Northern peatlands have accumulated large carbon (C) stocks, acting as a long-term atmospheric C sink since the last deglaciation. How these C-rich ecosystems will respond to future climate change, however, is still poorly understood. Furthermore, many northern peatlands exist in regions underlain by permafrost, adding to the challenge of projecting C balance under changing climate and permafrost dynamics. In this study, we used a paleoecological approach to examine the effect of past climates and local disturbances on vegetation and C accumulation at a peatland complex on the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska over the past ∼15 ka (1 ka = 1000 cal yr BP). We analyzed two cores about 30 m apart, NL10-1 (from a permafrost peat plateau) and NL10-2 (from an adjacent thermokarst collapse-scar bog), for peat organic matter (OM), C accumulation rates, macrofossil, pollen and grain size analysis.
A wet rich fen occurred during the initial stages of peatland development at the thermokarst site (NL10-2). The presence of tree pollen from Picea spp. and Larix laricinia at 13.5–12.1 ka indicates a warm regional climate, corresponding with the well-documented Bølling–Allerød warm period. A cold and dry climate interval at 12.1–11.1 ka is indicated by the disappearance of tree pollen and increase in Poaceae pollen and an increase in woody material, likely representing a local expression of the Younger Dryas (YD) event. Following the YD, the warm Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) is characterized by the presence of Populus pollen, while the presence of Sphagnum spp. and increased C accumulation rates suggest high peatland productivity under a warm climate. Toward the end of the HTM and throughout the mid-Holocene a wet climate-induced several major flooding disturbance events at 10 ka, 8.1 ka, 6 ka, 5.4 ka and 4.7 ka, as evidenced by decreases in OM, and increases in coarse sand abundance and aquatic fossils (algae Chara and water fleas Daphnia). The initial peatland at permafrost site (NL10-1) is characterized by rapid C accumulation (66 g C m−2 yr−1), high OM content and a peak in Sphagnum spp. at 5.8–4.6 ka, suggesting the lack of permafrost. A transition to extremely low C accumulation rates of 6.3 g C m−2 yr−1 after 4.5 ka at this site suggests the onset of permafrost aggradation, likely in response to Neoglacial climate cooling as documented across the circum-Arctic region. A similar decrease in C accumulation rates also occurred at non-permafrost site NL10-2. Time-weighted C accumulation rates are 21.8 g C m−2 yr−1 for core NL10-1 during the last ∼6.5 ka and 14.8 g C m−2 yr−1 for core NL10-2 during the last ∼15 ka. Evidence from peat-core analysis and historical aerial photographs shows an abrupt increase in Sphagnum spp. and decrease in area of thermokarst lakes over the last century, suggesting major changes in hydrology and ecosystem structure, likely due to recent climate warming.
Our results show that the thermokarst–permafrost complex was much more dynamic with high C accumulation rates under warmer climates in the past, while permafrost was stabilized and C accumulation slowed down following the Neoglacial cooling in the late Holocene. Furthermore, permafrost presence at local scales is controlled by both regional climate and site-specific factors, highlighting the challenge in projecting responses of permafrost peatlands and their C dynamics to future climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.019","usgsCitation":"Hunt, S.D., Yu, Z., and Jones, M.C., 2013, Lateglacial and Holocene climate, disturbance and permafrost peatland dynamics on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 63, p. 42-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.019.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"58","ipdsId":"IP-042048","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska ","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.47381591796875,\n 64.66225203688786\n ],\n [\n -163.41699600219727,\n 64.66225203688786\n ],\n [\n -163.41699600219727,\n 64.68105206571617\n ],\n [\n -163.47381591796875,\n 64.68105206571617\n ],\n [\n -163.47381591796875,\n 64.66225203688786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ce4b0764e6c65dc6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Stephanie D.","contributorId":58532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044626,"text":"sir20135002 - 2013 - Use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating hydrology and water quality in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 2000--10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T11:20:42","indexId":"sir20135002","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5002","title":"Use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating hydrology and water quality in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 2000--10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate streamflow and nitrate loads within the Cedar River Basin, Iowa. The goal was to assess the ability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to estimate streamflow and nitrate loads in gaged and ungaged basins in Iowa. The Cedar River Basin model uses measured streamflow data from 12 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations for hydrology calibration. The U.S. Geological Survey software program, Load Estimator, was used to estimate annual and monthly nitrate loads based on measured nitrate concentrations and streamflow data from three Iowa Department of Natural Resources Storage and Retrieval/Water Quality Exchange stations, located throughout the basin, for nitrate load calibration. The hydrology of the model was calibrated for the period of January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004, and validated for the period of January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010. Simulated daily, monthly, and annual streamflow resulted in Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency (ENS) values ranging from 0.44 to 0.83, 0.72 to 0.93, and 0.56 to 0.97, respectively, and coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.87, 0.74 to 0.94, and 0.65 to 0.99, respectively, for the calibration period. The percent bias ranged from -19 to 10, -16 to 10, and -19 to 10 for daily, monthly, and annual simulation, respectively. The validation period resulted in daily, monthly, and annual ENS values ranging from 0.49 to 0.77, 0.69 to 0.91, and -0.22 to 0.95, respectively; R2 values ranging from 0.59 to 0.84, 0.74 to 0.92, and 0.36 to 0.92, respectively; and percent bias ranging from -16 for all time steps to percent bias of 14, 15, and 15, respectively.\n\nThe nitrate calibration was based on a small subset of the locations used in the hydrology calibration with limited measured data. Model performance ranges from unsatisfactory to very good for the calibration period (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004). Results for the validation period (January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010) indicate a need for an increase of measured data as well as more refined documented management practices at a higher resolution. Simulated nitrate loads resulted in monthly and annual ENS values ranging from 0.28 to 0.82 and 0.61 to 0.86, respectively, and monthly and annual R2 values ranging from 0.65 to 0.81 and 0.65 to 0.88, respectively, for the calibration period. The monthly and annual calibration percent bias ranged from 4 to 7 and 5 to 7, respectively. The validation period resulted in all but two ENS values less than zero. Monthly and annual validation R2 values ranged from 0.5 to 0.67 and 0.25 to 0.48, respectively. Monthly and annual validation percent bias ranged from 46 to 68 for both time steps. A daily calibration and validation for nitrate loads was not performed because of the poor monthly and annual results; measured daily nitrate data are available for intervals of time in 2009 and 2010 during which a successful monthly and annual calibration could not be achieved.\n\nThe Cedar River Basin is densely gaged relative to other basins in Iowa; therefore, an alternative hydrology scenario was created to assess the predictive capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool using fewer locations of measured data for model hydrology calibration. Although the ability of the model to reproduce measured values improves with the number of calibration locations, results indicate that the Soil and Water Assessment Tool can be used to adequately estimate streamflow in less densely gaged basins throughout the State, especially at the monthly time step. However, results also indicate that caution should be used when calibrating a subbasin that consists of physically distinct regions based on only one streamflow-gaging station.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, K.J., and Christiansen, D.E., 2013, Use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating hydrology and water quality in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 2000--10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5002, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135002.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-029808","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135002.gif"},{"id":269435,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5002/"},{"id":269436,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5002/sir13_5002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.64,40.38 ], [ -96.64,43.5 ], [ -90.14,43.5 ], [ -90.14,40.38 ], [ -96.64,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51458659e4b0c47b5d322a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Kasey J. khutchin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Kasey","email":"khutchin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180387,"text":"70180387 - 2013 - Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:31:33","indexId":"70180387","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-15T14:31:17","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from six small rivers in the Yukon River basin in central Alaska to examine the role of colloids and organic matter in the transport of trace elements in Northern high latitude watersheds influenced by permafrost. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), selected elements (Al, Si, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, U), and UV-absorbance spectra were measured in 0.45 μm filtered samples. ‘Nanocolloidal size distributions’ (0.5–40 nm, hydrodynamic diameter) of humic-type and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined by on-line coupling of flow field-flow fractionation (FFF) to detectors including UV-absorbance, fluorescence, and ICP-MS. Total dissolved and nanocolloidal concentrations of the elements varied considerably between the rivers and between spring flood and late summer base flow. Data on specific UV-absorbance (SUVA), spectral slopes, and the nanocolloidal fraction of the UV-absorbance indicated a decrease in aromaticity and size of CDOM from spring flood to late summer. The nanocolloidal size distributions indicated the presence of different ‘components’ of nanocolloids. ‘Fulvic-rich nanocolloids’ had a hydrodynamic diameter of 0.5–3 nm throughout the sampling season; ‘organic/iron-rich nanocolloids’ occurred in the <8 nm size range during the spring flood; whereas ‘iron-rich nanocolloids’ formed a discrete 4–40 nm components during summer base flow. Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were distributed between the nanocolloid components depending on the stability constant of the metal (+II)–organic complexes, while stronger association of Cr to the iron-rich nanocolloids was attributed to the higher oxidation states of Cr (+III or +IV). Changes in total dissolved element concentrations, size and composition of CDOM, and occurrence and size of organic/iron and iron-rich nanocolloids were related to variations in their sources from either the upper organic-rich soil or the deeper mineral layer, depending on seasonal variations in hydrological flow patterns and permafrost dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.018","usgsCitation":"Stolpe, B., Guo, L., Shiller, A.M., and Aiken, G.R., 2013, Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 105, p. 221-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.018.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-035129","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152,\n 63.5\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 63.5\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 63.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fd361e4b0f5d57878edae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolpe, Bjorn","contributorId":178895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolpe","given":"Bjorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Laodong","contributorId":176753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Laodong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shiller, Alan M.","contributorId":100709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiller","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044582,"text":"70044582 - 2013 - Predictive occurrence models for coastal wetland plant communities: delineating hydrologic response surfaces with multinomial logistic regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T14:16:03","indexId":"70044582","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive occurrence models for coastal wetland plant communities: delineating hydrologic response surfaces with multinomial logistic regression","docAbstract":"Understanding plant community zonation along estuarine stress gradients is critical for effective conservation and restoration of coastal wetland ecosystems. We related the presence of plant community types to estuarine hydrology at 173 sites across coastal Louisiana. Percent relative cover by species was assessed at each site near the end of the growing season in 2008, and hourly water level and salinity were recorded at each site Oct 2007–Sep 2008. Nine plant community types were delineated with k-means clustering, and indicator species were identified for each of the community types with indicator species analysis. An inverse relation between salinity and species diversity was observed. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) effectively segregated the sites across ordination space by community type, and indicated that salinity and tidal amplitude were both important drivers of vegetation composition. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) were used to predict the probability of occurrence of the nine vegetation communities as a function of salinity and tidal amplitude, and probability surfaces obtained from the MLR model corroborated the CCA results. The weighted kappa statistic, calculated from the confusion matrix of predicted versus actual community types, was 0.7 and indicated good agreement between observed community types and model predictions. Our results suggest that models based on a few key hydrologic variables can be valuable tools for predicting vegetation community development when restoring and managing coastal wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.002","usgsCitation":"Snedden, G., and Steyer, G.D., 2013, Predictive occurrence models for coastal wetland plant communities: delineating hydrologic response surfaces with multinomial logistic regression: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 118, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-033792","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269315,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.002"}],"volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142e35ee4b073a963ff653d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.002","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.002","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Snedden Gregg A., Steyer Gregory D.","journalName":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","publicationDate":"2/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044918,"text":"70044918 - 2013 - Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:02:53","indexId":"70044918","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","docAbstract":"Human society depends on liquid freshwater resources to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene, agriculture, and industry needs. Improved resource monitoring and better understanding of the anthropogenic threats to freshwater environments are critical to efficient management of freshwater resources and ultimately to the survival and quality of life of the global human population. This book helps address the need for improved freshwater resource monitoring and threat assessment by presenting current reviews and case studies focused on the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment and on the sustainability of groundwater and surface-water resources around the world. It is intended for students and professionals working in hydrology and water resources management.","language":"English","publisher":"InTech","publisherLocation":"Rijeka, Croatia","doi":"10.5772/47884","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2013, Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability, 333 p., https://doi.org/10.5772/47884.","productDescription":"333 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269954,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47884"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51502072e4b08df5cb131323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044573,"text":"sim3243 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T17:38:08","indexId":"sim3243","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3243","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 11-mile reach of the Tippecanoe River that extends from County Road W725N to State Road 18 below Oakdale Dam, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03333050, Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Ind. Current conditions at the USGS streamgages in Indiana may be obtained online at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/current/?type=flow. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often co-located at USGS streamgages. That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\n\nIn this study, water-surface profiles were simulated for the stream reach by means of a hydraulic one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at USGS streamgage 03333050, Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Ind., and USGS streamgage 03332605, Tippecanoe River below Oakdale Dam, Ind. The hydraulic model was then used to simulate 13 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals reference to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. A flood inundation map was generated for each water-surface profile stage (13 maps in all) so that, for any given flood stage, users will be able to view the estimated area of inundation.\n\nThe availability of these maps, along with current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Menke, C.D., Bunch, A.R., and Kim, M.H., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3243, Maps: 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Pamphlet: vi, 9 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3243.","productDescription":"Maps: 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Pamphlet: vi, 9 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3243.gif"},{"id":269273,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3243/pdf/mapsheets"},{"id":269274,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3243/Downloads"},{"id":269271,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3243/"},{"id":269272,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3243/pdf/sim3243.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Delphi","otherGeospatial":"Tippecanoe River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.1,37.77 ], [ -88.1,41.76 ], [ -84.78,41.76 ], [ -84.78,37.77 ], [ -88.1,37.77 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"514191dce4b0eefcba208d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunch, Aubrey R. 0000-0002-2453-3624 aurbunch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-3624","contributorId":4351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Aubrey","email":"aurbunch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70044533,"text":"cir13801 - 2013 - The United States-Mexican Border - A land of conflict and opportunity: Chapter 1 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13801","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"The United States-Mexican Border - A land of conflict and opportunity: Chapter 1 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70044534,"text":"cir13802 - 2013 - The Borderlands - A region of physical and cultural diversity: Chapter 2 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13802","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"The Borderlands - A region of physical and cultural diversity: Chapter 2 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70044535,"text":"cir13803 - 2013 - Challenge theme 1: Understanding and preserving ecological resources: Chapter 3 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13803","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Challenge theme 1: Understanding and preserving ecological resources: Chapter 3 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70044536,"text":"cir13804 - 2013 - Challenge theme 2: assuring water availability and quality in the 21st century: Chapter 4 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13804","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Challenge theme 2: assuring water availability and quality in the 21st century: Chapter 4 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70044537,"text":"cir13805 - 2013 - Challenge theme 3: Protecting the environment and safeguarding human health: Chapter 5 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13805","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"5","title":"Challenge theme 3: Protecting the environment and safeguarding human health: Chapter 5 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70044540,"text":"cir13806 - 2013 - Challenge theme 4: People in the Borderlands: Chapter 6 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13806","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Challenge theme 4: People in the Borderlands: Chapter 6 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70044541,"text":"cir13807 - 2013 - Challenge theme 5: Current and future needs of energy and mineral resources in the Borderlands and the effects of their development: Chapter 7 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13807","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"7","title":"Challenge theme 5: Current and future needs of energy and mineral resources in the Borderlands and the effects of their development: Chapter 7 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":70044542,"text":"cir13808 - 2013 - Challenge theme 6: Natural hazard risks in the Borderlands: Chapter 8 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13808","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","title":"Challenge theme 6: Natural hazard risks in the Borderlands: Chapter 8 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":70044543,"text":"cir13809 - 2013 - Challenge theme 7: Information support for management of border security and environmental protection: Chapter 9 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir13809","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Challenge theme 7: Information support for management of border security and environmental protection: Chapter 9 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":9},{"subject":{"id":70044544,"text":"cir138010 - 2013 - The Borderlands and climate change: Chapter 10 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir138010","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"10","title":"The Borderlands and climate change: Chapter 10 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":70044545,"text":"cir138011 - 2013 - An opportunity and an imperative: Chapter 11 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir138011","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"11","title":"An opportunity and an imperative: Chapter 11 in United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70044525,"text":"cir1380 - 2013 - United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","indexId":"cir1380","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science"},"id":11}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T14:37:35","indexId":"cir1380","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1380","title":"United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science","docAbstract":"Along the nearly 3,200 kilometers (almost 2,000 miles) of the United States–Mexican border, in an area known as the Borderlands, we are witnessing the expression of the challenges of the 21st century. This circular identifies several challenge themes and issues associated with life and the environment in the Borderlands, listed below. The challenges are not one-sided; they do not originate in one country only to become problems for the other. The issues and concerns of each challenge theme flow in both directions across the border, and both nations feel their effects throughout the Borderlands and beyond. The clear message is that our two nations, the United States and Mexico, face the issues in these challenge themes together, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) understands it must work with its counterparts, partners, and customers in both countries.
Though the mission of the USGS is not to serve as land manager, law enforcer, or code regulator, its innovation and creativity and the scientific and technical depth of its capabilities can be directly applied to monitoring the conditions of the landscape. The ability of USGS scientists to critically analyze the monitored data in search of signals and trends, whether they lead to negative or positive results, allows us to reach significant conclusions—from providing factual conclusions to decisionmakers, to estimating how much of a natural resource exists in a particular locale, to predicting how a natural hazard phenomenon will unfold, to forecasting on a scale from hours to millennia how ecosystems will behave.
None of these challenge themes can be addressed strictly by one or two science disciplines; all require well-integrated, cross-discipline thinking, data collection, and analyses. The multidisciplinary science themes that have become the focus of the USGS mission parallel the major challenges in the border region between Mexico and the United States. Because of this multidisciplinary approach, the USGS possesses a unique set of capabilities that can address these challenges. The USGS can apply geographical, geospatial, biological, hydrological, and geological sciences to these complex issues and thereby provide insight into the area’s natural systems and their relation to human activity.
As we come to better understand the complexities of the components of these challenge themes, we discover that each part is inextricably intertwined with other overarching issues. Because of the complex interactions of the human, ecological, political, and economic exigencies associated with this area, the status of the Borderlands has become an ever-present concern for most American citizens and for Mexican and United States Federal, State, and local governments. This circular is intended to provide you - citizen, local decisionmaker, government leader, or private entrepreneur—an overview of what the USGS considers the current and future challenges in the United States–Mexican border region and examples of how the USGS can make a difference in understanding and addressing these issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1380","usgsCitation":"2013, United States-Mexican Borderlands: Facing tomorrow's challenges through USGS science: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1380, Report: xvii, 318 p.; Poster: 1 Sheet: 46 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1380.","productDescription":"Report: xvii, 318 p.; Poster: 1 Sheet: 46 x 34 inches","numberOfPages":"336","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":572,"text":"Southwest Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1380.gif"},{"id":269076,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1380/"},{"id":269077,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1380/downloads/Poster-508.pdf","text":"Poster"},{"id":269078,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1380/downloads/Book-508.pdf","text":"Circular 1380"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","otherGeospatial":"United States-Mexico Borderlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 24.246964554300924\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -103.22753906249999,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -117.8173828125,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -105.16113281249999,\n 28.22697003891834\n ],\n [\n -103.71093749999999,\n 27.488781168937997\n ],\n [\n -101.90917968749999,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -99.36035156249999,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 24.246964554300924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513eeee4e4b0dcc73396935b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Updike, Randall G. updike@usgs.gov","contributorId":334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Randall","email":"updike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661074,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Eugene G. gellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Eugene","email":"gellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661075,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, William R. 0000-0002-0722-9911 rpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-9911","contributorId":1628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"William","email":"rpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661076,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Melanie J. mparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Melanie","email":"mparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661077,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hestbeck, Jay B. jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"Jay","email":"jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":661078,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horak, William F.","contributorId":63280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70044520,"text":"sir20135003 - 2013 - Hydrologic data and groundwater flow simulations in the vicinity of Long Lake, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, near Gary, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T11:21:55","indexId":"sir20135003","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5003","title":"Hydrologic data and groundwater flow simulations in the vicinity of Long Lake, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, near Gary, Indiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected data and simulated groundwater flow to increase understanding of the hydrology and the effects of drainage alterations to the water table in the vicinity of Long Lake, near Gary, Indiana. East Long Lake and West Long Lake (collectively known as Long Lake) make up one of the largest interdunal lakes within the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. The National Park Service is tasked with preservation and restoration of wetlands in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore along the southern shoreline of Lake Michigan. Urban development and engineering have modified drainage and caused changes in the distribution of open water, streams and ditches, and groundwater abundance and flow paths. A better understanding of the effects these modifications have on the hydrologic system in the area will help the National Park Service, the Gary Sanitary District (GSD), and local stakeholders manage and protect the resources within the study area.
This study used hydrologic data and steady-state groundwater simulations to estimate directions of groundwater flow and the effects of various engineering controls and climatic conditions on the hydrology near Long Lake. Periods of relatively high and low groundwater levels were examined and simulated by using MODFLOW and companion software. Simulated hydrologic modifications examined the effects of (1) removing the beaver dams in US-12 ditch, (2) discontinuing seepage of water from the filtration pond east of East Long Lake, (3) discontinuing discharge from US-12 ditch to the GSD sewer system, (4) decreasing discharge from US-12 ditch to the GSD sewer system, (5) connecting East Long Lake and West Long Lake, (6) deepening County Line Road ditch, and (7) raising and lowering the water level of Lake Michigan.
Results from collected hydrologic data indicate that East Long Lake functioned as an area of groundwater recharge during October 2002 and a “flow-through” lake during March 2011, with the groundwater divide south of US-12. Wetlands to the south of West Long Lake act as points of recharge to the surficial aquifer in both dry- and wet-weather conditions.
Among the noteworthy results from a dry-weather groundwater flow model simulation are (1) US-12 ditch does not receive water from East Long Lake or West Long Lake, (2) the filtration pond at the east end of East Long Lake, when active, contributed approximately 10 percent of the total water entering East Long Lake, and (3) County Line Road ditch has little effect on simulated water level.
Among the noteworthy results from a wet-weather groundwater flow simulation are (1) US-12 ditch does not receive water from East Long Lake or West Long Lake, (2) when the seepage from the filtration pond to the surficial aquifer is not active, sources of inflow to East Long Lake are restricted to only precipitation (46 percent of total) and inflow from the surficial aquifer (54 percent of total), and (3) County Line Road ditch bisects the groundwater divide and creates two water-table mounds south of US-12.
The results from a series of model scenarios simulating certain engineering controls and changes in Lake Michigan levels include the following: (1) The simulated removal of beaver dams in US-12 ditch during a wet-weather simulation increased discharge from the ditch to the Gary Sanitary system by 13 percent. (2) Discontinuation of seepage from the filtration pond east of East Long Lake decreased discharge from US-12 ditch to the Gary Sanitary system by 2.3 percent. (3) Simulated discontinuation of discharge from the US-12 ditch to the GSD sewer system increased the area where the water table was estimated to be above the land surface beyond the inundated area in the initial wet-weather simulation. (4) Simulated modifications to the control structure at the discharge point of US-12 ditch to the GSD sewer system can decrease discharge by as much as 61 percent while increasing the simulated inundated area during dry weather and decrease discharge as much as 6 percent while increasing the simulated inundated area during wet weather. (5) Deepening of County Line Road ditch can decrease the discharge from US-12 ditch by 26 percent during dry weather and 24 percent during wet weather, as well as decrease the extent of flooded areas south and east of the filtration pond near Ogden Dunes. (7) The increase of the Lake Michigan water level to match the historical maximum can increase the discharge from US-12 ditch by 14 percent during dry weather and by 9.6 percent during wet weather. (8) The decrease of the Lake Michigan water level to match the historical minimum can decrease the discharge from US-12 ditch by 7.4 percent during dry weather and by 3.1 percent during wet weather.
The results of this study can be used by water-resource managers to understand how surrounding ditches affect water levels in East and West Long Lake and in the surrounding wetlands and residential areas. The groundwater model developed in this study can be applied in the future to answer questions about how alterations to the drainage system in the area will affect water levels in East and West Long Lake and surrounding areas. The modeling methods developed in this study provide a template for other studies of groundwater flow and groundwater/surface-water interactions within the shallow surficial aquifer in northern Indiana, and in similar hydrologic settings that include surficial sand aquifers in coastal settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Gary Sanitary District, the Lake Michigan Coastal Program, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Lampe, D.C., and Bayless, E.R., 2013, Hydrologic data and groundwater flow simulations in the vicinity of Long Lake, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, near Gary, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5003, Report: xii, 96 p.; Data releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135003.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 96 p.; Data releases","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357924,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZP45D5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2018 - MODFLOW-NWT model scenarios used to evaluate potential effects of proposed drainage modifications on groundwater discharge in the vicinity of Long Lake, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, near Gary, Indiana"},{"id":349458,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7D21VS2","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2017 - MODFLOW-NWT model used to evaluate potential effects of alterations to the hydrologic system in the vicinity of Long Lake, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, near Gary, Indiana"},{"id":269068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135003.jpg"},{"id":269066,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5003/"},{"id":269067,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5003/pdf/SIR2013-5003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Gary","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.1,37.8 ], [ -88.1,41.8 ], [ -84.8,41.8 ], [ -84.8,37.8 ], [ -88.1,37.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513eeee0e4b0dcc733969347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lampe, David C. 0000-0002-8904-0337 dclampe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-0337","contributorId":2441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"David","email":"dclampe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635 ebayless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":1518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"ebayless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044499,"text":"sim3244 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the Saluda River from Old Easley Bridge Road to Saluda Lake Dam near Greenville, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:25:53","indexId":"sim3244","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3244","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Saluda River from Old Easley Bridge Road to Saluda Lake Dam near Greenville, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 3.95-mile reach of the Saluda River from approximately 815 feet downstream from Old Easley Bridge Road to approximately 150 feet downstream from Saluda Lake Dam near Greenville, South Carolina, were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Saluda River near Greenville, South Carolina (station 02162500). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained through the National Water Information System Web site at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/sc/nwis/uv/?site_no=02162500&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060,00062. The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated with USGS streamgages. Forecasted peak-stage information is available on the Internet at the NWS Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system Web site (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/) and may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-streamflow relations at USGS streamgage station 02162500, Saluda River near Greenville, South Carolina. The hydraulic model was then used to determine water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1.0-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from approximately bankfull to 2 feet higher than the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then exported to a geographic information system, ArcGIS, and combined with a digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR] data with a 0.6-foot vertical Root Mean Square Error [RMSE] and a 3.0-foot horizontal RMSE), using HEC-GeoRAS tools in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps, along with real-time stage data from the USGS streamgage station 02162500 and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical during flood-response and flood-recovery activities, such as evacuations, road closures, and disaster declarations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3244","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., Caldwell, A.W., and Clark, J.M., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the Saluda River from Old Easley Bridge Road to Saluda Lake Dam near Greenville, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3244, Pamphlet: v, 7 p.; 15 Sheets; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3244.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 7 p.; 15 Sheets; Downloads directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269061,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet14.pdf"},{"id":269050,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet3.pdf"},{"id":269063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3244.jpg"},{"id":269046,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/download/"},{"id":269044,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/"},{"id":269045,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/pdf/SIM3244_Pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":269047,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/download/00README.txt"},{"id":269048,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet2.pdf"},{"id":269049,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet1.pdf"},{"id":269051,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet4.pdf"},{"id":269062,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet15.pdf"},{"id":269052,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet5.pdf"},{"id":269055,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet10.pdf"},{"id":269056,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet8.pdf"},{"id":269057,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet9.pdf"},{"id":269053,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet6.pdf"},{"id":269054,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet7.pdf"},{"id":269058,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet13.pdf"},{"id":269059,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet11.pdf"},{"id":269060,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3244/sheets/SIM_3244_Sheet12.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 17","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Greenville","otherGeospatial":"Saluda Lake Dam, Saluda River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.494021,34.823984 ], [ -82.494021,34.852668 ], [ -82.473751,34.852668 ], [ -82.473751,34.823984 ], [ -82.494021,34.823984 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513eeedde4b0dcc73396933b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043931,"text":"70043931 - 2013 - Wetland management reduces sediment and nutrient loading to the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T13:52:43","indexId":"70043931","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland management reduces sediment and nutrient loading to the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Restored riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River basin have potential to remove sediment and nutrients from tributaries before they flow into the Mississippi River. For 3 yr we calculated retention efficiencies of a marsh complex, which consisted of a restored marsh and an adjacent natural marsh that were connected to Halfway Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi. We measured sediment, N, and P removal through a mass balance budget approach, N removal through denitrification, and N and P removal through mechanical soil excavation. The marsh complex had average retention rates of approximately 30 Mg sediment ha−1 yr−1, 26 kg total N ha−1 yr−1, and 20 kg total P ha−1 yr−1. Water flowed into the restored marsh only during high-discharge events. Although the majority of retention occurred in the natural marsh, portions of the natural marsh were hydrologically disconnected at low discharge due to historical over-bank sedimentation. The natural marsh removed >60% of sediment, >10% of P, and >5% of N loads (except the first year, when it was a N source). The marsh complex was a source of NH4+ and soluble reactive P. The average denitrification rate for the marsh complex was 2.88 mg N m−2 h−1. Soil excavation removed 3600 Mg of sediment, 5.6 Mg of N, and 2.7 Mg of P from the restored marsh. The marsh complex was effective in removing sediment and nutrients from storm flows; however, retention could be increased if more water was diverted into both restored and natural marshes before entering the river.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2012.0248","usgsCitation":"Kreiling, R.M., Schubauer-Berigan, J.P., Richardson, W.B., Bartsch, L., Hughes, P.E., and Strauss, E.A., 2013, Wetland management reduces sediment and nutrient loading to the upper Mississippi River: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 42, no. 2, p. 573-583, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0248.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041341","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268992,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0248"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d89e4b0b2908510f703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-9295-4156 rkreiling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":4234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","email":"rkreiling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.","contributorId":106220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, Peter E. pehughes@usgs.gov","contributorId":876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Peter","email":"pehughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strauss, Eric A.","contributorId":54395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70044402,"text":"70044402 - 2013 - Phenotypic plasticity in the spawning traits of bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in novel ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-20T20:05:17","indexId":"70044402","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic plasticity in the spawning traits of bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in novel ecosystems","docAbstract":"1. Bigheaded carp, including both silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (H. nobilis) carp, are successful invasive fishes that threaten global freshwater biodiversity. High phenotypic plasticity probably contributes to their success in novel ecosystems, although evidence of plasticity in several spawning traits has hitherto been largely anecdotal or speculative.\n\n2. We collected drifting eggs from a Midwestern U.S.A. river from June to September 2011 and from April to June 2012 to investigate the spawning traits of bigheaded carp in novel ecosystems.\n\n3. Unlike reports from the native range, the presence of drifting bigheaded carp eggs was not related to changes in hydrological regime or mean daily water temperature. Bigheaded carp also exhibited protracted spawning, since we found drifting eggs throughout the summer and as late as 1 September 2011. Finally, we detected bigheaded carp eggs in a river reach where the channel is c. 30 m wide with a catchment area of 4579 km2, the smallest stream in which spawning has yet been documented.\n\n4. Taken with previous observations of spawning traits that depart from those observed within the native ranges of both bighead and silver carp, our findings provide direct evidence that bigheaded carp exhibit plastic spawning traits in novel ecosystems that may facilitate invasion and establishment in a wider range of river conditions than previously envisaged.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12106","usgsCitation":"Coulter, A.A., Keller, D., Amberg, J., Bailey, E.J., and Goforth, R.R., 2013, Phenotypic plasticity in the spawning traits of bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in novel ecosystems: Freshwater Biology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 1029-1037, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12106.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1037","ipdsId":"IP-042992","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268996,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12106"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5173b8e7e4b0e619a5806eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coulter, Alison A.","contributorId":90992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":26877,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":475515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Doug","contributorId":102351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon J.","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":35205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goforth, Reuben R.","contributorId":96169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goforth","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044462,"text":"sir20135032 - 2013 - Evaluation of the groundwater-flow model for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky, updated to conditions in September 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-07T09:07:36","indexId":"sir20135032","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5032","title":"Evaluation of the groundwater-flow model for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky, updated to conditions in September 2010","docAbstract":"The Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Ky., is an important water resource for the cities of Carrollton and Ghent, as well as for several industries in the area. The groundwater of the aquifer is the primary source of drinking water in the region and a highly valued natural resource that attracts various water-dependent industries because of its quantity and quality. This report evaluates the performance of a numerical model of the groundwater-flow system in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Ky., published by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1999. The original model simulated conditions in November 1995 and was updated to simulate groundwater conditions estimated for September 2010. \nThe files from the calibrated steady-state model of November 1995 conditions were imported into MODFLOW-2005 to update the model to conditions in September 2010. The model input files modified as part of this update were the well and recharge files. The design of the updated model and other input files are the same as the original model. The ability of the updated model to match hydrologic conditions for September 2010 was evaluated by comparing water levels measured in wells to those computed by the model. Water-level measurements were available for 48 wells in September 2010. Overall, the updated model underestimated the water levels at 36 of the 48 measured wells. The average difference between measured water levels and model-computed water levels was 3.4 feet and the maximum difference was 10.9 feet. The root-mean-square error of the simulation was 4.45 for all 48 measured water levels. \nThe updated steady-state model could be improved by introducing more accurate and site-specific estimates of selected field parameters, refined model geometry, and additional numerical methods. Collection of field data to better estimate hydraulic parameters, together with continued review of available data and information from area well operators, could provide the model with revised estimates of conductance values for the riverbed and valley wall, hydraulic conductivities for the model layer, and target water levels for future simulations. Additional model layers, a redesigned model grid, and revised boundary conditions could provide a better framework for more accurate simulations. Additional numerical methods would identify possible parameter estimates and determine parameter sensitivities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Carrollton, Kentucky","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., 2013, Evaluation of the groundwater-flow model for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Carrollton, Kentucky, updated to conditions in September 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5032, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135032.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135032.png"},{"id":268880,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5032/"},{"id":268881,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5032/pdf/SIR2013-5032.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5715,36.4972 ], [ -89.5715,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,36.4972 ], [ -89.5715,36.4972 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5139b6ede4b09608cc166b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044452,"text":"sir20125007 - 2013 - Groundwater hydrology and estimation of horizontal groundwater flux from the Rio Grande at selected locations in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T14:59:36","indexId":"sir20125007","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5007","title":"Groundwater hydrology and estimation of horizontal groundwater flux from the Rio Grande at selected locations in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003-9","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque, New Mexico, area has two principal sources of water: groundwater from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system and surface water from the San Juan-Chama Diversion Project. From 1960 to 2002, groundwater withdrawals from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system have caused water levels to decline more than 120 feet in some places within the Albuquerque area, resulting in a great deal of interest in quantifying the river-aquifer interaction associated with the Rio Grande.\n\nIn 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Collaborative Program, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a detailed characterization of the hydrogeology of the Rio Grande riparian corridor in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area to provide hydrologic data and enhance the understanding of rates of water leakage from the Rio Grande to the alluvial aquifer, groundwater flow through the aquifer, and discharge of water from the aquifer to the riverside drains.\n\nA simple conceptual model of flow indicates that the groundwater table gently slopes from the Rio Grande towards riverside drains and the outer boundaries of the inner valley. Water infiltrating from the Rio Grande initially moves vertically below the river, but, as flow spreads farther into the Rio Grande inner valley alluvial aquifer, flow becomes primarily horizontal. The slope of the water-table surface may be strongly controlled by the riverside drains and influenced by other more distal hydrologic boundary conditions, such as groundwater withdrawals by wells.\n\nResults from 35 slug tests performed in the Rio Grande inner valley alluvial aquifer during January and February 2009 indicate that hydraulic-conductivity values ranged from 5 feet per day to 160 feet per day with a median hydraulic-conductivity for all transects of 40 feet per day. Median annual horizontal hydraulic gradients in the Rio Grande inner valley alluvial aquifer ranged from 0.011 to 0.002.\n\nGroundwater fluxes through the alluvial aquifer calculated by using median slug-test results (qmslug) and Darcy's law ranged from about 0.1 feet per day to about 0.7 feet per day. Groundwater fluxes calculated by using the Suzuki-Stallman method (qmheat) ranged from 0.52 feet per day to 0.23 feet per day.\n\nResults from the Darcy's law and Suzuki-Stallman flux calculations were compared to discharge measured in riverside drains on both sides of the river north of the Montaño Bridge on February 26, 2009. Flow in the Corrales Riverside Drain increased by 1.4 cubic feet per second from mile 2 to mile 4, about 12 cubic feet per day per linear foot of drain. Flow in the Albuquerque Riverside Drain increased by 15 cubic feet per second between drain miles 0 and 3, about 82 cubic feet per day per linear foot of drain.\n\nThe flux of water from the river to the aquifer was calculated to be 2.2 cubic feet per day per linear foot of river by using the median qmslug of 0.09 feet per day at Montaño transects west of the river. The total flux was calculated to be 6.0 cubic feet per day per linear foot of river by using the mean(qmheat of 0.24 feet per day for the Montaño transects west of the river. Assuming the Corrales Riverside Drain intercepted all of this flow, the qmslug or qmheat fluxes account for 18 to 50 percent, respectively, of the increase of flow in the drain. The flux of water from the river to the aquifer was calculated to be 15 cubic feet per day per linear foot of river by using the median qmslug of 0.30 feet per day at the Montaño transects east of the river. The flux of water from the river to the aquifer was calculated to be 17 cubic feet per day per linear foot of river by using the mean flux calculated from the Suzuki-Stallman method for the Montaño East transects of 0.34 feet per day. Assuming the Albuquerque Riverside Drain intercepted all this flow, the qmslug or (qmheat fluxes would only account for 18 to 21 percent, respectively, of the increase in flow in the drain.\n\nThe comparison of these results with those of previous investigations suggests that calculated flux through the Rio Grande inner valley alluvial aquifer is strongly scale dependent and that the thickness of aquifer through which river water flows may be greater than indicated by the vertical temperature profiles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125007","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D.R., McCoy, K.J., More, G.J., Worthington, J.A., and Bandy-Baldwin, K., 2013, Groundwater hydrology and estimation of horizontal groundwater flux from the Rio Grande at selected locations in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003-9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5007, vii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125007.","productDescription":"vii, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5007.gif"},{"id":268825,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5007/"},{"id":268824,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5007/SIR2012-5007.pdf"}],"state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Santa Fe Group Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.881796,34.946766 ], [ -106.881796,35.218054 ], [ -106.471163,35.218054 ], [ -106.471163,34.946766 ], [ -106.881796,34.946766 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5138656be4b02c509e50c45b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Dale R.","contributorId":50924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, Kurt J. 0000-0002-9756-8238 kjmccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9756-8238","contributorId":1391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Kurt","email":"kjmccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"More, Geoff J.M.","contributorId":94181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"More","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worthington, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":19450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthington","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bandy-Baldwin, Kimberly M.","contributorId":23409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandy-Baldwin","given":"Kimberly M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044411,"text":"sim3241 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the Flatrock River at Columbus, Indiana, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T13:56:27","indexId":"sim3241","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3241","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Flatrock River at Columbus, Indiana, 2012","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5-mile reach of the Flatrock River on the western side of Columbus, Indiana, from County Road 400N to the river mouth at the confluence with Driftwood River, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ and the Federal Flood Inundation Mapper Web site at http://wim.usgs.gov/FIMI/FloodInundationMapper.html, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Flatrock River at Columbus (station number 03363900). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service, which also presents the USGS data, at http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/. Flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at the Flatrock River streamgage, high-water marks that were surveyed following the flood of June 7, 2008, and water-surface profiles from the current flood-insurance study for the City of Columbus. The hydraulic model was then used to compute 12 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from 9 ft or near bankfull to 20 ft, which exceeds the stages that correspond to both the estimated 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood (500-year recurrence interval flood) and the maximum recorded peak flow. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Geographic Information System digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.37 ft vertical accuracy and 3.9 ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps on the USGS Federal Flood Inundation Mapper Web site, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3241","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the Flatrock River at Columbus, Indiana, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3241, Maps: 12 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Pamphlet: vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3241.","productDescription":"Maps: 12 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Pamphlet: vi, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3241.png"},{"id":268770,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/"},{"id":268780,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet9_626_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268781,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet10_627_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268771,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/sim3241-pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":268772,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet1_618_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268773,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet2_619_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268774,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet3_620_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268775,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet4_621_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268776,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet5_622_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268777,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet6_623_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268778,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet7_624_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268779,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet8_625_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268784,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet12_629_74ft.pdf"},{"id":268783,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3241/downloads/map_sheets/sim3241-sheet11_628_74ft.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Columbus","otherGeospatial":"Flatrock River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.006,39.1206 ], [ -86.006,39.2745 ], [ -85.793,39.2745 ], [ -85.793,39.1206 ], [ -86.006,39.1206 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513713f6e4b02ab8869bff93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044391,"text":"sir20135014 - 2013 - Evapotranspiration from marsh and open-water sites at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008--2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T18:48:19","indexId":"sir20135014","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5014","title":"Evapotranspiration from marsh and open-water sites at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008--2010","docAbstract":"Water allocation in the Upper Klamath Basin has become difficult in recent years due to the increase in occurrence of drought coupled with continued high water demand. Upper Klamath Lake is a central component of water distribution, supplying water downstream to the Klamath River, supplying water for irrigation diversions, and providing habitat for various species within the lake and surrounding wetlands. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the hydrologic budget of the lake and wetlands, and yet estimates of ET have been elusive—quantified only as part of a lumped term including other substantial water-budget components. To improve understanding of ET losses from the lake and wetlands, measurements of ET were made from May 2008 through September 2010. The eddy-covariance method was used to monitor ET at two wetland sites continuously during this study period and the Bowen-ratio energy-balance method was used to monitor open-water lake evaporation at two sites during the warmer months of the 3 study years. Vegetation at one wetland site (the bulrush site) consists of a virtual monoculture of hardstem bulrush (formerly Scirpus acutus, now Schoenoplectus acutus), and at the other site (the mixed site) consists of a mix of about 70 percent bulrush, 15 percent cattail (Typha latifolia), and 15 percent wocus (Nuphar polysepalum). Measured ET at these two sites was very similar (means were ±2.5 percent) and mean wetland ET is computed as a 70 to 30 percent weighted average of the bulrush and mixed sites, respectively, based on community-type distribution estimated from satellite imagery. Biweekly means of wetland ET typically vary from maximum values of around 6 to 7 millimeters per day during midsummer, to minimum values of less than 1 mm/d during midwinter. This strong annual signal primarily reflects life-cycle changes in the wetland vegetation, and the annual variation of radiative input to the surface and resulting temperature. The perennial vegetation begins each growing season submerged, emerges from the dead litter mat around late May or early June, reaches a maximum height of about 2.2 meters (m) during summer, senesces in October, and subsequently lodges over, contributing to the dead litter mat from previous years. Hydroperiods last about 5 to 6 months, typically beginning in January or February and ending in July or August, and have a minor influence on the annual ET cycle. These hydroperiods result from lake levels that typically vary about 1.3 m, from around 0.6 to 0.9 m above the wetland surface, to around 0.4 to 0.7 m below the wetland surface. An estimate of 3-year annual wetland ET, made by substituting early- and late-season data measured during 2009 for the missing periods in early 2008 and late 2010, is 0.938 meter per year (m/yr). Daily values of alfalfa-based reference ET (ETr) were retrieved from the Bureau of Reclamation AgriMet Web site (http://www.usbr.gov/pn/agrimet/index.html) and are aggregated into biweekly, annual, and 3-year values (for consistency, the 3-year values are also computed using substitute data from 2009 for early 2008 and late 2010). These ETr values are computed from weather data measured at the nearby Agency Lake weather station (AGKO), and are based on the assumption that the alfalfa crop is green and vigorous year-round. The 3-year value of ETr is 1.145 m/yr, about 22 percent greater than wetland ET. A comparison of 2008–2010 alfalfa and pasture growing season actual ET with wetland ET is made using data from the more distant Klamath Falls AgriMet weather station (KFLO) because actual alfalfa and pasture ET are not computed for the AGKO site. During the 190-day average alfalfa growing season, wetland ET (0.779 m) is about 7 percent less than alfalfa ET (0.838 m). During the 195-day average pasture growing season, wetland ET (0.789 m) is about 18 percent greater than pasture ET (0.671 m). Assuming alfalfa and pasture ET are equal to wetland ET during the non-growing season, annual estimates become 0.997 m, 0.938 m, and 0.820 m from alfalfa, wetland, and pasture, respectively. Wetland crop coefficients (Kc=ET/ETr) are computed at daily, biweekly, and annual time steps. Approximate formulas are given to estimate daily values of growing season Kc, thereby allowing computation of daily growing season ET using ETr from the AGKO weather station. Biweekly values of growing season Kc are computed from ensemble average values of ET and ETr during the 3 study period growing seasons, and a single, mean Kc is computed for the non-growing season. Together, these provide relatively accurate estimates of biweekly ET during the study (RMSE=0.396 and 0.347 mm/d, r2 = 62 and 0.971 at the bulrush and mixed sites, respectively). A fourth-order polynomial fit of the biweekly growing season values to day of year provides a more automated form of ET computation. Measured ET at the bulrush wetland site during the current study compares very closely with growing-season ET estimated during a study in 1997 at nearly the same location. During the earlier study, ET was measured four times, using eddy covariance for 1- to 2-day periods, and was estimated between measurement periods using a Penman-Monteith model, calibrated to the measurements. Differences between time series of ET from the two studies are similar to interannual differences within the current study. Compared to the 1997 study, the current study measured larger ET rates in early summer and smaller rates in late summer, resulting in very similar growing-season totals. A study conducted in 2000 estimated ET from nearby fallowed cropland, using the Bowen-ratio energy balance method supplemented with Priestley-Taylor and crop-coefficient ET modeling. Seasonal timing of ET from three different crop types varied considerably, but growing-season totals were remarkably similar, at 0.435 ± 0.009 m. Wetland ET measured during the current study, evaluated over the same growing season was 0.718 m, or about 65 percent greater than the fallowed cropland ET. Open-water evaporation from Upper Klamath Lake was measured at two locations during the warmer months of 2008–2010 using the Bowen-ratio energy balance method. Measured rates were in general agreement with those measured in 2003 using the same method. Open-water evaporation and wetland ET were nearly equal during late June through early August, when wetland vegetation was green and abundant. As expected, open-water evaporation consistently exceeded wetland ET during late summer, as wetland ET responded to vegetation senescence while open water evaporation responded to extra available energy in the form of heat previously stored in the lake. Overall, open-water evaporation was 20 percent greater than wetland ET during the same period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation.\r","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., Gannett, M.W., Polette, D.J., Cameron, J.M., Waibel, M.S., and Spears, J.M., 2013, Evapotranspiration from marsh and open-water sites at Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2008--2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5014, viii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135014.","productDescription":"viii, 65 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"78","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2013_5014.jpg"},{"id":268725,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5014/"},{"id":268726,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5014/pdf/sir20135014.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.61,42.0 ], [ -124.61,46.29 ], [ -116.46,46.29 ], [ -116.46,42.0 ], [ -124.61,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135c269e4b03b8ec4025b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Polette, Danial J. dpolette@usgs.gov","contributorId":1100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polette","given":"Danial","email":"dpolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cameron, Jason M.","contributorId":71289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waibel, M. Scott","contributorId":50795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waibel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spears, J. Mark","contributorId":81946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spears","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70093206,"text":"70093206 - 2013 - Application and evaluation of electromagnetic methods for imaging saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Seaside Groundwater Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T15:29:38.903757","indexId":"70093206","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-01T13:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application and evaluation of electromagnetic methods for imaging saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Seaside Groundwater Basin, California","docAbstract":"Developing effective resource management strategies to limit or prevent saltwater intrusion as a result of increasing demands on coastal groundwater resources requires reliable information about the geologic structure and hydrologic state of an aquifer system. A common strategy for acquiring such information is to drill sentinel wells near the coast to monitor changes in water salinity with time. However, installation and operation of sentinel wells is costly and provides limited spatial coverage. We studied the use of noninvasive electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods as an alternative to installation of monitoring wells for characterizing coastal aquifers. We tested the feasibility of using EM methods at a field site in northern California to identify the potential for and/or presence of hydraulic communication between an unconfined saline aquifer and a confined freshwater aquifer. One-dimensional soundings were acquired using the time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) methods. We compared inverted resistivity models of TDEM and AMT data obtained from several inversion algorithms. We found that multiple interpretations of inverted models can be supported by the same data set, but that there were consistencies between all data sets and inversion algorithms. Results from all collected data sets suggested that EM methods are capable of reliably identifying a saltwater-saturated zone in the unconfined aquifer. Geophysical data indicated that the impermeable clay between aquifers may be more continuous than is supported by current models.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysics","doi":"10.1190/geo2012-0004.1","usgsCitation":"Nenna, V., Herckenrather, D., Knight, R., Odlum, N., and McPhee, D., 2013, Application and evaluation of electromagnetic methods for imaging saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Seaside Groundwater Basin, California: Geophysics, v. 78, no. 2, p. B77-B88, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0004.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"B77","endPage":"B88","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-038194","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Ord Dunes State Park, Seaside Groundwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.830556,36.629722 ], [ -121.830556,36.8 ], [ -121.7,36.8 ], [ -121.7,36.629722 ], [ -121.830556,36.629722 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4d8fe4b0b290850f18f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nenna, Vanessa","contributorId":101982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nenna","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herckenrather, Daan","contributorId":69469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herckenrather","given":"Daan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, Rosemary","contributorId":84245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rosemary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odlum, Nick","contributorId":108390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odlum","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy","contributorId":75848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70118256,"text":"70118256 - 2013 - Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:08:36","indexId":"70118256","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-01T10:00:47","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen","docAbstract":"To test the effects of altered hydrology on organic soil decomposition, we investigated CO2 and CH4 production potential of rich-fen peat (mean surface pH = 6.3) collected from a field water table manipulation experiment including control, raised and lowered water table treatments. Mean anaerobic CO2 production potential at 10 cm depth (14.1 ± 0.9 μmol C g−1 d−1) was as high as aerobic CO2 production potential (10.6 ± 1.5 μmol C g−1 d−1), while CH4 production was low (mean of 7.8 ± 1.5 nmol C g−1 d−1). Denitrification enzyme activity indicated a very high denitrification potential (197 ± 23 μg N g−1 d−1), but net NO-3 reduction suggested this was a relatively minor pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. Abundances of denitrifier genes (nirK and nosZ) did not change across water table treatments. SO2-4 reduction also did not appear to be an important pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. The net accumulation of acetate and formate as decomposition end products in the raised water table treatment suggested that fermentation was a significant pathway for carbon mineralization, even in the presence of NO-3. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were the strongest predictors of potential anaerobic and aerobic CO2 production. Across all water table treatments, the CO2:CH4 ratio increased with initial DOC leachate concentrations. While the field water table treatment did not have a significant effect on mean CO2 or CH4 production potential, the CO2:CH4 ratio was highest in shallow peat incubations from the drained treatment. These data suggest that with continued drying or with a more variable water table, anaerobic CO2 production may be favored over CH4 production in this rich fen. Future research examining the potential for dissolved organic substances to facilitate anaerobic respiration, or alternative redox processes that limit the effectiveness of organic acids as substrates in anaerobic metabolism, would help explain additional uncertainty concerning carbon mineralization in this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032","usgsCitation":"Kane, E., Chivers, M., Turetsky, M., Treat, C.C., Petersen, D., Waldrop, M., Harden, J., and McGuire, A., 2013, Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 58, p. 50-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291109,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f346e4b0bc0bec0a08ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, E.S.","contributorId":42275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chivers, M.R.","contributorId":96505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chivers","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":96606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25501,"text":"University of Eastern Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, D.G.","contributorId":31687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waldrop, M.","contributorId":97436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70146651,"text":"70146651 - 2013 - Fens as whole-ecosystem gauges of groundwater recharge under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:17:35","indexId":"70146651","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-25T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fens as whole-ecosystem gauges of groundwater recharge under climate change","docAbstract":"Currently, little is known about the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range of California or other mountainous regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to determine whether small alpine peat lands called fens can be used as whole-ecosystem gauges of groundwater recharge through time. Fens are sustained by groundwater discharge and are highly sensitive to changes in groundwater flow due to hydrologic disturbance including climate change. Seven fens in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range were studied over a 50-80 year period using historic aerial photography. In each aerial photograph, fen areas were identified as open lawn and partially treed areas that exhibited (1) dark brownish-green coloring or various shades of gray and black in black and white imagery and (2) mottling of colors and clustering of vegetation, which signified a distinct moss canopy with overlying clumped sedge vegetation. In addition to the aerial photography study, a climate analysis for the study sites was carried out using both measured data (U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service SNOwpack TELemetry system) and modeled data (a downscaled version of the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) for the period from 1951 to 2010. Over the study period, the five fens in the Sierra Nevada were found to be decreasing between 10% and 16% in delineated area. The climate analysis revealed significant increases through time in annual mean minimum temperature (Tmin) between 1951-1980 and 1981-2010. In addition, April 1 snow water equivalent and snowpack longevity also decreased between 1951-1980 and 1981-2010. For the fens in the Cascade Range, there were no discernible changes in delineated area. At these sites, increases in Tmin occurred only within the past 20-25 years and decreases in snowpack longevity were more subtle. A conceptual model is presented, which illustrates that basic differences in hydrogeology of the Sierra Nevada vs. the Cascade Range may control the threshold at which changes in delineated fen areas are discernible. Overall, the results from this study show that fens in the Sierra Nevada have strong potential as whole ecosystem gauges for determining long-term changes in groundwater recharge under climate change. Due to either more moderate climate change and/or hydrogeological differences, fens in the southern Cascade Range currently do not appear to have the same utility. A greater sample size of fens in the Sierra Nevada is needed to confirm the general applicability of this method. In addition, future work needs to focus on integrating fen monitoring with geochemical and/or isotopic process-level studies in order to quantify changes in groundwater recharge identified using this new approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.056","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Knifong, D.L., Tuil, J., Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2013, Fens as whole-ecosystem gauges of groundwater recharge under climate change: Journal of Hydrology, v. 481, p. 22-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.056.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040704","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"481","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5536233ae4b0b22a15807a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":545227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuil, JayLee","contributorId":140341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuil","given":"JayLee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044000,"text":"70044000 - 2013 - Nitrate in watersheds: straight from soils to streams?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-20T19:35:59","indexId":"70044000","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate in watersheds: straight from soils to streams?","docAbstract":"Human activities are rapidly increasing the global supply of reactive N and substantially altering the structure and hydrologic connectivity of managed ecosystems. There is long-standing recognition that N must be removed along hydrologic flowpaths from uplands to streams, yet it has proven difficult to assess the generality of this removal across ecosystem types, and whether these patterns are influenced by land-use change. To assess how well upland nitrate (NO3-) loss is reflected in stream export, we gathered information from >50 watershed biogeochemical studies that reported nitrate concentrations ([NO3-]) for stream water and for either upslope soil solution or groundwater NO3- to examine whether stream export of NO3- accurately reflects upland NO3- losses. In this dataset, soil solution and streamwater [NO3-] were correlated across 40 undisturbed forest watersheds, with streamwater [NO3-] typically half (median = 50%) soil solution [NO3-]. A similar relationship was seen in 10 disturbed forest watersheds. However, for 12 watersheds with significant agricultural or urban development, the intercept and slope were both significantly higher than the relationship seen in forest watersheds. Differences in concentration between soil solution or groundwater and stream water may be attributed to biological uptake, microbial processes including denitrification, and/or preferential flow routing. The results of this synthesis are consistent with the hypotheses that undisturbed watersheds have a significant capacity to remove nitrate after it passes below the rooting zone and that land use changes tend to alter the efficiency or the length of watershed flowpaths, leading to reductions in nitrate removal and increased stream nitrate concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20030","usgsCitation":"Sudduth, E.B., Perakis, S., and Bernhardt, E., 2013, Nitrate in watersheds: straight from soils to streams?: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. G1, p. 291-302, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20030.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-018046","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268256,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20030"}],"volume":"118","issue":"G1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c87e9e4b0855fde669730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sudduth, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":8747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sudduth","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Emily S.","contributorId":92143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Emily S.","affiliations":[{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043605,"text":"fs20133004 - 2013 - Streamflow, groundwater, and water-quality monitoring by USGS Nevada Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T09:06:37","indexId":"fs20133004","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3004","title":"Streamflow, groundwater, and water-quality monitoring by USGS Nevada Water Science Center","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has monitored and assessed the quantity and quality of our Nation's streams and aquifers since its inception in 1879. Today, the USGS provides hydrologic information to aid in the evaluation of the availability and suitability of water for public and domestic supply, agriculture, aquatic ecosystems, mining, and energy development. Although the USGS has no responsibility for the regulation of water resources, the USGS hydrologic data complement much of the data collected by state, county, and municipal agencies, tribal nations, U.S. District Court Water Masters, and other federal agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency, which focuses on monitoring for regulatory compliance. The USGS continues its mission to provide timely and relevant water-resources data and information that are available to water-resource managers, non-profit organizations, industry, academia, and the public. Data collected by the USGS provide the science needed for informed decision-making related to resource management and restoration, assessment of flood and drought hazards, ecosystem health, and effects on water resources from land-use changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133004","usgsCitation":"Gipson, M.L., and Schmidt, K., 2013, Streamflow, groundwater, and water-quality monitoring by USGS Nevada Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3004, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133004.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2013_3004.jpg"},{"id":267533,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3004/"},{"id":267534,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3004/pdf/fs20133004.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Water Science Center","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -12,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -12,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -11.066666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -11.066666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -12,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f590ae4b03b29402c5d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gipson, Marsha L. mgipson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gipson","given":"Marsha","email":"mgipson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Kurtiss","contributorId":76611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kurtiss","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043614,"text":"sim3242 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for an 8.9-mile reach of the South Fork Little River at Hopkinsville, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T10:40:05","indexId":"sim3242","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3242","title":"Flood-inundation maps for an 8.9-mile reach of the South Fork Little River at Hopkinsville, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 8.9-mile reach of South Fork Little River at Hopkinsville, Kentucky, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Hopkinsville Community Development Services. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at South Fork Little River at Highway 68 By-Pass at Hopkinsville, Kentucky (station no. 03437495). Current conditions for the USGS streamgage may be obtained online at the USGS National Water Information System site (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory?agency_code=USGS&site_no=03437495). In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often co-located at USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the South Fork Little River reach by using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current (2012) stage-discharge relation at the South Fork Little River at Highway 68 By-Pass at Hopkinsville, Kentucky, streamgage and measurements collected during recent flood events. The calibrated model was then used to calculate 13 water-surface profiles for a sequence of flood stages, most at 1-foot intervals, referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from a stage near bank full to the estimated elevation of the 1.0-percent annual exceedance probability flood at the streamgage. To delineate the flooded area at each interval flood stage, the simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area by using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The DEM consisted of bare-earth elevations within the study area and was derived from a Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) dataset having a 3.28-foot horizontal resolution. These flood-inundation maps, along with online information regarding current stages from USGS streamgage and forecasted stages from the NWS, provide emergency management and local residents with critical information for flood response activities such as evacuations, road closures, and post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3242","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, Community Development Services","usgsCitation":"Lant, J.G., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for an 8.9-mile reach of the South Fork Little River at Hopkinsville, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3242, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3242.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3242.gif"},{"id":267558,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet05_stage14_0_.pdf"},{"id":267559,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet06_stage15_0.pdf"},{"id":267560,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet07_stage16_0.pdf"},{"id":267561,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet08_stage17_0.pdf"},{"id":267562,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet09_stage18_0.pdf"},{"id":267563,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet10_stage19_0.pdf"},{"id":267564,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet11_stage20_0.pdf"},{"id":267565,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet12_stage21_0.pdf"},{"id":267566,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet13_stage21_5.pdf"},{"id":267567,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/images/jpg_mapsheets"},{"id":267568,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf"},{"id":267569,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/Downloads"},{"id":267554,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet01_stage10_0.pdf"},{"id":267552,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/"},{"id":267553,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/sim3242.pdf"},{"id":267555,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet02_stage11_0.pdf"},{"id":267556,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet03_stage12_0.pdf"},{"id":267557,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3242/pdf/Sheet04_stage13_0.pdf"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Hopkinsville","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Little River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.5,36.816667 ], [ -87.5,36.866667 ], [ -87.425,36.866667 ], [ -87.425,36.816667 ], [ -87.5,36.816667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f58e2e4b03b29402c5d4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lant, Jeremiah G. 0000-0001-6688-4820 jlant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-4820","contributorId":4912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lant","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jlant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043174,"text":"sir20125286 - 2013 - Analysis of changes in water-level dynamics at selected sites in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T17:37:55","indexId":"sir20125286","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5286","title":"Analysis of changes in water-level dynamics at selected sites in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"The historical modification and regulation of the hydrologic patterns in the Florida Everglades have resulted in changes in the ecosystem of South Florida and the Florida Everglades. Since the 1970s, substantial focus has been given to the restoration of the Everglades ecosystem. The U.S. Geological Survey through its Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science and National Water-Quality Assessment Programs has been providing scientific information to resource managers to assist in the Everglades restoration efforts. The current investigation included development of a simple method to identify and quantify changes in historical hydrologic behavior within the Everglades that could be used by researchers to identify responses of ecological communities to those changes. Such information then could be used by resource managers to develop appropriate water-management practices within the Everglades to promote restoration. The identification of changes in historical hydrologic behavior within the Everglades was accomplished by analyzing historical time-series water-level data from selected gages in the Everglades using (1) break-point analysis of cumulative Z-scores to identify hydrologic changes and (2) cumulative water-level frequency distribution curves to evaluate the magnitude of those changes. This analytical technique was applied to six long-term water-level gages in the Florida Everglades. The break-point analysis for the concurrent period of record (1978–2011) identified 10 common periods of changes in hydrologic behavior at the selected gages. The water-level responses at each gage for the 10 periods displayed similarity in fluctuation patterns, highlighting the interconnectedness of the Florida Everglades hydrologic system. While the patterns were similar, the analysis also showed that larger fluctuations in water levels between periods occurred in Water Conservation Areas 2 and 3 in contrast to those in Water Conservation Area 1 and the Everglades National Park. Results from the analysis indicate that the cumulative Z-score curve, in conjunction with cumulative water-level frequency distribution curves, can be a useful tool in identifying and quantifying changes in historical hydrologic behavior within the Everglades. In addition to the analysis, a spreadsheet application was developed to assist in applying these techniques to time-series water-level data at gages within the Everglades and is included with this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125286","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Benedict, S., 2013, Analysis of changes in water-level dynamics at selected sites in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5286, v, 36 p.; ZEBRA Spreadsheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125286.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.; ZEBRA Spreadsheet","startPage":"i","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5286.gif"},{"id":267082,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5286/ZEBRA_(Beta-Version).xlsx"},{"id":267080,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5286/"},{"id":267081,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5286/pdf/sir2012-5286.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.03,31.0 ], [ -80.03,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51137b5fe4b0a9ee4115b9f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045661,"text":"70045661 - 2013 - Environmental factors that influence cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T16:15:47.555142","indexId":"70045661","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental factors that influence cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in reservoirs","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton are small to microscopic, free-floating algae that inhabit the open water of freshwater, estuarine, and saltwater systems. In freshwater lake and reservoirs systems, which are the focus of this chapter, phytoplankton communities commonly consist of assemblages of the major taxonomic groups, including green algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of single-celled organisms that can exist in a wide range of environments, not just open water, because of their adaptability [1-3]. It is the adaptability of cyanobacteria that enables this group to dominate the phytoplankton community and even form nuisance or harmful blooms under certain environmental conditions [3-6]. In fact, cyanobacteria are predicted to adapt favorably to future climate change in freshwater systems compared to other phytoplankton groups because of their tolerance to rising temperatures, enhanced vertical thermal stratification of aquatic ecosystems, and alterations in seasonal and interannual weather patterns [7, 8]. Understanding those environmental conditions that favor cyanobacterial dominance and bloom formation has been the focus of research throughout the world because of the concomitant production and release of nuisance and toxic cyanobacterial-derived compounds [4-6, 7-10]. However, the complex interaction among the physical, chemical, and biological processes within lakes, reservoirs, and large rivers often makes it difficult to identify primary environmental factors that cause the production and release of these cyanobacterial by-products.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"inTech","doi":"10.5772/54807","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Beaulieu, K., and Bradley, P.M., 2013, Environmental factors that influence cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in reservoirs, chap. of Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability, p. 27-55, https://doi.org/10.5772/54807.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-040841","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/54807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Spartanburg County","otherGeospatial":"Lake William C. Bowen, Municipal Reservoir #1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.183177,35.059373 ], [ -82.183177,35.148127 ], [ -81.94796,35.148127 ], [ -81.94796,35.059373 ], [ -82.183177,35.059373 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fa31e3e4b076c3a8d82644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaulieu, Karen M. kmbeauli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaulieu","given":"Karen M.","email":"kmbeauli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042831,"text":"70042831 - 2013 - Crowdsourcing to Acquire Hydrologic Data and Engage Citizen Scientists: CrowdHydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-10T15:02:15","indexId":"70042831","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crowdsourcing to Acquire Hydrologic Data and Engage Citizen Scientists: CrowdHydrology","docAbstract":"Spatially and temporally distributed measurements of processes, such as baseflow at the watershed scale, come at substantial equipment and personnel cost. Research presented here focuses on building a crowdsourced database of inexpensive distributed stream stage measurements. Signs on staff gauges encourage citizen scientists to voluntarily send hydrologic measurements (e.g., stream stage) via text message to a server that stores and displays the data on the web. Based on the crowdsourced stream stage, we evaluate the accuracy of citizen scientist measurements and measurement approach. The results show that crowdsourced data collection is a supplemental method for collecting hydrologic data and a promising method of public engagement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., and Lowry, C., 2013, Crowdsourcing to Acquire Hydrologic Data and Engage Citizen Scientists: CrowdHydrology: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 1, p. 151-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x.","startPage":"151","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-037685","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269036,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00956.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd537ae4b0b290850f52d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Chris","contributorId":67387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}