The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) provides data and describes the methodology used in creating the global database of moderate- to large-size dune fields on Mars. The database is being released in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. The first report (Hayward and others, 2007) included dune fields from lat 65° N. to 65° S. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1158/). The second report (Hayward and others, 2010) included dune fields from lat 60° N. to 90° N. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1170/). This report encompasses ~75,000 km2 of mapped dune fields from lat 60° to 90° S. The dune fields included in this global database were initially located using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) Infrared (IR) images. In the previous two reports, some dune fields may have been unintentionally excluded for two reasons: (1) incomplete THEMIS IR (daytime) coverage may have caused us to exclude some moderate- to large-size dune fields or (2) resolution of THEMIS IR coverage (100 m/pixel) certainly caused us to exclude smaller dune fields. In this report, mapping is more complete. The Arizona State University THEMIS daytime IR mosaic provided complete IR coverage, and it is unlikely that we missed any large dune fields in the South Pole (SP) region. In addition, the increased availability of higher resolution images resulted in the inclusion of more small (~1 km2) sand dune fields and sand patches. To maintain consistency with the previous releases, we have identified the sand features that would not have been included in earlier releases. While the moderate to large dune fields in MGD3 are likely to constitute the largest compilation of sediment on the planet, we acknowledge that our database excludes numerous small dune fields and some moderate to large dune fields as well. Please note that the absence of mapped dune fields does not mean that dune fields do not exist and is not intended to imply a lack of saltating sand in other areas. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS), Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow angle, Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera, or Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images allowed, we classified dunes and included some dune slipface measurements, which were derived from gross dune morphology and represent the approximate prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. It was beyond the scope of this report to look at the detail needed to discern subtle dune modification. It was also beyond the scope of this report to measure all slipfaces. We attempted to include enough slipface measurements to represent the general circulation (as implied by gross dune morphology) and to give a sense of the complex nature of aeolian activity on Mars. The absence of slipface measurements in a given direction should not be taken as evidence that winds in that direction did not occur. When a dune field was located within a crater, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid was calculated, as another possible indicator of wind direction. Output from a general circulation model is also included. In addition to polygons locating dune fields, the database includes ~700 of the THEMIS VIS and MOC images that were used to build the database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121259","usgsCitation":"Hayward, R., Fenton, L., Titus, T., Colaprete, A., and Christensen, P.R., 2012, Mars global digital dune database: MC-30: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1259, Pamphlet: 8 p.; Map: 1 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; GIS, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121259.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 8 p.; Map: 1 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; GIS","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039013","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1259.gif"},{"id":265040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1259/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d015e4b0a4aa5bb0af5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayward, R.K.","contributorId":31885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":102189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colaprete, A.","contributorId":26047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colaprete","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042280,"text":"70042280 - 2012 - Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T21:15:21","indexId":"70042280","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity","docAbstract":"Background Large-scale inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) projects are commonly proposed as solutions to water distribution and supply problems. These problems are likely to intensify under future population growth and climate change scenarios. Scarce data on the distribution of freshwater fishes frequently limits the ability to assess the potential implications of an IBWT project on freshwater fish communities. Because connectivity in habitat networks is expected to be critical to species' biogeography, consideration of changes in the relative isolation of riverine networks may provide a strategy for controlling impacts of IBWTs on freshwater fish communities Methods/Principal Findings Using empirical data on the current patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity for rivers of peninsular India, we show here how the spatial changes alone under an archetypal IBWT project will (1) reduce freshwater fish biodiversity system-wide, (2) alter patterns of local species richness, (3) expand distributions of widespread species throughout peninsular rivers, and (4) decrease community richness by increasing inter-basin similarity (a mechanism for the observed decrease in biodiversity). Given the complexity of the IBWT, many paths to partial or full completion of the project are possible. We evaluate two strategies for step-wise implementation of the 11 canals, based on economic or ecological considerations. We find that for each step in the project, the impacts on freshwater fish communities are sensitive to which canal is added to the network. Conclusions/Significance Importantly, ecological impacts can be reduced by associating the sequence in which canals are added to characteristics of the links, except for the case when all 11 canals are implemented simultaneously (at which point the sequence of canal addition is inconsequential). By identifying the fundamental relationship between the geometry of riverine networks and freshwater fish biodiversity, our results will aid in assessing impacts of IBWT projects and balancing ecosystem and societal demands for freshwater, even in cases where biodiversity data are limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0034170","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Lynch, H., Muneepeerakul, R., Muthukumarasamy, A., Rodríguez-Iturbe, I., and Fagan, W., 2012, Interbasin water transfer, riverine connectivity, and spatial controls on fish biodiversity: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 3, 7 p.; e34170, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170.","productDescription":"7 p.; e34170","ipdsId":"IP-035454","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":265022,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034170"},{"id":265023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d009e4b0a4aa5bb0af33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Heather J.","contributorId":23824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Heather J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muneepeerakul, Rachata","contributorId":66130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muneepeerakul","given":"Rachata","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muthukumarasamy, Arunachalam","contributorId":77016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muthukumarasamy","given":"Arunachalam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodríguez-Iturbe, Ignacio","contributorId":78626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Iturbe","given":"Ignacio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003712,"text":"70003712 - 2012 - Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T16:42:01","indexId":"70003712","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:35:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience","docAbstract":"The cross-scale resilience model states that ecological resilience is generated in part from the distribution of functions within and across scales in a system. Resilience is a measure of a system's ability to remain organized around a particular set of mutually reinforcing processes and structures, known as a regime. We define scale as the geographic extent over which a process operates and the frequency with which a process occurs. Species can be categorized into functional groups that are a link between ecosystem processes and structures and ecological resilience. We applied the cross-scale resilience model to avian species in a grassland ecosystem. A species’ morphology is shaped in part by its interaction with ecological structure and pattern, so animal body mass reflects the spatial and temporal distribution of resources. We used the log-transformed rank-ordered body masses of breeding birds associated with grasslands to identify aggregations and discontinuities in the distribution of those body masses. We assessed cross-scale resilience on the basis of 3 metrics: overall number of functional groups, number of functional groups within an aggregation, and the redundancy of functional groups across aggregations. We assessed how the loss of threatened species would affect cross-scale resilience by removing threatened species from the data set and recalculating values of the 3 metrics. We also determined whether more function was retained than expected after the loss of threatened species by comparing observed loss with simulated random loss in a Monte Carlo process. The observed distribution of function compared with the random simulated loss of function indicated that more functionality in the observed data set was retained than expected. On the basis of our results, we believe an ecosystem with a full complement of species can sustain considerable species losses without affecting the distribution of functions within and across aggregations, although ecological resilience is reduced. We propose that the mechanisms responsible for shaping discontinuous distributions of body mass and the nonrandom distribution of functions may also shape species losses such that local extinctions will be nonrandom with respect to the retention and distribution of functions and that the distribution of function within and across aggregations will be conserved despite extinctions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., Allen, C.R., and Barichievy, C., 2012, Species, functional groups, and thresholds in ecological resilience: Conservation Biology, v. 26, no. 2, p. 305-314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-026575","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275417,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01822.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f25423e4b0279fe2e1c032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichievy, Chris","contributorId":17119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichievy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047302,"text":"70047302 - 2012 - Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: a case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T16:26:39","indexId":"70047302","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: a case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas","docAbstract":"The long term stability and reliability of the luminescence signal for gypsum has not been well documented or systematically measured until just recently. A review of the current literature for luminescence dating of gypsum is compiled here along with original efforts at dating an intact and in-situ bed of selenite gypsum at Salt Basin Playa, New Mexico and Texas. This effort differs from other documented luminescence dating efforts because the gypsum is not powdery or redistributed from its original growth patterns within the playa basin but is instead of a crystalline form. Sixteen ages from eight cores were ultimately produced with seven of the ages coming from rare detrital quartz encased in or with the gypsum crystals while the remaining ages are from the crystalline gypsum. As far as can be ascertained, the quartz was measured separately from the gypsum and no contaminants were noted in any of the aliquots. Some basic and preliminary tests of signal stability were measured and found to be mitigated by lessening of pre-heat protocols. Ages ranged from 8 ka to 10 ka in the shallow cores and 16 ka to 22 ka in the deeper cores. These ages will be useful in determining rates of gypsum growth within a sequence of evaporates which, in turn, will help to better document historic rates of evaporation and thus estimate, with more precision, the corresponding annual evaporation rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001","usgsCitation":"Mahan, S., and Kay, J., 2012, Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: a case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 10, p. 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"352","ipdsId":"IP-034741","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275603,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001"}],"country":"United States","city":"Texas;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,25.84 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -93.51,37.0 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -109.05,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e060e4b0cecbe8fa9859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":19239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kay, John","contributorId":108380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046871,"text":"70046871 - 2012 - Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:27:51","indexId":"70046871","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:19:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field","docAbstract":"Parkfield's regularly occurring M6 mainshocks, about every 25 years, have over two decades stoked seismologists' hopes to successfully predict an earthquake of significant size. However, with the longest known inter-event time of 38 years, the latest M6 in the series (28 Sep 2004) did not conform to any of the applied forecast models, questioning once more the predictability of earthquakes in general. Our study investigates the spatial pattern of b-values along the Parkfield segment through the seismic cycle and documents a stably stressed structure. The forecasted rate of M6 earthquakes based on Parkfield's microseismicity b-values corresponds well to observed rates. We interpret the observed b-value stability in terms of the evolution of the stress field in that area: the M6 Parkfield earthquakes do not fully unload the stress on the fault, explaining why time recurrent models fail. We present the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake as counter example, which did release a significant portion of the stress along its fault segment and yields a substantial change in b-values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012GL052913","usgsCitation":"Tormann, T., Wiemer, S., and Hardebeck, J.L., 2012, Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 18, L18310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052913.","productDescription":"L18310","ipdsId":"IP-034200","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052913"}],"volume":"39","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfd3e2e4b0d332bf22f37d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tormann, Thessa","contributorId":13883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tormann","given":"Thessa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemer, Stefan","contributorId":81566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046946,"text":"70046946 - 2012 - Northwestern salamanders Ambystoma gracile in mountain lakes: record oviposition depths among salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-18T14:56:03","indexId":"70046946","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northwestern salamanders Ambystoma gracile in mountain lakes: record oviposition depths among salamanders","docAbstract":"Oviposition timing, behaviors, and microhabitats of ambystomatid salamanders vary considerably (Egan and Paton 2004; Figiel and Semlitsch 1995; Howard and Wallace 1985; Mac-Cracken 2007). Regardless of species, however, females typically oviposit using sites conducive to embryo development and survival. For example, the results of an experiment by Figiel and Semlitsch (1995) on Ambystoma opacum (Marbled Salamander) oviposition indicated that females actively selected sites that were under grass clumps in wet versus dry treatments, and surmised that environmental conditions such as humidity, moisture, and temperature contributed to their results. Other factors associated with ambystomatid oviposition and embryo survival include water temperature (Anderson 1972; Brown 1976), dissolved oxygen concentration (Petranka et al. 1982; Sacerdote and King 2009), oviposition depth (Dougherty et al. 2005; Egan and Paton 2004), and oviposition attachment structures such as woody vegetation (McCracken 2007; Nussbaum et al. 1983). Resetarits (1996), in creating a model of oviposition site selection for anuran amphibians, hypothesized that oviparous organisms were also capable of modifying oviposition behavior and site selection to accommodate varying habitat conditions and to minimize potential negative effects of environmental stressors. Kats and Sih (1992), investigating the oviposition of Ambystoma barbouri (Streamside Salamander) in pools of a Kentucky stream, found that females preferred pools without predatory Lepomis cyanellus (Green Sunfish), and that the number of egg masses present in a pool historically containing fish increased significantly the year after fish had been extirpated from the pool. Palen et al. (2005) determined that Ambystoma gracile (Northwestern Salamander) and Ambystoma macrodactylum (Longtoed Salamander) eggs were deposited either at increased depth or in full shaded habitats, respectively, as water transperancy to UV-B radiation increased.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SSAR","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., Pearl, C., Larson, G., and Samora, B., 2012, Northwestern salamanders Ambystoma gracile in mountain lakes: record oviposition depths among salamanders: Herpetological Review, v. 43, no. 4, p. 553-556.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"556","ipdsId":"IP-037373","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e90e61e4b0e157e9e86f15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, R. Jr.","contributorId":63290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, C.A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":30732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047610,"text":"70047610 - 2012 - Do Daphnia use metalimnetic organic matter in a north temperate lake? An analysis of vertical migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-14T14:53:05","indexId":"70047610","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:44:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do Daphnia use metalimnetic organic matter in a north temperate lake? An analysis of vertical migration","docAbstract":"Diel vertical migration of zooplankton is influenced by a variety of factors including predation, food, and temperature. Research has recently shifted from a focus on factors influencing migration to how migration affects nutrient cycling and habitat coupling. Here we evaluate the potential for Daphnia migrations to incorporate metalimnetic productivity in a well-studied northern Wisconsin lake. We use prior studies conducted between 1985 and 1990 and current diel migration data (2008) to compare day and night Daphnia vertical distributions with the depth of the metalimnion (between the thermocline and 1% light depth). Daphnia migrate from a daytime mean residence depth of between about 1.7 and 2.5 m to a nighttime mean residence depth of between 0 and 2.0 m. These migrations are consistent between the prior period and current measurements. Daytime residence depths of Daphnia are rarely deep enough to reach the metalimnion; hence, metalimnetic primary production is unlikely to be an important resource for Daphnia in this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Inland Waters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Limnology","usgsCitation":"Brosseau, C.J., Cline, T.J., Cole, J.J., Hodgson, J.R., Pace, M., and Weidel, B., 2012, Do Daphnia use metalimnetic organic matter in a north temperate lake? An analysis of vertical migration: Inland Waters, v. 2, no. 4, p. 193-198.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-041611","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520ca6e4e4b081fa6136d3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosseau, Chase Julian","contributorId":45213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosseau","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"Julian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cline, Timothy J.","contributorId":28889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jonathan J.","contributorId":16738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgson, James R.","contributorId":74281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pace, Michael L.","contributorId":54498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70124276,"text":"70124276 - 2012 - Fire in Mediterranean climate ecosystems-A comparative overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T17:19:22.404349","indexId":"70124276","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:11:48","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2117,"text":"Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire in Mediterranean climate ecosystems-A comparative overview","docAbstract":"Four regions of the world share a similar climate and structurally similar plant communities with the Mediterranean Basin. These five areas, known collectively as \"mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions\", are dominated by evergreen sclerophyllous-leaved shrublands, semi-deciduous scrub, and woodlands, all of which are prone to widespread crown fires. Summer droughts produce an annual fire hazard that contributes to a highly predictable fire regime. Fire has been an important factor driving the convergence of these systems and is reflected in plant traits such as lignotubers in resprouting shrubs and delayed reproduction that restricts recruitment to a postfire pulse of seedlings. On fertile soils where postfire resprouting is very rapid, opportunities for postfire seedling recruitment are limited and thus these woody taxa have not opted for delaying reproduction. Such fire-independent recruitment is widespread in the floras of MTC regions of the Mediterranean Basin and California and postfire seeding tends to dominate at the more arid end of the gradient. Due to very different geological histories in South Africa and Western Australia, substrates are nutrient poor and thus postfire resprouters do not pose a similar competitive challenge to seedlings and thus postfire seeding is very widespread in these floras. Although circumstantial evidence suggests that the MTC region of Chile had fire-prone landscapes in the Tertiary, these were lost with the late Miocene completion of the Andean uplift, which now blocks summer lightning storms from moving into the region. Today these five regions pose a significant fire management challenge due to the annual fire hazard and metropolitan centers juxtaposed with highly flammable vegetation. This challenge varies across the five MTC landscapes as a function of differences in regional fuel loads and population density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 2012, Fire in Mediterranean climate ecosystems-A comparative overview: Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, v. 58, no. 2-3, p. 123-135.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-035085","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://brill.com/view/journals/ijee/58/2-3/article-p123_3.xml"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9a9e4b0239f1986ba72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044141,"text":"70044141 - 2012 - Igneous activity, metamorphism, and deformation in the Mount Rogers area of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: A geologic record of Precambrian tectonic evolution of the southern Blue Ridge Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T16:15:07","indexId":"70044141","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:10:48","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Igneous activity, metamorphism, and deformation in the Mount Rogers area of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: A geologic record of Precambrian tectonic evolution of the southern Blue Ridge Province","docAbstract":"Mesoproterozoic basement in the vicinity of Mount Rogers is characterized by considerable lithologic variability, including major map units composed of gneiss, amphibolite, migmatite, meta-quartz monzodiorite and various types of granitoid. SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and field mapping indicate that basement units define four types of occurrences, including (1) xenoliths of ca. 1.33 to ≥1.18 Ga age, (2) an early magmatic suite including meta-granitoids of ca. 1185–1140 Ma age that enclose or locally intrude the xenoliths, (3) metasedimentary rocks represented by layered granofels and biotite schist whose protoliths were likely deposited on the older meta-granitoids, and (4) a late magmatic suite composed of younger, ca. 1075–1030 Ma intrusive rocks of variable chemical composition that intruded the older rocks. The magmatic protolith of granofels constituting part of a layered, map-scale xenolith crystallized at ca. 1327 Ma, indicating that the lithology represents the oldest, intact crust presently recognized in the southern Appalachians. SHRIMP U-Pb data indicate that periods of regional Mesoproterozoic metamorphism occurred at 1170–1140 and 1070–1020 Ma. The near synchroneity in timing of regional metamorphism and magmatism suggests that magmas were emplaced into crust that was likely at near-solidus temperatures and that melts might have contributed to the regional heat budget. Much of the area is cut by numerous, generally east- to northeast-striking Paleozoic fault zones characterized by variable degrees of ductile deformation and recrystallization. These high-strain fault zones dismember the terrane, resulting in juxtaposition of units and transformation of basement lithologies to quartz- and mica-rich tectonites with protomylonitic and mylonitic textures. Mineral assemblages developed within such zones indicate that deformation and recrystallization likely occurred at greenschist-facies conditions at ca. 340 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From the Blue Ridge to the Coastal Plain: Field Excursions in the Southeastern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2012.0029(01)","usgsCitation":"Tollo, R.P., Aleinikoff, J.N., Mundil, R., Southworth, C.S., Cosca, M.A., Rankin, D., Rubin, A.E., Kentner, A., Parendo, C.A., and Ray, M.S., 2012, Igneous activity, metamorphism, and deformation in the Mount Rogers area of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: A geologic record of Precambrian tectonic evolution of the southern Blue Ridge Province, chap. of From the Blue Ridge to the Coastal Plain: Field Excursions in the Southeastern United States, v. 29, p. 1-66, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.0029(01).","productDescription":"67 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-039522","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278457,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2012.0029(01)"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Province","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b9307e4b058918d0acc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollo, Richard P.","contributorId":6465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollo","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mundil, Roland","contributorId":23061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundil","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rubin, Allison E.","contributorId":43664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kentner, Adrienne","contributorId":34818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kentner","given":"Adrienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Parendo, Christopher A.","contributorId":23839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parendo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ray, Molly S.","contributorId":62131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70039016,"text":"70039016 - 2012 - Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T15:49:17","indexId":"70039016","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:04:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices","docAbstract":"Phenological data are simple yet sensitive indicators of climate change impacts on ecosystems, but observations have not been made routinely or extensively enough to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns across most continents, including North America. As an alternative, many studies use weather-based algorithms to simulate specific phenological responses. Spring Indices (SI) are a set of complex phenological models that have been successfully applied to evaluate variations and trends in the onset of spring across the Northern Hemisphere’s temperate regions. To date, SI models have been limited by only producing output in locations where both the plants’ chilling and warmth requirements are met. Here, we develop an extended form of the SI (abbreviated SI-x) that expands their application into the subtropics by ignoring chilling requirements while still retaining the utility and accuracy of the original SI (now abbreviated SI-o). The validity of the new indices is tested, and regional SI anomalies are explored across the data-rich continental United States. SI-x variations from 1900 to 2010 show an abrupt and sustained delay in spring onset of about 4–8 d (around 1958) in parts of the Southeast and southern Great Plains, and a comparable advance of 4–8 d (around 1984) in parts of the northern Great Plains and the West. Atmospheric circulation anomalies, linked to large-scale modes of variability, exert modest but significant roles in the timing of spring onset across the United States on interannual and longer timescales. The SI-x are promising metrics for tracking spring onset variations and trends in mid-latitudes, relating them to relevant ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic phenomena, and exploring connections between atmospheric drivers and seasonal timing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3625","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M., Ault, T., and Betancourt, J.L., 2012, Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices: International Journal of Climatology, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3625.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039075","costCenters":[{"id":147,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282778,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3625"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.38333 ], [ -66.95,49.38333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd73d8e4b0b290851092da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":11092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ault, Toby R.","contributorId":48852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"Toby R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047653,"text":"70047653 - 2012 - Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T12:53:23","indexId":"70047653","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Nebraska","docAbstract":"Ants are ubiquitous and influential organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. About 1,000 ant species occur in North America, where they are found in nearly every habitat (Fisher and Cover 2007). Ants are critical to ecological processes and structure. Ants affect soils via tunneling activity (Baxter and Hole 1967), disperse plant seeds (Lengyel et al. 2009), prey upon a variety of insects and other invertebrates (Way and Khoo 1992, Folgarait 1998), are often effective primary consumers through their prodigious consumption of floral and especially extrafloral nectar, and honeydew (Tobin 1994), and serve as prey for invertebrates (Gotelli 1996, Gastreich 1999) and vertebrates (Reiss 2001).
","language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","usgsCitation":"Nemec, K.T., Trager, J.C., Manley, E., and Allen, C.R., 2012, Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for Nebraska: Prairie Naturalist, v. 44, no. 1, p. 63-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037094","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":301280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/2012-archive.cfm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f49e1e4b0fc50304bc4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemec, Kristine T.","contributorId":24650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemec","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trager, James C.","contributorId":17518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trager","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manley, Elizabeth","contributorId":52871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045858,"text":"70045858 - 2012 - Saliendo del circulo vicioso: Gestiones alternativas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la pesca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:07:11","indexId":"70045858","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3288,"text":"Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saliendo del circulo vicioso: Gestiones alternativas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la pesca","docAbstract":"The management of fisheries has historically focused on maintaining maximum sustained yields of single species. This approach generally ignored the broader social-ecological context that consists of coupled systems of people and nature, and resulted in the overexploitation of many fisheries globally, including many in Latin America. There are severe negative repercussion of overfishing, on both ecosystems and humans that rely on food and income provided by fisheries. Traditional management schemes based on maximizing should be replaced with approaches that explicitly recognize the coupling of social and ecological systems. We suggest a resilience approach that focuses on tradeoffs as a means of guaranteeing outputs over a broad range of conditions and avoiding undesirable thresholds. Resilience approaches may on average produce lower annual yields, but are more likely to allow the continued provision of multiple goods and services. A resilience approach requires scientifically derived data and consistent monitoring, and will not be successful if feedbacks between ecosystems and humans are ignored. The words \"Fisheries\" and \"Sustainability\" do not comprise an oxymoron but a logical partnership in resilience management. People and institutions engaged in Latin-American fisheries management have an opportunity to lead in the development of sustainable fisheries management with a resilience-based approach. Here we describe such an approach, and the steps necessary to ensure success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora","usgsCitation":"Angeler, D., Pope, K., and Allen, C.R., 2012, Saliendo del circulo vicioso: Gestiones alternativas para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la pesca: Revista Latinoamericana de Recursos Naturales, v. 8, no. 2, p. 76-89.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-045467","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275455,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.itson.mx/publicaciones/rlrn/Documents/v8-n2-4-saliendo-del-circulo-vicioso-gestiones-alternativas-para-garantizar-la-sostenibilidad-de-la-pesca.pdf"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a66e4b0a32220222f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeler, D.G.","contributorId":90619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, K.L.","contributorId":20454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046869,"text":"70046869 - 2012 - Coseismic and postseismic stress rotations due to great subduction zone earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-11T13:26:07","indexId":"70046869","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic and postseismic stress rotations due to great subduction zone earthquakes","docAbstract":"The three largest recent great subduction zone earthquakes (2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan; 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile; and 2004 M9.2 Sumatra-Andaman) exhibit similar coseismic rotations of the principal stress axes. Prior to each mainshock, the maximum compressive stress axis was shallowly plunging, while immediately after the mainshock, both the maximum and minimum compressive stress axes plunge at ~45°. Dipping faults can be oriented for either reverse or normal faulting in this post-mainshock stress field, depending on their dip, explaining the observed normal-faulting aftershocks without requiring a complete reversal of the stress field. The significant stress rotations imply near-complete stress drop in the mainshocks, with >80% of the pre-mainshock stress relieved in the Tohoku and Maule earthquakes and in the northern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture. The southern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture relieved ~60% of the pre-mainshock stress. The stress axes rotated back rapidly in the months following the Tohoku and Maule mainshocks, and similarly in the southern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture. A rapid postseismic rotation is possible because the near-complete stress drop leaves very little “background” stress at the beginning of the postseismic reloading. In contrast, there has been little or no postseismic rotation in the northern part of the Sumatra-Andaman rupture over the 7 years since the mainshock. All M ≥8.0 subduction earthquakes since 1990 with an adequate number of pre- and post-mainshock events were evaluated, and not all show similar coseismic stress rotations. Deeper earthquakes exhibit smaller coseismic stress rotations, likely due to increasing deviatoric stress with depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012GL053438","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., 2012, Coseismic and postseismic stress rotations due to great subduction zone earthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 21, L21313, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053438.","productDescription":"L21313","ipdsId":"IP-038781","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274704,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053438"}],"volume":"39","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfd3e1e4b0d332bf22f376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046851,"text":"70046851 - 2012 - Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-11T13:12:01","indexId":"70046851","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:01:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific","docAbstract":"A unique set of ferromanganese crusts and nodules collected from Shatsky Rise (SR), NW Pacific, were analyzed for mineralogical and chemical compositions, and dated using Be isotopes and cobalt chronometry. The composition of these midlatitude, deep-water deposits is markedly different from northwest-equatorial Pacific (PCZ) crusts, where most studies have been conducted. Crusts and nodules on SR formed in close proximity and some nodule deposits were cemented and overgrown by crusts, forming amalgamated deposits. The deep-water SR crusts are high in Cu, Li, and Th and low in Co, Te, and Tl concentrations compared to PCZ crusts. Thorium concentrations (ppm) are especially striking with a high of 152 (mean 56), compared to PCZ crusts (mean 11). The deep-water SR crusts show a diagenetic chemical signal, but not a diagenetic mineralogy, which together constrain the redox conditions to early oxic diagenesis. Diagenetic input to crusts is rare, but unequivocal in these deep-water crusts. Copper, Ni, and Li are strongly enriched in SR deep-water deposits, but only in layers older than about 3.4 Ma. Diagenetic reactions in the sediment and dissolution of biogenic calcite in the water column are the likely sources of these metals. The highest concentrations of Li are in crust layers that formed near the calcite compensation depth. The onset of Ni, Cu, and Li enrichment in the middle Miocene and cessation at about 3.4 Ma were accompanied by changes in the deep-water environment, especially composition and flow rates of water masses, and location of the carbonate compensation depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012GC004286","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Conrad, T., Frank, M., Christl, M., and Sager, W., 2012, Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 10, Q10022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004286.","productDescription":"Q10022","ipdsId":"IP-041319","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":274879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274878,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004286"}],"otherGeospatial":"Shatsky Rise","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 152.0,30.0 ], [ 152.0,44.0 ], [ 168.0,44.0 ], [ 168.0,30.0 ], [ 152.0,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfd3e1e4b0d332bf22f372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, T.A.","contributorId":21791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christl, M.","contributorId":76626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christl","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sager, W.W.","contributorId":54487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sager","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045100,"text":"70045100 - 2012 - Spectral damping scaling factors for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T12:54:41","indexId":"70045100","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:49:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":204,"text":"PEER Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2012/01","title":"Spectral damping scaling factors for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions","docAbstract":"Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for elastic response spectra, including the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) models, are typically developed at a 5% viscous damping ratio. In reality, however, structural and non-structural systems can have damping ratios other than 5%, depending on various factors such as structural types, construction materials, level of ground motion excitations, among others. This report provides the findings of a comprehensive study to develop a new model for a Damping Scaling Factor (DSF) that can be used to adjust the 5% damped spectral ordinates predicted by a GMPE to spectral ordinates with damping ratios between 0.5 to 30%. Using the updated, 2011 version of the NGA database of ground motions recorded in worldwide shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions (i.e., the NGA-West2 database), dependencies of the DSF on variables including damping ratio, spectral period, moment magnitude, source-to-site distance, duration, and local site conditions are examined. The strong influence of duration is captured by inclusion of both magnitude and distance in the DSF model. Site conditions are found to have less significant influence on DSF and are not included in the model. The proposed model for DSF provides functional forms for the median value and the logarithmic standard deviation of DSF. This model is heteroscedastic, where the variance is a function of the damping ratio. Damping Scaling Factor models are developed for the “average” horizontal ground motion components, i.e., RotD50 and GMRotI50, as well as the vertical component of ground motion.","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., Bozorgnia, Y., Idriss, I., Campbell, K., Abrahamson, N., and Silva, W., 2012, Spectral damping scaling factors for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions: PEER Report 2012/01, xiv, 142 p.","productDescription":"xiv, 142 p.","numberOfPages":"168","ipdsId":"IP-035624","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70045100.PNG"},{"id":275580,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_2012/webPEER-2012-01-REZAEIAN.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e065e4b0cecbe8fa98b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893 srezaeian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":4395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","email":"srezaeian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bozorgnia, Yousef","contributorId":40101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bozorgnia","given":"Yousef","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Idriss, I.M.","contributorId":105412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idriss","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Kenneth","contributorId":86246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman","contributorId":66990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, Walter","contributorId":50429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047256,"text":"70047256 - 2012 - Associations of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages with environmental variables in the upper Clear Creek watershed, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T12:36:37","indexId":"70047256","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages with environmental variables in the upper Clear Creek watershed, California","docAbstract":"Benthic macroinvertebrates are integral components of stream ecosystems and are often used to assess the ecological integrity of streams. We sampled streams in the upper Clear Creek drainage in the Klamath—Siskiyou Ecoregion of northwestern California in fall 2004 (17 sites) and 2005 (original 17 plus 4 new sites) with the objectives of documenting the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages supported by the streams in the area, determining how those assemblages respond to environmental variables, assessing the biological condition of the streams using a benthic index of biotic integrity (IBI), and understanding the assemblages in the context of biodiversity of the ecoregion. We collected both reach-wide (RW) and targeted-riffle (TR) macroinvertebrate samples at each site. The macroinvertebrate assemblages were diverse, with over 150 genera collected for each sampling protocol. The macroinvertebrate assemblages appeared to be most responsive to a general habitat gradient based on stream size, gradient, flow, and dominance of riffles. A second important habitat gradient was based on elevation and dominance of riffles. A gradient in water quality based on concentrations of dissolved ions and metals was also important. Models based on these 3 gradients had Spearman's rank correlations with macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition of 0.60 and 0.50 for the TR and RW samples, respectively. The majority (>50%) of the sites were in good or very good biological condition based on IBI scores. The diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages is associated with the diversity of habitats available in the Klamath—Siskiyou Ecoregion. Maintaining the aquatic habitats in good condition is important in itself but is also vital to maintaining biodiversity in this diverse and unique ecoregion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0406","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., May, J., and Wulff, M., 2012, Associations of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages with environmental variables in the upper Clear Creek watershed, California: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 4, p. 473-494, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0406.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"494","ipdsId":"IP-034234","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss4/6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":275492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275480,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3398/064.072.0406"},{"id":275479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0406"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clear Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ebe2e4b0838938b2803d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wulff, Marissa 0000-0003-0121-9066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-9066","contributorId":88633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"Marissa","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046828,"text":"70046828 - 2012 - A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:20:01","indexId":"70046828","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:09:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007","docAbstract":"The eruptive activity of a volcano is fundamentally controlled by the rate of magma supply. At Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, the rate of magma rising from a source within Earth’s mantle, through the Hawaiian hotspot, was thought to have been relatively steady in recent decades. Here we show that the magma supply to Kīlauea at least doubled during 2003–2007, resulting in dramatic changes in eruptive activity and the formation of new eruptive vents. An initial indication of the surge in supply was an increase in CO2 emissions during 2003–2004, combined with the onset of inflation of Kīlauea’s summit, measured using the Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Inflation was not limited to the summit magma reservoirs, but was recorded as far as 50 km from the summit, implying the existence of a connected magma system over that distance. We also record increases in SO2 emissions, heightened seismicity, and compositional and temperature variations in erupted lavas. The increase in the volume of magma passing through and stored within Kīlauea, coupled with increased CO2 emissions, indicate a mantle source for the magma surge. We suggest that magma supply from the Hawaiian hotspot can vary over timescales of years, and that CO2 emissions could be a valuable aid for assessing variations in magma supply at Kīlauea and other volcanoes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1426","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., Miklius, A., Sutton, A.J., and Thornber, C.R., 2012, A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 295-300, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1426.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-031023","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1426"},{"id":274760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.7984,19.0582 ], [ -155.7984,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.0582 ], [ -155.7984,19.0582 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30e4e4b0f72b44719c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutton, A. 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2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Hanna, Laramie, and Shirley Basins, Wyoming: Chapter C in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024C","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Hanna, Laramie, and Shirley Basins, Wyoming: Chapter C in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70049006,"text":"ofr20121024E - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","indexId":"ofr20121024E","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 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2013 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas","indexId":"ofr20121024F","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Arkoma Basin, Kansas Basins, and Midcontinent Rift Basin study areas"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70074646,"text":"ofr20121024H - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","indexId":"ofr20121024H","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Gulf Coast"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 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2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20121024I","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":9},{"subject":{"id":70119566,"text":"ofr20121024J - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Williston Basin, Central Montana Basins, and Montana Thrust Belt study areas","indexId":"ofr20121024J","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Williston Basin, Central Montana Basins, and Montana Thrust Belt study areas"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 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2015 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources─South Florida Basin: Chapter L in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024L","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources─South Florida Basin: Chapter L in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":12},{"subject":{"id":70170801,"text":"ofr20121024M - 2016 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins: Chapter M in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024M","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources—Southern Rocky Mountain Basins: Chapter M in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 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The geologic sequestration of CO2 is one possible way to mitigate its effects on climate change. The methodology used for the national CO2 assessment (Open-File Report 2010-1127; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1127/) is based on previous USGS probabilistic oil and gas assessment methodologies. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. The operational unit of the assessment is a storage assessment unit (SAU), composed of a porous storage formation with fluid flow and an overlying sealing unit with low permeability. Assessments are conducted at the SAU level and are aggregated to basinal and regional results. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of SAUs in separate packages of sedimentary rocks within the assessed basin and focuses on the particular characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in those SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU such as depth to top, gross thickness, net porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps are provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included here will be employed, as specified in the methodology, to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage space in the various SAUs. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through the sealing unit into the top of the storage formation. Wells sharing the same well borehole are treated as a single penetration. Cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data, a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on cell maps.
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GNATS sampled a period of extremes in precipitation and river discharge (4 of the 8 wettest years of the last century occurred between 2005 and 2010). Coincident with increased precipitation, we observed the following shifts: (1) decreased salinity and density within the surface waters of the western GoM; (2) both reduced temperature and vertical temperature gradients in the upper 50 m; (3) increased colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentrations and particle scattering in the western GoM; (4) increased concentrations of nitrate and phosphate across all but the eastern GoM; (5) increased silicate, particularly in the western GoM, with a sharp increase in the ratio of silicate to dissolved inorganic nitrogen; (6) sharply decreased carbon fixation by phytoplankton; (7) moderately decreased chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in the central GoM and (8) decreased POC- and PIC-specific growth rates. Gulf-wide anomaly analyses suggest that (1) the surface density changes were predominantly driven by temperature, (2) dissolved nutrients, as well as POC/PON, varied in Redfield ratios and (3) anomalies for salinity, density, CDOM, particle backscattering and silicate were significantly correlated with river discharge. Precipitation and river discharge appear to be playing a critical role in controlling the long-term productivity of the Gulf of Maine by supplying CDOM and detrital material, which ultimately competes with phytoplankton for light absorption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps09555","usgsCitation":"Balch, W.M., Drapeau, D., Bowler, B., and Huntington, T.G., 2012, Step-changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Gulf of Maine, as documented by the GNATS time series: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 450, p. 11-35, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09555.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-033967","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09555","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09555"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.1074,41.526 ], [ -71.1074,44.8345 ], [ -65.6683,44.8345 ], [ -65.6683,41.526 ], [ -71.1074,41.526 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e519efe4b069f8d27ccb3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balch, William M.","contributorId":54095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drapeau, D.T.","contributorId":64136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drapeau","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowler, B.C.","contributorId":45986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047048,"text":"70047048 - 2012 - Integrated characterization of the geologic framework of a contaminated site in West Trenton, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-17T11:56:23","indexId":"70047048","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated characterization of the geologic framework of a contaminated site in West Trenton, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Fractured sedimentary bedrock and groundwater at the former Naval Air Warfare Center in West Trenton, New Jersey (United States of America) are contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Predicting contaminant migration or removing the contaminants requires an understanding of the geology. Consequently, the geologic framework near the site was characterized with four different methods having different spatial scales: geologic field mapping, analyses of bedrock drill core, analyses of soil and regolith, and S-wave refraction surveys. A fault zone is in the southeast corner of the site and separates two distinct sedimentary formations; the fault zone dips (steeply) southeasterly, strikes northeasterly, and extends at least 550 m along its strike direction. Drill core from the fault zone is extensively brecciated and includes evidence of tectonic contraction. Approximately 300 m east of this fault zone is another fault zone, which offsets the contact between the two sedimentary formations. 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However, states may miss the species that are at the most risk at rangewide scales, and threats such as novel diseases and climate change increasingly act at regional and national levels. Regional collaborations among states and their partners have had impressive successes, and several federal programs now incorporate state priorities. However, regional collaborations are uneven across the country, and no national counterpart exists to support efforts at that scale. A national conservation-support program could fill this gap and could work across the conservation community to identify large-scale conservation needs and support efforts to meet them. 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