Earthquake instability models have possible application to earthquake forecasting because the models simulate both preseismic and coseismic changes of fault slip and ground deformation. In the forecast procedure proposed here, repeated measurements of preseismic fault slip and ground deformation constrain the values of model parameters. The early part of the model simulation corresponds to the available field data, and the subsequent part constitutes an estimate of future faulting and ground deformation. In particular, the time, location, and size of unstable faulting are estimates of the pending earthquake parameters. The forecast accuracy depends on the model realism and parameter resolution. The forecast procedure is applied to fault creep and trilateration data measured near Parkfield, California, where at least five magnitude 5.5 to 6 earthquakes have occurred regularly since 1881, the last in 1966. The quasi-static model consists of a flat vertical plane embedded in an elastic half space. Spacially variable fault slip of strike-slip sense is driven by an increasing regional shear stress but is impeded by a relatively strong patch of brittle, strain-softening fault. The field data are consistent with these approximate values of patch parameters: radius of 3 km, patch center 5 km deep and 8 km southeast of the 1966 epicenter, and maximum brittle strength of 26 bars. Fluctuations in the available field data prevent estimating the earthquake time with any more precision than use of the 21±8 year recurrence interval. However, the model may later give a more precise estimate of the earthquake time if the fault slip rate near the inferred patch increases before the earthquake, as predicted by the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB01p00592","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W.D., Archuleta, R.J., and Lindh, A.G., 1985, Forecast model for moderate earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B1, p. 592-604, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB01p00592.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"592","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7ce4b0c8380cd534a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, William D. stuart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"William","email":"stuart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":366166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, Ralph J.","contributorId":77801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindh, Allan Goddard","contributorId":59798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"Goddard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013460,"text":"70013460 - 1985 - An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013460","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.","docAbstract":"The mineral assemblage biotite-garnet-muscovite-magnetite-quartz and its sub-sets are common in many peraluminous granites, schists and gneisses. If the biotite and garnet are reasonably iron-rich, then the system is a useful buffer for fO2. Available thermochemical data indicate that, in T-fO2 space, the buffer curve is located between the hematite-magnetite curve and the quartz-magnetite-fayalite curve, in a region that previously had no buffer curve applicable to peraluminous rocks. -J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1985, An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.: American Mineralogist, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 65-73.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaafe4b0c8380cd489f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E.","contributorId":101381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013435,"text":"70013435 - 1985 - CONMAP - USGS MARINE MAPPING PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013435","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CONMAP - USGS MARINE MAPPING PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey has commenced a marine mapping program, CONMAP (the Continental Margin Maps), which is supported by, and dependent on, a foundation of digital data-bases. The goal of the program's first phase is to prepare a series of maps that completely cover the Exclusive Economic Zone. The maps will be prepared using an Albers' Conic Equal-Area Projection at a scale of 1:1,000,000. An initial product of CONMAP will be a series of base map panels portraying the topographic and bathymetric relief, political boundaries and key geographic locations. Additional maps will be prepared which portray other data types and analytical themes.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 45th Annual Meeting - ACSM: Theodolite to Satellite. Papers presented at the 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention (American Society of Photogrammetry).","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Escowitz, E.C., 1985, CONMAP - USGS MARINE MAPPING PROGRAM., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 144-150.","startPage":"144","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dfe4b0c8380cd4b44d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Escowitz, Edward C.","contributorId":53860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escowitz","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013429,"text":"70013429 - 1985 - Source pulse enhancement by deconvolution of an empirical Green's function","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T12:15:15.536367","indexId":"70013429","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source pulse enhancement by deconvolution of an empirical Green's function","docAbstract":"Observations of the earthquake source-time function are enhanced if path, recording-site, and instrument complexities can be removed from seismograms. Assuming that a small earthquake has a simple source, its seismogram can be treated as an empirical Green's function and deconvolved from the seismogram of a larger and/or more complex earthquake by spectral division. When the deconvolution is well posed, the quotient spectrum represents the apparent source-time function of the larger event. This study shows that with high-quality locally recorded earthquake data it is feasible to Fourier transform the quotient and obtain a useful result in the time domain. In practice, the deconvolution can be stabilized by one of several simple techniques.
In this paper, the method is implemented and tested on high-quality digital recordings of aftershocks of the Jan. 9, 1982 Miramichi (New Brunswick) earthquake. In particular, seismograms from a Jan. 17 aftershock (017 13:33 GMT, local mag.=3.5) exhibit path or site effects which complicate the determination of source parameters. After deconvolution, the apparent far-field source of this event is a simple pulse in displacement with duration ≈ 0.07 second for both P and S.
The U.S. Geological Survey conducts research and collects hydrologic data relating to the Nation's water resources. Two water quality laboratories in Atlanta, Georgia, and Denver, Colorado, support the national research programs, and provide chemical analyses of natural waters for the data program. Additional chemical water quality data are provided by cooperator and contract laboratories.
Continuous quality assurance efforts with these laboratories require several thousand reference samples each year. Reference samples approximating actual field samples provide the most realistic quality assurance for the laboratories. Seven types of natural matrix reference water samples are prepared for use in the Survey's quality assurance program. These include samples containing major constituents, trace metals, nutrients, herbicides, insecticides, trace metals in a water and suspended-sediment mixture, and precipitation (snowmelt). To prepare these reference samples, natural water is collected in plastic drums and the sediment is allowed to settle. The water is then filtered, selected constituents are added, and if necessary the water is acidified and sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation before bottling in plastic or glass. More than 1000 1-L samples of a given type may be prepared at a time. These reference samples are distributed twice yearly to more than 100 laboratories for chemical analysis. The most probable values for each constituent are determined by evaluating the data submitted by the laboratories using statistical techniques recommended by ASTM.
A stockpile of several thousand reference samples is maintained by the preparation of new samples as needed. Periodically, some of these samples are submitted to laboratories as “unknowns”. When the analytical data for these samples are reported and evaluated, problem areas detected are promptly reported to the respective laboratory.
Use of both identified and unidentified reference samples provides some of the quality assurance data necessary to ensure the continuing accuracy of chemical analyses obtained to support the Survey's basic water-data collection and research program activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements","conferenceDate":"Aug 8-12, 1983","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","doi":"10.1520/STP30311S","issn":"","isbn":"","usgsCitation":"Janzer, V.J., 1985, The use of natural waters as U.S. Geological Survey reference samples, in Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements, Boulder, CO, USA, Aug 8-12, 1983, p. 319-333, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP30311S.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb7fe4b08c986b32866b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janzer, Victor J.","contributorId":36119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janzer","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013252,"text":"70013252 - 1985 - SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013252","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER.","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional unsteady flow model has been applied to the tidal Potomac River, including its major tributaries and marginal embayments, between Washington, D. C. and Indian Head, Md. The computer model has been calibrated to simulate the combined effects of tide, freshwater inflows, and wind conditions governing flow in the system of channels. The comprehensive flow data provided by the model can be used to better understand the physical, geochemical, biological, and other processes that affect the river's water quality.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1985, SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 134-140.","startPage":"134","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf56e4b0c8380cd8752e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013214,"text":"70013214 - 1985 - Validation of an automated fluorescein method for determining bromide in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013214","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of an automated fluorescein method for determining bromide in water","docAbstract":"Surface, atmospheric precipitation and deionized water samples were spiked with ??g l-1 concentrations of bromide, and the solutions stored in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene bottles. Bromide was determined periodically for 30 days. Automated fluorescein and ion chromatography methods were used to determine bromide in these prepared samples. Analysis of the data by the paired t-test indicates that the two methods are not significantly different at a probability of 95% for samples containing from 0.015 to 0.5 mg l-1 of bromide. The correlation coefficient for the same sets of paired data is 0.9987. Recovery data, except for the surface water samples to which 0.005 mg l-1 of bromide was added, range from 89 to 112%. There appears to be no loss of bromide from solution in either type of container.Surface, atmospheric precipitation and deionized water samples were spiked with mu g l** minus **1 concentrations of bromide, and the solutions stored in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene bottles. Bromide was determined periodically for 30 days. Automated fluorescein and ion chromatography methods were used to determine bromide in these prepared samples. Analysis of the data by the paired t-test indicates that the two methods are not significantly different at a probability of 95% for samples containing from 0. 015 to 0. 5 mg l** minus **1 of bromide. The correlation coefficient for the same sets of paired data is 0. 9987. Recovery data, except for the surface water samples to which 0. 005 mg l** minus **1 of bromide was added, range from 89 to 112%. Refs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(85)90042-9","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Fishman, M.J., Schroder, L., and Friedman, L., 1985, Validation of an automated fluorescein method for determining bromide in water: Water Research, v. 19, no. 4, p. 497-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90042-9.","startPage":"497","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204999,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90042-9"},{"id":220021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0fee4b08c986b32a3f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, M. J.","contributorId":65069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, L.C.","contributorId":57080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013202,"text":"70013202 - 1985 - New approach to calibrating bed load samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:04:58","indexId":"70013202","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approach to calibrating bed load samplers","docAbstract":"Cyclic variations in bed load discharge at a point, which are an inherent part of the process of bed load movement, complicate calibration of bed load samplers and preclude the use of average rates to define sampling efficiencies. Calibration curves, rather than efficiencies, are derived by two independent methods using data collected with prototype versions of the Helley‐Smith sampler in a large calibration facility capable of continuously measuring transport rates across a 9 ft (2.7 m) width. Results from both methods agree. Composite calibration curves, based on matching probability distribution functions of samples and measured rates from different hydraulic conditions (runs), are obtained for six different versions of the sampler. Sampled rates corrected by the calibration curves agree with measured rates for individual runs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:4(677)","usgsCitation":"Hubbell, D.W., Stevens, H., Skinner, J.V., and Beverage, J., 1985, New approach to calibrating bed load samplers: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 111, no. 4, p. 677-694, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:4(677).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"694","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269428,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:4(677)"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6558e4b0c8380cd72b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbell, D. W.","contributorId":15997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, H.H.","contributorId":90347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beverage, J.P.","contributorId":44120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beverage","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013191,"text":"70013191 - 1985 - QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013191","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.","docAbstract":"Reference samples are submitted semiannually to field analysts for measurement of these parameters with the same techniques and instruments used in the field. Both the personnel and the instruments involved in making the determinations are recorded. When the data are complete, a report defining the quality of the analytical results is prepared and circulated to appropriate District, Regional, and National offices. Field data, in addition to their immediate use, are normally placed in a national data base and are available to all hydrologists. As a result, the quality of field measurements can have a profound effect on their investigations. The quality assurance program described is designed to insure that the field data of the Water Resources Division are highly accurate.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements.","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803102240","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, D.E., and Thomas, J., 1985, QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS., in ASTM Special Technical Publication, Boulder, CO, USA, p. 110-115.","startPage":"110","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a906de4b0c8380cd7fd1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, D. E.","contributorId":30264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, J.D.","contributorId":76884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013132,"text":"70013132 - 1985 - Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:49:53","indexId":"70013132","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos","docAbstract":"Results from multi-year investigations in the San Francisco Bay estuary show that large abundance fluctuations within benthic macroinvertebrate populations reflect both (1) within-year periodicity of reproduction, recruitment, and mortality that is not necessarily coincident with seasonal changes of the environment (e.g., the annual temperature cycle), and (2) aperiodic density changes (often larger than within-year fluctuations) following random perturbations of the environment. Density peaks of the small, short-lived estuarine invertebrates that comprise the vast majority of individuals in the bay's relatively homogeneous benthic community normally occur between spring and autumn depending on the species, in large part a reflection of reproductive periodicity. However, because mild winters permit reproductive activity in some of the common species throughout much of the year, other factors are important to within-year density fluctuations in the community. Seasonally predictable changes in freshwater inflow, wind and tidal mixing, microalgal biomass, and sediment erosion/deposition patterns all contribute to observed seasonal changes in abundance. For example, the commonly observed decline in abundance during winter reflects both short-lived species that die after reproducing and the stress of winter conditions (e.g., inundation by less saline, sediment-laden water and the decline in both planktonic and benthic algal biomass - a direct source of food for the shallow-water benthos). On the other hand, data from several studies suggest that observed 'recruitment' and 'mortality' may in fact be the migration of juveniles and adults to and from study sites. For example, the common amphipod Ampelisca abdita apparently moves from shallow to deep water, or from up-estuary to down-estuary locations, coincident with periods of high river runoff in winter. Growth of individuals within the few studied species populations is also highly seasonal, and appears to be coincident with seasonal increases in the abundance of planktonic and/or benthic microalgae. Two multi-year studies have shown that, in addition to within-year periodicity, major restructuring of the benthic community can occur as a result of anomalous (usually climate-related) perturbations of the benthic habitat. For example, during wet years freshwater-intolerant species disappear from the upper part of the estuary and from shallow areas of the bay. During a two-year drought these same species colonized the extreme upper end of the estuary in large numbers. Other aperiodic perturbations include localized instances of sediment erosion or deposition and algal mat accumulations that greatly depress abundance. Additionally, there is evidence (observations that the clam Macoma balthica establishes large populations only when the amphipod A. abdita is not abundant) that species interactions can contribute greatly to interannual variations. Thus, while community composition may change little over the long term, year-to-year predictability of species abundances is low. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048691","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., and Thompson, J., 1985, Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048691.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048691"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3ace4b08c986b325f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013117,"text":"70013117 - 1985 - ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013117","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.","docAbstract":"ANNIE is a data storage and retrieval system that was developed to reduce the time and effort required to calibrate, verify, and apply watershed models that continuously simulate water quantity and quality. Watershed models have three categories of input: parameters to describe segments of a drainage area, linkage of the segments, and time-series data. Additional goals for ANNIE include the development of software that is easily implemented on minicomputers and some microcomputers and software that has no special requirements for interactive display terminals. Another goal is for the user interaction to be based on the experience of the user so that ANNIE is helpful to the inexperienced user and yet efficient and brief for the experienced user. Finally, the code should be designed so that additional hydrologic models can easily be added to ANNIE.","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers).","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","usgsCitation":"Lumb, A.M., and Kittle, J.L., 1985, ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS., International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology (Preprints of Papers)., Los Angeles, CA, USA, p. 91-93.","startPage":"91","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ee4b0c8380cd47210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumb, Alan M.","contributorId":47792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumb","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kittle, John L.","contributorId":90468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013116,"text":"70013116 - 1985 - Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:03:12","indexId":"70013116","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.","docAbstract":"The water level response to a slug or bailer test in a well completed in a confined aquifer has been evaluated taking into account well-bore storage and inertial effects of the water column in the well. The response range, from overdamped with negligible inertial effects to damped oscillation, was covered employing numerical inversions of the Laplace-transform solution. By scaling the time with respect to the undamped natural period of the well-aquifer system and by using the damping parameter for a second-order damped, inertial-elastic system, a set of type curves was constructed that enables water level response data from a slug or bailer test to be analyzed under conditions where the inertial parameter is large. Values of transmissivity and effective static water column length can be determined when an estimate of storage coefficient is available. The numerical solution and resulting type curves cover the transition range between the limiting cases of negligible inertial effects and of damped oscillation that have been treated by others. Two examples of slug test analysis show that precise results depend on accurate measurements of water level displacement (±1% of initial value).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i009p01397","usgsCitation":"Kipp, K.L., 1985, Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1397-1408, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i009p01397.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9ace4b08c986b327d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. Jr.","contributorId":189754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013115,"text":"70013115 - 1985 - Organic geochemical characterization of the New Albany Shale group in the Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T15:57:13.732921","indexId":"70013115","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic geochemical characterization of the New Albany Shale group in the Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"Benzene extractable aliphatic hydrocarbons from the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the total organic matter of the shale was characterized by solid state carbon-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Core samples from a northwest-trending cross-section of the Illinois Basin were studied. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS) data indicate a regional variation of the aliphatic composition of the shale extracts. A positive, linear relationship between the two ratios, pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18, is indicated. The NMR results indicated that organic matter deposited in northwestern Illinois shale is relatively high in aliphatic hydrocarbon content while, in contrast, organic matter found in southeastern Illinois shale is relatively low in aliphatic hydrocarbon content. Our findings suggest that the organic variation of the shale is mainly due to the differences in thermal maturity of the shale organic matter and the use of pristane/n-C17 ratio as a thermal parameter in the study of oil may be extended to the study of the ancient sediments.
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\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fb1e4b0c8380cd75be5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, D. R.","contributorId":66837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013109,"text":"70013109 - 1985 - Some mineral stability relations in the system CaO MgO SiO2 H2O HCl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:47:58.809342","indexId":"70013109","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Some mineral stability relations in the system CaO MgO SiO2 H2O HCl","title":"Some mineral stability relations in the system CaO MgO SiO2 H2O HCl","docAbstract":"Mineral-aqueous solution equilibria for the assemblages talc-quartz, tremolite-talc-quartz, diopside-tremolite-quartz, wollastonite-diopside-quartz and wollastonite-quartz have been studied at 2 kb total pressure, 500° to 700°C and chloride concentrations from 0.03 to 6.0 molal. Most work was at 1 m chloride. Both buffered and unbuffered data were obtained and a recalibration of the Ag-AgCl buffer is presented. Log equilibrium quotients at 500°, 600° and 700°C are respectively: Ta-Qz (
Overall dissociation constants of MgCl2 and CaCl2 were calculated from the experimental data using the calculated ionic activity constants for the reactions and the established dissociation constants of HCl. The negative log values are respectively: 3.88. 6.63, 9.20 for CaCl2 and 4.60, 7.54, 10.37 for MgCl2 at 500°, 600° and 700°C, 2 kb. The Ca values are about an order of magnitude more positive than the conductance-derived values by Frantz and Marshall (1982).
The phase relations developed in this study have application to the genesis of talc, tremolite, and diopside-bearing assemblages in some regional metamorphic rocks, but more specifically to the calcsilicate skarn assemblages of many metasomatic aureoles. The equilibrium fluids are characterized by high concentrations of Ca relative to Mg and increasing
Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above- or below-mean streamflow. The second component represents a north-south opposition in departures from mean flow, and the third, an east-west opposition. Higher-order components (fourth and fifth) geographically depict regional patterns of opposition in the sign of streamflow departures between coastal-continental areas and between the northern and southern plains, respectively. Analyses using spatially and temporally modified data sets indicate that the first three components (which explain 45% of the variance) are quite stable spatially, while only the first component is stable temporally. Time series analysis of principal component scores indicates that all but the fourth component are first-order autoregressive processes, as is mean annual nationwide streamflow. The fourth component is an autoregressive (AR)(2) process. In general, the principal components of streamflow are found to exhibit more persistence over annual time scales than the mean annual flow data themselves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00691","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1985, Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00691.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013080,"text":"70013080 - 1985 - PREPRO: a computer program for encoding regional exploration data for use in characteristic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:45:56","indexId":"70013080","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PREPRO: a computer program for encoding regional exploration data for use in characteristic analysis","docAbstract":"The preprocessor (PREPRO) computer program offers the exploration geologist a variety of options for encoding regional exploration data into ternary form for use in characteristic analysis. PREPRO's options include variable-input formats, cursor input, ordering among a set of input variables, and selectable ternary transformations. Moreover, the program provides for the display of results which, in turn, makes possible review, reselection, and retransformation of variables. Most important, the performance of the listed steps in an interactive computing environment results in rapid and efficient preprocessing of the data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(85)90082-2","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Bridges, N., Hanley, J., and McCammon, R., 1985, PREPRO: a computer program for encoding regional exploration data for use in characteristic analysis: Computers & Geosciences, v. 11, no. 5, p. 513-519, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(85)90082-2.","startPage":"513","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(85)90082-2"},{"id":220567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7374e4b0c8380cd77041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, N.J.","contributorId":20320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanley, J.T.","contributorId":73192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013079,"text":"70013079 - 1985 - Comparison of aquifer characteristics derived from local and regional aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:56:52.610961","indexId":"70013079","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of aquifer characteristics derived from local and regional aquifer tests","docAbstract":"A comparison of the aquifer parameter values obtained through the analysis of a local and a regional aquifer test involving the same area in southeast Georgia is made in order to evaluate the validity of extrapolating local aquifer-test results for use in large-scale flow simulations. Time-drawdown and time-recovery data were analyzed by using both graphical and least-squares fitting of the data to the Theis curve. Additionally, directional transmissivity, transmissivity tensor, and angle of anisotropy were computed for both tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Randolph, R., Krause, R., and Maslia, M., 1985, Comparison of aquifer characteristics derived from local and regional aquifer tests: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 3, p. 309-316.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f850e4b0c8380cd4cffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randolph, R.B.","contributorId":38606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krause, R.E.","contributorId":73210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maslia, M.L.","contributorId":24090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslia","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013069,"text":"70013069 - 1985 - Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:09:19","indexId":"70013069","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"Changes in salinity in groundwater and surface water in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado are primarily related to irrigation practices. A solute transport model was applied to an 11-mile reach of the valley to compute salinity changes in response to spatially and temporally varying stresses. The model was calibrated in 1973 using detailed field measurements made during 1971 and 1972. In 1973 the calibrated model was used to predict that a gradual long-term increase in groundwater salinity of about 2–3% per year would occur if the observed irrigation practices continued. The study area was resampled during the winter of 1982 to help evaluate if any long-term changes in salinity are actually occurring. Nonparametric and parametric statistical tests were used to help assess the significance of observed changes in groundwater salinity. These tests indicate that a statistically significant increase in salinity occurred between the winters of 1971 and 1972 (the model calibration period). However, a comparison of the winter 1972 and winter 1982 data indicates that no significant net change in salinity has occurred during this 10-year period. An analysis of the few available historical data (1895, 1923, 1959–1961, and 1964) supports the hypothesis that groundwater salinity in this irrigated area has reached a long-term dynamic equilibrium in response to irrigation practices. The model predictions of long-term salinity increases were invalid probably because the calibration period occurred during a short-term annual trend of increasing salinity in the river (and hence in leaky irrigation canals and in applied irrigation water), which was not representative of the long-term trend.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01611","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1985, Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1611-1624, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01611.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1611","endPage":"1624","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River valley","volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e637e4b0c8380cd47268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, Mark","contributorId":55568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013061,"text":"70013061 - 1985 - Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T18:28:43.380103","indexId":"70013061","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district","docAbstract":"The West Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, contains many volcanogenic sulfide deposits within Middle Devonian rhyolites that have not been highly metamorphosed. The district was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for intensive geological, geochemical, and geophysical study under the Development of Assessment Techniques (DAT) project because accessible exposures have been created by erosion and mining. This report describes the geophysical methods applied to characterize the electrical properties of selected West Shasta massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, at both small (less than 25 ft) and large (greater than 25 ft) scales. The electrical techniques used galvanic (spectral induced polarization--SIP) and induction (very low frequency--VLF, slingram, and time domain electro-magnetics--TDEM) methods.In situ spectral induced polarization measurements were carried out to determine whether or not conductive anomalies in the district could be differentiated by their polarization signatures. The sulfide, in situ, induced polarization-phase spectral signatures (the induced polarization effect as a function of frequency) have much less character and lack the distinctive shape reported for other massive sulfide deposits; however, they do have some identifiable massive sulfide traits, such as low resistivity and variable polarizability. The nondescript sulfide spectral signature is attributed to the poor development of polarization processes due to a high percentage of resistive, nonpolarizable gangue minerals, lack of pore space, and limited electrolytic fluids. Large-scale spectral induced polarization measurements over the Hornet orebody have a greater polarization than the in situ measurements. This observation, in addition to the fact that much of the Hornet sulfide body has been removed by previous mining activity, suggests that the dominant polarization processes occur at the ground-water-sulfide interface.Combined use of induction techniques, which have different depths of penetration, were used to locate conductive anomalies and determine their shape and depth. All the induction surveys over the Hornet orebody detected the conductive tabular-shaped massive pyritic sulfide deposit hosted in resistive rhyolite. Shallow penetrating induction methods near the Keystone mine detected a conductive fault zone where a block of shale has been downfaulted into volcanic rock. Integrated interpretation of deeper penetrating induction data over this conductive fault zone indicates that parts of the shale are also conductive, demonstrating that the integrated use of several induction methods provides better conductor definition than a single method.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2213","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Horton, R.J., Smith, B.D., and Washburne, J., 1985, Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2213-2229, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2213.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2213","endPage":"2229","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0890e4b0c8380cd51b8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, R. J.","contributorId":19926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Washburne, J.C.","contributorId":105431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburne","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013039,"text":"70013039 - 1985 - Digital to Analog Conversion and Visual Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:07:37","indexId":"70013039","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2348,"text":"Journal of Imaging Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital to Analog Conversion and Visual Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Data","docAbstract":"As a part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Landsat D Image Data Quality Analysis Program, the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center (EDC) developed procedures to optimize the visual information content of Thematic Mapper data and evaluate the resulting photographic products by visual interpretation. A digital-to-analog transfer function was developed which would properly place the digital values on the most useable portion of a film response curve. Individual black-and-white transparencies generated using the resulting look-up tables were utilized in the production of color-composite images with varying band combinations. Four experienced photointerpreters ranked 2-cm-diameter (0. 75 inch) chips of selected image features of each band combination for ease of interpretability. A nonparametric rank-order test determined the significance of interpreter preference for the band combinations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Imaging Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07473583","usgsCitation":"McCord, J.R., Binnie, D.R., and Seevers, P.M., 1985, Digital to Analog Conversion and Visual Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Data: Journal of Imaging Technology, v. 11, no. 3, p. 125-130.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd48e4b0c8380cd4e741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, James R.","contributorId":17998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binnie, Douglas R. binnie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"Douglas","email":"binnie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seevers, Paul M.","contributorId":66415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013018,"text":"70013018 - 1985 - Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:48:54","indexId":"70013018","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium","docAbstract":"Sorption of chromium VI on the iron-oxide- and hydroxide-coated surface of alluvial material was numerically simulated with rate-controlled reactions. Reaction kinetics and diffusional processes, in the form of film, pore, and particle diffusion, were simulated and compared with experimental results. The use of empirically calculated rate coefficients for diffusion through the reacting surface was found to simulate experimental data; pore or particle diffusion is believed to be a possible rate-controlling mechanism. The use of rate equations to predict conservative transport and rate- and local-equilibrium-controlled reactions was shown to be feasible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i011p01703","usgsCitation":"Grove, D., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1985, Modeling the rate-controlled sorption of hexavalent chromium: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 11, p. 1703-1709, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i011p01703.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1709","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad4e4b0c8380cd690ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, D.B.","contributorId":56689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013004,"text":"70013004 - 1985 - Regional magnetotelluric surveys in hydrocarbon exploration, Parana Basin, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T16:59:13.680402","indexId":"70013004","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional magnetotelluric surveys in hydrocarbon exploration, Parana Basin, Brazil","docAbstract":"The magnetotelluric geophysical method has been used effectively as a hydrocarbon exploration tool in the intracratonic Parana basin of South America. The Parana basin has an area of about 1,200,000 km2 (463,000 mi2), extending over portions of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Bolivia. The Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks in the Parana basin are covered by the world's most extensive flood basalt complex, making geophysical exploration extremely difficult, although modern seismic techniques recently applied are achieving good results in some areas. The 1-2 km (3,300-6,600 ft) thick surface basalts and buried diabase sills pose no problem for the magnetotelluric method because the natural electromagnetic fields used as the energy source pass easily through the basalt. Data for the regional study were taken on six profiles with soundings spaced 8 to 15 km (5 to 9 mi) apart. The magnetotelluric sounding data outline a linear uplift known as the Ponta Grossa arch. This major structural feature cuts across the northeast-trending intracratonic basin almost perpendicularly, and is injected with numerous diabase dikes. Although its character is reasonably well known in the shallow, eastern parts of the basin, it is poorly delineated in the deeper parts of the basin where promising natural gas zones have been tested in several wells.
In the survey area, MT interpretations show that basalts have aggregate thickness of as much as 2 km (6,600 ft), and basement may be as much as 6 km (20,000 ft) below the surface. Over most of the basin, the basalts are covered by Upper Cretaceous to Holocene continental sediments of a few hundred meters thickness and are underlain by 2 to 4 km (6,600 to 13,100 ft) thick Paleozoic sediments with possible hydrocarbon potential. The Ponta Grossa arch is interpreted to be the failed arm of a triple rift system that formed during the separation of the African and South American continents. Shales of the Devonian Ponta Grossa Formation are important Parana basin source rocks for hydrocarbons, as are several Permian units. Significant electrical contrasts occur between the Permian sediments and older units, so that magnetotelluric measurements can give an indication of the regional thickness of the Permian and younger sediments to aid in interpreting hydrocarbon migration patterns and possible trap areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD4624E8-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W., Saad, A.R., and Ohofugi, W., 1985, Regional magnetotelluric surveys in hydrocarbon exploration, Parana Basin, Brazil: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 3, p. 346-360, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD4624E8-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Parana Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.160784424395956,\n -24.04001271402015\n ],\n [\n -53.56775141880476,\n -26.510310575826978\n ],\n [\n -54.018942546070036,\n -27.535650918603928\n ],\n [\n -55.61490177660099,\n -28.15328458952623\n ],\n [\n -57.026198012680666,\n -29.85285453824617\n ],\n [\n -56.16009379363277,\n -30.63592533134573\n ],\n [\n -54.20017294070783,\n -31.705551346072788\n ],\n [\n -52.512803653932394,\n -31.05901390285873\n ],\n [\n -51.368602067567736,\n -29.84047960357273\n ],\n [\n -50.174227290258926,\n -27.66083523147509\n ],\n [\n -49.1575844849707,\n -24.511980415836106\n ],\n [\n -49.9729245515324,\n -22.911714837871344\n ],\n [\n -52.791187805255475,\n -22.61789226143965\n ],\n [\n -53.77378385386086,\n -23.19162413103946\n ],\n [\n -54.160784424395956,\n -24.04001271402015\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a933ee4b0c8380cd80cd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, William D.","contributorId":23274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, Antonio Roberto Roberto","contributorId":98466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"Antonio","suffix":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"Roberto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohofugi, Walter","contributorId":23685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohofugi","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}