The Peconic Estuary, at the eastern end of Long Island, has been plagued by a recurrent algal bloom that has caused the severe decline of local marine resources. Although the onset, duration, and cessation of the bloom remain unpredictable, ground-water discharge has been shown to affect surface-water quality in the western part of the estuary. Results from a study on the North Fork of Long Island indicate that local hydrogeologic factors cause differences in ground-water age and characteristics of discharge to the estuary. The need for information on the local patterns and rates of ground-water discharge to the Peconic Estuary prompted analysis of ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the estuary. Meetinghouse Creek, near the west end of the North Fork; Sag Harbor Cove, in the central part of the South Fork; and West Neck Bay, on Shelter Island.
Ground-water-flow models were developed, and particle-tracking procedures were applied to the results of each model, to define the flow paths and traveltime of ground water to the three embayments. The steady-state flow models represent the two-dimensional ground-water-flow system along a vertical section through the uplands of each embayment and simulate long-term hydrologic conditions. The particle-tracking procedure used model-generated ground-water levels and flow rates to calculate the water-particle pathlines and times-of-travel through each flow system from the point of entry (recharge) to the point of exit at streams, the shore, or subsea-discharge areas.
Results for the Meetinghouse Creek study area indicate that about 50 percent of the total recharge that enters the system flows southward to Meetinghouse Creek; half of this amount discharges as base flow to the fresh-water reach of the creek, and half as shoreline underflow to the estuarine reach. About 85 percent of the total discharge to Meetinghouse Creek has flowed entirely within the upper glacial aquifer, and about 15 percent has flowed through the Magothy aquifer. The average age of all ground water discharged to Meetinghouse Creek is about 60 years; the average age of base flow to the freshwater reach of the creek is about 7 years, and the average age of shoreline underflow to the estuarine reach is about 120 years. The results for the Sag Harbor Cove study area indicate that about 30 percent of the total recharge that enters the system flows northward to Sag Harbor Cove; about half of this amount discharges as shoreline underflow, and half as subsea underflow. About 40 percent of the total discharge to Sag Harbor Cove has flowed entirely within the upper glacial aquifer, and about 60 percent has flowed through the Pleistocene marine clay unit, Pleistocene(?) sand unit, or Magothy aquifer. The average age of all ground water discharged to Sag Harbor Cove is about 110 years; the average age of shoreline underflow is about 25 years, and the average age of subsea underflow is about 190 years.
Results for the West Neck Bay study area indicate that about 65 percent of the total recharge that enters the system flows westward to West Neck Bay; virtually all of this amount discharges as shoreline underflow, but a negligible percentage discharges as subsea underflow. Virtually all discharge to West Neck Bay has flowed entirely within the upper glacial aquifer, although a minor amount has flowed through the Pleistocene marine clay unit. The average age of shoreline underflow to West Neck Bay is about 15 years, and the average age of subsea underflow is about 1,800 years.
Ground water that discharges to streams and the shores represented in the models is mostly relatively young water that has flowed entirely within the shallow zones of the flow systems, whereas ground water that discharges to the subsea-discharge areas is mostly old water that has flowed through the deep zones. Data obtained from these models allows evaluation of each embayment.s vulnerability to contaminants introduced at the water table and can guide the development of source-area-protection strategies for the corresponding watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Peconic Estuary Program and Suffolk Department of Health Services","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., 1999, Ground-water flow paths and traveltime to three small embayments within the Peconic Estuary, eastern Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4181, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984181.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4181/wri19984181.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4181/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Peconic Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.65739440917969,\n 40.91403147143872\n ],\n [\n -72.60520935058594,\n 40.91403147143872\n ],\n [\n -72.60520935058594,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -72.65739440917969,\n 40.93426521177941\n ],\n [\n -72.65739440917969,\n 40.91403147143872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 28 surface-water-quality stations within the drainage area of the Atlantic Coastal, lower Delaware River, and Delaware Bay Basins for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall\\'s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows. Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) and constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. High- and low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 26 of the 28 water-quality stations. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 10 constituents at 14 or more stations. Dissolved oxygen shows seasonal dependency at all stations. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of dilution of instream concentrations from storm runoff. The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent sources (storm runoff). Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. Load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. Likewise, load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and ground-water discharge. The magnitudes of the load slopes for five constituents increase in the downstream direction along the Great Egg Harbor River, indicating an increased relative importance of storm runoff for these constituents along the river. The magnitudes of the load slopes for 11 constituents decrease in the downstream direction along the Assunpink Creek and for 5 constituents along the Maurice River, indicating a decreased relative importance of storm runoff for these constituents along the rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984244","usgsCitation":"Hunchak-Kariouk, K., Buxton, D.E., and Hickman, R.E., 1999, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Atlantic Coastal, lower Delaware River, and Delaware Bay basins, New Jersey, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4244, Report: xii, 146 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984244.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 146 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1975-10-01","temporalEnd":"1993-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4244/pdf/wri98-4244.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":328180,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/wri984224/appendix/wri98-4244_appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.583,\n 38.937\n ],\n [\n -75.583,\n 40.402\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40.402\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 38.937\n ],\n [\n -75.583,\n 38.937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021251,"text":"70021251 - 1999 - The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021251","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks","docAbstract":"The effects of climatic temperature variations (5-35??C) on chemical weathering are investigated both experimentally using flow-through columns containing fresh and weathered granitoid rocks and for natural granitoid weathering in watersheds based on annual solute discharge. Although experimental Na and Si effluent concentrations are significantly higher in the fresh relative to the weathered granitoids, the proportional increases in concentration with increasing temperature are similar. Si and Na exhibit comparable average apparent activation energies (E(a)) of 56 and 61 kJ/mol, respectively, which are similar to those reported for experimental feldspar dissolution measured over larger temperature ranges. A coupled temperature-precipitation model, using an expanded database for solute discharge fluxes from a global distribution of 86 granitoid watersheds, produces an apparent activation energy for Si (51 kJ/mol), which is also comparable to those derived from the experimental study. This correlation reinforces evidence that temperature does significantly impact natural silicate weathering rates. Effluent K concentrations in the column study are elevated with respect to other cations compared to watershed discharge due to the rapid oxidation/dissolution of biotite. K concentrations are less sensitive to temperature, resulting in a lower average E(a) value (27 kJ/mol) indicative of K loss from lower energy interlayer sites in biotite. At lower temperatures, initial cation release from biotite is significantly faster than cation release from plagioclase. This agrees with reported higher K/Na ratios in cold glacial watersheds relative to warmer temperate environments. Increased release of less radiogenic Sr from plagioclase relative to biotite at increasing temperature produces corresponding decreases in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the column effluents. A simple mixing calculation using effluent K/Na ratios, Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for biotite and plagioclase approximates stoichiometric cation ratios from biotite/plagioclase dissolution at warmer temperatures (35??C), but progressively overestimates the relative proportion of biotite with decreasing temperature. Ca, Mg, and Sr concentrations closely correlate, exhibit no consistent trends with temperature, and are controlled by trace amounts of calcite or exchange within weathered biotite. The inability of the watershed model to differentiate a climate signal for such species correlates with the lower temperature dependence observed in the experimental studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Blum, A., Bullen, T., Vivit, D., Schulz, M., and Fitzpatrick, J., 1999, The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 19-20, p. 3277-3291, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1.","startPage":"3277","endPage":"3291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1"}],"volume":"63","issue":"19-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab54e4b08c986b322d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schulz, M.","contributorId":28390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194891,"text":"70194891 - 1999 - Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194891,"text":"70194891 - 1999 - Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","indexId":"70194891","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T17:52:10","indexId":"70194891","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","docAbstract":"Studies at the U.S. Geological Survey Amargosa Desert Research Site have focused on characterizing factors and processes that control transport and fate of contaminants in arid environments. This paper summarizes research results that have been published through 1998. Results have improved understanding of water and gas movement through a thick unsaturated zone, including the degree to which features of the natural unsaturated-flow system can be altered by installation of a waste-disposal facility. The study of radioactive-contaminant transport at the site is at an early stage. Field data measured in association with this new component of research have generated speculation regarding the exact mechanisms that control tritium transport in arid unsaturated zones.
Digital soils and topographic data were used to estimate and compare potential runoff-contributing areas for 19 selected subbasins representing soil, slope, and runoff variability within the Kansas-Lower Republican (KLR) River Basin. Potential runoff-contributing areas were estimated separately and collectively for the processes of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess overland flow using a set of environmental conditions that represented high, moderate, and low potential runoff. For infiltration-excess overland flow, various rainfall intensities and soil permeabilities were used. For saturation-excess overland flow, antecedent soil-moisture conditions and a topographic wetness index were used.
Results indicated that the subbasins with relatively high potential runoff are located in the central part of the KLR River Basin. These subbasins are Black Vermillion River, Clarks Creek, Delaware River upstream from Muscotah, Grasshopper Creek, Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County), Soldier Creek, Vermillion Creek (Pottawatomie County), and Wildcat Creek. The subbasins with relatively low potential runoff are located in the western one-third of the KLR River Basin, with one exception, and are Buffalo Creek, Little Blue River upstream from Barnes, Mill Creek (Washington County), Republican River between Concordia and Clay Center, Republican River upstream from Concordia, Wakarusa River downstream from Clinton Lake (exception), and White Rock Creek. The ability to distinguish the subbasins as having relatively high or low potential runoff was possible mostly due to the variability of soil permeability across the KLR River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 1999, Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4089, Report: iv, 24 p.; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994089.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Figures","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2202,"rank":199,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/wrir19994089.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 1999–4089"},{"id":403264,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400829,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/figures/","text":"Figures"}],"scale":"670000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas-Lower Republican River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.86,\n 38.6420\n ],\n [\n -94.5830,\n 38.6420\n ],\n [\n -94.5830,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -98.86,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -98.86,\n 38.6420\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks are potential hydrocarbon reservoir facies for four plays in the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. These rocks include several units in the pre-Carboniferous basement and the Carboniferous Lisburne Group. Data from exploratory wells west of the 1002 area, outcrops south of the 1002 area, seismic lines, and well logs are synthesized herein to infer carbonate lithofacies, extent, and reservoir character beneath the northeastern Arctic coastal plain.
A chiefly shallow-water basement carbonate succession of Late Proterozoic through Early Devonian age (Katakturuk Dolomite, Nanook Limestone, and Mount Copleston Limestone) is interpreted to be present beneath much of the south-central 1002 area; it reaches 3,700 m thick in outcrop and is the primary reservoir for the Deformed Franklinian Play. A more heterogeneous lithologic assemblage of uncertain age forms basement in the northwestern part of the 1002 area; well data define three subunits that contain carbonate intervals 5- 50 m thick. These strata are prospective reservoirs for the Undeformed Franklinian Play and could also be reservoirs for the Niguanak- Aurora Play. Regional lithologic correlations suggest a Cambrian-Late Proterozoic(?) age for subunits one and two, and a slightly younger, later Cambrian-Silurian age for subunit three. Seismic and well data indicate that subunit one overlies subunit two and is overlain by subunit three. The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, a predominantly carbonate platform succession as much as 1 km thick, is projected beneath the southernmost part of the 1002 area and is a potential reservoir for the Ellesmerian Thrust-belt and Niguanak-Aurora Plays.
Carbonate rocks in the 1002 area probably retain little primary porosity but may have locally well developed secondary porosity. Measured reservoir parameters in basement carbonate strata are low (porosity generally ≤ 5%; permeability ≤ 0.2 md) but drill-stem tests found locally reasonable flow rates (4,220-4,800 bpd) and, in the Flaxman Island area, recovered gas and condensate from these rocks. The Lisburne Group has produced up to 50,000 bbl of oil/ day from the Lisburne field at Prudhoe Bay. Reservoir parameters of the Lisburne in northeastern Alaska range from low (porosities ≤ 5% in most limestones) to good (porosities average 6.5-10% in some dolostones). Reservoir quality in Carboniferous and older carbonate strata in the 1002 area should be greatest where these rocks are highly fractured and (or) truncated by the Lower Cretaceous Unconformity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area, Alaska (Open File Report 98-34)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70180393","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 1999, Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-34, CC-33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180393.","productDescription":"CC-33 p.","startPage":"CC-1","endPage":"CC-33","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/"},{"id":334266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/CC.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"ANWR, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ],\n [\n -142.71514892578125,\n 69.69524461137115\n ],\n [\n -142.91015625,\n 69.60259197307883\n ],\n [\n -143.02276611328125,\n 69.57768853364969\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.5776885336496\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.72001075967263\n ],\n [\n -146.4422607421875,\n 69.8225761110076\n ],\n [\n -146.4312744140625,\n 69.85854556489717\n ],\n [\n -146.1236572265625,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -146.0247802734375,\n 70.04309814378463\n ],\n [\n -145.865478515625,\n 70.16460963678996\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 70.01683312770945\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -143.6737060546875,\n 70.15715255172064\n ],\n [\n -142.9705810546875,\n 70.13849806648298\n ],\n [\n -142.5421142578125,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -142.1246337890625,\n 69.8736722051942\n ],\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Originally published in a 2-CD-ROM set; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29375,"text":"wri984198 - 1999 - Upper Klamath Lake Basin nutrient-loading study: Assessment of historic flows in the Williamson and Sprague rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:18:39.662764","indexId":"wri984198","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4198","title":"Upper Klamath Lake Basin nutrient-loading study: Assessment of historic flows in the Williamson and Sprague rivers","docAbstract":"The Williamson River Basin, located in south-central Oregon, has a drainage area of approximately 3,000 square miles. The Sprague River, which flows into the Williamson River Basin, has a drainage area of 1,580 square miles. Together, the Williamson and Sprague Rivers supply about one-half of the inflow to Upper Klamath Lake. Various statistical techniques, which included trend tests, double-mass curves, and two-sample tests, were used to detect significant changes in the precipitation-runoff relation for the Williamson and Sprague River Basins. Flows from these two rivers were compared with the precipitation and air temperature records collected at Klamath Falls to assess the effect of climate on flow variations.
Most of the double-mass curves showed a major break in the slope of the curve occurring around 1950 and a smaller one near 1990. For the years 1930-50 and 1990-96, February through May flows were relatively lower in the Williamson River than in rivers in nearby basins, by an average of 25,000 acre-feet per year and 36,000 acre-feet per year, respectively, for the 4-month period. From 1950 through 1963, flows were generally higher in the Williamson River compared with the nearby rivers by an average of 38,000 acre-feet for the 4 months. In July through September of 1945-51, 1970-76, and 1992-96, flows were lower in the Williamson River than in the comparison rivers by an average of about 6,000 acre-feet for the 3-month period.
Two-sample statistical tests of the annual flow data sets for the Williamson and Sprague Rivers showed a significant increase in the estimated population mean for the period 1951-96 compared to the estimated population mean for the period 1922-50. However, climate data, which included annual precipitation data from Klamath Falls, Crater Lake, and Medford, and annual air temperature data from Klamath Falls, all showed no significant difference between the two periods.
During the past century, various human land-use activities, such as irrigation, grazing, drainage, and timber harvesting, may have had some impact on the hydrology within the Williamson River Basin. However, relating specific land-use activities to changes in flow is impossible to assess owing to the size and geologic complexity of the basin and to the paucity of historical land- and water-use data for local areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., and Laenen, A., 1999, Upper Klamath Lake Basin nutrient-loading study: Assessment of historic flows in the Williamson and Sprague rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4198, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984198.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16448.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Williamson and Sprague Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.317,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.675,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.675,\n 43.35\n ],\n [\n -122.317,\n 43.35\n ],\n [\n -122.317,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021663,"text":"70021663 - 1999 - Development of a comprehensive watershed model applied to study stream yield under drought conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T00:59:48.110763","indexId":"70021663","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a comprehensive watershed model applied to study stream yield under drought conditions","docAbstract":"We developed a model code to simulate a watershed's hydrology and the hydraulic response of an interconnected stream-aquifer system, and applied the model code to the Lower Republican River Basin in Kansas. The model code links two well-known computer programs: MODFLOW (modular 3-D flow model), which simulates ground water flow and stream-aquifer interaction; and SWAT (soil water assessment tool), a soil water budget simulator for an agricultural watershed. SWAT represents a basin as a collection of subbasins in terms of soil, land use, and weather data, and simulates each subbasin on a daily basis to determine runoff, percolation, evaporation, irrigation, pond seepage, and crop growth. Because SWAT applies a lumped hydrologic model to each sub-basin, spatial heterogeneities with respect to factors such as soil type and land use are not resolved geographically, but can instead be represented statistically. For the Republican River Basin model, each combination of six soil types and three land uses, referred to as a hydrologic response unit (HRU), was simulated with a separate execution of SWAT. A spatially weighted average was then taken over these results for each hydrologic flux and time step by a separate program, SWBAVG. We wrote a package for MODFLOW to associate each subbasin with a subset of aquifer grid cells and stream reaches, and to distribute the hydrologic fluxes given for each subbasin by SWAT and SWBAVG over MODFLOW's stream-aquifer grid to represent tributary flow, surface and ground water diversions, ground water recharge, and evapotranspiration from ground water. The Lower Republican River Basin model was calibrated with respect to measured ground water levels, streamflow, and reported irrigation water use. The model was used to examine the relative contributions of stream yield components and the impact on stream yield and base flow of administrative measures to restrict irrigation water use during droughts. Model results indicate that tributary flow is the dominant component of stream yield and that reduction of irrigation water use produces a corresponding increase in base flow and stream yield. However, the increase in stream yield resulting from reduced water use does not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to restore minimum desirable streamflows.
The isotopic composition of water in deep unsaturated zones is of interest because it provides information relevant to hydrologic processes and contaminant migration. Profiles of oxygen-18 (18O), deuterium (D), and tritium (3H) from a 110-meter deep unsaturated zone, together with data on the isotopic composition of ground water and modern-day precipitation, are interpreted in the context of water-content, water-potential, and pore-gas profiles. At depths greater than about three meters, water vapor and liquid water are in approximate equilibrium with respect to D and 18O. The vapor-phase concentrations of D and 18O have remained stable through repeated samplings. Vapor-phase 3H concentrations have generally increased with time, requiring synchronous sampling of liquid and vapor to assess equilibrium. Below 30 meters, concentrations of D and 18O in pore water become approximately equal to the composition of ground water, which is isotopically lighter than modern precipitation and has a carbon-14 (14C) concentration of about 26 percent modern carbon. These data indicate that net gradients driving fluxes of water, gas, and heat are directed upwards for undisturbed conditions at the Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS). Superimposed on the upward-directed flow field, tritium is migrating away from waste in response to gradients in tritium concentrations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":" U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh Technical Meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","conferenceDate":"March 8-12, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Prudic, D.E., and Striegl, R.G., 1999, Isotopic composition of water in a deep unsaturated zone beside a radioactive-waste disposal area near Beatty, Nevada, 8 P.","productDescription":"8 P.","startPage":"467","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/wri99-4018/Volume3/SectionD/3502_Stonestrom/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d8e4b06e28e9cae505","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Morganwalp, David W. dwmorgan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morganwalp","given":"David","email":"dwmorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":726111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726112,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198487,"text":"70198487 - 1999 - Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-12T13:26:24.883674","indexId":"70198487","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T07:31:04","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5273,"text":"Open File Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents","docAbstract":"Natural and mining-related dissolved-constituent concentrations need to be distinguished in a watershed affected by abandoned mines to prioritize subbasins for remediation and to assist with the establishment of water-quality standards. The oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to distinguish between natural and mining-related sources of dissolved constituents. Several methods employing the oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate can be used to determine the relative amounts of natural and mining related dissolved constituents in water: (1) the isotope-dilution equation for simple mixing zones (two sources and one receiving stream); (2) the isotope mass-balance equation for streams receiving dissolved sulfate from multiple geologic sources; and (3) graphical relations and the mathematical solution of simultaneous equations in a watershed approach. Using the different methods for data collected during low flow, about 71 to 75 percent of the dissolved-constituent concentrations are from natural sources in selected subbasins of the upper Animas watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1999, Oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfate as a tool to distinguish natural and mining-related dissolved constituents: Open File Report, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98dce8e4b0702d0e84824d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Winfield G.","contributorId":27044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Winfield","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4878,"text":"ds31 - 1999 - Profiles of gamma-ray and magnetic data from aerial surveys over the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-14T22:14:58.153343","indexId":"ds31","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Profiles of gamma-ray and magnetic data from aerial surveys over the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"This publication contains images for the conterminous U.S. generated from geophysical data, software for displaying and analyzing the images, and software for displaying and examining the profile data from the aerial surveys flown as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. The images included are of gamma-ray data (uranium, thorium, and potassium channels), Bouguer gravity data, isostatic residual gravity data, aeromagnetic anomalies, topography, and topography with bathymetry.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds31","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607624418","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., and Riggle, F.E., 1999, Profiles of gamma-ray and magnetic data from aerial surveys over the conterminous United States (Release 2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 31, Supercedes DDS-31 [Release 1], https://doi.org/10.3133/ds31.","productDescription":"Supercedes DDS-31 [Release 1]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":464076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10543.htm","text":"western United States (Release 1, 1995)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464077,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18905.htm","text":"Release 2, 1999","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.55138888888888,24.533611111111114 ], [ -124.55138888888888,49.36805555555556 ], [ -66.93333333333334,49.36805555555556 ], [ -66.93333333333334,24.533611111111114 ], [ -124.55138888888888,24.533611111111114 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Release 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggle, Frederic E.","contributorId":50877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggle","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68689,"text":"ha730A - 1999 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":68689,"text":"ha730A - 1999 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary","indexId":"ha730A","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:57:23","indexId":"ha730A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"A","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Introduction and national summary","docAbstract":"The Ground Water Atlas of the United States provides a summary of the most important information available for each principal aquifer, or rock unit that will yield usable quantities of water to wells, throughout the 50 States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Atlas is an outgrowth of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a program that investigated 24 of the most important aquifers and aquifer systems of the Nation and one in the Caribbean Islands (fig. 1). The objectives of the RASA program were to define the geologic and hydrologic frameworks of each aquifer system, to assess the geochemistry of the water in the system, to characterize the ground-water flow system, and to describe the effects of development on the flow system. Although the RASA studies did not cover the entire Nation, they compiled much of the data needed to make the National assessments of ground-water resources presented in the Ground Water Atlas of the United States. The Atlas, however, describes the location, extent, and geologic and hydrologic characteristics of all the important aquifers in the United States, including those not studied by the RASA program.
The Atlas is written so that it can be understood by readers who are not hydrologists. Simple language is used to explain technical terms. The principles that control the presence, movement, and chemical quality of ground water in different climatic, topographic, and geologic settings are clearly illustrated. The Atlas is, therefore, useful as a teaching tool for introductory courses in hydrology or hydrogeology at the college level and as an overview of ground-water conditions for consultants who need information about an individual aquifer. It also serves as an introduction to regional and National ground-water resources for lawmakers, personnel of local, State, or Federal agencies, or anyone who needs to understand ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality.
The purpose of the Ground Water Atlas of the United States is to summarize, in one publication with a common format, the most important ground-water information that has been collected over many years by the USGS, other Federal agencies, and State and local water management agencies. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to describe the content of the Atlas; to discuss the characteristics, use, and limitations of the maps and other types of illustrations used in the different chapters of the book; to summarize the locations of the principal aquifers on a Nationwide map; and to give an example of an aquifer in each principal hydrogeologic setting.
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Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-01T01:01:51","indexId":"wdrCA982","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-98-2","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1998. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1998 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 113 gaging stations, gage height records for 5 stations, stage and contents for 6lakes and reservoirs, and water quality for 17 stations. Also included are data for 1 low-flow partial-record station and 2 miscellaneous measurement stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA982","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Friebel, M., Freeman, L., and Webster, M., 1999, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1998. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-98-2, xviii, 340 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA982.","productDescription":"xviii, 340 p.","numberOfPages":"364","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/waterdata/98/cnty/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_98_2.jpg"},{"id":260075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1998/ca-98/WRD-1998-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Arroyo Grande;Pacific Slope Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,35 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -119.83333333333333,42 ], [ -119.83333333333333,35 ], [ -124.4,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webster, M.D.","contributorId":68385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26746,"text":"wri994221 - 1999 - Comparison of two approaches for determining ground-water discharge and pumpage in the lower Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri994221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4221","title":"Comparison of two approaches for determining ground-water discharge and pumpage in the lower Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, 1997-98","docAbstract":"In March 1994, the Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) adopted ?Rules Governing the Measurement of Tributary Ground Water Diversions Located in the Arkansas River Basin? (Office of the State Engineer, 1994); these initial rules were amended in February 1996 (Office of the State Engineer, 1996). The amended rules require users of wells that divert tributary ground water to annually report the water pumped monthly by each well. The rules allow a well owner to report the pumpage measured by a totalizing flowmeter (TFM) or pumpage determined from electrical power data and a power conversion coefficient (PCC) (Hurr and Litke, 1989).Opinions by representatives of the State of Kansas, presented before the Special Master hearing a court case [State of Kansas v. State of Colorado, No. 105 Original (1996)] concerning post-Compact well pumping, stated that the PCC approach does not provide the same level of accuracy and reliability as a TFM when used to determine pumpage. In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the CDWR, began a 2-year study to compare ground-water pumpage estimates made using the TFM and the PCC approaches. The study area was along the Arkansas River between Pueblo, Colorado, and the Colorado-Kansas State line (fig. 1).The two approaches for estimating ground-water discharge and pumpage were compared for more than 100 wells completed in the alluvial aquifer of the Arkansas River Basin. The TFM approach uses an inline flowmeter to directly measure instantaneous discharge and the total volume of water pumped at a well. The PCC approach uses electrical power consumption records and a power conversion coefficient to estimate the pumpage at ground-water wells.This executive summary describes the results of the comparison of the two approaches. Specifically, (1) the differences in instantaneous discharge measured with three portable flowmeters and measured with an inline TFM are evaluated, and the statistical differences in paired instantaneous discharge between the two approaches are determined; (2) short- and long-term variations in the PCC?s are presented; (3) differences in pumpage between the two approaches are evaluated, and the statistical differences in pumpage between the two approaches are determined; (4) potential sources of discrepancy between pumpage estimates are discussed; and (5) differences in total network pumpage using the two approaches are presented.During the irrigation seasons of 1997 and 1998, instantaneous discharge and electrical power demand were measured at randomly selected wells to determine PCC?s. At more than 100 wells, the PCC?s determined during the 1998 season were applied to total electrical power consumption data that was recorded between the initial and final readings at each network well site in 1998 to estimate total ground-water pumpage.At each site, an inline TFM was installed in a full-flowing, acceptable test section of pipe on the discharge side of the pump where the measurement of discharge was made. Measurements of instantaneous ground-water discharge also were made using three different types of portable flowmeters. The average velocity multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe was used to compute the discharge in gallons per minute. Whenever possible, discharge measurements were made at each network site using all three types of portable flowmeters. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994221","usgsCitation":"Dash, R.G., Troutman, B., and Edelmann, P., 1999, Comparison of two approaches for determining ground-water discharge and pumpage in the lower Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4221, iv, 39 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994221.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2061,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4221","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dash, Russell G.","contributorId":64695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dash","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23747,"text":"ofr98653 - 1999 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T17:55:55.752326","indexId":"ofr98653","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-653","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1997","docAbstract":"The Black Mesa monitoring program is designed to document long-term effects of ground-water from the N aquifer by industrial and municipal users. The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area, and the ground water occurs under confined and unconfined conditions. Monitoring activities include continuous and periodic measurements of (1) ground-water pumpage from the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (2) ground-water levels in the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (3) surface-water discharge, and (4) chemistry of the ground water and surface water.\r\nIn 1997, ground-water withdrawals for industrial and municipal use totaled about 7,090 acre-feet, which is less than a 1-percent increase from 1996. Pumpage from the confined part of the aquifer increased by about 2 percent to 5,510 acre-feet, and pumpage from the unconfined part of the aquifer decreased by about 4 percent to 1,580 acre-feet. Water-level declines in the confined part during 1997 were recorded in 5 of 12 wells; however, the median change was a rise of about 0.2 foot as opposed to a decline of 2.8 feet for 1996. Water-level declines in the unconfined part were recorded in 7 of 15 wells, and the median change was 0.0 foot in 1997 as opposed to a decline of 0.5 foot in 1996.\r\nThe low-flow discharge at the Moenkopi streamflow-gaging station ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 cubic feet per second in 1997. Streamflow-discharge measurements also were made at Laguna Creek, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash during 1997. The low-flow discharge ranged from 2.3 to 4.2 cubic feet per second at Laguna Creek, 0.44 to 0.48 cubic foot per second at Dinnebito Wash, and 0.15 to 0.26 cubic foot per second at Polacca Wash. Discharge was measured at three springs. Discharge from Moenkopi School Spring increased by about 3 gallons per minute from the measurement in 1996. Discharge from an unnamed spring near Dennehotso increased by 9.9 gallons per minute from the measurement made in 1996; however, discharge decreased slightly at Burro Spring. Regionally, long-term water-chemistry data for wells and springs have remained stable. Locally, water-chemistry data for some wells have shown marked increases in concentrations of major constituents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98653","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., Baum, B.M., and Truini, M., 1999, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-653, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98653.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0653/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":399767,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0653/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.3519287109375,\n 35.964669147704086\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 35.964669147704086\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -111.3519287109375,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -111.3519287109375,\n 35.964669147704086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c9e4b07f02db542289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, Bradley M.","contributorId":26718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54624,"text":"wdrKS981 - 1999 - Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:36","indexId":"wdrKS981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-98-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 1998","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1998 water year for Kansas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; elevation and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report contains records for water discharge at 149 gaging stations; elevation and contents at 19 watershed lakes and reservoirs; and water-level data at 19 wells. Also included are data for 27 high-flow and 2 low-flow partial-record stations; and 2 chemical quality of precipitation stations. Miscellaneous onsite water-quality data were collected at 138 stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, local, and Federal agencies in Kansas.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS981","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J., Lacock, D., Schneider, D., and Carlson, M., 1999, Water Resources Data, Kansas, Water Year 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-98-1, 447 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS981.","productDescription":"447 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/abstracts/data.rpt98.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb7d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, J.E.","contributorId":54634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacock, D.L.","contributorId":20003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacock","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, D.R.","contributorId":67579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, M.D.","contributorId":66288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54289,"text":"wdrMDDE981 - 1999 - Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 1998, volume 1. surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:53","indexId":"wdrMDDE981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-DC-98-1","title":"Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 1998, volume 1. surface-water data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1998 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs. This volume (Volume 1. Surface-Water Data) contains records for water discharge at 105 gaging stations; stage and contents of 1 reservoir; and water quality at 16 gaging stations. Also included are stage and discharge for 3 creststage partial-record stations, discharge only for 9 low-flow partial-record stations, and stage only for 5 tidal crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE981","usgsCitation":"James, R.W., Saffer, R.W., and Tallman, A., 1999, Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 1998, volume 1. surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-DC-98-1, 382 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDE981.","productDescription":"382 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5403,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-md-de-dc-98-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Robert W. Jr.","contributorId":77514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, Richard W.","contributorId":79951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tallman, Anthony","contributorId":33768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tallman","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25496,"text":"wri994059 - 1999 - Evaluation of processes affecting 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: Analysis of chemical data and ground-water flow and transport simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T21:08:32.596841","indexId":"wri994059","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4059","title":"Evaluation of processes affecting 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: Analysis of chemical data and ground-water flow and transport simulations","docAbstract":"Future use of the sole-source aquifer near Fresno in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, will depend, in part, on how long 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), an agricultural fumigant banned from use since the late 1970's, persists at concentrations greater than the maximum contaminant level of 0.2 micrograms per liter (mg/L). Field data indicate that DBCP concentrations in ground water have decreased since the late 1970's. Laboratory experiments by earlier investigators show that DBCP transformed to 2-bromoallyl alcohol (BAA) under conditions similar to in situ conditions, with an estimated half-life ranging from 6.1 (pH 7.8, 21.1 degrees Celsius) to 141 years (pH 7.0, 15 degrees Celsius). For this current study, a detailed hydrogeologic investigation was done to assess the relative importance of chemical transformation, dispersion, and ground-water pumping and reapplication of irrigation water in affecting DBCP concentrations.\nGround-water samples were collected from 20 monitoring wells installed along a 4.6-kilometer transect. DBCP concentrations in these samples ranged from less than the detection limit of 0.03 mg/L to a maximum of 6.4 mg/L. Results of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating indicate that DBCP occurs in water that ranges in age from about 2 to 41 years. The primary transformation product BAA, which was identified during previous laboratory studies, was not detected at or greater than 0.03 mg/L in any of the 20 ground-water samples. The lack of detection of BAA indicates that transformation to BAA is insignificant relative to other processes controlling DBCP concentrations. Results from this current study indicate that the in situ hydrolysis half-life for DBCP to BAA is much greater than the laboratory-determined values.\nEstimated initial concentrations of DBCP, calculated using CFC-estimated travel times and a half-life of 6.1 years, indicate that maximum initial concentrations are consistent with maximum measured concentrations in ground water. In contrast to initial DBCP concentrations, the estimated initial nitrate concentrations indicate that nitrate concentrations in recharge water have increased with time.\nA conceptual two-dimensional numerical flow and transport modeling approach was used to test hypotheses addressing dispersion, transformation rate, and in a relative sense, the effects of ground- water pumping and reapplication of irrigation water on DBCP concentrations in the aquifer. The flow and transport simulations, which represent hypothetical steady-state flow conditions in the aquifer, were used to refine the conceptual understanding of the aquifer system rather than to predict future concentrations of DBCP. Results indicate that dispersion reduces peak concentrations, but this process alone does not account for the apparent decrease in DBCP concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley. Ground-water pumping and reapplication of irrigation water may affect DBCP concentrations to the extent that this process can be simulated indirectly using first-order decay. Transport simulation results indicate that the in situ 'effective' half-life of DBCP caused by processes other than dispersion and transformation to BAA could be on the order of 6 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994059","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the University of California - Davis","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Panshin, S.Y., Dubrovsky, N.H., Vanbrocklin, D., and Fogg, G., 1999, Evaluation of processes affecting 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) concentrations in ground water in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California: Analysis of chemical data and ground-water flow and transport simulations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4059, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994059.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19392.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"eastern San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.736,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -119.5370,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -119.5370,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -119.736,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -119.736,\n 36.667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fabfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panshin, Sandra Y.","contributorId":46126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panshin","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil H.","contributorId":25193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanbrocklin, David","contributorId":55041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanbrocklin","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5132,"text":"fs12299 - 1999 - Estimation of minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge for selected stream sites, and associated low-flow water-quality data, southeast Texas, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:11:27","indexId":"fs12299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"122-99","title":"Estimation of minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge for selected stream sites, and associated low-flow water-quality data, southeast Texas, 1997-98","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of streamflow-gaging stations in Texas that provides discharge data used for water-management decisions and various other purposes. Operating stations at all locations where discharge data are needed is not feasible, but the statistical characteristics of the network station data can be used to estimate discharge characteristics at ungaged sites. Regionalization techniques such as regression analyses relate discharge-frequency characteristics to selected physical and climatic characteristics of drainage basins. A particular discharge-frequency characteristic that can be regionalized is the minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge1 (7Q2). In Texas, the 7Q2 is used at stream sites to analyze permit applications for water allocation, water-supply planning, aquatic maintenance (instream flow) requirements, and waste-load allocation for point and nonpoint source discharges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12299","usgsCitation":"East, J., 1999, Estimation of minimum 7-day, 2-year discharge for selected stream sites, and associated low-flow water-quality data, southeast Texas, 1997-98: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 122-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12299.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_122_99.bmp"},{"id":543,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-122-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327089,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-122-99/pdf/fs-122-99.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54294,"text":"wdrMN981 - 1999 - Water Resources Data Minnesota Water Year 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"wdrMN981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-98-1","title":"Water Resources Data Minnesota Water Year 1998","docAbstract":"Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Minnesota each water year. These data, accumulated during many years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series entitled 'Water Resources Data - Minnesota.'\r\n Water-resources data for the 1998 water year (hereinafter 1998) for Minnesota consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; and stage of lakes and reservoirs; and water quality of ground water. This volume contains discharge records for 102 stream-gaging stations; stage for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 stream-gaging stations; and peak flow data for 87 high-flow partial-record stations. These data represent a part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Minnesota. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN981","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters; the Minnesota Department of Transportation; and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Water Resources Data Minnesota Water Year 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-98-1, 30 p.; see online readme notes, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN981.","productDescription":"30 p.; see online readme notes","temporalStart":"1997-10-01","temporalEnd":"1998-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12232,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/infodata/ann-repts/annrpt98/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.25,43.5 ], [ -97.25,49.5 ], [ -89.5,49.5 ], [ -89.5,43.5 ], [ -97.25,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd2ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54405,"text":"wdrAZ981 - 1999 - Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T22:30:45.751879","indexId":"wdrAZ981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AZ-98-1","title":"Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1998","docAbstract":"Water discharge data for the 1998 water year for Arizona consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of observation wells; and quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 167 gaging stations, annual peaks for 27 crest-stage partial-record stations; contents only records for 8 lakes and reservoirs; stage and (or) contents for 1 lake; elevation only for 1 streamflow station; included with gaging-station records, consisting of monthend or monthly stage, contents, and evaporation of lakes and reservoirs, diversions, and return flows; water-quality records for 14 continuous-record stations; water-quality data for water from 188 wells. The data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey cooperating Federal and State agencies in Arizona.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAZ981","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arizona and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Tadayon, S., Duet, N., Fisk, G., McCormack, H., Partin, C., Pope, G., and Rigas, P., 1999, Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AZ-98-1, xxii, 454 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAZ981.","productDescription":"xxii, 454 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1998/az-98-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1998/az-98-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadayon, S.","contributorId":101730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tadayon","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duet, N.R.","contributorId":64297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duet","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisk, G.G.","contributorId":82782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormack, H.F.","contributorId":93453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormack","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Partin, C.K.","contributorId":60306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partin","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pope, G.L.","contributorId":58692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rigas, P.D.","contributorId":28654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigas","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":57124,"text":"ofr99220 - 1999 - SutraPlot, a graphical post-processor for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr99220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-220","title":"SutraPlot, a graphical post-processor for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","docAbstract":"This report documents a graphical display post-processor (SutraPlot) for the U.S. Geological Survey Saturated-Unsaturated flow and solute or energy TRAnsport simulation model SUTRA, Version 2D3D.1. This version of SutraPlot is an upgrade to SutraPlot for the 2D-only SUTRA model (Souza, 1987). It has been modified to add 3D functionality, a graphical user interface (GUI), and enhanced graphic output options. Graphical options for 2D SUTRA (2-dimension) simulations include: drawing the 2D finite-element mesh, mesh boundary, and velocity vectors; plots of contours for pressure, saturation, concentration, and temperature within the model region; 2D finite-element based gridding and interpolation; and 2D gridded data export files. Graphical options for 3D SUTRA (3-dimension) simulations include: drawing the 3D finite-element mesh; plots of contours for pressure, saturation, concentration, and temperature in 2D sections of the 3D model region; 3D finite-element based gridding and interpolation; drawing selected regions of velocity vectors (projected on principal coordinate planes); and 3D gridded data export files. Installation instructions and a description of all graphic options are presented. A sample SUTRA problem is described and three step-by-step SutraPlot applications are provided. In addition, the methodology and numerical algorithms for the 2D and 3D finite-element based gridding and interpolation, developed for SutraPlot, are described. 1","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99220","usgsCitation":"Souza, W.R., 1999, SutraPlot, a graphical post-processor for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport (Version 2D3D.1, Sept 2003): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-220, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99220.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/sutraplot/sutraplot.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 2D3D.1, Sept 2003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e52e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souza, W. R.","contributorId":102114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54200,"text":"wdrTX983 - 1999 - Water resources data Texas, water year 1998, volume 3. Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Nueces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:29:37","indexId":"wdrTX983","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TX-98-3","title":"Water resources data Texas, water year 1998, volume 3. Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Nueces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1998 water year for Texas are presented in four volumes, and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; stage, contents, and water-quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3 contains records for water discharge at 126 gaging stations; stage only at 3 gaging stations; stage and contents at 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 62 gaging stations; and data for 35 partial-record stations comprised of 8 flood-hydrograph, 14 low-flow, and 18 creststage, and 5 miscellaneous stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in Texas. Records for a few pertinent stations in the bordering States also are included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTX983","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Texas and other agencies under the supervision of Richard O. Hawkinson, District Chief","usgsCitation":"Gandara, S., Gibbons, W., Andrews, F., and Barbie, D., 1999, Water resources data Texas, water year 1998, volume 3. 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