{"pageNumber":"1570","pageRowStart":"39225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":5221064,"text":"5221064 - 1977 - Book review: The choice of prey and modes of hunting of predatory birds with special reference to their selective effect, by G. Rudebeck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T11:20:41.282895","indexId":"5221064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:27","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1054,"text":"Bird-Banding","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: The choice of prey and modes of hunting of predatory birds with special reference to their selective effect, by G. Rudebeck","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.2307/4512307","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., 1977, Book review: The choice of prey and modes of hunting of predatory birds with special reference to their selective effect, by G. Rudebeck: Bird-Banding, v. 48, no. 1, p. 88-89, https://doi.org/10.2307/4512307.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4795e4b07f02db48d9c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221396,"text":"5221396 - 1977 - An automated glass capillary gas chromatographic system for routine quantitative analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T16:30:10.124075","indexId":"5221396","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2212,"text":"Journal of Chromatographic Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated glass capillary gas chromatographic system for routine quantitative analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>A steel capillary gas chromatographic system, based on the Hewlett-Packard (HP) Model 5711A gas chromatograph and HP model 3354A laboratory data system, was converted to an automated glass capillary system suitable for routine quantitative analysis of trace levels of hydrocarbons. Two instrument modifications, which were required for a fully automated system, are described. The system was tested with two different column installation methods. The HP recommended method of column installation showed much less discrimination against high molecular weight compounds than did a simpler column installation technique that introduced excessive dead volume (unswept by the carrier gas) into the HP Model 18740A glass capillary inlet system. Discrimination against high molecular weight compounds was shown to adversely affect their quantification. Data on the accuracy and precision of quantitative analyses of 18 hydrocarbons covering a wide range of boiling points and polarities are presented for both column installation techniques. Retention time reproducibiiity data for the same 18 compounds are also included.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/chromsci/15.11.532","usgsCitation":"Lawler, G., Loong, W., Fiorito, B., and Laseter, J., 1977, An automated glass capillary gas chromatographic system for routine quantitative analysis: Journal of Chromatographic Science, v. 15, p. 532-536, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.11.532.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"532","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, G.C.","contributorId":22064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loong, W.-A.","contributorId":101351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loong","given":"W.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiorito, B.J.","contributorId":29099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiorito","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laseter, J.L.","contributorId":32638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laseter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223633,"text":"5223633 - 1977 - Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:40:17.473095","indexId":"5223633","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3510,"text":"Systematic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Comparisons of the karyotypes of the species of Vampyressa suggest two modes of chromosomal rearrangements in the derivation of the Vampyressa karyotypes: pericentric inversions in&nbsp;</span><i>V. brocki, V. nymphaea,</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>V. bidens;</i><span>&nbsp;and translocations (fusions) in&nbsp;</span><i>V. melissa</i><span>&nbsp;and the variants of&nbsp;</span><i>V. pusilla.</i><span>&nbsp;This&nbsp;</span><i>Vampyressa</i><span>&nbsp;phylogenetic model was used to evaluate the possible derivations of the chromosomal patterns of the 97 species of phyllostomid bats whose karyotypes are known. Sufficient variation to indicate probable evolutionary patterns, in addition to that outlined for&nbsp;</span><i>Vampyressa,</i><span>&nbsp;was found at the species level for&nbsp;</span><i>Micronycteris</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Tonatia,</i><span>&nbsp;and at the generic level for the Glossophaginae, Carolliinae, and Stenoderminae. The analysis supports the points of view presented herein that (1) the common (often considered the ancestral) 2</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 32, FN = 60 configuration was independently acquired by three or more evolutionary lineages and, therefore, must be considered to be derived; (2) the primitive phyllostomid karyotype had a high diploid number (near 40, but possibly as high as 46) and a low fundamental number (near minimum); (3) there was a general trend toward reduction in diploid numbers concomitant with maximization of fundamental numbers; and (4) totally biarmed autosomal configurations, which characterize the majority of the Phyllostomidae, are comparatively more stable than those karyotypes in which half or more of the autosomes are uniarmed. Fourteen karyotypes are reported here for the first time, including that of Vampyressa melissa, which has the lowest diploid number known in the Chiroptera (2</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 14).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/sysbio/26.3.300","usgsCitation":"Gardner, A., 1977, Chromosomal variation in Vampyressa and a review of chromosomal evolution in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera): Systematic Biology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 300-318, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/26.3.300.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"318","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Alfred L. 0000-0002-4945-1641 agardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1641","contributorId":412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alfred L.","email":"agardner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221407,"text":"5221407 - 1977 - Experimental feeding of DDE and PCB to female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:33:54","indexId":"5221407","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental feeding of DDE and PCB to female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)","docAbstract":"Twenty-two female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were collected in a house attic in Montgomery County, Maryland. Seventeen were fed mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) that contained 166 ppm DDE; the other five were fed uncontaminated mealworms. After 54 days of feeding, six dosed bats were frozen and the remaining 16 were starved to death. In a second experiment, 21 female big brown bats were collected in a house attic in Prince Georges County, Maryland. Sixteen were fed mealworms that contained 9.4 ppm Aroclor 1254 (PCB). After 37 days, two bats had died, four dosed bats were frozen, and the remaining 15 were starved to death. Starvation caused mobilization of stored residues. After the feeding periods, average weights of all four groups (DDE-dosed, DDE control, PCB-dosed, PCB control) had increased. However, weights of DDE-dosed bats had increased significantly more than those of their contols, whereas weights of PCB-dosed bats had increased significantly less than those of their controls. During starvation, PCB-dosed bats lost weight significantly more slowly than controls. Because PCB levels in dosed bats resembled levels found in some free-living big brown bats, PCBs may be slowing metabolic rates of some free-living bats. It is not known how various common organochlorine residues may affect metabolism in hibernating bats. DDE and PCB increased in brains of starving bats as carcass fat was metabolized. Because the tremors and/or convulsions characteristic of neurotoxicity were not observed, we think even the maximum brain levels attained (132 ppm DDE, 20 ppm PCB) were sublethal. However, extrapolation of our DDE data predicted lethal brain levels when fat reserves declined sufficiently. PCB-dosed bats were probably in no danger of neurotoxic poisoning. However, PCB can kill by a nonneurotoxic mode, and this could explain the deaths of two bats on PCB dosage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287397709529491","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Prouty, R.M., 1977, Experimental feeding of DDE and PCB to female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus): Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 2, no. 4, p. 917-928, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287397709529491.","productDescription":"917-928","startPage":"917","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269462,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287397709529491"},{"id":198761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cbe4b07f02db5d8271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70164409,"text":"70164409 - 1977 - Comparison of granitic intrusions in the Pelona and Orocopia Schists, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T12:57:50","indexId":"70164409","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of granitic intrusions in the Pelona and Orocopia Schists, southern California","docAbstract":"<p>Dating of some small plutons in the San Gabriel and Chocolate Mountains, southern California, yields Miocene K-Ar ages. A single granodiorite pluton that has been segmented by branches of the San Jacinto fault intrudes the Pelona Schist and yields ages of 14.0 to 18.6 million years. Several quartz monzonite plutons in the Chocolate Mountains, 235 kilometers to the southeast and on the opposite side of the San Andreas fault, yield ages ranging from 20.0 to 23.4 m.y. At least one pluton in the Chocolate Mountains intrudes the Orocopia Schist, a probable equivalent of the Pelona Schist. Chemical, modal, textural, mineralogical, and apparent K-Ar age differences suggest that the two groups of plutons are not offset parts of a single body, but the differences do not preclude the two groups from being related in a general way.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., and Morton, D.M., 1977, Comparison of granitic intrusions in the Pelona and Orocopia Schists, southern California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 643-649.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"649","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chocolate Mountains, San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119,\n              32.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              35.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              35.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              32.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              32.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332eae4b0cc79997f330b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Fred K.","contributorId":89503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162809,"text":"70162809 - 1977 - Simulation of flow from an aquifer to a partially penetrating trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T14:32:14","indexId":"70162809","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of flow from an aquifer to a partially penetrating trench","docAbstract":"<p>Construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway in northeast Mississippi will involve dewatering as much as 46 m of an unconfined aquifer near the Tennessee Valley divide. Dewatering by trenching is one of the proposed methods. Methods of calculating effects of dewatering by trenching have been heretofore limited to situations where ideal conditions such as isotropic aquifers and fully penetrating trenches occur. In order to study the effects of trenching on the water table in the more complicated hydrologic system in northeast Mississippi, a two-dimensional cross-sectional digital model was developed from an existing two-dimensional digital model. To make the solutions obtained from the model applicable to any aquifer thickness or other hydrologic condition, a technique for nondimensional simulation was developed. With these techniques, nondimensional water-surface profiles were generated for given stages of trench penetration of the aquifer and for different ratios of anisotropy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., 1977, Simulation of flow from an aquifer to a partially penetrating trench: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 535-540.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"540","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Tennessee River valley, Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.0057373046875,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.3355712890625,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.11035156249999,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.143310546875,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.187255859375,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b7be4b0403299f53b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70163094,"text":"70163094 - 1977 - A combustimetric method for determining the total carbon content of geologic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T16:16:00","indexId":"70163094","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A combustimetric method for determining the total carbon content of geologic materials","docAbstract":"<p>A modified LEGO WR-12 carbon determinator is used in a combustimetric determination of total carbon in geologic materials. A thermal conductivity cell is used as the sensing device. International reference samples are analyzed and compared to results previously published. Three new standards from the Canadian Certified Reference Materials Project were received and analyzed for the total carbon content.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Tillman, J., 1977, A combustimetric method for determining the total carbon content of geologic materials: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 583-587.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b40e4b0403299f5398f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, J.","contributorId":61567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70163071,"text":"70163071 - 1977 - Chemical structure of humic acids - Part 1, a generalized structural model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T15:47:52","indexId":"70163071","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical structure of humic acids - Part 1, a generalized structural model","docAbstract":"<p>A new model is proposed for the structure of humic acids. In this model humic acid is pictured as being made up of a hierarchy of structural elements. At the lowest level in this hierarchy are simple phenolic, quinoid, and benzene carboxylic acid groups. These groups are bonded covalently into small particles. Particles of similar chemical structure are linked together by weak bonds to form \"homogeneous\" aggregates. Two or more different types of aggregates may be linked together to form mixed aggregates. Complexes of humic acid and clay minerals are also formed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., Pinckney, D., and Booker, S., 1977, Chemical structure of humic acids - Part 1, a generalized structural model: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 565-569.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"569","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b48e4b0403299f539cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pinckney, D.J.","contributorId":23175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinckney","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Booker, S.E.","contributorId":147022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booker","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":591619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009768,"text":"70009768 - 1977 - The organic geochemistry of black sedimentary barite: Significance and implications of trapped fatty acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-27T15:01:27.608064","indexId":"70009768","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The organic geochemistry of black sedimentary barite: Significance and implications of trapped fatty acids","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fatty acids isolated in sedimentary black barite (BaSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>) from Arkansas and Nevada were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The dominant or major fatty acids found in these beds of barite are C</span><sub>16:0</sub><span>, C</span><sub>18:0</sub><span>, and C</span><sub>18:1</sub><span>. The occurrence and distribution of these acids in this type of rock may serve as “molecular fingerprints” of microbial biogeochemical processes. The organic matter and associated microorganisms are shown to be trapped within the finely crystalline barite, thus forming a closed system for microbial diagenesis.</span></p><p><span>Important differences that occur in the distribution of the lesser or minor fatty acids probably result from: (1) the nature of the progenitor organic detritus in the environment of barite deposition: and (2) the subsequent degree of microbiological alteration of the parent organic debris swept into and trapped in the depositional environment.</span></p><p><span>Three general models of sedimentary environments are proposed in which anoxic conditions may prevail and where barium sulfate (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) may precipitate: (1) in a silled basin with semi-restricted circulation; (2) on an outer continental shelf where the slope is encroached upon by water of the oxygen minimum layer; (3) on a low-energy, inner shelf or semi-restricted embayment impinged by a wedge of anoxic water.</span></p><p><span>The major geochemical and geological parameters which are believed to be the significant factors controlling the formation and high grade of these organic-rich, black bedded barites are: (1) a unique source of barium-rich fluid that only contains trace amounts of other elements; (2) the presence of an anoxic bottom environment within the depositional basin; (3) a reflux source of sulfate ion; (4) an adequate source of organic matter.</span></p><div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The results of this study may serve as guidelines for future exploration in similar, untested sedimentary basins, especially those with rocks of middle Paleozoic age.</div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(77)90005-5","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., Brobst, D., and Beck, P., 1977, The organic geochemistry of black sedimentary barite: Significance and implications of trapped fatty acids: Organic Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(77)90005-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.946525779522,\n              41.92392900799504\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92494448500184,\n              38.77192128412841\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.106312449549,\n              35.359933458391424\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.21975936314331,\n              36.72903470007516\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.683700902708,\n              36.0924388118047\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.26257105648864,\n              33.30922133246423\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0329225003004,\n              32.66552137017362\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.76799531929962,\n              36.750895386489105\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.60074110741138,\n              36.67462457056329\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.78497930050084,\n              41.97629815017764\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.946525779522,\n              41.92392900799504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae5de4b08c986b324040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R.E.","contributorId":86754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brobst, D.A.","contributorId":103688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brobst","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, P.C.","contributorId":36285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009875,"text":"70009875 - 1977 - Search for seismic forerunners to earthquakes in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T16:38:00.182755","indexId":"70009875","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for seismic forerunners to earthquakes in central California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relatively high seismicity of the San Andreas fault zone in central California provides an excellent opportunity to search for seismic forerunners to moderate earthquakes. Analysis of seismic traveltime and earthquake location data has resulted in the identification of two possible seismic forerunners. The first is a period of apparently late (0.3 sec) P-wave arrival times lasting several weeks preceding one earthquake of magnitude 5.0. The rays for these travel paths passed through — or very close to — the aftershock volume of the subsequent earthquake. The sources for these P-arrival time data were earthquakes in the distance range 20–70 km. Uncertainties in the influence of small changes in the hypocenters of the source earthquakes and in the identification of small P-arrivals raise the possibility that the apparantly delayed arrivals are not the result of a decrease in P-velocity. The second possible precursor is an apparent increase in the average depth of earthquakes preceding two moderate earthquakes. This change might be only apparent, caused by a location bias introduced by a decrease in P-wave velocity, but numerical modeling for realistic possible changes in velocity suggests that the observed effect is more likely a true migration of earthquakes. To carry out this work — involving the manipulation of several thousand earthquake hypocenters and several hundred thousand readings of arrival time — a system of data storage was designed and manipulation programs for a large digital computer have been executed. This system allows, for example, the automatic selection of earthquakes from a specific region, the extraction of all the observed arrival times for these events, and their relocation under a chosen set of assumptions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(77)90163-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., Robinson, R., Bufe, C., Ellsworth, W., Pfluke, J., Steppe, J., and Seekins, L.C., 1977, Search for seismic forerunners to earthquakes in central California: Tectonophysics, v. 42, no. 2-4, p. 111-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(77)90163-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.75077435395022,\n              39.095488845528365\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.36360784726932,\n              35.37719892331887\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.70789267854337,\n              35.599454894398846\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0831329283512,\n              39.20355875635917\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75077435395022,\n              39.095488845528365\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b884ae4b08c986b3168cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, R.","contributorId":99694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pfluke, J. H.","contributorId":77501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfluke","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steppe, J.A.","contributorId":22087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steppe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seekins, L. C.","contributorId":99561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70009874,"text":"70009874 - 1977 - Empirical law for fault-creep events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T16:48:18.447247","indexId":"70009874","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical law for fault-creep events","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fault-creep events measured on the San Andreas and related faults near Hollister, California, can be described by a rheological model consisting of a spring, power-law dashpotand sliding block connected in series. An empirical creep-event law, derived from many creep-event records analyzed within the constraints of the model, provides a remarkably simple and accurate representation of creep-event behavior. The empirical creep law is expressed by the equation:&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>(</span><i>t</i><span>)=&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><span>&nbsp;[1−1/{</span><i>ct</i><span>(</span><i>n</i><span>−1)</span><i>D</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><sup><i>n</i>−1</sup><span>+1}/</span><sup>(<i>n</i>−1)</sup><span>] where&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;is the value of displacement at time&nbsp;</span><i>t</i><span>&nbsp;following the onset of an event,&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the final equilibrium value of the event displacementand&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;is a proportionality constant. This discovery should help determine whether the time—displacement character of creep events is controlled by the material properties of fault gouge, or by other parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(77)90024-5","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Crough, S., and Burford, R.O., 1977, Empirical law for fault-creep events: Tectonophysics, v. 42, no. 1, p. T53-T59, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(77)90024-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"T53","endPage":"T59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Melendy Ranch","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.22342633399354,\n              36.6280481223521\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22342633399354,\n              36.588697570110256\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16839941118548,\n              36.588697570110256\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.16839941118548,\n              36.6280481223521\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22342633399354,\n              36.6280481223521\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a090ae4b0c8380cd51d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crough, S.Thomas","contributorId":85317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crough","given":"S.Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010181,"text":"70010181 - 1977 - Geochemistry of Precambrian mafic dikes, central Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:14:38.396079","indexId":"70010181","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of Precambrian mafic dikes, central Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Precambrian quartz dolerites and metadolerites of the central Bighorn Mountains form dikes that intrude a Precambrian metamorphic and igneous terrane typical of the Laramide uplifts of the middle Rocky Mountains. They have a restricted range of major- and trace-element compositions and are typical of basalts in the middle stages of tholeiitic fractionation. Fractionation in the direction of iron enrichment occurred by removal of plagioclase. Average element concentrations of the two groups are nearly identical to one another, are comparable to those in Archean metabasalts from numerous shield areas, and are intermediate between those of modern oceanic tholeiites and continental tholeiites. These average concentrations suggest a depth of magma generation and thickness of crust intermediate between those for the oceanic and continental environments.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(77)90010-9","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T., 1977, Geochemistry of Precambrian mafic dikes, central Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A.: Precambrian Research, v. 4, no. 1, p. 13-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(77)90010-9.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.91969680894577,\n              44.808138289688515\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.91969680894577,\n              43.983529012844144\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.84232006071421,\n              43.983529012844144\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.84232006071421,\n              44.808138289688515\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.91969680894577,\n              44.808138289688515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16e6e4b0c8380cd552e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, T.J.","contributorId":92642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":37640,"text":"tp92 - 1977 - Verification of a model for predicting the effect of inconstant temperature on embryonic development of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"tp92","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":89,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"92","title":"Verification of a model for predicting the effect of inconstant temperature on embryonic development of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)","docAbstract":"Eggs stripped from lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) spawning in Lake Michigan were incubated in the laboratory at temperatures similar to those on whitefish spawning grounds in Lake Michigan during December-April. Observed times from fertilization to attainment of each of 21 developmental stages were used to test a model that predicts the rate of development at daily fluctuating temperatures; the model relates rate of development for any given stage j, expressed as the reciprocal of time (Rj), to temperature (T). The generalized equation for a developmental stage is Rj = abTcT??.\nObserved times agreed well (5.5% mean difference for all stages) with times predicted by the model; the observed time of 135 days from fertilization to hatching (stage 21) was only 5 days (3.7%) less than the predicted time of 140 days. The model was further verified by applying it to unpublished data supplied by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, for eggs from Lake Huron whitefish incubated in the laboratory in untempered Lake Huron water.\nThe model was used to predict the effects of small temperature increases (caused by a hypothetical waste-heat discharge) on the rate of development and time of hatching of lake whitefish eggs. According to this simulation, continuous addition of waste heat sufficient to raise the temperature 1, 2, or 3 C above ambient on the spawning grounds during December-April would advance the time of hatching 8, 16, or 21 days, respectively. Possible effects of this advancement on the reproductive success of whitefish are discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Berlin, W.H., Brooke, L., and Stone, L.J., 1977, Verification of a model for predicting the effect of inconstant temperature on embryonic development of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis): Technical Paper 92, [2], 6 p. : graph ; 26 cm.","productDescription":"[2], 6 p. : graph ; 26 cm.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822006841605?urlappend=%3Bseq=479"},{"id":161735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berlin, William H.","contributorId":15574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooke, L.T.","contributorId":60589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooke","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Linda J.","contributorId":30173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44532,"text":"wri7712 - 1977 - Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part I - Effects of Raystown Lake on the low-flow frequency characteristics of the Juniata and lower Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:40:18","indexId":"wri7712","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-12","title":"Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part I - Effects of Raystown Lake on the low-flow frequency characteristics of the Juniata and lower Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>A flow-routing model was used to simulate 17 water years of daily streamflows at five sites. The sites were Mapleton Depot and Newport, Pennsylvania, on the Juniata River, and Harrisburg and Marietta, Pennsylvania, and Conowingo, Maryland, on the Susquehanna River. The purpose for the simulations was to determine the effects of a new reservoir, Raystown Lake, on the low-flow frequency characteristics of these sites. Raystown Lake is on Raystown Branch Juniata River, a tributary to the Juniata River.</p>\n<p>Output from a reservoir-regulation model of Raystown Lake was used as input to the flow-routing models. In addition, a reservoir-routing model was developed for the hydroelectric power dams on the lower Susquehanna River.</p>\n<p>Low-flow frequency curves, based on the post-Raystown Lake simulated flows, were compared to similar curves based on pre-Raystown observed data. The comparison indicated that operation of the lake will cause estimated increases in the 7-day 10-year low flows ranging from 420 cfs at Mapleton Depot to 290 cfs at Marietta and Conowingo over the 7-day 10-year low flows for pre-Raystown conditions.</p>\n<p>Although inherent modeling errors exist in all of these simulated data, the overall quality of the simulated flows and the low-flow frequency curves is considered good. (Woodard-USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7712","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J.T., 1977, Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part I - Effects of Raystown Lake on the low-flow frequency characteristics of the Juniata and lower Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-12, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7712.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7712.jpg"},{"id":310269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0012/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.37646484375,\n              39.65645604812829\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.37646484375,\n              41.054501963290505\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1572265625,\n              41.054501963290505\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1572265625,\n              39.65645604812829\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.37646484375,\n              39.65645604812829\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":37707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28880,"text":"wri7773 - 1977 - Digital computer simulation model of the Englishtown aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T22:32:33.329655","indexId":"wri7773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-73","title":"Digital computer simulation model of the Englishtown aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"Continued decline of water levels in the Englishtown aquifer, in New Jersey, has caused considerable concern regarding the ability of the aquifer to meet future yield demands. A detailed study of the capability of the aquifer to yield water entailed the use of a digital computer simulation model to evaluate aquifer and confining layer coefficients and to test alternative concepts of the hydrodynamics of the flow system. The modeled area includes about 750 square miles of the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey and encompasses all the major centers of pumping from the Englishtown aquifer. The simulation model was calibrated by matching computed declines with historical water-level declines over the 12-year period, 1959-70. The volume of transient and steady leakage into the Englishtown aquifer from and through the adjacent confining layers equaled more than 90 percent of the total volume of water withdrawn from the aquifer between 1959 and 1970. The analytical estimate of transient leakage indicates that about 60 percent of the water withdrawn from the Englishtown between 1959 and 1970 was replaced by water released from storage in the adjacent confining beds. An additional 34 percent of the withdrawal over this time period was supported by steady leakage through the overlying confining bed from the Mount Laurel aquifer. Of the more than 30 billion gallons withdrawn from the aquifer over the 12-year period, about 2 billion gallons were obtained from storage in the aquifer. The values of aquifer and confining-layer coefficients used in the model are nearly the same as the average values obtained from field and laboratory data. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7773","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.D., 1977, Digital computer simulation model of the Englishtown aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-73, ix, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7773.","productDescription":"ix, 101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375879,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Coastal New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.267578125,\n              40.59727063442024\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.37744140625,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.2236328125,\n              40.245991504199026\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.619140625,\n              39.41922073655956\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.08056640625,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.52001953125,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.52001953125,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.16845703124999,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.77294921875,\n              38.736946065676\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.85009765625,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.8720703125,\n              40.49709237269567\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.267578125,\n              40.59727063442024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b464d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, W. D.","contributorId":73220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"W.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26737,"text":"wri7763 - 1977 - Digital flow model of the Chowan River estuary, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T11:15:08","indexId":"wri7763","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-63","title":"Digital flow model of the Chowan River estuary, North Carolina","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional deterministic flow model based on the continuity equation had been developed to provide estimates of daily flow past a number of points on the Chowan River estuary of northeast North Carolina. The digital model, programmed in Fortran IV, computes daily average discharge for nine sites; four of these represent inflow at the mouths of major tributaries, the five other sites are at stage stations along the estuary. Because flows within the Chowan River and the lower reaches of its tributaries are tidally affected, flows occur in both upstream and downstream directions. The period of record generated by the model extends from April 1, 1974, to March 31, 1976. During the two years of model operation the average discharge at Edenhouse near the mouth of the estuary was 5,830 cfs (cubic feet per second). Daily average flows during this period ranged from 55,900 cfs in the downstream direction on July 17, 1975, to 14,200 cfs in the upstream direction on November 30, 1974","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7763","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1977, Digital flow model of the Chowan River estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-63, vi, 84 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7763.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":365772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Chowan River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              36.02022525154813\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62139892578125,\n              36.02022525154813\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62139892578125,\n              36.53612263184686\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              36.53612263184686\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              36.02022525154813\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d46f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, C.C.","contributorId":53427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44535,"text":"wri773 - 1977 - Water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T15:14:12","indexId":"wri773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-3","title":"Water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation are poorly distributed both geographically and in time. On the reservation, only the Umatilla River and one of its principal tributaries, Meacham Creek, have significant perennial flows. Runoff of the principal streams is largely from snowmelt in the Blue Mountains and is highly variable. The principal aquifers are the Columbia River Basalt Group and the Quaternary alluvium. The basalt underlies the entire reservation to a depth of a few thousand feet, and most wells tap this source. The Quaternary alluvium is present only in the valleys of the principal streams. The alluvium averages about 12 feet (ft) in thickness in the Umatilla River valley, where it has the greatest extent; elsewhere it is generally thinner.</p><p>Surface-water outflow from the reservation averages about 600 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s), and the total stream inflow is about 540 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. About 480 ft<sup>3</sup>/s of the outflow is in the Umatilla River, 106 ft<sup>3</sup>/s is in McKay Creek, and 14 ft<sup>3</sup>/s is in other streams.</p><p>Dependable streamflow, defined here as the 7-day mean low flow that will occur once every 50 years, on the average, is 30 ft<sup>3</sup>/s in Umatilla River above Meacham Creek near Gibbon, 5 ft<sup>3</sup>/s in Meacham Creek below Line Creek at the east boundary, 33 ft<sup>3</sup>/s in Umatilla River at Cayuse, and 14 ft<sup>3</sup>/s in Umatilla River at Pendleton. Monthly mean flows in Umatilla River above Meacham Creek near Gibbon in summer and fall frequently are less than the published recommended minimum flows for spawning and rearing of trout; in the reach of the Umatilla River near Pendleton the summer and fall flows generally are below those recommended minimum flows.</p><p>Wells in the Columbia River Basalt Group range in depth from a few to 1,910 ft, and their yields range from less than 1 to more than 1,200 gallons per minute (gal/min). Small yields adequate for domestic needs can generally be obtained from the basalt. The depths required for successful wells may be&nbsp;extremely variable. Evaluation of specific-capacity data from wells in the basalt in four geographic areas suggests that the basalt is more permeable beneath the south reservation and the Umatilla River valley, that the permeability decreases on the north reservation, and that it is least in the Blue Mountains.&nbsp;</p><p>Surface and ground waters generally are of good quality and suitable for most uses. Surface water is soft and generally contains less than 120 milligrams per liter (ug/L) of dissolved solids. Dissolved oxygen in streams is generally at or close to saturation levels at most stream temperatures and discharge rates. Ground water ranges from soft to very hard (28 to 280 mg/L), but it generally ranges between moderately hard to hard (61 to 180 mg/L). Dissolved solids in ground water range from 88 to 561 mg/L, but generally are between 200 and about 250 mg/L.</p><p>During 1975, an estimated 11 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of surface and ground water was withdrawn from the reservation for all uses. About 4 Mgal/d was from surface-water sources and 60 percent, or 7 Mgal/d, was from ground-water sources. About 7.2 Mgal/d was used for irrigation, 3.6 Mgal/d for public supply, and the remainder was for domestic and industrial use. About 4 Mgal/d, or 40 percent of the total water withdrawn, was for public supply and for irrigation use outside the reservation boundaries.</p><p>Local seasonal declines of ground-water levels of 100 ft or more occur in shallow basalt wells in the Umatilla River valley between Mission and the west boundary. The declines are due chiefly to pumping from many small-capacity shallow wells in the basalt for irrigation of lawns and small acreages of pasture or hay.</p><p>Future potential problems on the reservation include regional decline of ground-water levels in the basalt aquifer and local contamination of surface and ground water from accidental spills of deleterious substances. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri773","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, J.B., and Harris, D., 1977, Water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-3, vi, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri773.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":361270,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umatilla Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.8,\n              45.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              45.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              45.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8,\n              45.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8,\n              45.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Joseph B.","contributorId":74350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":229957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, D.D.","contributorId":59002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29391,"text":"wri7764 - 1977 - A digital model of the Floridan Aquifer, north of Tampa, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri7764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-64","title":"A digital model of the Floridan Aquifer, north of Tampa, Florida","docAbstract":"A regional ground-water model of the Floridan aquifer was constructed for an 875-square-mile portion of the rapidly developing area north of Tampa Bay. The digital model was calibrated by comparing observed (March 1974 and May 1975) and computed potentiometric heads. A good comparison was obtained by adjusting leakance and transmissivity. Differences between the computed and measured potentiometric surface were generally less than 3 feet, with a maximum error of 15 feet. The calibrated model may be used as a predictive tool. For example, the model could be used to evaluate the regional effects of increased ground-water withdrawal on the Florida aquifer. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7764","usgsCitation":"Robertson, A., and Mallory, M.J., 1977, A digital model of the Floridan Aquifer, north of Tampa, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-64, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7764.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, A.F.","contributorId":35369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mallory, M. J.","contributorId":10398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallory","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30160,"text":"wri77105 - 1977 - Limnology of selected lakes in Ohio, 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:45:35","indexId":"wri77105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-105","title":"Limnology of selected lakes in Ohio, 1975","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality reconnaissance by the U.S. Geological Survey and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, to evaluate the status of Ohio's lakes and reservoirs was begun in 1975 with studies of 17 lakes. Spring and summer data collections for each lake included: profile measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance; field and laboratory analyses of physical, biological, chemical organic characteristics; (nutrient), and concentrations of major and minor chemical constituents from composites of the water column; and physical and chemical data from major inflows.</p><p>Light penetration (secchi disk) ranged from 9.4 feet (2.9 meters) in Lake Hope to 0.4 feet (0.1 meter) in Acton Lake. Seasonal thermal stratification or stability is shown for 10 lakes deeper than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Unstable or modified temperature profiles were observed in shallow lakes (depths less than 15 feet) or lakes controlled through subsurface release valves.</p><p>Dissolved oxygen saturation ranged from 229 percent (20.8 milligrams per liter) in the epilimnion of Paint Creek Lake to zero in the bottom waters of all thermally stabilized lakes. Marked chemical and physical differences and nutrient uptake and recycling developed within different thermal strata. Anaerobic zones were frequently characterized by hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.</p><p>Calcium was the dominant or codominant cation, and bicarbonate and(or) sulfate were the major anions in all lakes sampled. Only Hope and Vesuvius Lakes had soft water (hardness less than 61 milligrams per liter as CaCO3 ), and both lakes were further characterized by low pH (less than 7.0). Specific conductance ranged from 510 micromhos (Deer Creek and Salt Fork Lakes) to 128 micromhos (Lake Hope). Pesticide residues were detected in Acton Lake, and concentrations of one or more trace metals were at or above Ohio Environmental Protection Agency recommended limits in 11 lakes.</p><p>Fecal coliform colony counts were below 400 colonies per 100 milliliters in 13 lakes; higher counts were observed in Acton, Cowan, Harrison, and Paint Creek Lakes in samples taken during runoff events. Phytoplankton densities greater than 100,000 cells per milliliter were observed in 12 lakes and reached a maximum of over 2,800,000 cells per milliliter in Grand Lake St. Marys. Summer domination of the algal community by blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) was indicated for 16 of the 17 lakes.</p><p>Streams are a major source of macronutrients to Ohio's lakes. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate and total Phosphorus in 38 inflow samples to the 17 lakes averaged 2.17 milligrams per liter as N and 0.29 milligrams per liter as P, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wri77105","usgsCitation":"Tobin, R.L., and Youger, J.D., 1977, Limnology of selected lakes in Ohio, 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-105, xiii, 205 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77105.","productDescription":"xiii, 205 p.","numberOfPages":"223","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333380,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":29360,"text":"wri7786 - 1977 - Ground-water supplies in the Murfreesboro area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T10:22:29","indexId":"wri7786","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-86","title":"Ground-water supplies in the Murfreesboro area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Ground water occurs in the Murfreesboro area in solution openings in the otherwise dense paleozoic limestones that underlie most of central Tennessee. Test drilling based on conceptual models of ground-water occurrence in carbonate-rock aquifers indicate that multimillion-gallon-per-day supplies could be developed from strategically located production wells in the Shiloh and Overall Creek localities. The Shiloh locality which encompasses an elongated synclinal depression in the bedrock has the potential to supply 5 to 8 million gallons per day. The Overall Creek locality which straddles a joint-oriented lineament has the potential to supply 3 to 6 million gallons per day. Some local springs could be used as a supplemental source of potable water, but storage facilities would be needed to offset poorly sustained flows during dry periods. An exception is Fox Camp Spring which appears to be a natural well. The quality of ground water in the Murfreesboro area is typically hard, moderately mineralized and moderately to highly alkaline. Although the shallowest aquifers are subject to bacterial contamination from the land surface, aquifers beneath a depth of 100 feet are prone to yield potable water. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7786","usgsCitation":"Rima, D.R., Moran, M.S., and Woods, E.J., 1977, Ground-water supplies in the Murfreesboro area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-86, viii, 76 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7786.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365761,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0086/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Murfreesboro","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.48025512695311,\n              35.79999392988527\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.319580078125,\n              35.79999392988527\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.319580078125,\n              35.902399875143615\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.48025512695311,\n              35.902399875143615\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.48025512695311,\n              35.79999392988527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rima, Donald Robert","contributorId":99535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rima","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Mary S.","contributorId":63060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, E. Jean","contributorId":82747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26718,"text":"wri77104 - 1977 - Frequency analysis of Illinois floods using observed and synthetic streamflow records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:49:37","indexId":"wri77104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-104","title":"Frequency analysis of Illinois floods using observed and synthetic streamflow records","docAbstract":"<p>Equations, applicable Statewide, for estimating flood magnitudes having recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 500 years for unregulated rural streams, with drainage areas ranging from 9.02 to 10,000 square miles (0.05 to 25,900 sqiiare kilometers), were derived by multiple regression an. A rainfall-runoff model was used in the synthesis of long-term annual peak data for each of 54 small watersheds (drainage areas less than 10.2 nii2, 26.4 km 2). Synthetic freqeency curves generated from five long-term precipitation stations were combined into one synthetic curve and then this synthetic curve was combined with the observed station frequency curve to derae the station frequency curve. Synthetic data from the 54 small streams, observed data at 33 small streams, and observed data at 154 large streams were used in the analyses. The most significant independent variables in the regression analysis for estimating flood peaks on Illinois streams were drainage area, slope, rainfall intensity, and an areal factor.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri77104","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.W., 1977, Frequency analysis of Illinois floods using observed and synthetic streamflow records: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-104, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77104.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358865,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":28992,"text":"wri7641 - 1977 - Guide for data collection to calibrate a predictive digital ground-water model of the unconfined aquifer in and near the city of Modesto, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T12:04:34","indexId":"wri7641","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-41","title":"Guide for data collection to calibrate a predictive digital ground-water model of the unconfined aquifer in and near the city of Modesto, California","docAbstract":"The city of Modesto encompasses about 12 square miles in the northeastern part of the San Joaquin Valley, Calif. The ground-water model encompasses about 542 square miles. In the Modesto area, ground water occurs in an unconfined aquifer a confined aquifer. both of which are composed of unconsolidated materials, and a consolidated-rock aquifer. Only the unconfined aquifer was modeled, using several simplifying assumptions concerning hydrologic conditions in the ground-water basin. A program is used that computes the net rate of recharge and discharge under steady-state conditions. The model was then modified until reasonable values of recharge and discharge were computed. Testing of the model indicated that simulated water levels were especially sensitive to tansmissivity, storage coefficient, irrigation return, and riverbed hydraulic conductivity; amond the parameters that affected water levels least were the vertical hydraulic conductivity and specific storage of the confining bed, the so-called E-clay. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7641","usgsCitation":"Page, R.W., 1977, Guide for data collection to calibrate a predictive digital ground-water model of the unconfined aquifer in and near the city of Modesto, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-41, v, 46 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7641.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0041/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Modesto","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.09954833984374,\n              37.57070524233116\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.8441162109375,\n              37.57070524233116\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.8441162109375,\n              37.690340943717715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09954833984374,\n              37.690340943717715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09954833984374,\n              37.57070524233116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, R. W.","contributorId":17215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27885,"text":"wri7714 - 1977 - Simulation studies of flow and sediment transport using a mathematical model, Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:58:48","indexId":"wri7714","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-14","title":"Simulation studies of flow and sediment transport using a mathematical model, Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>Simulation studies were made of flow and sediment transport for the Atchafalaya River basin, Louisiana using a mathematical model calibrated and supplied by the Hydrologic Engineering Center and the New Orleans District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The study results are based on three, 50-year computer simulations for the following alternatives: (1) no-action alternative, (2) channelization with a center-channel flow area of 80,000 sq ft, and (3) channelization with a center-channel flow area of 100,000 sq ft. Analyses of the simulated data base for depth-frequency, inundated-area, floodway cross-section and water-surface profile relationships were made for 10 flow rates. The analyses indicate a general trend of aggradation in the lower part of the floodway with a consequent trend toward increasing the inundated area, especially at higher flood flows.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7714","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., and Land, L.F., 1977, Simulation studies of flow and sediment transport using a mathematical model, Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-14, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7714.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.91986083984375,\n              29.310351371763023\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14532470703125,\n              29.310351371763023\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14532470703125,\n              31.027047769854388\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.91986083984375,\n              31.027047769854388\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.91986083984375,\n              29.310351371763023\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27541,"text":"wri7758 - 1977 - Stream simulation in an analog model of the ground-water system on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T10:04:18","indexId":"wri7758","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-58","title":"Stream simulation in an analog model of the ground-water system on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The stream circuits of an electric analog model of the ground-water system of Long Island were modified to more accurately represent the relationahip between streamflow and ground-water levels. Assumptions for use of the revised circuits are (1) that streams are strictly gaining, and (2) that ground-water seepage into the streams is proportional to the difference between streambed elevation and the average water-table elevation near the stream. No seepage into streams occurs when ground-water levels drop below the streambed elevation. Regional simulation of the 1962-68 drought on Long Island was significantly improved by use of the revised stream circuits. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7758","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., and Getzen, R.T., 1977, Stream simulation in an analog model of the ground-water system on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-58, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7758.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268530,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0058/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.06982421875,\n              40.53258931069554\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.79840087890625,\n              40.53258931069554\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.79840087890625,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.06982421875,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.06982421875,\n              40.53258931069554\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getzen, Rufus T.","contributorId":45699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getzen","given":"Rufus","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28881,"text":"wri76123 - 1977 - Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"wri76123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-123","title":"Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Englishtown Formation of the Matawan Group of Late Cretaceous age is exposed in the western part of the New Jeresy Coastal Plain along a northeast-southwest trending zone extending from Raritan Bay to Delaware Bay. In outcrop, in the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the Englishtown typically consists of a series of thin, cross-stratified, fine- to medium-grained lignitic quartz sand beds intercalated with thin beds of sandy silty clay and clayey silt, ranging in total thickness from about 140 feet (43 meters) near Raritan Bay to about 50 feet (15 meters) near Trenton. In the subsurface of the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the formation retains most of the lithologic characteristics displayed in outcrop. In northern and eastern Ocean County the Englishtown can be subdivided into three distinct lithologic units; upper and lower units of quartz sand with thin interbeds of dark sandy silt, separated by a thick sequence of sandy and clayey lignitic silt. The confined part of the aquifer in the Englishtown Formation is utilized as a source of water over an area of about 1,100 square miles (2,849 square kilometers) of the New Jersey Coastal Plain and is an important source of supply in Monmouth and northern Ocean Counties. The annual average rate of withdrawal from the aquifer in the two-county area increased from 5.5 million gallons per day (0.24 cubic meters per second) in 1959 to 9.5 million gallons per day (0.4 cubic meters per second) in 1970. Water levels in parts of this area were declining 8 to 12 feet (2.4 to 3.6 meters) per year as of 1970 and they declined as much as 140 feet (43 meters) between 1959 and 1970 near pumping centers. The aquifer transmissivity ranges from 2,400 square feet per day to 650 square feet per day (223 square meters per day to 60 square meters per day); the estimated hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 11 feet per day to 20 feet per day (3.3 meters per day to 6.1 meters per day); and the storage coefficient ranges from 8 x 10<sup>-5</sup> to 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup>. The underlying and overlying confining beds, which have an average thickness of 200 feet (61 meters) and 40 feet (12 meters), respectively, have vertical hydraulic conductivities on the order of 1 x 10<sup>-5</sup> feet per day (3 x 10<sup>-6</sup> meters per day) and specific storage on the order of 8 x 10<sup>-5</sup> ft<sup>-1</sup> (2.4 x 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>-1</sup>). The Englishtown aquifer is an integral part of the complex multi- aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. The withdrawal of water from the Englishtown aquifer has had a marked effect on the water level in the overlying Moutn Laurel aquifer, and these effects will continue so long as the water level in the Englishtown continues to decline. Any increase in the development of the Mount Laurel aquifer that reduces the volume of leakage to the Englishtown will cause an increase in the rate of water-level decline in the Englishtown even with no increase in direct withdrawals. The interrelationship and interdependency between pumping stresses in individual aquifers within the complex Coastal Plain aquifer sytem must be recognized and appreciated, and the hydrodynamics of all parts of the system must be considered if reliable predictions of aquifer response to these stresses are to be made. Such predictions generally require a simulation model analysis of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri76123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.D., 1977, Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-123, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76123.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_76_123.gif"},{"id":261954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/pdf/wrir76-123.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, W. 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