{"pageNumber":"1571","pageRowStart":"39250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184553,"records":[{"id":70173739,"text":"70173739 - 2012 - Capture and reproductive trends in summer bat communities in West Virginia: Assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T14:17:28","indexId":"70173739","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture and reproductive trends in summer bat communities in West Virginia: Assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"

Although it has been widely documented that populations of cave-roosting bats rapidly decline following the arrival of white-nose syndrome (WNS), longer term reproductive effects are less well-known and essentially unexplored at the community scale. In West Virginia, WNS was first detected in the eastern portion of the state in 2009 and winter mortality was documented in 2009 and 2010. However, quantitative impacts on summer bat communities remained unknown. We compared “historical” (pre-WNS) capture records and reproductive rates from 11,734 bats captured during summer (15 May to 15 August) of 1997–2008 and 1,304 captures during 2010. We predicted that capture rates (number of individuals captured/net-night) would decrease in 2010. We also expected the energetic strain of WNS would cause delayed or reduced reproduction, as denoted by a greater proportion of pregnant or lactating females later in the summer and a lower relative proportion of juvenile captures in the mid–late summer. We found a dramatic decline in capture rates of little brown Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared M. septentrionalis, small-footed M. leibii, Indiana M. sodalis, tri-colored Perimyotis subflavus, and hoary Lasiurus cinereus bats after detection of WNS in 2009. For these six species, 2010 capture rates were 10–37% of pre-WNS rates. Conversely, capture rates of big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus increased by 17% in 2010, whereas capture rates of eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis did not change. Together, big brown and eastern red bats were 58% of all 2010 captures but only 11% of pre-WNS captures. Reproductive data from 12,314 bats showed shifts in pregnancy and lactation dates, and an overall narrowing in the windows of time of each reproductive event, for northern-long-eared and little brown bats. Additionally, the proportion of juvenile captures declined in 2010 for these species. In contrast, lactation and pregnancy rates of big brown and eastern red bats, and the proportion of juveniles, were similar to historical patterns. Our results further elucidate the significance of short-term effects and provide a basis to examine long-term consequences of WNS.

","language":"English","publisher":"FWS Publications","doi":"10.3996/062011-JFWM-039","usgsCitation":"Francl, K.E., Ford, W.M., Sparks, D.W., and Brack, V., 2012, Capture and reproductive trends in summer bat communities in West Virginia: Assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 33-42, https://doi.org/10.3996/062011-JFWM-039.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030616","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/062011-jfwm-039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575941c3e4b04f417c2567b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francl, Karen E.","contributorId":171600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francl","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparks, Dale W.","contributorId":171601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brack, Virgil Jr","contributorId":171602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brack","given":"Virgil","suffix":"Jr","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173429,"text":"70173429 - 2012 - Occupancy rates of primary burrowing crayfish in natural and disturbed large river bottomlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T15:38:56","indexId":"70173429","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2235,"text":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy rates of primary burrowing crayfish in natural and disturbed large river bottomlands","docAbstract":"

Among crayfish, primary burrowing species are the least understood ecologically. Many primary burrowing crayfish inhabit floodplains where forested landscapes have been fragmented by agricultural, industrial, or residential uses. In this study, site occupancy rates (ψ) were modeled for two primary burrowing crayfish, Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) and Cambarus thomai Jezerinac, 1993, from Ohio and Kanawha river floodplains in West Virginia, U.S.A. Fallicambarus fodiens is one of West Virginia’s rarest crayfish, while C. thomai is prevalent in most wetlands along both river floodplains. Occupancy rate modeling incorporated four environmental covariates (forest age, soil type, tree frequency, and land use). Based on presence/absence data, forests with tree ages >100 years (ΔQAICc = 0) and sites with loam soils (ΔQAICc = 1.80) were most likely to harbor F. fodiens populations. For C. thomai, several models were supported owing to model selection uncertainty, but those with the land use covariate had more total model weight (total w i = 0 . 54 ) than all other covariate models. Cambarus thomai rarely occupied industrial/agricultural sites, but were often present in forested and residential sites. Although the influence of covariates on site occupancy differed between species, both taxa readily utilized mature forested habitats when available. Conservation actions for F. fodiens and C. thomai should focus on preserving forested tracts along large river floodplains

","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","doi":"10.1163/193724012X637339","usgsCitation":"Loughman, Z.J., Welsh, S., and Simon, T.P., 2012, Occupancy rates of primary burrowing crayfish in natural and disturbed large river bottomlands: Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 32, no. 4, p. 557-564, https://doi.org/10.1163/193724012X637339.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"564","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034613","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/193724012x637339","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e2e4b07657d19ff1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":76157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, Thomas P.","contributorId":77081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157077,"text":"70157077 - 2012 - Automated measurement of diatom size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T13:39:56","indexId":"70157077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated measurement of diatom size","docAbstract":"

Size analysis of diatom populations has not been widely considered, but it is a potentially powerful tool for understanding diatom life histories, population dynamics, and phylogenetic relationships. However, measuring cell dimensions on a light microscope is a time-consuming process. An alternative technique has been developed using digital flow cytometry on a FlowCAM® (Fluid Imaging Technologies) to capture hundreds, or even thousands, of images of a chosen taxon from a single sample in a matter of minutes. Up to 30 morphological measures may be quantified through post-processing of the high resolution images. We evaluated FlowCAM size measurements, comparing them against measurements from a light microscope. We found good agreement between measurement of apical cell length in species with elongated, straight valves, including small Achnanthidium minutissimum (11-21 µm) and largeDidymosphenia geminata (87–137 µm) forms. However, a taxon with curved cells, Hannaea baicalensis (37–96 µm), showed differences of ~ 4 µm between the two methods. Discrepancies appear to be influenced by the choice of feret or geodesic measurement for asymmetric cells. We describe the operating conditions necessary for analysis of size distributions and present suggestions for optimal instrument conditions for size analysis of diatom samples using the FlowCAM. The increased speed of data acquisition through use of imaging flow cytometers like the FlowCAM is an essential step for advancing studies of diatom populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lom.2012.10.882","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S.A., Jewson, D.H., Bixby, R.J., Nelson, H., and McKnight, D.M., 2012, Automated measurement of diatom size: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 10, p. 882-890, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.882.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"890","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036991","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.882","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f006a8e4b0dacf699e9fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jewson, David H.","contributorId":147390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jewson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16835,"text":"Freshwater Laboratory, University of Ulster, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bixby, Rebecca J.","contributorId":147389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bixby","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16834,"text":"Dept. of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, Univ of NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nelson, Harry","contributorId":147391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16836,"text":"Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc., Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70003946,"text":"70003946 - 2012 - Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T14:10:32.473227","indexId":"70003946","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","docAbstract":"At regional scales, the most important variables associated with diversity are latitudinally-based temperature and net primary productivity, although diversity is also influenced by habitat. We examined bird species richness, community density and community evenness in forests of eastern Connecticut to determine whether: 1) spatial and seasonal patterns exist in diversity, 2) energy explains the greatest proportion of variation in diversity parameters, 3) variation in habitat explains remaining diversity variance, and 4) seasonal shifts in diversity provide clues about how environmental variables shape communities. We sought to discover if our data supported predictions of the species–energy hypothesis. We used the variable circular plot technique to estimate bird populations and quantified the location, elevation, forest type, vegetation type, canopy cover, moisture regime, understory density and primary production for the study sites. We found that 1) summer richness and population densities are roughly equal in northeastern and southeastern Connecticut, whereas in winter both concentrate toward the coast, 2) variables linked with temperature explained much of the patterns in winter diversity, but energy-related variables showed little relationship to summer diversity, 3) the effect of habitat variables on diversity parameters predominated in summer, although their effect was weak, 4) contrary to theory, evenness increased from summer to winter, and 5) support for predictions of species–energy theory was primarily restricted to winter data. Although energy and habitat played a role in explaining community patterns, they left much of the variance in regional diversity unexplained, suggesting that a large stochastic component to diversity also may exist.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x","usgsCitation":"Craig, R., and Klaver, R.W., 2012, Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA: Ecography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 599-609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"609","ipdsId":"IP-021424","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.99 ], [ -73.73,42.05 ], [ -71.79,42.05 ], [ -71.79,40.99 ], [ -73.73,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe0e4b0d298e5434c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Robert J.","contributorId":79781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042085,"text":"70042085 - 2012 - Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T14:32:05","indexId":"70042085","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series","docAbstract":"Multispectral remote sensing of the Earth using Landsat sensors was ushered on July 23, 1972, with the launch of Landsat-1. Following that success, four more Landsat satellites were launched, and each of these carried the Multispectral Scanner System (MSS). These five sensors provided the only consistent multispectral space-based imagery of the Earth's surface from 1972 to 1982. This work focuses on developing both a consistent and absolute radiometric calibration of this sensor system. Cross-calibration of the MSS was performed through the use of pseudoinvariant calibration sites (PICSs). Since these sites have been shown to be stable for long periods of time, changes in MSS observations of these sites were attributed to changes in the sensors themselves. In addition, simultaneous data collections were available for some MSS sensor pairs, and these were also used for cross-calibration. Results indicated substantial differences existed between instruments, up to 16%, and these were reduced to 5% or less across all MSS sensors and bands. Lastly, this paper takes the calibration through the final step and places the MSS sensors on an absolute radiometric scale. The methodology used to achieve this was based on simultaneous data collections by the Landsat-5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) instruments. Through analysis of image data from a PICS location and through compensating for the spectral differences between the two instruments, the Landsat-5 MSS sensor was placed on an absolute radiometric scale based on the Landsat-5 TM sensor. Uncertainties associated with this calibration are considered to be less than 5%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351","usgsCitation":"Helder, D.L., Karki, S., Bhatt, R., Micijevik, E., Aaron, D., and Jasinski, B., 2012, Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 6, p. 2380-2399, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2380","endPage":"2399","ipdsId":"IP-030742","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269167,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e8ee4b089809dbf44ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, Dennis L.","contributorId":105613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karki, Sadhana","contributorId":64966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karki","given":"Sadhana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhatt, Rajendra","contributorId":95768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhatt","given":"Rajendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Micijevik, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":107995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevik","given":"Esad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aaron, David","contributorId":83809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aaron","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jasinski, Benjamin","contributorId":31274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173519,"text":"70173519 - 2012 - Highly efficient amplification of chronic wasting disease agent by protein misfolding cyclical amplification with beads (PMCAb)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T13:40:23","indexId":"70173519","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highly efficient amplification of chronic wasting disease agent by protein misfolding cyclical amplification with beads (PMCAb)","docAbstract":"

Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) has emerged as an important technique for detecting low levels of pathogenic prion protein in biological samples. The method exploits the ability of the pathogenic prion protein to convert the normal prion protein to a proteinase K-resistant conformation. Inclusion of Teflon® beads in the PMCA reaction (PMCAb) has been previously shown to increase the sensitivity and robustness of detection for the 263 K and SSLOW strains of hamster-adapted prions. Here, we demonstrate that PMCAb with saponin dramatically increases the sensitivity of detection for chronic wasting disease (CWD) agent without compromising the specificity of the assay (i.e., no false positive results). Addition of Teflon® beads increased the robustness of the PMCA reaction, resulting in a decrease in the variability of PMCA results. Three rounds of serial PMCAb allowed detection of CWD agent from a 6.7×10−13 dilution of 10% brain homogenate (1.3 fg of source brain). Titration of the same brain homogenate in transgenic mice expressing cervid prion protein (Tg(CerPrP)1536+/−mice) allowed detection of CWD agent from the 10−6 dilution of 10% brain homogenate. PMCAb is, thus, more sensitive than bioassay in transgenic mice by a factor exceeding 105. Additionally, we are able to amplify CWD agent from brain tissue and lymph nodes of CWD-positive white-tailed deer having Prnp alleles associated with reduced disease susceptibility.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0035383","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Aiken, J.M., McKenzie, D., Samuel, M.D., and Pedersen, J.A., 2012, Highly efficient amplification of chronic wasting disease agent by protein misfolding cyclical amplification with beads (PMCAb): PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 4, e35383; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035383.","productDescription":"e35383; 7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034522","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb6e4b07657d19ba77b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Chad J.","contributorId":171369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24576,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenzie, Debbie","contributorId":82211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedersen, Joel A.","contributorId":85079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162264,"text":"70162264 - 2012 - Using stable isotopes to test for trophic niche partitioning: a case study with stream salamanders and fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T13:27:54","indexId":"70162264","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using stable isotopes to test for trophic niche partitioning: a case study with stream salamanders and fish","docAbstract":"

1. Stream salamanders and fish often co-occur even though fish prey on and outcompete salamanders. However, the mechanisms that allow palatable salamanders to coexist with fish are unknown.

\n

2. We tested mechanisms in the field that promote coexistence between Idaho giant salamanders (Dicamptodon aterrimus) and stream salmonid fishes in headwater streams. Previous research in this system indicated that salamander dispersal did not promote coexistence with fish. We tested the hypothesis that D. aterrimus shift their diet when they occur with fish, facilitating coexistence through local niche partitioning.

\n

3. We used nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes to describe the trophic niche of D. aterrimus and fish in three co-occurring populations of salamanders and fish and three populations of salamanders without fish. We used two approaches to quantify trophic niche partitioning with stable isotopes: 95% kernel density estimators and isotopic mixing models.

\n

4. We found that salamanders and fish were generalists that consumed aquatic invertebrates primarily, but both species were also cannibalistic and predatory on one another. We also found no support for trophic niche partitioning as a coexistence mechanism because there were no differences in the trophic niche metrics among salamander populations with and without fish.

\n

5. Although we did not identify mechanisms that facilitate salamander and fish coexistence, our empirical data and use of novel approaches to describe the trophic niche did yield important insights on the role of predator–prey interactions and cannibalism as alternative coexistence mechanisms. In addition, we found that 95% kernel estimators are a simple and robust method to describe population-level measure of trophic structure.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02800.x","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Lowe, W., and Marra, P., 2012, Using stable isotopes to test for trophic niche partitioning: a case study with stream salamanders and fish: Freshwater Biology, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1399-1409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02800.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1399","endPage":"1409","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034902","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0bddae4b0961cf280dc34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":64532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor H.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marra, Peter P.","contributorId":108030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"Peter P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70042772,"text":"70042772 - 2012 - Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T14:22:27","indexId":"70042772","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise?","docAbstract":"Wildlife translocation is increasingly used to mitigate disturbances to animals or habitat due to human activities, yet little is known about the extent to which translocating animals causes stress. To understand the relationship between physiological stress and translocation, we conducted a multiyear study (2007–2009) using a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) near Fort Irwin, California. Blood samples were collected from adult tortoises in three treatment groups (resident, translocated and control) for 1 year prior to and 2 years after translocation. Samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for plasma total corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid hormone commonly associated with stress responses in reptiles. CORT values were analyzed in relation to potential covariates (animal sex, date, behavior, treatment, handling time, air temperature, home-range size, precipitation and annual plant production) among seasons and years. CORT values in males were higher than in females, and values for both varied monthly throughout the activity season and among years. Year and sex were strong predictors of CORT, and translocation explained little in terms of CORT. Based on these results, we conclude that translocation does not elicit a physiological stress response in desert tortoises.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x","usgsCitation":"Drake, K., Nussear, K., Esque, T., Barber, A., Vittum, K., Medica, P., Tracy, C., and Hunter, K., 2012, Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise?: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 6, p. 560-570, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"570","ipdsId":"IP-036103","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271765,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,35.0 ], [ -117.0,35.5 ], [ -116.0,35.5 ], [ -116.0,35.0 ], [ -117.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838ae5e4b0a21483941a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, K.K.","contributorId":85775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, K.E.","contributorId":80227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, A.M.","contributorId":6238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vittum, K.M.","contributorId":28881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vittum","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tracy, C.R.","contributorId":73524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunter, K.W.","contributorId":26950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70146240,"text":"70146240 - 2012 - Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: Scaling, event statistics, and inter-event triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T15:29:53.984353","indexId":"70146240","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3887,"text":"Advances in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: Scaling, event statistics, and inter-event triggering","docAbstract":"

Observations related to tsunami catalogs are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. An examination of scaling relationships between earthquake size (as expressed by scalar seismic moment and mean slip) and tsunami size (as expressed by mean and maximum local run-up and maximum far-field amplitude) indicates that scaling is significant at the 95% confidence level, although there is uncertainty in how well earthquake size can predict tsunami size (R2 ~ 0.4-0.6). In examining tsunami event statistics, current methods used to estimate the size distribution of earthquakes and landslides and the inter-event time distribution of earthquakes are first reviewed. These methods are adapted to estimate the size and inter-event distribution of tsunamis at a particular recording station. Using a modified Pareto size distribution, the best-fit power-law exponents of tsunamis recorded at nine Pacific tide-gauge stations exhibit marked variation, in contrast to the approximately constant power-law exponent for inter-plate thrust earthquakes. With regard to the inter-event time distribution, significant temporal clustering of tsunami sources is demonstrated. For tsunami sources occurring in close proximity to other sources in both space and time, a physical triggering mechanism, such as static stress transfer, is a likely cause for the anomalous clustering. Mechanisms of earthquake-to-earthquake and earthquake-to-landslide triggering are reviewed. Finally, a modification of statistical branching models developed for earthquake triggering is introduced to describe triggering among tsunami sources.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-380938-4.00002-1","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2012, Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: Scaling, event statistics, and inter-event triggering: Advances in Geophysics, v. 53, p. 35-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380938-4.00002-1.","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029022","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b1e4b05d6c4e501a5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044405,"text":"70044405 - 2012 - Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T14:22:11","indexId":"70044405","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed","docAbstract":"Hyporheic flow in streams has typically been studied separately from geomorphic processes. We investigated interactions between bed mobility and dynamic hyporheic storage of solutes and fine particles in a sand-bed stream before, during, and after a flood. A conservatively transported solute tracer (bromide) and a fine particles tracer (5 μm latex particles), a surrogate for fine particulate organic matter, were co-injected during base flow. The tracers were differentially stored, with fine particles penetrating more shallowly in hyporheic flow and retained more efficiently due to the high rate of particle filtration in bed sediment compared to solute. Tracer injections lasted 3.5 h after which we released a small flood from an upstream dam one hour later. Due to shallower storage in the bed, fine particles were rapidly entrained during the rising limb of the flood hydrograph. Rather than being flushed by the flood, we observed that solutes were stored longer due to expansion of hyporheic flow paths beneath the temporarily enlarged bedforms. Three important timescales determined the fate of solutes and fine particles: (1) flood duration, (2) relaxation time of flood-enlarged bedforms back to base flow dimensions, and (3) resulting adjustments and lag times of hyporheic flow. Recurrent transitions between these timescales explain why we observed a peak accumulation of natural particulate organic matter between 2 and 4 cm deep in the bed, i.e., below the scour layer of mobile bedforms but above the maximum depth of particle filtration in hyporheic flow paths. Thus, physical interactions between bed mobility and hyporheic transport influence how organic matter is stored in the bed and how long it is retained, which affects decomposition rate and metabolism of this southeastern Coastal Plain stream. In summary we found that dynamic interactions between hyporheic flow, bed mobility, and flow variation had strong but differential influences on base flow retention and flood mobilization of solutes and fine particulates. These hydrogeomorphic relationships have implications for microbial respiration of organic matter, carbon and nutrient cycling, and fate of contaminants in streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2012JG002043","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Drummond, J., Martin, R., McPhillips, L., Packman, A., Jerolmack, D., Stonedahl, S., Aubeneau, A., Sawyer, A., Larsen, L., and Tobias, C., 2012, Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 117, no. G4, G00N11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002043.","productDescription":"G00N11","ipdsId":"IP-040084","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1089&context=ees_papers","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002043"},{"id":270709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"G4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ae4b077fa94dadfaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drummond, J.D.","contributorId":26945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, R.L.","contributorId":85296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McPhillips, L.E.","contributorId":68547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Packman, A.I.","contributorId":37539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jerolmack, D.J.","contributorId":64858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerolmack","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stonedahl, S.H.","contributorId":100710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonedahl","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aubeneau, A.F.","contributorId":7584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubeneau","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sawyer, A.H.","contributorId":33197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tobias, C.R.","contributorId":9442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70044378,"text":"70044378 - 2012 - Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T09:31:07","indexId":"70044378","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes","docAbstract":"Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop: Remote Sensing and Image Analysis of Planetary Dunes; Flagstaff, Arizona, 12–16 June 2012. This workshop, the third in a biennial series, was convened as a means of bringing together terrestrial and planetary researchers from diverse backgrounds with the goal of fostering collaborative interdisciplinary research. The small-group setting facilitated intensive discussions of many problems associated with aeolian processes on Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan, Triton, and Pluto. The workshop produced a list of key scientifc questions about planetary dune felds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012EO380010","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Hayward, R., and Dinwiddie, C., 2012, Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 38, p. 367-367, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO380010.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"367","ipdsId":"IP-038959","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012eo380010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273674,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO380010"}],"volume":"93","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51baeb87e4b02914c2497f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayward, Rosalyn K.","contributorId":90955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Rosalyn K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinwiddie, Cynthia L.","contributorId":38880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinwiddie","given":"Cynthia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044892,"text":"70044892 - 2012 - Gemstones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T20:18:08","indexId":"70044892","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gemstones","docAbstract":"The estimated value of natural gemstones produced from U.S. deposits during 2011 was $10.6 million, a 6-percent increase from 2010. U.S. gemstone production included agate, amber, beryl, coral, garnet, jade, jasper, opal, pearl, quartz, sapphire, shell, topaz, tourmaline, turquoise and many other gem materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., 2012, Gemstones: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 54-55.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-028655","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf36ce4b0d8907b2881e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, D.W.","contributorId":82369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043577,"text":"70043577 - 2012 - Assessing sloth bears as surrogates for carnivore conservation in Sri Lanka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T14:17:22","indexId":"70043577","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing sloth bears as surrogates for carnivore conservation in Sri Lanka","docAbstract":"Bears are large, charismatic mammals whose presence often garners conservation attention. Because healthy bear populations typically require large, contiguous areas of habitat, land conservation actions often are assumed to benefit co-occurring species, including other mammalian carnivores. However, we are not aware of an empirical test of this assumption. We used remote camera data from 2 national parks in Sri Lanka to test the hypothesis that the frequency of detection of sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) is associated with greater richness of carnivore species. We focused on mammalian carnivores because they play a pivotal role in the stability of ecological communities and are among Sri Lanka's most endangered species. Seven of Sri Lanka's carnivores are listed as endangered, vulnerable, or near threatened, and little empirical information exists on their status and distribution. During 2002–03, we placed camera traps at 152 sites to document carnivore species presence. We used Poisson regression to develop predictive models for 3 categories of dependent variables: species richness of (1) all carnivores, (2) carnivores considered at risk, and (3) carnivores of least conservation concern. For each category, we analyzed 8 a priori models based on combinations of sloth bear detections, sample year, and study area and used Akaike's information criterion (AICc) to test our research hypothesis. We detected sloth bears at 55 camera sites and detected 13 of Sri Lanka's 14 Carnivora species. Species richness of all carnivores showed positive associations with the number of sloth bear detections, regardless of study area. Sloth bear detections were also positively associated with species richness of carnivores at risk across both study years and study areas, but not with species richness of common carnivores. Sloth bears may serve as a valuable surrogate species whose habitat protection would contribute to conservation of other carnivores in Sri Lanka.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"http://www.bearbiology.com/","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00029.1","usgsCitation":"Ratnayeke, S., and van Manen, F., 2012, Assessing sloth bears as surrogates for carnivore conservation in Sri Lanka: Ursus, v. 23, no. 2, p. 206-217, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00029.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"217","ipdsId":"IP-040752","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270015,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00029.1"}],"country":"Sri Lanka","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 79.6289,5.9191 ], [ 79.6289,9.8359 ], [ 81.8787,9.8359 ], [ 81.8787,5.9191 ], [ 79.6289,5.9191 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171e2e4b087909f0bbe67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratnayeke, Shyamala","contributorId":40873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratnayeke","given":"Shyamala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T.","contributorId":51172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045106,"text":"70045106 - 2012 - Improving PAGER's real-time earthquake casualty and loss estimation toolkit: a challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T13:42:25","indexId":"70045106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improving PAGER's real-time earthquake casualty and loss estimation toolkit: a challenge","docAbstract":"We describe the on-going developments of PAGER’s loss estimation models, and discuss value-added web content that can be generated related to exposure, damage and loss outputs for a variety of PAGER users. These developments include identifying vulnerable building types in any given area, estimating earthquake-induced damage and loss statistics by building type, and developing visualization aids that help locate areas of concern for improving post-earthquake response efforts. While detailed exposure and damage information is highly useful and desirable, significant improvements are still necessary in order to improve underlying building stock and vulnerability data at a global scale. Existing efforts with the GEM’s GED4GEM and GVC consortia will help achieve some of these objectives. This will benefit PAGER especially in regions where PAGER’s empirical model is less-well constrained; there, the semi-empirical and analytical models will provide robust estimates of damage and losses. Finally, we outline some of the challenges associated with rapid casualty and loss estimation that we experienced while responding to recent large earthquakes worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEM","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D., 2012, Improving PAGER's real-time earthquake casualty and loss estimation toolkit: a challenge, in The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037996","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274112,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_2539.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a66e4b0a50a6e8f57f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, K. S.","contributorId":105564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042520,"text":"70042520 - 2012 - Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander). Reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T09:42:38","indexId":"70042520","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander). Reproduction","title":"Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander). Reproduction","docAbstract":"

No abstract avaailable.

","language":"English","publisher":"SSAR","usgsCitation":"Glorioso, B.M., Waddle, H., and Hefner, J., 2012, Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander). Reproduction: Herpetological Review, v. 43, no. 4, p. 627-628.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"628","ipdsId":"IP-037899","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167db65e4b0ec0efb666f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133 waddleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":2911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Hardin","email":"waddleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hefner, Jeromi","contributorId":75406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hefner","given":"Jeromi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044377,"text":"70044377 - 2012 - Impact-based earthquake alerts with the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system: what's next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T13:38:49","indexId":"70044377","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact-based earthquake alerts with the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system: what's next?","docAbstract":"In September 2010, the USGS began publicly releasing earthquake alerts for significant earthquakes around the globe based on estimates of potential casualties and economic losses with its Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system. These estimates significantly enhanced the utility of the USGS PAGER system which had been, since 2006, providing estimated population exposures to specific shaking intensities. Quantifying earthquake impacts and communicating estimated losses (and their uncertainties) to the public, the media, humanitarian, and response communities required a new protocol—necessitating the development of an Earthquake Impact Scale—described herein and now deployed with the PAGER system. After two years of PAGER-based impact alerting, we now review operations, hazard calculations, loss models, alerting protocols, and our success rate for recent (2010-2011) events. This review prompts analyses of the strengths, limitations, opportunities, and pressures, allowing clearer definition of future research and development priorities for the PAGER system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEM","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., Jaiswal, K.S., Marano, K.D., Garcia, D., So, E., and Hearne, M., 2012, Impact-based earthquake alerts with the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system: what's next?, in The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037951","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274110,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_0956.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a65e4b0a50a6e8f57ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, K. S.","contributorId":105564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marano, K. D.","contributorId":92390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marano","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, D.","contributorId":56936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"So, E.","contributorId":92147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"So","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hearne, M.","contributorId":86873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043572,"text":"70043572 - 2012 - Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture -- part III: model verification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T15:31:14","indexId":"70043572","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture -- part III: model verification","docAbstract":"Based on conventional mass transfer models developed for oxygen, the use of the non-linear ASCE method, 2-point method, and one parameter linear-regression method were evaluated for carbon dioxide stripping data. For values of KLaCO2 < approximately 1.5/h, the 2-point or ASCE method are a good fit to experimental data, but the fit breaks down at higher values of KLaCO2. How to correct KLaCO2 for gas phase enrichment remains to be determined. The one-parameter linear regression model was used to vary the C*CO2 over the test, but it did not result in a better fit to the experimental data when compared to the ASCE or fixed C*CO2 assumptions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.007","usgsCitation":"Colt, J., Watten, B., and Pfeiffer, T., 2012, Carbon dioxide stripping in aquaculture -- part III: model verification: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 47, p. 47-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-036708","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270023,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.12.007"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171e4e4b087909f0bbe71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colt, John","contributorId":63695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colt","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":97788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeiffer, Tim","contributorId":34792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042536,"text":"70042536 - 2012 - Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T11:50:16","indexId":"70042536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging","docAbstract":"By shaping species interactions, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can profoundly influence ecosystems. Predicting such outcomes has proven difficult, however, owing in part to the dependence of plasticity on the environmental context. Of particular relevance are environmental factors that affect sensory performance in organisms in ways that alter the tradeoffs associated with adaptive phenotypic responses. We explored the influence of turbidity, which simultaneously and differentially affects the sensory performance of consumers at multiple trophic levels, on the indirect effect of a top predator (piscivorous fish) on a basal prey resource (zooplankton) that is mediated through changes in the plastic foraging behavior of an intermediate consumer (zooplanktivorous fish). We first generated theoretical predictions of the adaptive foraging response of a zooplanktivore across wide gradients of turbidity and predation risk by a piscivore. Our model predicted that predation risk can change the negative relationship between intermediate consumer foraging and turbidity into a humped-shaped (unimodal) one in which foraging is low in both clear and highly turbid conditions due to foraging-related risk and visual constraints, respectively. Consequently, the positive trait-mediated indirect effect (TMIE) of the top predator on the basal resource is predicted to peak at low turbidity and decline thereafter until it reaches an asymptote of zero at intermediate turbidity levels (when foraging equals that which is predicted when the top predator is absent). We used field observations and a laboratory experiment to test our model predictions. In support, we found humped-shaped relationships between planktivory and turbidity for several zooplanktivorous fishes from diverse freshwater ecosystems with predation risk. Further, our experiment demonstrated that predation risk reduced zooplanktivory by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) at a low turbidity, but had no effect on consumption at an intermediate turbidity. Together, our theoretical and empirical findings show how the environmental context can govern the strength of TMIEs by influencing consumer sensory performance and how these effects can become realized in nature over wide environmental gradients. Additionally, our hump-shaped foraging curve represents an important departure from the conventional view of turbidity's effect on planktivorous fishes, thus potentially requiring a reconceptualization of turbidity's impact on aquatic food-web interactions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES12-00224.1","usgsCitation":"Pangle, K.L., Malinich, T.D., Bunnell, D., DeVries, D.R., and Ludsin, S.A., 2012, Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging: Ecosphere, v. 3, no. 12, Article 114; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00224.1.","productDescription":"Article 114; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-042043","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es12-00224.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269992,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00224.1"}],"volume":"3","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171e8e4b087909f0bbe82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pangle, Kevin L.","contributorId":40947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pangle","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malinich, Timothy D.","contributorId":7583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinich","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David B.","contributorId":14360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeVries, Dennis R.","contributorId":49678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVries","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A.","contributorId":96978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042344,"text":"70042344 - 2012 - Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T22:02:38","indexId":"70042344","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil","docAbstract":"Land application of biosolids (treated sewage sludge) can be an important route for introducing xenobiotic compounds into terrestrial environments. There is a paucity of available information on the effects of biosolids amendment on terrestrial organisms. In this study, the influence of biosolids and biosolids aging on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) reproduction and survival and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedling emergence was investigated. Earthworms were exposed to soils amended with varying quantities of biosolids (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% dry mass). To investigate the influence of biosolids aging, the biosolids used in the study were aged for differing lengths of time (2 or 8 weeks) prior to exposure. All of the adult earthworms survived in the biosolids–amended soils at all concentrations that were aged for 2 weeks; however, only 20% of the adults survived in the soil amended with the highest concentration of biosolids and aged for 8 weeks. Reproduction as measured by mean number of juveniles and unhatched cocoons produced per treatment correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, although the effects were generally more pronounced in the 8-week aged biosolids–soil samples. Latent seedling emergence and reduced seedling fitness correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, but these effects were tempered in the 8-week aged versus the 2-week aged soil–biosolids mixtures. Anthropogenic waste indicator compounds (AWIs) were measured in the biosolids, biosolids–soil mixtures, and earthworm samples. Where possible, bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated or estimated. A wide variety of AWIs were detected in the biosolids (51 AWIs) and earthworm samples (≤ 19 AWI). The earthworms exposed to the 8-week aged biosolids–soil mixtures tended to accumulate greater quantities of AWIs compared to the 2-week aged mixture, suggesting that the bioavailability of some AWIs was enhanced with aging. The BAFs for a given AWI varied with treatment. Notably large BAFs were determined for some AWIs. For example, the maximum BAF determined for para-cresol, methyl salicylate, bisphenol-A, and cholesterol was greater than 100 in some treatments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C.A., Campbell, B., Thompson, R., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Werner, S.L., and Hay, A.G., 2012, Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil: Science of the Total Environment, v. 433, p. 507-515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-026753","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2266e4b061e1bd533380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, Chad A.","contributorId":56952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bryan R.","contributorId":94571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bryan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Regina","contributorId":74654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Regina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hay, Anthony G.","contributorId":60930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70043437,"text":"70043437 - 2012 - Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T18:02:20.761588","indexId":"70043437","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","docAbstract":"Nature-like fishways have been designed with the intent to reconnect river corridors and provide passage for all species occurring in a system. The approach is gaining popularity both in Europe and North America, but performance of these designs has not been quantitatively evaluated in a field setting for any North American species. Two nature-like fishways and three technical fishways in New England were evaluated for passage of anadromous adult alewives Alosa pseudoharengus by using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry. A perturbation boulder rock ramp (32 m long; 4.2% slope) constructed in Town Brook (Plymouth, Massachusetts) passed 94% of the fish that made passage attempts, with most fish ascending the ramp in less than 22 min. In the East River (Guilford, Connecticut), a step-pool bypass design (48 m long; 7.1% slope) passed only 40% of attempting fish, with a median transit time of 75 min. In Town Brook, a technical pool-and-weir fishway (14 m long; 14.3% slope) exhibited poor entry and poor passage for the fish. In contrast, in the East River, two technical steeppass fishways (3 m long; 29.6% and 9.6% slopes) passed the majority of available fish, although one of these steeppass fishways may have lacked sufficient flow to attract fish to the entrance. In both Town Brook and the East River, tagged fish passed rapidly downstream through all fishways after spawning. In the East River, the amount of time fish spent in the spawning habitat before migrating downstream ranged from 1 to 41 d. These studies demonstrate that some nature-like and technical fishway designs can effectively facilitate passage of alewives, but a fishway's location in relation to a spillway is important, and further evaluations are required to more precisely identify the influence of the vertical drop per pool and the specific local hydraulics on alewife behaviors and passage performance.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.683469","usgsCitation":"Franklin, A.E., Haro, A., Castro-Santos, T.R., and Noreika, J., 2012, Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 3, p. 624-637, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.683469.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-014329","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.95 ], [ -73.73,47.46 ], [ -66.89,47.46 ], [ -66.89,40.95 ], [ -73.73,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e33e4b0c89b8f120e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, Abigail E.","contributorId":46864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alex 0000-0002-7188-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":37223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noreika, John","contributorId":27774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044903,"text":"70044903 - 2012 - Bromine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T22:32:01","indexId":"70044903","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromine","docAbstract":"The element bromine is found principally as a dissolved species in seawater, evaporitic (salt) lakes and underground brines associated with petroleum deposits. Seawater contains about 65 parts per million of bromine or an estimated 100 Tt (110 trillion st). In the Middle East, the highly saline waters of the Dead Sea are estimated to contain 1 Gt (1.1billion st) of bromine. Bromine is also recovered from seawater as a coproduct during evaporation to produce salt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Ober, J.A., 2012, Bromine: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 40-41.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-029037","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172676ce4b0c173799e7957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044280,"text":"70044280 - 2012 - Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T09:44:59","indexId":"70044280","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":926,"text":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)","docAbstract":"Acetic acid is one of the most abundant organic acids in the ambient atmosphere, with maximum mixing ratios reaching into the tens of parts per billion by volume (ppbv) range. The identities and associated magnitudes of the major sources and sinks for acetic acid are poorly characterized, due in part to the limitation in available measurement techniques. This paper demonstrates that Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) can reliably quantify acetic acid vapor in ambient air. Three different PTR-MS configurations were calibrated at low ppbv mixing ratios using permeation tubes, which yielded calibration factors between 7.0 and 10.9 normalized counts per second per ppbv (ncps ppbv−1) at a drift tube field strength of 132 townsend (Td). Detection limits ranged from 0.06 to 0.32 ppbv with dwell times of 5 s. These calibration factors showed negligible humidity dependence. Using the experimentally determined calibration factors, PTR-MS measurements of acetic acid during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) campaign were validated against results obtained using Mist Chambers coupled with Ion Chromatography (MC/IC). An orthogonal least squares linear regression of paired data yielded a slope of 1.14 ± 0.06 (2σ), an intercept of 0.049 ± 20 (2σ) ppbv, and an R2 of 0.78. The median mixing ratio of acetic acid on Appledore Island, ME during the ICARTT campaign was 0.530 ± 0.025 ppbv with a minimum of 0.075 ± 0.004 ppbv, and a maximum of 3.555 ± 0.171 ppbv.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/amtd-5-4635-2012","usgsCitation":"Haase, K., Keene, W., Pszenny, A., Mayne, H., Talbot, R., and Sive, B., 2012, Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS): Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, v. 5, no. 4, p. 4635-4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-4635-2012.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"4635","endPage":"4665","ipdsId":"IP-041862","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-4635-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268740,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-4635-2012"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513721f3e4b02ab8869bffbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haase, K.B.","contributorId":80940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keene, W.C.","contributorId":71457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keene","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pszenny, A.A.P.","contributorId":62482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pszenny","given":"A.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayne, H.R.","contributorId":21016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayne","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, R.W.","contributorId":18645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sive, B.C.","contributorId":66518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sive","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043472,"text":"70043472 - 2012 - Description of two new gill myxozoans from smallmouth (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T11:01:28","indexId":"70043472","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description of two new gill myxozoans from smallmouth (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"Two previously undescribed species of myxozoan parasites were observed in the gills of bass inhabiting the Potomac and James River basins. They are described using morphological characteristics and small-subunit (SSU) rDNA gene sequences. Both were taxonomically identified as new species of Myxobolus; Myxobolus branchiarum n. sp. was found exclusively in smallmouth bass, and Myxobolus micropterii n. sp. was found in largemouth and smallmouth bass. Small, spherical, white plasmodia of M. branchiarum from smallmouth bass were observed grossly in the gills; these plasmodia had an average length of 320.3 µm and width of 246.1 µm. The development of the plasmodia is intralamellar in the secondary lamellae of the gills. Mature spores were pyriform in shape with a length of 12.8 ± 1.4 (8.1–15.1) µm and width of 6.9 ± 1.1 (4.0–9.0) µm. Analysis of SSU rDNA identified M. branchiarum in a sister-group to 3 species of Henneguya, although morphologically caudal appendages were absent. Myxobolus micropterii observed in the gills of largemouth and smallmouth bass had larger, ovoid, cream-colored plasmodia with an average length of 568.1 µm and width of 148.1 µm. The cysts developed at the distal end of the gill filament within the primary lamellae. The mature spores were ovoid in shape with a length of 10.8 ± 0.7 (9.2–12.2) µm and width of 10.6 ± 0.6 (9.0–11.8) µm. SSU rDNA analysis placed M. micropterii in a sister group with Henneguya lobosa and Myxobolus oliveirai. The highest prevalence of M. branchiarum was observed in the gills of bass collected from the Cowpasture River (50.9%). Prevalence was 44.6% in bass from the Potomac River and only 4.3% in bass collected from the Shenandoah River. A seasonal study of M. branchiarum, which included both infected and uninfected smallmouth bass, determined that a significantly higher intensity was observed in the spring than in the summer (P < 0.001) or fall (P  =  0.004). In an analysis excluding uninfected bass, a higher intensity was observed in the spring than in the summer (P  =  0.001) or fall (P  =  0.008). Prevalence and seasonal differences were not determined for M. micropterii.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","publisherLocation":"http://amsocparasit.org/","doi":"10.1645/GE-2918.1","usgsCitation":"Walsh, H.L., Iwanowicz, L., Glenney, G.W., Iwanowicz, D., and Blazer, V., 2012, Description of two new gill myxozoans from smallmouth (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Journal of Parasitology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2918.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","ipdsId":"IP-030352","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268752,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2918.1"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513721f7e4b02ab8869bffc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenney, Gavin W.","contributorId":42108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenney","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D.","contributorId":33599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043291,"text":"70043291 - 2012 - Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T08:49:48","indexId":"70043291","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements","docAbstract":"Terrestrial plant biomass is a key biophysical parameter required for understanding ecological systems in Alaska. An accurate estimation of biomass at a regional scale provides an important data input for ecological modeling in this region. In this study, we created an aboveground biomass (AGB) map at 30-m resolution for the Yukon Flats ecoregion of interior Alaska using Landsat data and field measurements. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous AGB data in both live and dead forms were collected in summers and autumns of 2009 and 2010. Using the Landsat-derived spectral variables and the field AGB data, we generated a regression model and applied this model to map AGB for the ecoregion. A 3-fold cross-validation indicated that the AGB estimates had a mean absolute error of 21.8 Mg/ha and a mean bias error of 5.2 Mg/ha. Additionally, we validated the mapping results using an airborne lidar dataset acquired for a portion of the ecoregion. We found a significant relationship between the lidar-derived canopy height and the Landsat-derived AGB (R2 = 0.40). The AGB map showed that 90% of the ecoregion had AGB values ranging from 10 Mg/ha to 134 Mg/ha. Vegetation types and fires were the primary factors controlling the spatial AGB patterns in this ecoregion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., Nossov, D.R., Peterson, B.E., Waldrop, M.P., McFarland, J.W., Rover, J.R., and Hollingsworth, T.N., 2012, Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 18, p. 451-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"461","ipdsId":"IP-028810","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272196,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd57f6e4b0b290850f7cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nossov, Dana R.","contributorId":75833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nossov","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit E. 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":3599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McFarland, Jack W. 0000-0001-9672-8597 jmcfarland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-8597","contributorId":5238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Jack","email":"jmcfarland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer R. 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hollingsworth, Teresa N.","contributorId":19016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043908,"text":"70043908 - 2012 - Drought drove forest decline and dune building in eastern upper Michigan, USA, as the upper Great Lakes became closed basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T15:12:05","indexId":"70043908","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought drove forest decline and dune building in eastern upper Michigan, USA, as the upper Great Lakes became closed basins","docAbstract":"Current models of landscape response to Holocene climate change in midcontinent North America largely reconcile Earth orbital and atmospheric climate forcing with pollen-based forest histories on the east and eolian chronologies in Great Plains grasslands on the west. However, thousands of sand dunes spread across 12,000 km2 in eastern upper Michigan (EUM), more than 500 km east of the present forest-prairie ecotone, present a challenge to such models. We use 65 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages on quartz sand deposited in silt caps (n = 8) and dunes (n = 57) to document eolian activity in EUM. Dune building was widespread ca. 10–8 ka, indicating a sharp, sustained decline in forest cover during that period. This decline was roughly coincident with hydrologic closure of the upper Great Lakes, but temporally inconsistent with most pollen-based models that imply canopy closure throughout the Holocene. Early Holocene forest openings are rarely recognized in pollen sums from EUM because faint signatures of non-arboreal pollen are largely obscured by abundant and highly mobile pine pollen. Early Holocene spikes in nonarboreal pollen are recorded in cores from small ponds, but suggest only a modest extent of forest openings. OSL dating of dune emplacement provides a direct, spatially explicit archive of greatly diminished forest cover during a very dry climate in eastern midcontinent North America ca. 10–8 ka.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/G32937.1","usgsCitation":"Loope, W.L., Loope, H.M., Goble, R.J., Fisher, T.G., Lytle, D.E., Legg, R.J., Wysocki, D., Hanson, P.R., and Young, A., 2012, Drought drove forest decline and dune building in eastern upper Michigan, USA, as the upper Great Lakes became closed basins: Geology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 315-318, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32937.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"318","ipdsId":"IP-028146","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271773,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32937.1"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 177.1,5.6 ], [ 177.1,85.4 ], [ -4.0,85.4 ], [ -4.0,5.6 ], [ 177.1,5.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838ae8e4b0a21483941a9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, Henry M.","contributorId":79381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goble, Ronald J.","contributorId":61319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":45659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lytle, David E. dlytle@usgs.gov","contributorId":343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lytle","given":"David","email":"dlytle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Legg, Robert J.","contributorId":30527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wysocki, Douglas A.","contributorId":61320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wysocki","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanson, Paul R.","contributorId":35214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Young, Aaron R.","contributorId":12353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Aaron R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}