Managers in southern Nevada are challenge with determining appropriate goals and objectives and developing viable approaches for maintaining and restoring sustainable ecosystems in a time of rapid socio-ecological and environmental change. Sustainable or \"healthy\" ecosystems supply clean air, water and habitat for a diverse array of plants and animals. As described in Chapter 1, sustainable ecosystems retain characteristic processes like hydrological flux and storage, geomorphic processes, biogeochemical cycling and storage, biological activity and productivity, and population regeneration and reproduction over the normal cycle of disturbance events (modified from Chapin and others 1996 and Christensen and others 1996). Ecological restoration of stressed or disturbed ecosystems in an integral part of managing for sustainable ecosystems. The Society of Ecological Restoration International (SERI) defines ecological restoration as the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed (SERI 2004).
\nMany of the southern Nevada's ecosystems are being subjected to anthropogenic stressors that span global, regional, and local scales (Chapter 2)., and are crossing ecological thresholds to new alternative states (Chapter 4 and Chapter 5). These alternative states often represent novel communities with disturbance regimes that differ significantly from historic conditions. Past management and restoration goals often focused on returning ecosystems to pre-disturbance conditions (Harris and others 2006). This approach assumes stable or equilibrium conditions and ignores changes in ecosystems processes due to land uses, increases in CO2 concentrations, and climate change. A more realistic approach is to base management and restoration goals on the current potential of an ecosystem to support a given set of ecological conditions, and on the likelihood of future change due to warming climate (Harris and others 2006). This approach requires understanding ecosystem resilience to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change, the alternative states that exist for ecosystems, and the factors that result in threshold crossing (Bestelmeyer and others 2009; Hobbs and Harris 2001; Stingham and others 2003; Whisemnant 1999). It also requires the ability to predict how climate is likely to influence ecosystems in the future (Harris and others 2006).
\nThis chapter addresses the restoration aspects of Sub-goal 1.3 in the SNAP Science Research Strategy which is to restore and sustain proper function of southern Nevada's watersheds and landscapes (able 1.3; Turner and others 2009). The effects of global, regional and local stresses on southern Nevada ecosystems are presented in Chapter 2. Here, we discuss appropriate objectives and develop guidelines for maintaining and restoring southern Nevada ecosystems. We then discuss the differences in ecological resilience to stress and disturbance and resistance to invasive species in southern Nevada ecosystems and describe restoration and management approaches for the different ecosystem types. We conclude with knowledge gaps and management implications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Southern Nevada Agency Partnership science and research synthesis: Science to support land management in southern Nevada (General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-303)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Chambers, J., Pendleton, B.K., Sada, D.W., Ostoja, S.M., and Brooks, M.L., 2013, Maintaining and restoring sustainable ecosystems in southern Nevada: General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-303, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"30","ipdsId":"IP-037932","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294532,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr303.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.62994356826636,\n 35.02392827573823\n ],\n [\n -114.71108092890972,\n 36.05434128183754\n ],\n [\n -114.1610398819929,\n 35.96903144947467\n ],\n [\n -113.99956682074821,\n 39.38359318014548\n ],\n [\n -120.06431672841825,\n 39.64524306073176\n ],\n [\n -120.09127846963423,\n 38.90168971729281\n ],\n [\n -114.62994356826636,\n 35.02392827573823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ec0e4b0e641df8a7085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Jeanne C.","contributorId":75889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jeanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Burton K.","contributorId":107187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Burton","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sada, Donald W.","contributorId":20673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sada","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046839,"text":"70046839 - 2013 - Export of dissolved organic carbon from the Penobscot River basin in north-central Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T12:04:50.712023","indexId":"70046839","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Export of dissolved organic carbon from the Penobscot River basin in north-central Maine","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux from the Penobscot River and its major tributaries in Maine was determined using continuous discharge measurements, discrete water sampling, and the LOADEST regression software. The average daily flux during 2004–2007 was 71 kg C ha−1 yr−1 (392 Mt C d−1), an amount larger than measured in most northern temperate and boreal rivers. Distinct seasonal variation was observed in the relation between concentration and discharge (C–Q). During June through December (summer/fall), there was a relatively steep positive C–Q relation where concentration increased by a factor of 2–3 over the approximately 20-fold range of observed stream discharge for the Penobscot River near Eddington, Maine. In contrast, during January through May (winter/spring), DOC concentration did not increase with increasing discharge. In addition, we observed a major shift in the C–Q between 2004–2005 and 2006–2007, apparently resulting from unprecedented rainfall, runoff, and soil flushing beginning in late fall 2005. The relative contribution to the total Penobscot River basin DOC flux from each tributary varied dramatically by season, reflecting the role of large regulated reservoirs in certain basins. DOC concentration and flux per unit watershed area were highest in tributaries containing the largest areas in palustrine wetlands. Tributary DOC concentration and flux was positively correlated to percentage wetland area. Climatic or environmental changes that influence the magnitude or timing of river discharge or the abundance of wetlands will likely affect the export of DOC to the near-coastal ocean.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.039","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., and Aiken, G.R., 2013, Export of dissolved organic carbon from the Penobscot River basin in north-central Maine: Journal of Hydrology, v. 476, p. 244-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.039.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-017251","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274982,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.039"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.54764999904074,\n 46.31845656074887\n ],\n [\n -70.54764999904074,\n 44.56645421087305\n ],\n [\n -67.18174929040322,\n 44.56645421087305\n ],\n [\n -67.18174929040322,\n 46.31845656074887\n ],\n [\n -70.54764999904074,\n 46.31845656074887\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"476","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e519eae4b069f8d27ccaed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70093267,"text":"70093267 - 2013 - Potential effects of climate change on inland glacial lakes and implications for lake-dependent biota in Wisconsin: final report April 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T12:54:52","indexId":"70093267","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on inland glacial lakes and implications for lake-dependent biota in Wisconsin: final report April 2013","docAbstract":"The economic vitality and quality of life of many northern Wisconsin communities is closely \nassociated with the ecological condition of the abundant water resources in the region. Climate change \nmodels predict warmer temperatures, changes to precipitation patterns, and increased evapotranspiration in \nthe Great Lakes region. Recently (1950-2006), many regions of Wisconsin have experienced warming, and \nprecipitation has generally increased except in far northern Wisconsin. Modeling conducted by the \nUniversity of Wisconsin Nelson Environmental Institute Center for Climate Research predicts an increase \nin annual temperature by the middle of the 21st\n century of approximately 6°\nF statewide, and an increase in \nprecipitation of 1”–2”. However, summer precipitation in the northern part of the state is expected to be \nless and winter precipitation will be greater. By the end of the 21st century, the magnitude of changes in \ntemperature and precipitation are expected to intensify. \nSuch climatic changes have altered, and would further alter hydrological, chemical, and physical \nproperties of inland lakes. Lake-dependent wildlife sensitive to changes in water quality, are particularly \nsusceptible to lake quality-associated habitat changes and are likely to suffer restrictions to current breeding \ndistributions under some climate change scenarios. We have selected the common loon (Gavia immer) to \nserve as a sentinel lake-dependent piscivorous species to be used in the development of a template for \nlinking primary lake-dependent biota endpoints (e.g., decline in productivity and/or breeding range \ncontraction) to important lake quality indicators. In the current project, we evaluate how changes in \nfreshwater habitat quality (specifically lake clarity) may impact common loon lake occupancy in Wisconsin \nunder detailed climate-change scenarios. In addition, we employ simple land-use/land cover and habitat \nscenarios to illustrate the potential interaction of climate and land-use/land cover effects. The methods \nemployed here provide a template for studies where integration of physical and biotic models is used to \nproject future conditions under various climate and land use change scenarios. Findings presented here \nproject the future conditions of lakes and loons within an important watershed in northern Wisconsin – of \nimportance to water resource managers and state citizens alike.","language":"English","publisher":"Focus on Energy","collaboration":"Environmental and Economic Research and Development Program","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M., Walker, J.F., Kenow, K.P., Rasmussen, P.W., Garrison, P.J., Hanson, P.C., and Hunt, R.J., 2013, Potential effects of climate change on inland glacial lakes and implications for lake-dependent biota in Wisconsin: final report April 2013, x, 166 p.","productDescription":"x, 166 p.","numberOfPages":"176","ipdsId":"IP-038873","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.8894,42.4919 ], [ -92.8894,47.0807 ], [ -86.764,47.0807 ], [ -86.764,42.4919 ], [ -92.8894,42.4919 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594f7e4b0120853e8c10d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":38943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenow, Kevin P. 0000-0002-3062-5197 kkenow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-5197","contributorId":3339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"Kevin","email":"kkenow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasmussen, Paul W.","contributorId":17753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrison, Paul J.","contributorId":73193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, Paul C.","contributorId":35634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148176,"text":"70148176 - 2013 - Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:12:23","indexId":"70148176","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types","docAbstract":"Hydrologic connectivity can be an important driver of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Its effects on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in coastal marshes, however, are relatively poorly studied. We evaluated the effects of lateral hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected ponds: PCPs; temporary connected ponds: TCPs), and other environmental variables on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and functional feeding groups (FFGs) in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes in Louisiana, USA. We hypothesized that (1) aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in PCPs would have higher assemblage metric values (density, biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity) than TCPs and (2) the density and proportional abundance of certain FFGs (i.e. scrapers, shredders, and collectors) would be greater in freshwater marsh than brackish and saline marshes. The data in our study only partially supported our first hypothesis: while freshwater marsh PCPs had higher density and biomass than TCPs, assemblage metric values in saline TCPs were greater than saline PCPs. In freshwater TCPs, long duration of isolation limited access of macroinvertebrates from adjacent water bodies, which may have reduced assemblage metric values. However, the relatively short duration of isolation in saline TCPs provided more stable or similar habitat conditions, facilitating higher assemblage metric values. As predicted by our second hypothesis, freshwater PCPs and TCPs supported a greater density of scrapers, shredders, and collectors than brackish and saline ponds. Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages seem to be structured by individual taxa responses to salinity as well as pond habitat attributes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf","doi":"10.3354/ab00499","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service; International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Kang, S., and King, S.L., 2013, Effects of hydrologic connectivity on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different marsh types: Aquatic Biology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 149-160, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043694","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00499","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659941e4b0d9246a9eb61d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kang, Sung-Ryong","contributorId":140927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Sung-Ryong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170999,"text":"70170999 - 2013 - In-stream attenuation of neuro-active pharmaceuticals and their metabolites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T10:32:28","indexId":"70170999","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-stream attenuation of neuro-active pharmaceuticals and their metabolites","docAbstract":"In-stream attenuation was determined for 14 neuro-active pharmaceuticals and associated metabolites. Lagrangian sampling, which follows a parcel of water as it moves downstream, was used to link hydrological and chemical transformation processes. Wastewater loading of neuro-active compounds varied considerably over a span of several hours, and thus a sampling regime was used to verify that the Lagrangian parcel was being sampled and a mechanism was developed to correct measured concentrations if it was not. In-stream attenuation over the 5.4-km evaluated reach could be modeled as pseudo-first-order decay for 11 of the 14 evaluated neuro-active pharmaceutical compounds, illustrating the capacity of streams to reduce conveyance of neuro-active compounds downstream. Fluoxetine and N-desmethyl citalopram were the most rapidly attenuated compounds (t1/2 = 3.6 ± 0.3 h, 4.0 ± 0.2 h, respectively). Lamotrigine, 10,11,-dihydro-10,11,-dihydroxy-carbamazepine, and carbamazepine were the most persistent (t1/2 = 12 ± 2.0 h, 12 ± 2.6 h, 21 ± 4.5 h, respectively). Parent compounds (e.g., buproprion, carbamazepine, lamotrigine) generally were more persistent relative to their metabolites. Several compounds (citalopram, venlafaxine, O-desmethyl-venlafaxine) were not attenuated. It was postulated that the primary mechanism of removal for these compounds was interaction with bed sediments and stream biofilms, based on measured concentrations in stream biofilms and a column experiment using stream sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es402158t","usgsCitation":"Writer, J., Antweiler, R.C., Ferrar, I., Ryan, J.N., and Thurman, M., 2013, In-stream attenuation of neuro-active pharmaceuticals and their metabolites: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 17, p. 9781-9790, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402158t.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9781","endPage":"9790","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046093","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d659ee4b07e28b668457f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey 0000-0002-8585-8166 jwriter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8585-8166","contributorId":169360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrar, Imma","contributorId":169361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrar","given":"Imma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25479,"text":"CU Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, Michael","contributorId":72872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112474,"text":"70112474 - 2013 - Harmonizing multiple methods for reconstructing historical potential and reference evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T08:47:26","indexId":"70112474","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harmonizing multiple methods for reconstructing historical potential and reference evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Potential evapotranspiration (PET) and reference evapotranspiration (RET) data are usually critical components of hydrologic analysis. Many different equations are available to estimate PET and RET. Most of these equations, such as the Priestley-Taylor and Penman- Monteith methods, rely on detailed meteorological data collected at ground-based weather stations. Few weather stations collect enough data to estimate PET or RET using one of the more complex evapotranspiration equations. Currently, satellite data integrated with ground meteorological data are used with one of these evapotranspiration equations to accurately estimate PET and RET. However, earlier than the last few decades, historical reconstructions of PET and RET needed for many hydrologic analyses are limited by the paucity of satellite data and of some types of ground data. Air temperature stands out as the most generally available meteorological ground data type over the last century. Temperature-based approaches used with readily available historical temperature data offer the potential for long period-of-record PET and RET historical reconstructions. A challenge is the inconsistency between the more accurate, but more data intensive, methods appropriate for more recent periods and the less accurate, but less data intensive, methods appropriate to the more distant past. In this study, multiple methods are harmonized in a seamless reconstruction of historical PET and RET by quantifying and eliminating the biases of the simple Hargreaves-Samani method relative to the more complex and accurate Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods. This harmonization process is used to generate long-term, internally consistent, spatiotemporal databases of PET and RET.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935","usgsCitation":"Belaineh, G., Sumner, D., Carter, E., and Clapp, D., 2013, Harmonizing multiple methods for reconstructing historical potential and reference evapotranspiration: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 19, no. 8, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039256","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288619,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,27.0 ], [ -84.0,31.0 ], [ -80.0,31.0 ], [ -80.0,27.0 ], [ -84.0,27.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7736e4b0abf75cf2c0a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belaineh, Getachew","contributorId":37262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaineh","given":"Getachew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sumner, David","contributorId":63731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Edward","contributorId":49714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clapp, David","contributorId":10338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042795,"text":"70042795 - 2013 - Geologic, hydrologic, and urban hazards for design in desert environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T19:26:17.321565","indexId":"70042795","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:30:47","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and urban hazards for design in desert environments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design with the desert: Conservation and sustainable development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Leake, S.A., and Malloy, R.A., 2013, Geologic, hydrologic, and urban hazards for design in desert environments, chap. 5 of Design with the desert: Conservation and sustainable development, p. 91-120.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"120","ipdsId":"IP-022488","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520ca6e5e4b081fa6136d3e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Malloy, Richard","contributorId":111995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malloy","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509179,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John H.","contributorId":14320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brock","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509178,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Floyd, Anthony","contributorId":113794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floyd","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livingston, Margaret","contributorId":112580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509180,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509177,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malloy, Richard A.","contributorId":39688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malloy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046154,"text":"70046154 - 2013 - The water-quality effects of a bulkhead installed in the Dinero mine tunnel, near Leadville, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-24T15:22:05.982569","indexId":"70046154","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:17:47","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The water-quality effects of a bulkhead installed in the Dinero mine tunnel, near Leadville, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annual International Mine Water Association conference — Reliable mine water technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Reliable Mine Water Technology","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Mills, T.J., Amundson, A., Dee, K.T., Relego, M.R., and Borbely, C., 2013, The water-quality effects of a bulkhead installed in the Dinero mine tunnel, near Leadville, Colorado, in Annual International Mine Water Association conference — Reliable mine water technology, v. II, Golden, CO, p. 1157-1164.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1164","ipdsId":"IP-045971","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwaconferencesandcongresses/proceedings/278-proceedings-2013.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Dinero Mine, Sugar Loaf Mining District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.41923904418944,\n 39.226269374196264\n ],\n [\n -106.37065887451172,\n 39.226269374196264\n ],\n [\n -106.37065887451172,\n 39.268809522870185\n ],\n [\n -106.41923904418944,\n 39.268809522870185\n ],\n [\n -106.41923904418944,\n 39.226269374196264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, A.","contributorId":27825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838657,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueroa, L.","contributorId":176780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Figueroa","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838658,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolkersdorfer, C.","contributorId":176947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolkersdorfer","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838659,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":184043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amundson, Adolph","contributorId":289187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amundson","given":"Adolph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dee, Kato T.","contributorId":289188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dee","given":"Kato","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Relego, Melissa R.","contributorId":289189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Relego","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Borbely, Caitlin","contributorId":289190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borbely","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70114667,"text":"70114667 - 2013 - The influence of precipitation, vegetation and soil properties on the ecohydrology of sagebrush steppe rangelands on the INL site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-03T09:55:45","indexId":"70114667","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:52:42","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"The influence of precipitation, vegetation and soil properties on the ecohydrology of sagebrush steppe rangelands on the INL site","docAbstract":"The INL Site and other landscapes having sagebrush steppe vegetation are experiencing a simultaneous change in climate and floristics that result from increases in exotic species. Determining the separate and combined/interactive effects of climate and vegetation change is important for assessing future changes on the landscape and for hydrologic processes.
\nThis research uses the 72 experimental plots established and initially maintained for many years as the “Protective Cap Biobarrier Experiment” by Dr. Jay Anderson and the Stoller ESER program, and the experiment is also now referred to as the “INL Site Ecohydrology Study.” We are evaluating long-term impacts of different plant communities commonly found throughout Idaho subject to different precipitation regimes and to different soil depths. Treatments of amount and timing of precipitation (irrigation), soil depth, and either native/perennial or exotic grass vegetation allow researchers to investigate how vegetation, precipitation and soil interact to influence soil hydrology and ecosystem biogeochemistry. This information will be used to improve a variety of models, as well as provide data for these models.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Laboratory Site Enviromental Surveillance, Education, and Research Program","publisherLocation":"Broomfield, CO","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., 2013, The influence of precipitation, vegetation and soil properties on the ecohydrology of sagebrush steppe rangelands on the INL site, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","ipdsId":"IP-053875","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289094,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gsseser.com/LandManagement/ecohydrology2012.html"},{"id":289416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b84e4b014fc094d5477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70118249,"text":"70118249 - 2013 - Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:55:37","indexId":"70118249","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:41:03","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes","docAbstract":"The diversity of ecosystems across boreal landscapes, successional changes after disturbance and complicated permafrost histories, present enormous challenges for assessing how vegetation, water and soil carbon may respond to climate change in boreal regions. To address this complexity, we used a chronosequence approach to assess changes in vegetation composition, water storage and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks along successional gradients within four landscapes: (1) rocky uplands on ice-poor hillside colluvium, (2) silty uplands on extremely ice-rich loess, (3) gravelly–sandy lowlands on ice-poor eolian sand and (4) peaty–silty lowlands on thick ice-rich peat deposits over reworked lowland loess. In rocky uplands, after fire permafrost thawed rapidly due to low ice contents, soils became well drained and SOC stocks decreased slightly. In silty uplands, after fire permafrost persisted, soils remained saturated and SOC decreased slightly. In gravelly–sandy lowlands where permafrost persisted in drier forest soils, loss of deeper permafrost around lakes has allowed recent widespread drainage of lakes that has exposed limnic material with high SOC to aerobic decomposition. In peaty–silty lowlands, 2–4 m of thaw settlement led to fragmented drainage patterns in isolated thermokarst bogs and flooding of soils, and surface soils accumulated new bog peat. We were not able to detect SOC changes in deeper soils, however, due to high variability. Complicated soil stratigraphy revealed that permafrost has repeatedly aggraded and degraded in all landscapes during the Holocene, although in silty uplands only the upper permafrost was affected. Overall, permafrost thaw has led to the reorganization of vegetation, water storage and flow paths, and patterns of SOC accumulation. However, changes have occurred over different timescales among landscapes: over decades in rocky uplands and gravelly–sandy lowlands in response to fire and lake drainage, over decades to centuries in peaty–silty lowlands with a legacy of complicated Holocene changes, and over centuries in silty uplands where ice-rich soil and ecological recovery protect permafrost.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, M., Harden, J., Kanevskiy, M., O'Donnell, J., Wickland, K., Ewing, S., Manies, K., Zhuang, Q., Shur, Y., Striegl, R.G., and Koch, J.C., 2013, Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes: Environmental Research Letters, v. 8, no. 3, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f38ee4b0bc0bec0a0a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, M. 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Each discharge exceeds the 90th-percentile daily mean streamflow as determined by period-of-record, stream-gauge-specific, flow-duration curves. Each discharge therefore is assumed to represent discharge measurement made during direct-runoff conditions. The hydraulic properties of each discharge measurement included concomitant cross-sectional flow area, water-surface top width, and reported mean velocity. Systematic and statewide investigation of these data in pursuit of regional models for the estimation of discharge and mean velocity has not been previously attempted. Generalized additive regression modeling is used to develop readily implemented procedures by end-users for estimation of discharge and mean velocity from select predictor variables at ungauged stream locations. The discharge model uses predictor variables of cross-sectional flow area, top width, stream location, mean annual precipitation, and a generalized terrain and climate index (OmegaEM) derived for a previous flood-frequency regionalization study. The mean velocity model uses predictor variables of discharge, top width, stream location, mean annual precipitation, and OmegaEM. The discharge model has an adjusted R-squared value of about 0.95 and a residual standard error (RSE) of about 0.22 base-10 logarithm (cubic meters per second); the mean velocity model has an adjusted R-squared value of about 0.67 and an RSE of about 0.063 fifth root (meters per second). Example applications and computations using both regression models are provided. - See more at: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0000635#sthash.jhGyPxgZ.dpuf
","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000635","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., Herrmann, G.R., and Cleveland, T., 2013, Generalized additive regression models of discharge and mean velocity associated with direct-runoff conditions in Texas: Utility of the U.S. Geological Survey discharge measurement database: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 18, no. 10, p. 1331-1348, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000635.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1348","ipdsId":"IP-039500","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006066e4b0e85db3a5de0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrmann, George R.","contributorId":191361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G.","contributorId":88029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136386,"text":"70136386 - 2013 - Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-05T09:46:02","indexId":"70136386","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model","docAbstract":"Winter cover crops are an effective conservation management practice with potential to improve water quality. Throughout the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (CBW), which is located in the Mid-Atlantic US, winter cover crop use has been emphasized and federal and state cost-share programs are available to farmers to subsidize the cost of winter cover crop establishment. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of planting winter cover crops at the watershed scale and to identify critical source areas of high nitrate export. A physically-based watershed simulation model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data and satellite-based estimates of winter cover crop species performance to simulate hydrological processes and nutrient cycling over the period of 1991–2000. Multiple scenarios were developed to obtain baseline information on nitrate loading without winter cover crops planted and to investigate how nitrate loading could change with different winter cover crop planting scenarios, including different species, planting times, and implementation areas. The results indicate that winter cover crops had a negligible impact on water budget, but significantly reduced nitrate leaching to groundwater and delivery to the waterways. Without winter cover crops, annual nitrate loading was approximately 14 kg ha−1, but it decreased to 4.6–10.1 kg ha−1 with winter cover crops resulting in a reduction rate of 27–67% at the watershed scale. Rye was most effective, with a potential to reduce nitrate leaching by up to 93% with early planting at the field scale. Early planting of winter cover crops (~30 days of additional growing days) was crucial, as it lowered nitrate export by an additional ~2 kg ha−1 when compared to late planting scenarios. The effectiveness of cover cropping increased with increasing extent of winter cover crop implementation. Agricultural fields with well-drained soils and those that were more frequently used to grow corn had a higher potential for nitrate leaching and export to the waterways. This study supports the effective implement of winter cover crop programs, in part by helping to target critical pollution source areas for winter cover crop implementation.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-10-14229-2013","collaboration":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD; Dream it Do it Western New York, Jamestown, NY; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Beltsville, MD","usgsCitation":"Yeo, I., Lee, S., Sadeghi, A.M., Beeson, P.C., Hively, W., McCarty, G.W., and Lang, M.W., 2013, Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 10, no. 11, p. 14229-14263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14229-2013.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"14229","endPage":"14263","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056041","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14229-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay Watershed","volume":"10","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b3ce4b08de9379b32bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeo, In-Young","contributorId":131145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeo","given":"In-Young","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Sangchui","contributorId":131146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Sangchui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sadeghi, Ali M.","contributorId":131147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadeghi","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7262,"text":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeson, Peter C.","contributorId":131148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beeson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7263,"text":"Dream it Do it Western New York, Jamestown, NY 14701","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean whively@usgs.gov","contributorId":4919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","email":"whively@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCarty, Greg W.","contributorId":131149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7262,"text":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":131150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7264,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174138,"text":"70174138 - 2013 - Management of wetlands for wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:08:37","indexId":"70174138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management of wetlands for wildlife","docAbstract":"Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems that provide habitat for a diversity of wildlife species and afford various ecosystem services. Managing wetlands effectively requires an understanding of basic ecosystem processes, animal and plant life history strategies, and principles of wildlife management. Management techniques that are used differ depending on target species, coastal versus interior wetlands, and available infrastructure, resources, and management objectives. Ideally, wetlands are managed as a complex, with many successional stages and hydroperiods represented in close proximity. Managing wetland wildlife typically involves manipulating water levels and vegetation in the wetland, and providing an upland buffer. Commonly, levees and water control structures are used to manipulate wetland hydrology in combination with other management techniques (e.g., disking, burning, herbicide application) to create desired plant and wildlife responses. In the United States, several conservation programs are available to assist landowners in developing wetland management infrastructure on their property. Managing wetlands to increase habitat quality for wildlife is critical, considering this ecosystem is one of the most imperiled in the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-6907-6_4","usgsCitation":"Gray, M.J., Hagy, H.M., J. Andrew Nyman, and Stafford, J.D., 2013, Management of wetlands for wildlife, p. 121-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6907-6_4.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038465","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb2e4b07657d1a90ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Matthew J.","contributorId":172498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16989,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagy, Heath M.","contributorId":172496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagy","given":"Heath","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27056,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Havana, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"J. Andrew Nyman","contributorId":172497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"J. Andrew Nyman","affiliations":[{"id":16756,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138190,"text":"70138190 - 2013 - Towards a publicly available, map-based regional software tool to estimate unregulated daily streamflow at ungauged rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-15T11:58:35","indexId":"70138190","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1818,"text":"Geoscientific Model Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards a publicly available, map-based regional software tool to estimate unregulated daily streamflow at ungauged rivers","docAbstract":"Streamflow information is critical for addressing any number of hydrologic problems. Often, streamflow information is needed at locations that are ungauged and, therefore, have no observations on which to base water management decisions. Furthermore, there has been increasing need for daily streamflow time series to manage rivers for both human and ecological functions. To facilitate negotiation between human and ecological demands for water, this paper presents the first publicly available, map-based, regional software tool to estimate historical, unregulated, daily streamflow time series (streamflow not affected by human alteration such as dams or water withdrawals) at any user-selected ungauged river location. The map interface allows users to locate and click on a river location, which then links to a spreadsheet-based program that computes estimates of daily streamflow for the river location selected. For a demonstration region in the northeast United States, daily streamflow was, in general, shown to be reliably estimated by the software tool. Estimating the highest and lowest streamflows that occurred in the demonstration region over the period from 1960 through 2004 also was accomplished but with more difficulty and limitations. The software tool provides a general framework that can be applied to other regions for which daily streamflow estimates are needed.
In the United States, estimation of flood frequency quantiles at ungauged locations has been largely based on regional regression techniques that relate measurable catchment descriptors to flood quantiles. More recently, spatial interpolation techniques of point data have been shown to be effective for predicting streamflow statistics (i.e., flood flows and low-flow indices) in ungauged catchments. Literature reports successful applications of two techniques, canonical kriging, CK (or physiographical-space-based interpolation, PSBI), and topological kriging, TK (or top-kriging). CK performs the spatial interpolation of the streamflow statistic of interest in the two-dimensional space of catchment descriptors. TK predicts the streamflow statistic along river networks taking both the catchment area and nested nature of catchments into account. It is of interest to understand how these spatial interpolation methods compare with generalized least squares (GLS) regression, one of the most common approaches to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged locations. By means of a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, the performance of CK and TK was compared to GLS regression equations developed for the prediction of 10, 50, 100 and 500 yr floods for 61 streamgauges in the southeast United States. TK substantially outperforms GLS and CK for the study area, particularly for large catchments. The performance of TK over GLS highlights an important distinction between the treatments of spatial correlation when using regression-based or spatial interpolation methods to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged locations. The analysis also shows that coupling TK with CK slightly improves the performance of TK; however, the improvement is marginal when compared to the improvement in performance over GLS.
For more than 30 years the agreements developed for the aquifer systems of the lower Rio Grande and related river compacts of the Rio Grande River have evolved into a complex setting of transboundary conjunctive use. The conjunctive use now includes many facets of water rights, water use, and emerging demands between the states of New Mexico and Texas, the United States and Mexico, and various water-supply agencies. The analysis of the complex relations between irrigation and streamflow supplyand-demand components and the effects of surface-water and groundwater use requires an integrated hydrologic model to track all of the use and movement of water. MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MFFMP) provides the integrated approach needed to assess the stream-aquifer interactions that are dynamically affected by irrigation demands on streamflow allotments that are supplemented with groundwater pumpage. As a first step to the ongoing full implementation of MF-FMP by the USGS, the existing model (LRG_2007) was modified to include some FMP features, demonstrating the ability to simulate the existing streamflow-diversion relations known as the D2 and D3 curves, departure of downstream deliveries from these curves during low allocation years and with increasing efficiency upstream, and the dynamic relation between surface-water conveyance and estimates of pumpage and recharge. This new MF-FMP modeling framework can now internally analyze complex relations within the Lower Rio Grande Hydrologic Model (LRGHM_2011) that previous techniques had limited ability to assess.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODFLOW and more 2013--Translating science into practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines, Integrated Groundwater Modeling Center","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Schmid, W., Knight, J.E., and Maddock, T., 2013, Integrated hydrologic modeling of a transboundary aquifer system —Lower Rio Grande, in MODFLOW and more 2013--Translating science into practice, p. 57-61.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"61","ipdsId":"IP-042752","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833023e4b0d0023163779a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":140408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, Jacob E. 0000-0003-0271-9011 jknight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-9011","contributorId":5143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Jacob","email":"jknight@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas III","contributorId":32983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70041785,"text":"70041785 - 2013 - Mobile Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T16:15:21.87051","indexId":"70041785","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"K","title":"Mobile Bay","docAbstract":"Mobile Bay is the largest bay found in Alabama’s coastal area (Handley et al., 2007). It was named an Estuary of National Significance in 1995 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Estuary Program (NEP), and its Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan was completed in 2002. Mobile Bay is 1,070 km2 (413 miles2) in area and 51 km (32 miles) long, making it the sixth largest estuary in the continental United States (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008). Its ecosystem provides habitat for more than 300 species of birds, 310 species of fish, 68 species of reptiles, 57 species of mammals, 40 species of amphibians, and 15 species of shrimp (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). Mobile Bay lies between the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyways (Mobile Bay NEP, 2003). Commercial and residential development and industrial use is heavy in the Mobile Bay area. Although local growth and industrial markets support the Mobile Bay area economy, the resulting environmental damage to the very ecosystem upon which they depend remains a threat to the environment, economy, and population.
The Mobile Bay ecosystem boasts high biological diversity and productivity and supports many freshwater and saltwater species of recreational and commercial importance. The great diversity of Mobile Bay reflects the diversity of Alabama, which is home to the largest number of different plant and animal species of all states east of the Mississippi River (Stein, 2002), and is bolstered by the unique climate and geographic conditions surrounding the bay. Freshwater inflow from the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta, ranging from 60,000 to 3,700,000 gallons per second (Wallace, 1996), mixes with saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico, which enters Mobile Bay via wind and tides (Burgan and Engle, 2006). Because of the unique conditions surrounding Mobile Bay, including shallow waters, a dynamic climate, and artificial hydrologic modifications—such as the construction of the Mobile Bay Causeway in the 1920s, which serves as an unintentional barrier between Delta waters north of the Causeway and saline waters south of the Causeway, the salinity of Mobile Bay is highly variable. Mobile Bay receives an average of 165 cm (65 inches) of rain per year from tropical storms, summer thunderstorms, and winter cold fronts (Stout et al., 1998).
The climate and geography that have made Mobile Bay so rich in resources have also contributed to the threats surrounding its ecosystem. The extensive amount of rain in Mobile Bay creates large amounts of runoff, polluting the waters with fertilizers, chemicals, sediment, oil, trash, and sewage (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). Tourism, ecotourism, recreational and commercial fishing, recreational boating, shipping, and chemical, pulp, and paper production are significant industries in Mobile Bay and the surrounding areas. Despite the approximate \\$3 billion and 55,000 jobs these industries bring into the community (Alabama Tourism Department, 2010), the growth, development, and environmental stress they create are major threats to the Mobile Bay ecosystem.
Among the nation’s states, Alabama ranks fifth in number of different species (144 endemic species), second in number of extinctions that have already occurred (90 extinct species) and fourth in number of species at risk for extinction (14.8% at risk out of 4,533 total species; Stein, 2002). Twenty-one of these threatened and endangered species are found in Mobile Bay, whose brackish waters provide a nursery area for many species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Some of these species include the Alabama sturgeon, Gulf sturgeon, heavy pigtoe mussel, inflated heel-splitter mussel, West Indian manatee, Alabama beach mouse, Perdido beach mouse, Alabama red-bellied turtle, gopher tortoise, Kemp’s ridley sea turtle, green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, eastern indigo snake, flatwoods salamander, piping plover, red-cockaded woodpecker, and wood stork. Habitat loss underlies the decline of some bird species in Mobile Bay, and large mammals such as the red wolf, Florida panther, and Florida black bear are no longer found in the area. However, some rare species, such as the swallow-tailed kite, sandhill crane, and gopher tortoise can still be found (Duke and Kruczynski, 1992). The value of wetlands in Mobile Bay and the rest of the Gulf of Mexico is still being investigated. Although various monetary valuations of wetlands exist, critics remark that undervaluation of wetlands is inevitable (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008) and that estimates often do not place appropriate value on ecological services (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). Additionally, many estimates account only for anthropogenic values. One estimate concludes that one acre of wetlands performs \\$3,000 worth of water purification each year (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). With more than 76,890 hectares (190,000 acres) of wetlands in the Mobile Bay area, that equates to a value exceeding one-half billion dollars every year. Tourism, fishing, boating, production, and shipping are significant industries in the Mobile Bay area. More than 90% of fish landed in recreational and commercial fishing in the bay depend on bay habitat, including wetlands, for life requirements (Mobile Bay NEP, 1997). The Port of Mobile is Alabama’s only ocean-ship port (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008). Baldwin County, on the eastern side of the bay, experienced a population increase of 75% from 1990 to 2007, with an 89% increase in housing units (Mobile Bay NEP, 2008). Development and industry support the Mobile Bay economy, but they depend on the continued health, sustainability, and production of the water and living resources of the Mobile Bay ecosystem. Wetland loss, along with other forms of environmental degradation, remains a threat to the Mobile Bay ecosystem and Mobile Bay’s socioeconomic foundation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"2013 Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) All Hands Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 25-27, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Handley, L.R., Spear, K.A., Jones, S., and Thatcher, C.A., 2013, Mobile Bay, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037809","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gom.usgs.gov/web/Site/EmWetStatusTrends"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.85,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -87.85,\n 30.9\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.9\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.7\n ],\n [\n -88.24,\n 30.7\n ],\n [\n -88.24,\n 30.3\n ],\n [\n -88.24,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -88.15,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -87.76,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -87.76,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -87.85,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdee4b0d1f9f065ab03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-8942-2856 speark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-2856","contributorId":1949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Kathryn","email":"speark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Stephen","contributorId":118160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A. 0000-0003-0331-071X thatcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":2868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy","email":"thatcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187113,"text":"70187113 - 2013 - Hydrologic connectivity to streams increases nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and cycling in soils of created and natural floodplain wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-24T11:28:32","indexId":"70187113","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connectivity to streams increases nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and cycling in soils of created and natural floodplain wetlands","docAbstract":"Greater connectivity to stream surface water may result in greater inputs of allochthonous nutrients that could stimulate internal nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in natural, restored, and created riparian wetlands. This study investigated the effects of hydrologic connectivity to stream water on soil nutrient fluxes in plots (n = 20) located among four created and two natural freshwater wetlands of varying hydrology in the Piedmont physiographic province of Virginia. Surface water was slightly deeper; hydrologic inputs of sediment, sediment-N, and ammonium were greater; and soil net ammonification, N mineralization, and N turnover were greater in plots with stream water classified as their primary water source compared with plots with precipitation or groundwater as their primary water source. Soil water-filled pore space, inputs of nitrate, and soil net nitrification, P mineralization, and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) were similar among plots. Soil ammonification, N mineralization, and N turnover rates increased with the loading rate of ammonium to the soil surface. Phosphorus mineralization and ammonification also increased with sedimentation and sediment-N loading rate. Nitrification flux and DEA were positively associated in these wetlands. In conclusion, hydrologic connectivity to stream water increased allochthonous inputs that stimulated soil N and P cycling and that likely led to greater retention of sediment and nutrients in created and natural wetlands. Our findings suggest that wetland creation and restoration projects should be designed to allow connectivity with stream water if the goal is to optimize the function of water quality improvement in a watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2012.0466","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K.L., Noe, G.E., and Ahn, C., 2013, Hydrologic connectivity to streams increases nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and cycling in soils of created and natural floodplain wetlands: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 42, no. 4, p. 1245-1255, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0466.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1255","ipdsId":"IP-024681","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea7e4b006455f2d61f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Kristin L.","contributorId":92151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahn, Changwoo","contributorId":38047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahn","given":"Changwoo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156522,"text":"70156522 - 2013 - Interactions among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation, and nutrient biogeochemistry in floodplain ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T14:53:06.263227","indexId":"70156522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"subseriesTitle":"Treatise on Geomorphology","title":"Interactions among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation, and nutrient biogeochemistry in floodplain ecosystems","docAbstract":"Hydrogeomorphic, vegetative, and biogeochemical processes interact in floodplains resulting in great complexity that provides opportunities to better understand linkages among physical and biological processes in ecosystems. Floodplains and their associated river systems are structured by four-dimensional gradients of hydrogeomorphology: longitudinal, lateral, vertical, and temporal components. These four dimensions create dynamic hydrologic and geomorphologic mosaics that have a large imprint on the vegetation and nutrient biogeochemistry of floodplains. Plant physiology, population dynamics, community structure, and productivity are all very responsive to floodplain hydrogeomorphology. The strength of this relationship between vegetation and hydrogeomorphology is evident in the use of vegetation as an indicator of hydrogeomorphic processes. However, vegetation also influences hydrogeomorphology by modifying hydraulics and sediment entrainment and deposition that typically stabilize geomorphic patterns. Nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemistry commonly influence plant productivity and community composition, although productivity is not limited by nutrient availability in all floodplains. Conversely, vegetation influences nutrient biogeochemistry through direct uptake and storage as well as production of organic matter that regulates microbial biogeochemical processes. The biogeochemistries of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling are very sensitive to spatial and temporal variation in hydrogeomorphology, in particular floodplain wetness and sedimentation. The least-studied interaction is the direct effect of biogeochemistry on hydrogeomorphology, but the control of nutrient availability over organic matter decomposition and thus soil permeability and elevation is likely important. Biogeochemistry also has the more documented but indirect control of hydrogeomorphology through regulation of plant biomass. In summary, the defining characteristics of floodplain ecosystems are determined by the many interactions among physical and biological processes. Conservation and restoration of the valuable ecosystem services that floodplains provide depend on improved understanding and predictive models of interactive system controls and behavior.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00338-9","usgsCitation":"Noe, G.B., 2013, Interactions among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation, and nutrient biogeochemistry in floodplain ecosystems, chap. of Treatise on geomorphology, v. 12, p. 307-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00338-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402fe4b0518e354d110b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569384,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Noe, G. B.","contributorId":146903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154975,"text":"70154975 - 2013 - Valley plugs, land use, and phytogeomorphic response: Chapter 14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T11:31:24","indexId":"70154975","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Valley plugs, land use, and phytogeomorphic response: Chapter 14","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic alteration of fluvial systems can disrupt functional processes that provide valuable ecosystem services. Channelization alters fluvial parameters and the connectivity of river channels to their floodplains which is critical for productivity, nutrient cycling, flood control, and biodiversity. The effects of channelization can be exacerbated by local geology and land-use activities, resulting in dramatic geomorphic readjustments including the formation of valley plugs. Considerable variation in the response of abiotic processes, including surface hydrology, subsurface hydrology, and sedimentation dynamics, to channelization and the formation of valley plugs. Altered abiotic processes associated with these geomorphic features and readjustments influence biotic processes including species composition, abundance, and successional processes. Considerable interest exists for restoring altered fluvial systems and their floodplains because of their social and ecological importance. Understanding abiotic and biotic responses of channelization and valley-plug formation within the context of the watershed is essential to successful restoration. This chapter focuses on the primary causes of valley-plug formation, resulting fluvial-geomorphic responses, vegetation responses, and restoration and research needs for these systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geomorphology: Ecogeomorphology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00330-4","usgsCitation":"Pierce, A.R., and King, S.L., 2013, Valley plugs, land use, and phytogeomorphic response: Chapter 14, chap. 14 of Treatise on Geomorphology: Ecogeomorphology, v. 12, p. 221-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00330-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025579","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beafe4b09a3b01b530ab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":145788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shroder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565302,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Aaron R.","contributorId":94421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33463,"text":"Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156873,"text":"70156873 - 2013 - Managing the impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wastewater-impacted streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T14:48:14","indexId":"70156873","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Managing the impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wastewater-impacted streams","docAbstract":"A revolution in analytical instrumentation circa 1920 greatly improved the ability to characterize chemical substances [1]. This analytical foundation resulted in an unprecedented explosion in the design and production of synthetic chemicals during and post-World War II. What is now often referred to as the 2nd Chemical Revolution has provided substantial societal benefits; with modern chemical design and manufacturing supporting dramatic advances in medicine, increased food production, and expanding gross domestic products at the national and global scales as well as improved health, longevity, and lifestyle convenience at the individual scale [1, 2]. Presently, the chemical industry is the largest manufacturing sector in the United States (U.S.) and the second largest in Europe and Japan, representing approximately 5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in each of these countries [2]. At the turn of the 21st century, the chemical industry was estimated to be worth more than $1.6 trillion and to employ over 10 million people, globally [2]. During the first half of the 20th century, the chemical sector expanded rapidly, the chemical industry enjoyed a generally positive status in society, and chemicals were widely appreciated as fundamental to individual and societal quality of life. Starting in the 1960s, however, the environmental costs associated with the chemical industry increasingly became the focus, due in part to the impact of books like “Silent Spring” [3] and “Our Stolen Future” [4] and to a number of highly publicized environmental disasters. Galvanizing chemical industry disasters included the 1976 dioxin leak north of Milan, Italy, the Love Canal evacuations in Niagara, New York beginning in 1978, and the Union Carbide leak in Bhopal, India in 1984 [2]. Understanding the environmental impact of synthetic compounds is essential to any informed assessment of net societal benefit, for the simple reason that any chemical substance that is in commercial production or use will eventually find its way to the environment [5]. Not surprisingly given the direct link to profits, manufacturers intensely investigate and routinely document the potential benefits of new chemicals and chemical products. In contrast, the environmental risks associated with chemical production and uses are often investigated less intensely and are poorly communicated. An imbalance in the risk-benefit analysis of any synthetic chemical substance or naturally occurring chemical, which presence and concentration in the environment largely reflects human activities and management, is a particular concern owing to the fundamental link between chemistry and biology. Biological organisms are intrinsically a homeostatic balance of innumerable internal and external chemical interactions and, thus, inherently sensitive to changes in the external chemical environment.
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