{"pageNumber":"1568","pageRowStart":"39175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":10326,"text":"ofr79952 - 1979 - Seismic, magnetic, and geotechnical properties of a landslide and clinker deposits, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:23","indexId":"ofr79952","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-952","title":"Seismic, magnetic, and geotechnical properties of a landslide and clinker deposits, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"Exploitation of vast coal and other resources in the Powder River Basin has caused recent, rapid increases in population and in commercial and residential development and has prompted land utilization studies. Two aspects of land utilization were studied for this report: (1) the seismic and geotechnical properties of a landslide and (2) the seismic, magnetic, and geotechnical properties of clinker deposits. \r\n\r\n(1) The landslide seismic survey revealed two layers in the slide area. The upper (low-velocity) layer is a relatively weak mantle of colluvium and unconsolidated and weathered bedrock that ranges in thickness from 3.0 to 7.5 m and has an average seismic velocity of about 390 m/s. It overlies high-velocity, relatively strong sedimentary bedrock that has velocities greater than about 1330 m/s. The low-velocity layer is also present at the other eight seismic refraction sites in the basin; a similar layer has also been \r\nreported in the Soviet Union in a landslide area over similar bedrock. The buried contact of the low- and high-velocity layers is relatively smooth and is nearly parallel with the restored topographic surface. There is no indication that any of the high-velocity layer (bedrock) has been displaced or removed. \r\n\r\nThe seismic data also show that the shear modulus of the low-velocity layer is only about one-tenth that of the high-velocity layer and the shear strength (at failure) is only about one-thirtieth. Much of the slide failure is clearly in the shear mode, and failure is, therefore, concluded to be confined to the low-velocity layer. The major immediate factor contributing to landslide failure is apparently the addition of moisture to the low-velocity layer. \r\n\r\nThe study implies that the low-velocity layer can be defined over some of the basin by seismic surveys and that they can help predict or delineate potential slides. Preventative actions that could then be taken include avoidance, dewatering, prevention of saturation, buttressing the toe, and unloading the head. The low-velocity layer is usually less than about 5 m thick and may be excavated by dozing, whereas the bedrock must be blasted. Thus, it would seem economically feasible to underpin a structure to nonweathered bedrock or, perhaps, to remove the low-velocity layer prior to construction. \r\n\r\n(2) Many coal beds in the Powder River Basin have burned along their outcrops, and the resulting intense heat has baked and fused the overlying clastic (sedimentary) rocks into clinkers. The clinkers are very magnetic and a buried edge of a single layer of burn can easily be located by magnetic prospecting methods. Location of the edge is very important in estimating unburned coal deposits, locating clinker quarries, and planning drilling of seismic reflection lines.\r\n\r\nThe clinkers are very porous and highly fractured,-and seismic and geotechnical tests show that they have relatively low strength and competency. Many of the laboratory tests, however, are inherently biased because the clinkers are so highly fractured that only competent samples are selected. The laboratory tests, for example, show that clinkers must be loosened by heavy ripping tractors or blasting, whereas the field data and practical experience indicate that clinkers may be mined with light equipment. \r\n\r\nHeavy structures such as coal silos and bridge abutments may have to be sited on clinkers. However, differential settlement may occur, with failure in the shear mode, because chimneys of relatively greater strength occur among the weaker clinkers. Preliminary data indicate that the chimneys may be located by magnetic or possibly seismic surveys. Special foundation-preparation techniques could be used or, perhaps, the chimneys could be avoided altogether at a construction site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79952","usgsCitation":"Miller, C., 1979, Seismic, magnetic, and geotechnical properties of a landslide and clinker deposits, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-952, iv, 47 p.:ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79952.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.:ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0952/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0952/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C.H.","contributorId":19148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27647,"text":"wri7858 - 1979 - Water budget and hydraulic aspects of artificial recharge, south coast of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T11:01:57","indexId":"wri7858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-58","title":"Water budget and hydraulic aspects of artificial recharge, south coast of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"An analog model was used to evaluate ground-water conditions on the south coast of Puerto Rico. Water levels during a normal period and during an extended drought were simulated. Recharge and discharge values are reported. The model was also used to evaluate the possibilities of using treated waste water to recharge the aquifer. Three methods were considered: infiltration basins, injection, and irrigation. The tests were planned to determine what changes in water levels would result if certain rates of application were used. Because of the limited vertical hydraulic conductivity, irrigation is suggested as the most practical method of waste-water use. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7858","usgsCitation":"Heisel, J.E., and Gonzalez, J.R., 1979, Water budget and hydraulic aspects of artificial recharge, south coast of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-58, viii, 102 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7858.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.25830078125,\n 17.910795834978483\n ],\n [\n -65.7861328125,\n 17.910795834978483\n ],\n [\n -65.7861328125,\n 18.083200903334312\n ],\n [\n -67.25830078125,\n 18.083200903334312\n ],\n [\n -67.25830078125,\n 17.910795834978483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisel, J. E.","contributorId":103252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Jose Raul","contributorId":29023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Raul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6162,"text":"pp1130 - 1979 - Hydrologic and human aspects of the 1976-77 drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1130","title":"Hydrologic and human aspects of the 1976-77 drought","docAbstract":"The drought of 1976-77 was the most severe in at least 50 years in many parts of the United States. Record low amounts of rainfall, snowfall, and runoff, and increased withdrawals of ground water were prevalent. The use of carry-over storage in reservoirs during 1976 maintained streamflow at near normal levels, but some reservoirs went dry or dropped below the outlet works in 1977. Carry-over storage in the fall of 1977 was very low. Ground-water levels were at or near record low levels in many aquifers, hundreds of wells went dry, and thousands of wells were drilled. Yet no wide-spread deterioration of ground-water quality was reported. Water-quality problems arose in some streams and lakes, but most were localized and of short duration. Water rationing became a way of life in numerous areas , and water was hauled in many rural areas and to a few towns. Water use was affected by legal agreements or decisions, some of which were modified for the duration of the drought, and by the inability of water managers to efficiently manage surface and ground waters as one resource under existing law. There are still many drought related problems to solve and many challenges to be met before the next drought occurs. The advancement of techniques in many fields of endeavor in recent years plus ongoing, planned, and proposed research on drought and the risks involved are promising thrusts that should make it easier to cope with the next drought. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1130","usgsCitation":"Matthai, H.F., 1979, Hydrologic and human aspects of the 1976-77 drought: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1130, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1130.","productDescription":"84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33266,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthai, Howard F.","contributorId":106491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthai","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6058,"text":"pp1136 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9682,"text":"ofr79270 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"ofr79270","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6058,"text":"pp1136 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"pp1136","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T12:46:45","indexId":"pp1136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1136","title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","docAbstract":"A coupled flow-temperature model has been developed and verified for a 27.9-km reach of the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Norcross, Ga. Flow in this reach of the Chattahoochee is continuous but highly regulated by Buford Dam, a flood-control and hydroelectric facility located near Buford, Ga. Calibration and verification utilized two sets of data collected under highly unsteady discharge conditions. Existing solution techniques, with certain minor improvements, were applied to verify the existing technology of flow and transport modeling. \r\n\r\nThe linear, implicit finite-difference flow model was calibrated by use of a depth profile obtained at steady low flow and unsteady flow data obtained in March 1976. During the calibration period, the model was generally able to reproduce observed stages to within 0.15 m and discharges at less than 100 m 3 /s, to within 5 percent. Peak discharges of about 200 m 3 /s were under-estimated by about 20 percent. During the verification period, October 1975, the flow model reproduced observed stage changes to within about 0.15 m, and its timing and over-all performance was considered to be very good. \r\n\r\nDye was added to the upstream end of the river reach at a constant rate while the river flow was highly unsteady. The numerical solution of either the conservative or nonconservative form of the mass-transport equation did an excellent job of simulating the observed concentrations of dye in the river. \r\n\r\nThe temperature model was capable of predicting temperature changes through this reach of as large as 5.8?C with a RMS (root-mean-square) error of 0.32?C in October 1975 and 0.20?C in March 1976. \r\n\r\nHydropulsation has a significant effect on the water temperature below Buford Dam. These effects are very complicated because they are quite dependent on the timing of the release with respect to both the time of day and past releases.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1136","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., and Keefer, T.N., 1979, Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1136, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1136.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":33058,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69990c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7445,"text":"ofr791206 - 1979 - Preliminary report on drilling in and near the San Andreas fault zone, California; Dry Lake Valley No. 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:45:39.20105","indexId":"ofr791206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1206","title":"Preliminary report on drilling in and near the San Andreas fault zone, California; Dry Lake Valley No. 1","docAbstract":"

The purpose of drilling into the San Andreas fault zone is threefold. First, recovery of material from depth will permit determination of the composition and constitutive properties of both solid and fluid phases. Second, it will enable measurements of the physical state of the fault zone to be made (that is, the state of in-situ stress, pore pressure, and temperature). Finally, it will allow emplacement of instruments at depth in the fault zone as part of experiments related to earthquake prediction.

This report briefly describes the drilling history and preliminary analysis of fault zone materials from site Dry Lake Valley (DLV) No. 1 (Fig. 1). The site is located at Lat. 36028.09'N, Long. 12103.32'W. This site was chosen in an attempt to drill a 1 km deep well that would reach earthquake foci. Although the entire central section of the San Andreas fault is characterized by moderate seismicity and aseismic creep, Dry Lake Valley has particularly shallow earthquakes as well as a fairly high creep rate (18-20 mm/year, S. Schultz, pers. comm.). Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section along the San Andreas fault showing high precision locations of magnitude one or greater earthquakes that occurred in 1973-1975 (from W. Ellsworth, per. comm.). The depth accuracy of the earthquakes shown is about ± 0.5 km, and it is obvious from Figure 2 that Dry Lake Valley earthquakes are extremely shallow.

As shown in Figure 1 the general geology of the central section of the San Andreas fault consists of Tertiary to Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks overlying Cretaceous age Gabilan granite of the Salinian Block on the west side of the fault and Cretaceous-Jurassic sedimentary assemblages of the Franciscan Complex to the east of the fault. Dibblee (1979) summarizes the geology along the central San Andreas fault. At the Dry Lake Valley site as much as 2 km of Pliocene-Miocene marine sediments (Etchegoin and Santa Margarita formation) overlie Franciscan rocks on the northeast side of the San Andreas fault. On the southwestern side of the fault, 1-2 km of Pliocene-Miocene valley sediments and granitic conglomerate overlies the Gabilan granite.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791206","usgsCitation":"Roller, J.C., Zoback, M.D., Raleigh, C., and Liechti, R., 1979, Preliminary report on drilling in and near the San Andreas fault zone, California; Dry Lake Valley No. 1: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1206, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791206.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424208,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1206/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Dry Lake Valley, San Andreas fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1304821047622,\n 36.76699348900142\n ],\n [\n -121.1304821047622,\n 35.846256286535905\n ],\n [\n -119.449573901637,\n 35.846256286535905\n ],\n [\n -119.449573901637,\n 36.76699348900142\n ],\n [\n -121.1304821047622,\n 36.76699348900142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roller, John C.","contributorId":60642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raleigh, C.B.","contributorId":40219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liechti, R.P.","contributorId":67510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liechti","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26826,"text":"wri7844 - 1979 - Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake, Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-05T15:15:23","indexId":"wri7844","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-44","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake, Snohomish County, Washington","docAbstract":"

A study of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake in 1975 showed that the lake has no well-defined surface-water inflow and that thermal stratification is well established in summer. The water is of a calcium bicarbonate type, which is typical of lakes in western Washington.

Biological productivity in the lake was low, as indicated by low to moderate chlorophyll a concentrations, by the general lack of submersed plants on the lake bottom, and by the moderate dissolved-oxygen depletion in the deeper zones during thermal stratification. The productivity probably was limited by the amount of phosphorus available. Increased productivity and the resulting growth of nuisance plants can be avoided by limiting phosphate inputs to the lake to their present or lesser rates.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7844","usgsCitation":"Dion, N.P., 1979, Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake, Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-44, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7844.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Snohomish County","otherGeospatial":"Ross Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23301768302919,\n 48.09022030705596\n ],\n [\n -122.22711682319641,\n 48.09022030705596\n ],\n [\n -122.22711682319641,\n 48.09355258854631\n ],\n [\n -122.23301768302919,\n 48.09355258854631\n ],\n [\n -122.23301768302919,\n 48.09022030705596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28262,"text":"wri7926 - 1979 - Simulated changes in ground-water levels and streamflow resulting from future development (1970 to 2020) in the Platte River basin, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:17:36","indexId":"wri7926","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-26","title":"Simulated changes in ground-water levels and streamflow resulting from future development (1970 to 2020) in the Platte River basin, Nebraska","docAbstract":"

Future changes in ground-water levels and streamflow caused by a limited set of water-resources development conditions were simulated with digital models of stream-aquifer systems within the Platte River Basin, Nebraska. Simulated water-resources use in the basin included private development of ground water for irrigation, Federal development of surface-water systems for irrigation, and development of ground water to supply municipal demands of Lincoln and Omaha.

Simulated future conditions indicate that significant permanent declines in ground-water levels and streamflows may occur as a result of private development of ground water for irrigation. The largest simulated declines in ground-water levels were more than 80 feet by the year 2020 in upland areas in the Elkhorn and Middle Platte subbasins under conditions of rapid development of all irrigable lands. Simulated depletion of perennial streamflows by ground-water withdrawals indicated that future surface-water supplies may be limited in parts of the basin. Simulated depletions to major streams exceeded 60 percent of average perennial flow in the Elkhorn subbasin under conditions of rapid private development of ground water for irrigation.

Simulations that evaluated the effects of combined private groundwater development with proposed Federal development of surface water for irrigation showed that in the project areas, ground-water level declines were reduced compared to \"without project\" conditions. In some project areas, simulated ground-water levels rose with the application of surface water in excess of consumptive-use requirements and soil-moisture storage capacities. The ground-water level rises would lead to waterlogged conditions in parts of the Middle Platte subbasin.

The accuracy of the models developed in this study would be improved most by collection of additional data on ground-water withdrawals and storage properties at the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7926","usgsCitation":"Lappala, E., Emery, P.A., and Otradovsky, F., 1979, Simulated changes in ground-water levels and streamflow resulting from future development (1970 to 2020) in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-26, Report: vii, 82 p.; 9 Plates: 19.40 x 10.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7926.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 82 p.; 9 Plates: 19.40 x 10.03 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359301,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359302,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359303,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359304,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359305,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359306,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359307,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359308,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359309,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49aee4b07f02db5c7a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lappala, E.G.","contributorId":17996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lappala","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otradovsky, F.J.","contributorId":70438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otradovsky","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7126,"text":"ofr791187 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7126,"text":"ofr791187 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","indexId":"ofr791187","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70012304,"text":"70012304 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","indexId":"70012304","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70012304,"text":"70012304 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","indexId":"70012304","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T14:40:14.412878","indexId":"ofr791187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1187","title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"

A zircon study has been made on 11 samples of igneous rocks from the Saudi Arabian craton. Ages of sized and magnetic fractions of zircon concentrates show variable degrees of discordance, which seem to result from a very young disturbance that produces linear arrays in the Concordia plot. Model age calculations based on a statistically and geologically reasonable lower intercept produce very consistent internal relationships. The Pan African Orogeny, considered to be responsible for loss of radiogenic argon and strontium from minerals of many rocks, does not appear to have affected the zircon data, even though uplift had exposed the rocks of the Arabian Shield at that time.

Tonalite, granodiorite, and crosscutting leuco-adamellite bodies in the southern part of the An Nimas batholith yield ages in the time range 820-760 m.y. A narrow time range of 660 to 665 million years was indicated for ages of widely separated and compositionally different intrusive bodies all to the east of the An Nimas batholith. This work suggests that the younger end of the age spectrum established from regional K-Ar and Rb-Sr measurements may be underestimated, and that magmatic activity could have been more episodic than previously assumed.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791187","usgsCitation":"Cooper, J., Stacey, J.S., Stoeser, D.B., and Fleck, R., 1979, An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1187, i, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791187.","productDescription":"i, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1187/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 33.7939453125,\n 16.678293098288513\n ],\n [\n 57.7001953125,\n 16.678293098288513\n ],\n [\n 57.7001953125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n 33.7939453125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n 33.7939453125,\n 16.678293098288513\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"SA(IR) 257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, J.A.","contributorId":57005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeser, D. B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3789,"text":"cir809 - 1979 - Status of surface-water modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir809","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"809","title":"Status of surface-water modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is active in the development and use of models for the analysis of various types of surface-water problems. Types of problems for which models have been, or are being developed, include categories such as the following: (1)specialized hydraulics, (2)flow routing in streams, estuaries, lakes, and reservoirs, (3) sedimentation, (4) transport of physical, chemical, and biological constituents, (5) surface exchange of heat and mass, (6) coupled stream-aquifer flow systems, (7) physical hydrology for rainfall-runoff relations, stream-system simulations, channel geometry, and water quality, (8) statistical hydrology for synthetic streamflows, floods, droughts, storage, and water quality, (9) management and operation problems, and (10) miscellaneous hydrologic problems. Following a brief review of activities prior to 1970, the current status of surface-water modeling is given as being in a developmental, verification, operational, or continued improvement phase. A list of recently published selected references, provides useful details on the characteristics of models.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir809","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., and Yotsukura, N., 1979, Status of surface-water modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 809, iii, 17 p. ; 26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir809.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p. ; 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0809/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0809/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yotsukura, Nobuhiro","contributorId":81884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yotsukura","given":"Nobuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30316,"text":"wri7974 - 1979 - Use of the STORM model for estimating the quantity and quality of runoff from the metropolitan area of Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T12:15:17","indexId":"wri7974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-74","title":"Use of the STORM model for estimating the quantity and quality of runoff from the metropolitan area of Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"

The \"STORM\" model, developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was selected from existing models and adapted to use available data to compute runoff from the Houston, Texas, area and to compute the loads and concentrations of biochemicaloxygen demand, dissolved solids, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and fecal-coliform bacteria. The water-quality data simulated by the STORM model will be used by the Texas Department of Water Resources to refine and verify a model of the Calveston Bay estuarine system. 

\n

Discharge and precipitation data for the 1975 water year and all available waterquality analyses were used to calibrate the model for the Buffalo, Whiteoak, Brays, Sims, Hunting, Greens, and Vince Bayous. Data for the 1974 water year were used to verify the model for discharge. After verification, the calibrations were adjusted to balance the difference between the 1974 and 1975 error predictions for discharge. The adjusted model was used with records of precipitation and evaporation to simulate a 20-vear record of the quantity and quality of runoff from the modeled area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri7974","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., Massey, B.C., and Jennings, M.E., 1979, Use of the STORM model for estimating the quantity and quality of runoff from the metropolitan area of Houston, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-74, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7974.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59108,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.8941650390625,\n 29.463514026304715\n ],\n [\n -95.8941650390625,\n 30.197366063272245\n ],\n [\n -94.8944091796875,\n 30.197366063272245\n ],\n [\n -94.8944091796875,\n 29.463514026304715\n ],\n [\n -95.8941650390625,\n 29.463514026304715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cce4b07f02db5d9248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massey, Bernard C.","contributorId":173558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massey","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8090,"text":"ofr791482 - 1979 - Water-quality assessment of the L'Anguille River basin, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-30T18:04:59.044611","indexId":"ofr791482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1482","title":"Water-quality assessment of the L'Anguille River basin, Arkansas","docAbstract":"

For several years, dissolved oxygen in the L'Anguille River has been reduced to concentrations of less than 5.0 milligrams per liter during the summer and fall. The dissolved-oxygen reduction is due only in part to the municipal-waste discharges which enter the river. In addition, concentrations of pesticides have been reported consistently at one long-term station on the river, and trace metals have been reported at two long-term monitoring sites.

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an intensive study of the L'Anguille River basin during the summer and fall of 1978. This study was done in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology to fulfill the requirements of section 208 of Public Law 92-500. An assessment of the general water quality was made, the causes of stream-dissolved-oxygen reductions were determined, and the occurrence of pesticides and trace metals in the basin was documented. A steady-state, segmented, dissolved-oxygen model was calibrated and used to project simulated dissolved-oxygen profiles.

Pesticides are used extensively in the basin and their occurrence in streams throughout the basin is documented. Concentrations of DDT from the river were as high as 110 micrograms per kilogram in streambed material, whereas 1,600 micrograms per kilogram of DDE and 530 micrograms per kilogram of DDD were found in bottom-feeding fish. In addition, toxaphene concentrations of 45 micrograms per kilogram were found in streambed material and concentrations of 3,400 micrograms per kilogram were found in fish.

Concentrations of iron and manganese, at times, exceeded recommended limits for human consumption. Also, dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate occasionally exceeded the water-quality standards set by the State.

Streambed materials consist of deposited sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. The respiration of bacteria, fungi, and benthic invertebrates, which feed on the organic matter, accounts for most of the dissolved-oxygen reduction in the river. The sources of the streambed materials include municipal wastes, agricultural fertilizers, fluvial sediment, and natural organic matter. Model projections indicate that a reduction of 60 percent in the streambed-oxygen demand would allow the stream-dissolved-oxygen concentrations to remain at or greater than 5.0 milligrams per liter.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Charles T.","contributorId":8438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Edward E.","contributorId":10038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terry, J. E.","contributorId":87930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10043,"text":"ofr791076 - 1979 - Preliminary report on Tertiary volcanism and uranium mineralization in the Thomas Range and northern Drum Mountains, Juab County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T19:19:50.716151","indexId":"ofr791076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1076","title":"Preliminary report on Tertiary volcanism and uranium mineralization in the Thomas Range and northern Drum Mountains, Juab County, Utah","docAbstract":"

The Thomas Range and northern Drum Mountains have a history of volcanism, faulting, and mineralization that began about 42 m.y. ago. Volcanic activity and mineralization in the area can be divided into three stages according to the time-related occurrence of rock types, trace element associations, and chemical nature of mineralization. Volcanic activity switched abruptly from rhyodacite-quartz latite (42-39 m.y. ago) to rhyolite (38-32 m.y. ago) to alkali rhyolite stages (21 and 6-7 m.y. ago); these stages correspond to periods of chalcophile and siderophile metal mineralization, no mineralization, and lithophile metal mineralization, respectively. Angular unconformities record episodes of cauldron collapse and block faulting between the stages of volcanic activity and mineralization. The youngest angular unconformity formed between 21 and 7 m.y. ago during basin-and-range faulting.

Early rhyodacite-quartz latite volcanism from composite volcanoes and fissures produced flows, breccias, and ash-flow tuff of the Drum Mountains Rhyodacite and Mt. Laird Tuff. Eruption of the Mt. Laird Tuff about 39 m.y. ago from an area north of Joy townsite was accompanied by collapse of the Thomas caldera. Part of the roof of the magma chamber did not collapse, or the magma was resurgent, as is indicated by porphyry dikes and plugs in the Drum Mountains. Chalcophile and siderophile metal mineralization, including copper, gold, and manganese, accompanied early volcanism.

The middle stage of volcanic activity was characterized by explosive eruption of rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs and collapse of the Dugway Valley cauldron. Eruption of the Joy Tuff 38 m.y. ago was accompanied by subsidence of this cauldron and followed by collapse and sliding of Paleozoic rocks from the west wall of the cauldron. Landslides in The Dell were covered by the Dell Tuff, erupted 32 m.y. ago from an unknown source to the east. An ash-flow of the Needles Range Formation was erupted 30-31 m.y. ago, probably from a distant source outside the volcanic field. The rhyolitic stage of volcanism was barren of mineralization.

The last stage of volcanism was contemporaneous with basin-and-range faulting and was characterized by explosive eruption of ash and pumice, forming stratified tuff, and by quiet eruption of alkali rhyolite as viscous flows and domes. The first episode of alkali rhyolite volcanism deposited the beryllium tuff and porphyritic rhyolite members of the Spor Mountain Formation 21 m.y. ago. After a period of block faulting, the stratified tuff and alkali rhyolite of the Topaz Mountain Rhyolite were erupted 6-7 m.y. ago along faults and fault intersections. Erosion of Spor Mountain may have provided abundant dolomite detritus to the beryllium tuff member. The alkali rhyolite of both formations is fluorine-rich, as is evident from abundant topaz, and contains anomalous amounts of lithophile metals. Alkali rhyolite volcanism was accompanied by lithophile metal mineralization which deposited fluorite, beryllium, and uranium.

The structure of the area is dominated by the Thomas caldera, and the younger Dugway Valley cauldron, which is nested within the Thomas caldera; the Thomas caldera is surrounded by a rim of Paleozoic rocks at Spor Mountain and Paleozoic to Precambrian rocks in the Drum Mountains. The Joy fault and Dell fault system mark the ring fracture zone of the Thomas caldera. These structural features began to form about 39 m.y. ago during eruption of the Mt. Laird Tuff and cauldon subsidence. The Dugway Valley cauldron sank along a series of step-like normal faults southeast of Topaz Mountain in response to collapse of the magma chamber of the Joy Tuff. The caldera structure was modified by block faulting between 21 and 7 m.y. ago, the time of widespread extensional faulting in the basin-and-range province. Vents erupted alkali rhyolite 6-7 m.y. ago along basin-and-range faults.

Uranium mineralization was associated with the stage of alkali rhyolite volcanism, extensional basin-and-range faulting, and lithophile metal mineralization; it occurred at least 11 m.y. after the end of the caldera cycle. Uranium, derived from alkali rhyolite magma, was concentrated in trace amounts by magmatic fluids and in potentially economic amounts by hydrothermal fluids and ground water. Hydrothermal fluids deposited uraniferous fluorite as pipes in carbonate rocks of Paleozoic age on Spor Mountain and uranium-bearing disseminated deposits of fluorite and beryllium in the beryllium tuff member of the Spor Mountain Formation. Uranium of hydrothermal origin is dispersed in fluorite and opal. Uranium in fluorite may be tetravalent(?) but that in opal is probably hexavalent; no primary minerals of tetravalent uranium are known to occur. Ground waters have concentrated significant ores of hexavalent uranium minerals in the beryllium tuff member of the Spor Mountain Formation at the Yellow Chief Mine, and are probably also responsible for widespread low concentrations (0.0X percent) of uranium that occur separately from beryllium ore in the beryllium tuff member. More deposits of the Yellow Chief type may occur in down-faulted sections of beryllium tuff beneath the Thomas Range. The ground water ores show no evidence of a reducing environment; instead, precipitation of hexavalent uranium minerals occurred by evaporation, decline in concentration of complexing ions such as carbonate, or some other mechanism. Reducing environments for hydrothermal deposits must be sought around rhyolite vents and in a hypothesized pluton of alkali rhyolite composition beneath Spor Mountain; for ground-water deposits, reducing environments may occur in basin fill such as that of the Dugway Valley cauldron.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791076","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D., 1979, Preliminary report on Tertiary volcanism and uranium mineralization in the Thomas Range and northern Drum Mountains, Juab County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1076, iii, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791076.","productDescription":"iii, 101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1076/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County","otherGeospatial":"Drum Mountains, Thomas Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.34409375798417,\n 39.76215545120101\n ],\n [\n -113.34409375798417,\n 39.453214061180944\n ],\n [\n -112.84421582829695,\n 39.453214061180944\n ],\n [\n -112.84421582829695,\n 39.76215545120101\n ],\n [\n -113.34409375798417,\n 39.76215545120101\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David Allen","contributorId":25155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1142,"text":"wsp1757O - 1979 - The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18481,"text":"ofr78892 - 1978 - The corrosive well waters of Egypt's Western Desert","indexId":"ofr78892","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"The corrosive well waters of Egypt's Western Desert"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1142,"text":"wsp1757O - 1979 - The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert","indexId":"wsp1757O","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"chapter":"O","title":"The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1757O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"O","title":"The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert","docAbstract":"The discovery that ground waters of Egypt's Western Desert are highly corrosive is lost in antiquity. Inhabitants of the oases have been aware of the troublesome property for many decades and early investigators mention it in their reports concerning the area. Introduction of modern well-drilling techniques and replacements of native wood casing with steel during the 20th century increased corrosion problems and, in what is called the New Valley Project, led to an intense search for causes and corrective treatments. This revealed that extreme corrosiveness results from combined effects of relatively acidic waters with significant concentrations of destructive sulfide ion; unfavorable ratios of sulfate and chloride to less aggressive ions; mineral equilibria and electrode potential which hinder formation of protective films; relative high chemical reaction rates because of abnormal temperatures, and high surface velocities related to well design. \r\n\r\nThere is general agreement among investigators that conventional corrosion control methods such as coating metal surfaces, chemical treatment of the water, and electrolytic protection with impressed current and sacrificial electrodes are ineffective or impracticable for wells in the Western Desert's New Valley. Thus, control must be sought through the use of materials more resistant to corrosion than plain carbon steel wherever well screens and casings are necessary. Of the alternatives considered, stainless steel appears to. be the most promising where high strength and long-term services are required and the alloy's relatively high cost is acceptable. Epoxy resin-bonded fiberglass and wood appear to be practicable, relatively inexpensive alternatives for installations which do. not exceed their strength limitations. Other materials such as high strength aluminum and Monel Metal have shown sufficient promise to. merit their consideration in particular locations and uses. The limited experience with pumping in these desert wells leaves uncertainties concerning the durability of conventional pump designs. \r\n\r\nEgypt's New Valley Project provides an excellent opportunity for continuing study of the corrosion problems that concern ground-water developers in many parts of the world.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757O","usgsCitation":"Clarke, F., 1979, The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, v, 55 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757O.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757o/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757o/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66890d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Frank Eldridge","contributorId":107255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank Eldridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9595,"text":"ofr8015 - 1979 - Projected effects of intermittent changes in withdrawal of water from the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:14","indexId":"ofr8015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-15","title":"Projected effects of intermittent changes in withdrawal of water from the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Effects on streamflows and ground-water levels attributable to a proposed intermittent change in use and sites of withdrawal of 3 ,146 acre-feet of water from the Arikaree aquifer in central Platte County, WY, are assessed with a previously developed ground-water flow model. This water has been permitted for agricultural use by the State of Wyoming, and under the proposal would supplement, when needed, existing industrial surface- and ground-water supplies for the Laramie River Station of the Missouri Basin Power Project. Under a scenario wherein the supplemental industrial usage occurs in every 10th year commencing in 1980, the model predicts a cumulative streamflow-depletion rate in the Laramie and North Laramie Rivers of 7.7 cubic feet per second in the year 2020 compared to a rate of 6.9 cubic feet per second that is predicted if the intermittent industrial usage does not occur. Areas in which drawdowns relative to the simulated 1973 head configuration exceed 5, 10, 25, and 50 feet are predicted to be 107, 78, 38, and 2 square miles, respectively, in 2020 under the intermittent-usage scenario compared to corresponding areas of 104, 76, 36, and 2 square miles that are predicted if the intermittent industrial usage does not occur. (USGS).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8015","usgsCitation":"Hoxie, D.T., 1979, Projected effects of intermittent changes in withdrawal of water from the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-15, vi, 43 p. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8015.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoxie, Dwight T.","contributorId":77531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoxie","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9212,"text":"ofr791273 - 1979 - Urban storm-runoff modelling; Madison, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T15:53:17","indexId":"ofr791273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1273","title":"Urban storm-runoff modelling; Madison, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

The Illinois Urban Drainage Area Simulator was used to analyze the effects that (1) physical changes to storm-sewer conduits, and (2) increased runoff detention and infiltration would have on storm runoff in four urban basins in Madison, Wisconsin. The model was calibrated using monitoring data for the four basins collected over a 1-year period. A brief evaluation was made of a modified version of the model that simulates quality of urban runoff. Additional monitoring and computer analysis are necessary to calibrate the water-quality portion of the model before it can be used as a management tool in Madison. This study was done in cooperation with the Dane County Regional Planning Commission (DCRPC).

\n

Tables presenting results of various storm-water-management options are included. Some notable simulation results were that a 25 percent storm-sewer slope reduction yielded only a 3 percent peak-discharge reduction, and increasing storm-sewer roughness by increasing Manning's \"n\" from 0.013 to 0.0^0 decreased peak discharge about 10 to 20 percent. Detention of 10 percent of runoff throughout each basin yielded peak-discharge reductions of about 10 to 20 percent. Infiltration of all parking-lot runoff reduced peak discharges 5 to 2h percent. Peak discharges were reduced by 71 to 88 percent by substituting porous pavement for conventional pavement. Draining 90 percent of the residential rooftops onto lawns instead of driveways reduced peak discharge from 7 to 31 percent. Runoff-volume reduction was similarly reduced for the induced infiltration simulations.

\n

Storage requirements for hypothetical storm-water-treatment plants ranged from 2.6 to 29 acre-feet for the smallest and largest basins, respectively, with a treatment capacity of 25 cubic feet per second.

\n

A brief inconclusive evaluation of the water-quality subroutines of the model was made. Close agreement was noted between observed and simulated loads for nitrates, organic nitrogen, total phosphate, and total solids. Ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate computed by the model ranged 7 to 11 times greater than the observed loads. Observed loads are doubtful because of the sparsity of water-quality data.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791273","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Dane County Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Grant, R.S., and Goddard, G., 1979, Urban storm-runoff modelling; Madison, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1273, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791273.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 43.041794452901534\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 43.18314981723581\n ],\n [\n -89.22683715820312,\n 43.18314981723581\n ],\n [\n -89.22683715820312,\n 43.041794452901534\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 43.041794452901534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4888e4b07f02db51a6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, R. Stephen","contributorId":83125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, Gerald","contributorId":54202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44544,"text":"wri7993 - 1979 - Urban stormwater data management system with applications to south Florida studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:56","indexId":"wri7993","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-93","title":"Urban stormwater data management system with applications to south Florida studies","docAbstract":"A data management system was developed to store and retrieve urban stormwater data collected from four small urban basins in south Florida. The system is event oriented in that all data from one storm are stored together on the computer file. The data include descriptive information about the storm and data on rainfall, stage, discharge, and water quality. The data management system, composed of about 20 Fortran programs, was developed to store data, retrieve tables for publication, calculate flow discharges and constituent loads, and provide for interfacing with statistical and deterministic model application programs. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri7993","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.A., Doyle, W.H., and Wilson, L.D., 1979, Urban stormwater data management system with applications to south Florida studies: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-93, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7993.","productDescription":"113 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60526c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert A.","contributorId":52938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, W. Harry Jr.","contributorId":55399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Larry D.","contributorId":60182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19630,"text":"ofr79335 - 1979 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T19:52:43.185867","indexId":"ofr79335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-335","title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1977","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing structures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found that approximately 3,500 floodwaterretarding structures would be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1977, 1,695 (corrected figure) of these structures had been built.

This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.

During the period 1951-62, the U.S. Geological Survey began hydrologic investigations in 12 small watersheds (fig. 1). As of Sept. 30, 1977, data collection in eleven of these study areas has been completed and is now in progress in one area. This study is being made in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of Sept. 30, 1977, is shown in table 1.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79335","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1979, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-335, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79335.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389445,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0335/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10593,"text":"ofr79840 - 1979 - Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T15:48:30.315389","indexId":"ofr79840","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-840","title":"Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran","docAbstract":"

The Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran, have produced chromite from ophiolite complexes consisting of harzburgite tectonite, dunite tectonite containing chromitite, pyroxenite, wehrlite, and gabbro. Forty-six samples from these complexes were analyzed in order to investigate the possibility of platinum-group metals being present that could be produced as byproducts. The results, however, indicate concentrations of palladium, platinum, and rhodium ranging up to 46 ppb (parts per billion), 55 ppb, and 24 ppb, respectively. The concentration levels and ratios of these metals are similar to other alpine ultramafic bodies that have been analyzed by modern analytical techniques. Ten samples from massive sulfide deposits in the Gunes and Ergani-Maden areas, Turkey, and the Sheikh Ali mine, Iran, were analyzed also. The results of the analysis suggests a low potential for byproduct palladium, platinum, and rhodium production in these ophiolite-associated massive sulfide deposits.

The four ultramafic and mafic areas in Turkey and Iran under consideration have, and are, producing in 1978 chromite from podiform chromitites in alpine-type complexes. Because of the known association of chromitites and platinum-group metals, a collection of chromitites was made to check their palladium, platinum, and rhodium content to determine if economic concentrations might exist. Also, inasmuch as such rocks are thought to represent parts of the oceanic crust and upper mantle, data on platinum-group elements from these rocks can provide information to design geochemical models for the distribution of these elements. During the field excursions of the CENTO Working Group on Volcanic and Intrusive Rocks and Their Associated Ore Deposits, the Kizildag and Gunes areas, Turkey, were sampled in 1974 and the Guleman area, Turkey; Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran, were sampled in 1975. In addition, samples of massive sulfide ores from the Ergani-Maden area, Turkey, were also collected for analysis, and the results included here.

In this report the geologic framework of these areas is briefly examined as a background for interpreting the concentrations of palladium, platinum, and rhodium in the chromitites and ultramafic and mafic rocks. Comparisons of these analyses with analyses from other areas containing similar rocks show few differences in concentration or proportions of these three platinum-group metals.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79840","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., Engin, T., and Haffty, J., 1979, Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-840, ii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79840.","productDescription":"ii, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0840/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0840/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran, Turkey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.626953125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n 46.845703125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n 46.845703125,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n 42.626953125,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n 42.626953125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engin, Tandogan","contributorId":21959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engin","given":"Tandogan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haffty, Joseph","contributorId":79450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9596,"text":"ofr791280 - 1979 - Results of transient simulations of a digital model of the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:14","indexId":"ofr791280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1280","title":"Results of transient simulations of a digital model of the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Revised ground-water pumpage data have been imposed on a ground-water flow model previously developed for the Arikaree aquifer in a 400 square-mile area in central Platte County, Wyo. Maximum permitted annual ground-water withdrawals of 750 acre-feet for industrial use were combined with three irrigation-pumping scenarios to predict the long-term effects on ground-water levels and streamflows. Total annual ground-water withdrawals of 8,806 acre-feet, 8,033 acre-feet, and 5,045 acre-feet were predicted to produce average water-level declines of 5 feet or more over areas of 99, 96, and 68 square miles, respectively, at the end of a 40-year simulation period. The first two pumping scenarios were predicted to produce average drawdowns of more than 50 feet over areas of 1.5 and 0.8 square miles, respectively, while the third scenario resulted in average drawdowns of less than 50 feet throughout the study area. In addition, these three pumping scenarios were predicted to cause streamflow reductions of 2.6, 2.0, and 1.4 cubic feet per second, respectively, in the Laramie River and 4.9, 4.7, and 3.7 cubic feet per second, respectively, in the North Laramie River at the end of the 40-year simulation period. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S .Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791280","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Hoxie, D.T., 1979, Results of transient simulations of a digital model of the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1280, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791280.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37325,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoxie, Dwight T.","contributorId":77531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoxie","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16541,"text":"ofr791534 - 1979 - A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for the Mississinewa River, Grant County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-26T19:45:50.688198","indexId":"ofr791534","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1534","title":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for the Mississinewa River, Grant County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in the Mississinewa River was used to develop alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows.

The hydrology of the Mississinewa River downstream from Gas City is controlled primarily by two factors: low slopes, typical of the Tipton Till Plain, and a 10-foot dam at river mile 35.90 in Marion. All point-source waste loads affecting the modeled segment of the Mississinewa River are in the four incorporated municipalities of Fairmount, Jonesboro, Gas City, and Marion, in a primarily agricultural area.

Model simulations indicate that algal photosynthesis and nitrification are the most significant factors affecting the dissolved-oxygen concentration of the Mississinewa River during summer low flows. Natural reaeration, without photosynthesis, is not sufficient to maintain an average dissolved-oxygen concentration of at least 5 milligrams per liter in the stream, the State's water-quality standard.

Projected carbonaceous and nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand loads, from the Indiana State Board of Health, for Owens-Illinois, Inc., and the Gas City and Marion wastewater-treatment facilities will result in violations of the in-stream dissolved-oxygen standard. Fairmount and Jonesboro, because of their distance from the Mississinewa, do not significantly affect the water quality of the modeled segment.

Model simulations also indicate that, during winter low flows, ammonia toxicity, rather than dissolved oxygen, is the limiting water-quality criterion in the Mississinewa River downstream from the Gas City wastewater-treatment facility.

Calculations of the stream's assimilative capacity indicate that future waste discharge in the Mississinewa River basin will probably be limited to the reach downstream from the Marion dam (river mile 35.90).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791534","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Wilber, W.G., Crawford, C.G., and Peters, J.G., 1979, A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for the Mississinewa River, Grant County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1534, vii, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791534.","productDescription":"vii, 98 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1534/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1534/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Grant County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.6385,40.6542],[-85.5609,40.6546],[-85.4476,40.6541],[-85.4453,40.567],[-85.4454,40.4799],[-85.4448,40.3933],[-85.4451,40.3792],[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.8621,40.3784],[-85.8624,40.407],[-85.8641,40.5666],[-85.8645,40.6528],[-85.7869,40.6533],[-85.6742,40.654],[-85.6385,40.6542]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Grant\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab8b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":173019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":173020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, James G.","contributorId":69137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13956,"text":"ofr791066 - 1979 - Derivation of homogeneous streamflow records for the Green River basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:53","indexId":"ofr791066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1066","title":"Derivation of homogeneous streamflow records for the Green River basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Four flood-control reservoirs, Green River Lake, Nolin River Lake, Barren River Lake, and Rough River Lake, were completed in the Green River basin of Kentucky between 1959 and 1969. A digital computer model of these reservoirs and the stream reaches from the reservoirs downstream to the Green River at Calhoun, Ky., was developed to simulate mean daily streamflows. Simulations of 1941 through 1971 water year streamflows were made for both the pre-reservoir and post-reservoir basin conditions, thus supplying homogeneous data sets for low-flow analyses of eight stream sites. The 7-day, 10-year recurrence interval, minimum discharges of the simulated regulated flows exceed those of the simulated natural flows by about 30 cubic feet per second for the Barren River at Bowling Green, Ky., and about 260 cubic feet per second for the Green River at Calhous, Ky. Analyses of the pre-reservoir simulations show that, for seven of the stream sites, the model yields streamflow which have annual minimum 7-day average discharges that are not significantly different, at the 95 percent significance level, from those of the observed flows. Results of the post-reservoir simulations show that actual reservoir operation was not closely matched by the model. Therefore, the low-flow characteristics of the simulated regulated streamflows are merely estimates of those that could be expected if the basin were regulated according to the modeled reservoir operating criteria. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791066","usgsCitation":"Hale, T., 1979, Derivation of homogeneous streamflow records for the Green River basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1066, vii, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791066.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, T.W.","contributorId":43763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26964,"text":"wri7964 - 1979 - Quantity and quality of urban runoff from three localities in the Denver Metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T11:35:30","indexId":"wri7964","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-64","title":"Quantity and quality of urban runoff from three localities in the Denver Metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Considerable variation in constituent concentrations was shown in urban runoff data for 1975-77 from three metropolitan Denver drainage basins. Constituent concentrations, greatest during initial rainfall runoff, generally peaked midday of snowmelt runoff, corresponding with maximum melting and runoff. Instantaneous loads of constituents were largely a function of discharge. Days since last street sweeping or antecedent precipitation had no apparent effect; snowmelt-runoff loads apparently increased with number of days snow had been on the ground. Urban storm runoff may significantly contribute total ammonia nitrogen, total nonfiltrable residue, total copper, total iron, total lead, and total zinc; and snowmelt runoff may significantly contribute sodium and chloride, to local receiving waters. Data from two basins were used for calibration and verification of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model II for rainfall-runoff modeling of flow and total nitrogen. The model assumption that land-surface loads of total nitrogen are directly proportional to number of days prior to storm during which accumulated rainfall was less than 1.0 inch was not substantiated. (Woodard-USGS)

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7964","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., and Alley, W., 1979, Quantity and quality of urban runoff from three localities in the Denver Metropolitan area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-64, vi, 60 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7964.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0064/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.556640625,\n 39.364032338047984\n ],\n [\n -104.5184326171875,\n 39.364032338047984\n ],\n [\n -104.5184326171875,\n 40.09908414736847\n ],\n [\n -105.556640625,\n 40.09908414736847\n ],\n [\n -105.556640625,\n 39.364032338047984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Sherman R.","contributorId":41010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4398,"text":"cir715J - 1979 - Steady-state dissolved oxygen model of the Willamette River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:54:34","indexId":"cir715J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"715","chapter":"J","title":"Steady-state dissolved oxygen model of the Willamette River, Oregon","docAbstract":"For nearly half a century the Willamette River in Oregon experienced severe dissolved-oxygen problems related to large loads of organically rich waste waters from industries and municipalities. Since the mid-1950 's dissolved oxygen quality has gradually improved owing to low-flow augmentation, the achievement of basinwide secondary treatment, and the use of other waste-management practices. As a result, summer dissolved-oxygen levels have increased, salmon runs have returned, and the overall effort is widely regarded as a singular water-quality success. To document the improved dissolved-oxygen regimen, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted intensive studies of the Willamette during the summer low-flow seasons of 1973 and 1974. During each summer the mean daily dissolved-oxygen levels were found to be higher than 5 milligrams per liter throughout the river. Because of the basinwide secondary treatment, carbonaceous deoxygenation rates were low. In addition, almost half of the biochemical oxygen demand entering the Willamette was from diffuse (nonpoint) sources rather than outfalls. These results indicated that point-source biochemical oxygen demand was no longer the primary cause of dissolved-oxygen depletion. Instead, the major causes of deoxygenation were nitrification in a shallow ' surface active ' reach below Salem and an anomalous oxygen demand (believed to be primarily of benthal origin) in Portland Harbor. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir715J","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, S.W., Hines, W.G., Rickert, D.A., and Rinella, F.A., 1979, Steady-state dissolved oxygen model of the Willamette River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 715, vi, p J1-J28, ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir715J.","productDescription":"vi, p J1-J28, ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31507,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0715j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0715j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, W. G.","contributorId":84742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rickert, D. A.","contributorId":53773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9883,"text":"ofr79844 - 1979 - Geology and porphyry copper-type alteration-mineralization of igneous rocks at the Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr79844","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-844","title":"Geology and porphyry copper-type alteration-mineralization of igneous rocks at the Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Christmas copper deposit, located in southern Gila County, Arizona, is part of the major porphyry copper province of southwestern North America. Although Christmas is known for skarn deposits in Paleozoic carbonate rocks, ore-grade porphyry-type copper mineralization also occurs in a composite granodioritic intrusive complex and adjacent mafic volcanic country rocks. This study considers the nature, distribution, and genesis of alteration-mineralization in the igneous rock environment at Christmas. \r\n\r\nAt the southeast end of the Dripping Spring Mountains, the Pennsylvanian Naco Limestone is unconformably overlain by the Cretaceous Williamson Canyon Volcanics, a westward-thinning sequence of basaltic volcanic breccia and lava flows, and subordinate clastic sedimentary rocks. Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata are intruded by Laramide-age dikes, sills, and small stocks of hornblende andesite porphyry and hornblende rhyodacite porphyry, and the mineralized Christmas intrusive complex. \r\n\r\nRocks of the elongate Christmas stock, intruded along an east-northeast-trending fracture zone, are grouped into early, veined quartz diorite (Dark Phase), biotite granodiorite porphyry (Light Phase), and granodiorite; and late, unveined dacite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry. Biotite rhyodacite porphyry dikes extending east and west from the vicinity of the stock are probably coeval with biotite granodiorite porphyry. Accumulated normal displacement of approximately 1 km along the northwest-trending Christmas-Joker fault system has juxtaposed contrasting levels (lower, intrusive-carbonate rock environment and upper, intrusive-volcanic rock environment) within the porphyry copper system. \r\n\r\nK-Ar age determinations and whole-rock chemical analyses of the major intrusive rock types indicate that Laramide calc-alkaline magmatism and ore deposition at Christmas evolved over an extended period from within the Late Cretaceous (~75-80 m.y. ago) to early Paleocene (~63-61 m.y. ago). The sequence of igneous rocks is progressively more alkaline and silicic from basalt to granodiorite. Early (Stage I) chalcopyrite-bornite (-molybdenite) mineralization and genetically related K-silicate alteration are centered on the Christmas stock. K-silicate alteration is manifested by pervasive hornblende-destructive biotitization in the stock, biotitization of basaltic volcanic wall rocks, and a continuous stockwork of K-feldspar veinlets and quartz-K-feldspar veins in the stock and quartz-sulfide veins in volcanic rocks. Younger (Stage II) pyrite-chalcopyrite mineralization and quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration occur in a zone overlapping with but largely peripheral to the zone of Stage I stockwork veins. Within the Christmas intrusive complex, K-silicate-altered rocks in the central stock are flanked east and west by zones of fracture-controlled quartz-sericite alteration and strong pyritization. In volcanic rocks quartz-chlorite-pyrite-chalcopyrite veins are superimposed on earlier biotitization and crosscut Stage I quartz-sulfide veins. Beyond the zones of quartz-sericite alteration, biotite rhyodacite porphyry dikes contain the propylitic alteration assemblage epidote-chlorite-albite-sphene.\r\n\r\nChemical analyses indicate the following changes during pervasive alteration of igneous rocks: (1) addition of Si, K, H, S, and Cu, and loss of Fe 3+ and Ca during intense biotitization of basalt; (2) loss of Na and Ca, increase of Fe3+/Fe2+, and strong H-metasomatism during sericitization of quartz diorite; and (3) increase in Ca, Na, and Fe3+/Fe2+, and loss of K during intense propylitization of biotite rhyodacite porphyry dikes. Thorough biotitization of biotite granodiorite porphyry in the Christmas stock was largely an isochemical process. \r\n\r\nFluid-inclusion petrography reveals that Stage I veins are characterized by low to moderate populations of moderate-salinity and gas-rich inclusions, and sparse but ubiquitous halite-bearing inclusions. Moderate-salinity an","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79844","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., 1979, Geology and porphyry copper-type alteration-mineralization of igneous rocks at the Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-844, xiii, 196 p. :ill., maps (6 fold. in pocket) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79844.","productDescription":"xiii, 196 p. :ill., maps (6 fold. in pocket) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37671,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37672,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37673,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37674,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37675,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37676,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0844/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112366,"text":"70112366 - 1979 - Satellites monitor Atlanta regional development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:06:18","indexId":"70112366","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T16:32:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3110,"text":"Practicing Planner","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellites monitor Atlanta regional development","docAbstract":"

Since the adoption of a Regional Development Plan in 1975, the Atlanta Regional Commission has investigated methods for monitoring regional development patterns in a periodic, efficient manner. A promising approach appears to be the use of Landsat satellite data. In cooperation with the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, the commission used machine processing of digital temporal overlays of Landsat data collected in 1972, 1974 and 1976 to detect land use and land cover changes in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Results of the analysis revealed the conversion of forested and open space areas to residential, commercial and industrial land use in the urban-rural fringe zone from 1972 to 1974 and from 1974 to 1976. The study indicated that a land use and land cover change-detection program may be used to revise small-area forecasts of land use, population and employment made by planning models.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Planners","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Todd, W.J., Blackmon, C., and Rudasill, R., 1979, Satellites monitor Atlanta regional development: Practicing Planner, v. 9, no. 1, p. 6-10.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.551819,33.647808 ], [ -84.551819,33.887618 ], [ -84.289389,33.887618 ], [ -84.289389,33.647808 ], [ -84.551819,33.647808 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc14e4b0e83db6d08feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, William J.","contributorId":51595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blackmon, C.C.","contributorId":63321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackmon","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudasill, R.G. Jr.","contributorId":62525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudasill","given":"R.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}