{"pageNumber":"1571","pageRowStart":"39250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":70012295,"text":"70012295 - 1979 - Random crustal magnetization and its effect on coherence of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:42:08.405048","indexId":"70012295","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Random crustal magnetization and its effect on coherence of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"Recent studies of DSDP samples from layer 2A of oceanic basement have found complex magnetic stratigraphies that seem incompatible with the frequent existence of linear short-wavelength anomalies caused by palaeomagnetic field behavior. Statistical models are developed for the lateral variation of the average magnetization of layer 2A: a Poisson series for reversals of the earth's field and a stairstep random series for discrete magnetic units. It is shown with the power-density spectra of these statistical models that lateral inhomogeneities must average out over distances of less than a few hundred meters. Specifically, individual magnetic units of the type seen at DSDP Site 332 cannot extend uniformly for distances greater than a few hundred meters.
In this study the tectonic stress along active crustal fault zones is taken to be of the form ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0001.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umu6MIzikkO5ymj%0ANDlW1G0%2F%2BQ%3D%3D\")
, where ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0002.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuiedpqT79PPhK%0AOsNB85uCWA%3D%3D\")
is the average tectonic stress at depth y and Δσp(x, y) is a seismologically observable, essentially random function of both fault plane coordinates; the stress differences arising in the course of crustal faulting are derived from Δσp(x, y). Empirically known frequency of occurrence statistics, moment-magnitude relationships, and the constancy of earthquake stress drops may be used to infer that the number of earthquakes N of dimension ≥r is of the form N ∼ 1/r2 and that the spectral composition of Δσp(x, y) is of the form ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0003.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umusANOiMJ6380O%0AqOQppeWKzQ%3D%3D\")
, where ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0004.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuGlAzWdjz2K3Q%0AG1y6nb%2F%2FjA%3D%3D\")
is the two-dimensional Fourier transform of Δσp(x, y) expressed in radial wave number k. The γ = 2 model of the far-field shear wave displacement spectrum is consistent with the spectral composition ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0005.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umunzw%2FWHTH5Y0K%0AFHvdyv0N%2Fw%3D%3D\")
, provided that the number of contributions to the spectral representation of the radiated field at frequency ƒ goes as (k/k0)2, consistent with the quasi-static frequency of occurrence relation N ∼ 1/r2;k0 is a reference wave number associated with the reciprocal source dimension. Separately, a variety of seismologic observations suggests that the γ = 2 model is the one generally, although certainly not always, applicable to the high-frequency spectral decay of the far-field radiation of earthquakes. In this framework, then, b values near 1, the general validity of the γ = 2 model, and the constancy of earthquake stress drops independent of size are all related to the average spectral composition of![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0006.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuaobXgGTYfS%2Fs%0AAwMugfb30g%3D%3D\")
. Should one of these change as a result of premonitory effects leading to failure, as has been specifically proposed for b values, it seems likely that one or all of the other characteristics will change as well from their normative values. Irrespective of these associations, the far-field, high-frequency shear radiation for the γ = 2 model in the presence of anelastic attenuation may be interpreted as band-limited, finite duration white noise in acceleration. Its rms value, arms, is given by the expression arms = 0.85[21/2(2π)2/106] (Δσ/ρR)(ƒmax/ƒ0)1/2, where Δσ is the earthquake stress drop, ρ is density, R is hypocentral distance, ƒ0 is the spectral corner frequency, and ƒmax is determined by R and specific attenuation 1/Q. For several reasons, one of which is that it may be estimated in the absence of empirically defined ground motion correlations, arms holds considerable promise as a measure of high-frequency strong ground motion for engineering purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02235","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., 1979, b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2235-2242, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02235.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2235","endPage":"2242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02235"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef79e4b0c8380cd4a26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169258,"text":"70169258 - 1979 - The Parkfield prediction experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:51:08","indexId":"70169258","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Parkfield prediction experiment","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault is part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American crustal plates. In California, movements of about 3 centimeters per year are currently taking place along the fault, although plat tectonic models suggest a faster rate of 5 cm/yr may be the average over a longer period of time and a broader area.
\nThere are two distinct ways in which movement on the San Andreas occurs. Along most of the fault, slip occurs during infrequent great earthquakes. Examples of these in historic time are the 1857 Fort Tejon and the 1906 San Francisco events. Along these portions of the fault, it appears that, during most of the intervening period between great earthquakes, no slip and few microearthquakes occurred. Strain appears to accumulate at shallow depths in a narrow (50 kilometer) zone adjacent to the fault.
\nAlong a 200-km stretch in central California, however, continuous slip occurs with no observable accumulation of strain. Although there is a high level of microseismicity here, earthquakes larger than magnitude (M) 6 are unknown, and most of the slip occurs aseismically. (Several articles in the Earthquake Information Bulletin in 1978 have covered this topic.)
\nAt the northern end of this creeping zone, the microseismicity and the slip gradually taper to zero over a distance of about 100 km. This segment is the site of frequent earthquakes (every 5-10 years) having magnitudes of 5.5 and less. At the southern end, near the town of Parkfield, the transition occurs in about 40km. This zone is the site of recurring earthquakes of about magnitude 6.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A., Evans, P., Harsh, P., and Buhr, G., 1979, The Parkfield prediction experiment: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 209-213.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.39779663085936,\n 35.94966229235088\n ],\n [\n -120.51109313964844,\n 35.884043325566886\n ],\n [\n -120.29685974121094,\n 35.70916520463913\n ],\n [\n -120.19180297851561,\n 35.78384180056804\n ],\n [\n -120.39779663085936,\n 35.94966229235088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be52e4b0f59b85e02f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, A.","contributorId":41591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, P.","contributorId":167755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harsh, P.","contributorId":59175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhr, G.","contributorId":167756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhr","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2000109,"text":"2000109 - 1979 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T14:30:38","indexId":"2000109","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined--Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine systems each have two subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine system has four subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no subsystem.Within the subsystems, classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same classes may appear under one or more of the systems or subsystems. Six classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrate as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrate as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The dominance type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; dominance types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the classes or subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four water regime modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, six regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of water chemistry modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance types and relationships of plant and animal co","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1979, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 103 p.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11908,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Classification-of-Wetlands-and-Deepwater-Habitats-of-the-United-States.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012411,"text":"70012411 - 1979 - Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:14:48","indexId":"70012411","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","docAbstract":"Displacement of the land surface by faulting is widespread in the Houston-Galveston region, an area which has undergone moderate to severe land subsidence associated with fluid withdrawal (principally water, and to a lesser extent, oil and gas). A causative link between subsidence and fluid extraction has been convincingly reported in the published literature. However, the degree to which fluid withdrawal affects fault movement in the Texas Gulf Coast, and the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are as yet unclear.
Faults that offset the ground surface are not confined to the large (>6000-km2) subsidence “bowl” centered on Houston, but rather are common and characteristic features of Gulf Coast geology. Current observations and conclusions concerning surface faults mapped in a 35,000-km2 area between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas (which area includes the Houston subsidence bowl) may be summarized as follows:
(1) Hundreds of faults cutting the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments exposed in the coastal plain have been mapped. Many faults lie well outside the Houston-Galveston region; of these, more than 10% are active, as shown by such features as displaced, fractured, and patched road surfaces, structural failure of buildings astride faults, and deformed railroad tracks.
(2) Complex patterns of surface faults are common above salt domes. Both radial patterns (for example, in High Island, Blue Ridge, Clam Lake, and Clinton domes) and crestal grabens (for example, in the South Houston and Friendswood-Webster domes) have been recognized. Elongate grabens connecting several known and suspected salt domes, such as the fault zone connecting Mykawa, Friendswood-Webster, and Clear Lake domes, suggest fault development above rising salt ridges.
(3) Surface faults associated with salt domes tend to be short (<5 km in length), numerous, curved in map view, and of diverse trend. Intersecting faults are common. In contrast, surface faults in areas unaffected by salt diapirism are frequently mappable for appreciable distances (>10 km), occur singly or in simple grabens, have gently sinuous traces, and tend to lie roughly parallel to the ENE-NE “coastwise” trend common to regional growth faults identified in subsurface Tertiary sediments.
(4) Evidence to support the thesis that surface scarps are the shallow expression of faults extending downward into the Tertiary section is mostly indirect, but nonetheless reasonably convincing. Certainly the patterns of crestal grabens and radiating faults mapped on the surface above salt domes are more than happenstance; analogous fault patterns have been documented around these structures at depth. Similarly, some of the long surface faults not associated with salt domes seem to have subsurface counterparts among known regional growth faults documented through well logs and seismic data. Correlations between surface scarps and faults offsetting subsurface data are not conclusive because of the large vertical distances (1900- 3800 m) involved in making the most of the inferred connections. Nevertheless, the large number of successful correlations - in trend, movement sense, and position - suggests that many surface scarps represent merely the most recent displacements on faults formed during the Tertiary.
(5) Upstream-facing fault scarps in this region of low relief can be significant impediments to streams. Locally, both abandoned, mud-filled Pleistocene distributary channels and, more commonly, Holocene drainage lines still occupied by perennial streams reflect the influence of faulting on their development. Some bend sharply near faults and have tended to flow along or pond against the base of scarps; others meander within topographically expressed grabens. Such evidence for Quaternary displacement of the ground surface is widespread in the Texas Gulf coast. In the general, however, streams in areas now offset by faulting show no disruption of their courses where they cross fault scarps. Such scarps are probably very young, and where they can be demonstrated to partly or wholly predate fluid withdrawal, very recent natural fault activity is indicated.
(6) Early aerial photographs (1930) of the entire region and topographic maps (1915-16 surveys) of Harris County (Houston and vicinity) show that many faults had already displaced the land surface at a time when appreciable pressure declines in subjacent strata were localized to relatively few areas of large-scale pumping. Prehistoric faulting of the land surface, as noted above, appears to have affected much of the Texas Gulf Coast.
(7) A relation between groundwater extraction and current motion on active faults is suspected because of the increased incidence of ground failure in the Houston-Galveston subsidence bowl. This argument is weakened somewhat by recognition of numerous surface faults, some of them active today, far beyond the periphery of the strongly subsiding area. Moreover, tilt beam records from two monitored faults in northwest Houston and accounts of fault damage from local residents demonstrate a complex, episodic nature of fault creep which can only partially be correlated with groundwater production. Nevertheless, although specific mechanisms are in doubt, the extraction of groundwater from shallow (<800-m) sands is probably a major factor in contributing to current displacement of the ground surface in the Houston-Galveston region. Within this large area, the number of faults recognizable from aerial photographs has increased at least tenfold between 1930 and 1970. Elsewhere in the Texas Gulf Coast only a moderate increase has been noted, some of which is possibly attributable to oil and gas production. Surface fault density in the Houston-Galveston region is far greater than in any other area of the Texas Gulf Coast investigated to date. A plausible explanation for these differences is that large overdrafts of groundwater over an extended period of time in the Houston-Galveston region have stimulated fault activity there. Throughout the Texas Gulf Coast, however, a natural contribution to fault motion remains a distinct possibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Verbeek, E.R., 1979, Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 373-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -98.646240234375,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 28.168875180063345\n ],\n [\n -93.61450195312499,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 32.045332838858506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9face4b08c986b31e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verbeek, Earl R.","contributorId":64222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbeek","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012304,"text":"70012304 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7126,"text":"ofr791187 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","indexId":"ofr791187","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70012304,"text":"70012304 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","indexId":"70012304","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T11:21:51","indexId":"70012304","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","docAbstract":"A zircon study has been made on eleven samples of igneous rocks from the Saudi Arabian Craton. Ages of sized and magnetic fractions of zircon concentrates show variable degrees of discordance which seem to result from a very young disturbance that produces linear arrays in the Concordia plot. Model age calculations based on a statistically and geologically reasonable lower intercept produce very consistent internal relationships. The Pan African Orogeny, considered to be responsible for loss of radiogenic argon and strontium from minerals of many rocks, does not appear to have affected the zircon data, even though uplift had exposed the rocks of the Arabian Shield at that time. Tonalite, granodiorite, and crosscutting leucoadamellite bodies in the southern part of the An Nimas Bathylith yield ages in the time range 820-760 Ma. A narrow time range of 660 to 665 million years was indicated for ages of widely separated and compositionally different intrusive bodies all to the east of the An Nimas Bathylith. This work suggests that the younger end of the age spectrum established from regional K-Ar and Rb-Sr measurements may be underestimated, and that magmatic activity could be more episodic than previously assumed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01164527","issn":"00107990","usgsCitation":"Cooper, J., Stacey, J.S., Stoeser, D., and Fleck, R., 1979, An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 429-439, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164527.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164527"},{"id":221815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arabian Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.53,11.8 ], [ 34.53,32.15 ], [ 60.3,32.15 ], [ 60.3,11.8 ], [ 34.53,11.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5be4b0c8380cd487e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, J.A.","contributorId":57005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeser, D.G.","contributorId":86108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011709,"text":"70011709 - 1979 - Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:44:20.298047","indexId":"70011709","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac50050a033","usgsCitation":"Bonelli, J.E., Taylor, H.E., and Skogerboe, R.K., 1979, Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode: Analytical Chemistry, v. 51, no. 14, p. 2412-2413, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50050a033.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2412","endPage":"2413","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cafe4b0c8380cd6fe8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonelli, J. E.","contributorId":35064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonelli","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, H. E.","contributorId":208305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skogerboe, R. K","contributorId":189803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skogerboe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012635,"text":"70012635 - 1979 - A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:23:16","indexId":"70012635","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2911,"text":"Nuclear Tracks","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method","docAbstract":"A first-order approximation formula for the propagation of error in the fission track age equation is given by PA = C[P2s+P2i+P2??-2rPsPi] 1 2, where PA, Ps, Pi and P?? are the percentage error of age, of spontaneous track density, of induced track density, and of neutron dose, respectively, and C is a constant. The correlation, r, between spontaneous are induced track densities is a crucial element in the error analysis, acting generally to improve the standard error of age. In addition, the correlation parameter r is instrumental is specifying the level of neutron dose, a controlled variable, which will minimize the standard error of age. The results from the approximation equation agree closely with the results from an independent statistical model for the propagation of errors in the fission-track dating method. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-278X(79)90001-5","issn":"0191278X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N., McGee, V., and Naeser, C.W., 1979, A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method: Nuclear Tracks, v. 3, no. 3, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-278X(79)90001-5.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268874,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-278X(79)90001-5"},{"id":222733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e7e4b0c8380cd469f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, N.M.","contributorId":105429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGee, V.E.","contributorId":36295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012455,"text":"70012455 - 1979 - Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:13:19","indexId":"70012455","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems","docAbstract":"As a result of recent advances by carbonate petrologists and geochemists, hydrologists are provided with new insights into the origin and explanation of many aquifer characteristics and hydrologic phenomena. Some major advances include the recognition that: (1) most carbonate sediments are of biological origin; (2) they have a strong bimodal size-distribution; and (3) they originate in warm shallow seas. Although near-surface ocean water is oversaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, dolomite and magnesite, the magnesium-hydration barrier effectively prevents either the organic or inorganic formation of dolomite and magnesite. Therefore, calcareous plants and animals produce only calcite and aragonite in hard parts of their bodies. Most carbonate aquifers that are composed of sand-size material have a high initial porosity; the sand grains that formed these aquifers originated primarily as small shells, broken shell fragments of larger invertebrates, or as chemically precipitated oolites. Carbonate rocks that originated as fine-grained muds were initially composed primarily of aragonite needles precipitated by algae and have extremely low permeability that requires fracturing and dissolution to develop into aquifers. Upon first emergence, most sand beds and reefs are good aquifers; on the other hand, the clay-sized carbonate material initially has high porosity but low permeability, a poor aquifer property. Without early fracture development in response to influences of tectonic activity these calcilutites would not begin to develop into aquifers. As a result of selective dissolution, inversion of the metastable aragonite to calcite, and recrystallization, the porosity is collected into larger void spaces, which may not change the overall porosity, but greatly increases permeability. Another major process which redistributes porosity and permeability in carbonates is dolomitization, which occurs in a variety of environments. These environments include back-reefs, where reflux dolomites may form, highly alkaline, on-shore and continental lakes, and sabkha flats; these dolomites are typically associated with evaporite minerals. However, these processes cannot account for most of the regionally extensive dolomites in the geologic record. A major environment of regional dolomitization is in the mixing zone (zone of dispersion) where profound changes in mineralogy and redistribution of porosity and permeability occur from the time of early emergence and continuing through the time when the rocks are well-developed aquifers. The reactions and processes, in response to mixing waters of differing chemical composition, include dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals in addition to dolomitization. An important control on permeability distribution in a mature aquifer system is the solution of dolomite with concomitant precipitation of calcite in response to gypsum dissolution (dedolomitization). Predictive models developed by mass-transfer calculations demonstrate the controlling reactions in aquifer systems through the constraints of mass balance and chemical equilibrium. An understanding of the origin, chemistry, mineralogy and environments of deposition and accumulation of carbonate minerals together with a comprehension of diagenetic processes that convert the sediments to rocks and geochemical, tectonic and hydrologic phenomena that create voids are important to hydrologists. With this knowledge, hydrologists are better able to predict porosity and permeability distribution in order to manage efficiently a carbonate-aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70022-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., and Back, W., 1979, Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 287-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70022-X.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"287","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c10e4b0c8380cd699a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012500,"text":"70012500 - 1979 - Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012500","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California","docAbstract":"Temperatures of aquifers feeding thermal springs and wells in Long Valley, California, estimated using silica and Na-K-Ca geothermometers and warm spring mixing models, range from 160/dg to about 220??C. This information was used to construct a diagram showing enthalpy-chloride relations for the various thermal waters in the Long Valley region. The enthalpy-chloride information suggests that a 282 ?? 10??C aquifer with water containing about 375 mg chloride per kilogram of water is present somewhere deep in the system. That deep water would be related to ??? 220??C Casa Diablo water by mixing with cold water, and to Hot Creek water by first boiling with steam loss and then mixing with cold water. Oxygen and deuterium isotopic data are consistent with that interpretation. An aquifer at 282??C with 375 mg/kg chloride implies a convective heat flow in Long Valley of 6.6 ?? 107 cal/s. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., Sorey, M., Mariner, R.H., and Truesdell, A., 1979, Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 17-34.","startPage":"17","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f547e4b0c8380cd4c150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011710,"text":"70011710 - 1979 - Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:26:24","indexId":"70011710","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","docAbstract":"The space-time tradeoff of hydrologic data collection (the ability to substitute spatial coverage for temporal extension of records or vice versa) is controlled jointly by the statistical properties of the phenomena that are being measured and by the model that is used to meld the information sources. The control exerted on the space-time tradeoff by the model and its accompanying errors has seldom been studied explicitly. The technique, known as Network Analyses for Regional Information (NARI), permits such a study of the regional regression model that is used to relate streamflow parameters to the physical and climatic characteristics of the drainage basin.
The NARI technique shows that model improvement is a viable and sometimes necessary means of improving regional data collection systems. Model improvement provides an immediate increase in the accuracy of regional parameter estimation and also increases the information potential of future data collection. Model improvement, which can only be measured in a statistical sense, cannot be quantitatively estimated prior to its achievement; thus an attempt to upgrade a particular model entails a certain degree of risk on the part of the hydrologist.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01797","usgsCitation":"Moss, M.E., 1979, Space, time, and the third dimension (model error): Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1797-1800, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01797.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1800","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b940ae4b08c986b31a819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001423,"text":"1001423 - 1979 - Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T12:42:32","indexId":"1001423","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative","docAbstract":"Mayfield's method for calculating the success of a group of nests is examined in detail. The standard error of his estimator is developed. Mayfield's assumption that destroyed nests are at risk until the midpoint of the interval between visits leads to bias if nests are visited infrequently. A remedy is suggested, the Mayfield-40% method. I also present a competing model, which recognizes that the actual destruction date of a failed nest is unknown. Estimated daily mortality rates and standard errors are developed under this model. A comparison of the original Mayfield method, the Mayfield-40% method, and the new method, which incorporates an unknown date of destruction, shows that the original or modified Mayfield method performs nearly as well as the more appropriate method and requires far easier calculations. A technique for statistically comparing daily mortality rates is offered; the one proposed by Dow (1978) is claimed to be misleading. Finally, I give a method for detecting heterogeneity among nests and an improved estimator, if it is found.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1979, Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 651-661.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085651"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64869e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012546,"text":"70012546 - 1979 - Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:52:36.865206","indexId":"70012546","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"A computer program, SWAMP, was designed to simulate the effects of flood frequency and depth to water table on southern wetlands forest vegetation dynamics. By incorporating these hydrologic characteristics into the model, forest vegetation and vegetation dynamics can be simulated. The model, based on data from the White River National Wildlife Refuge near De Witt, Arkansas, “grows” individual trees on a 20 x 20-m plot taking into account effects on the tree growth of flooding, depth to water table, shade tolerance, overtopping and crowding, and probability of death and reproduction. A potential application of the model is illustrated with simulations of tree fruit production following flood-control implementation and lumbering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(79)90038-3","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R.L., 1979, Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics: Ecological Modelling, v. 7, no. 4, p. 257-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(79)90038-3.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90bfe4b08c986b319653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013590,"text":"1013590 - 1979 - The immune response of rainbow trout in a standardized environment: a model for vaccine antigenicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1013590","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1647,"text":"Fish Health News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The immune response of rainbow trout in a standardized environment: a model for vaccine antigenicity tests","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Health News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"352/FH","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Dixon, O., and Roberson, B., 1979, The immune response of rainbow trout in a standardized environment: a model for vaccine antigenicity tests: Fish Health News, v. 8, no. 2, p. iv-v.","productDescription":"p. iv-v","startPage":"iv","endPage":"v","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64d8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, O.L.","contributorId":87499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberson, B.S.","contributorId":103986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012522,"text":"70012522 - 1979 - Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:10:57","indexId":"70012522","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill","docAbstract":"Chemical reactions that occur in landfills are analogous to those reactions that occur in marine sediments. Lateral zonation of C, N, S, O, H, Fe and Mn species in landfills is similar to the vertical zonation of these species in marine sediments and results from the following reaction sequence: (1) oxidation of C, N and S species in the presence of dissolved free oxygen to HCO3-, NO3-and SO42; (2) after consumption of molecular oxygen, then NO3-is reduced, and Fe and Mn are solubilized; (3) SO42-is reduced to sulfide; and (4) organic compounds become the source of oxygen, and CH4 and NH4+are formed as fermentation products. In a landfill in Delaware the oxidation potential increases down-gradient and the redox zones in the reducing plume are characterized by: CH4, NH4+,Fe2+. Mn2+, HCO3-and NO3-. Lack of SO42-at that landfill eliminates the sulfide zone. Although it has not been observed at landfills, mineral alteration should result in precipitation of pyrite and/or siderite downgradient. Controls on the pH of leachate are the relative rates of production of HCO3-, NH4+and CH4. Production of methane by fermentation at landfills results in 13C isotope fractionation and the accumulation of isotopically heavy σ CO2 (+10 to +180/00 PDB). Isotope measurements may be useful to determine the extent of CO2 reduction in landfills and extent of dilution downgradient. The boundaries of reaction zones in stressed aquifers are determined by head distribution and flow velocity. Thus, if the groundwater flow is rapid relative to reaction rates, redox zones will develop downgradient. Where groundwater flow velocities are low the zones will overlap to the extent that they may be indeterminate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70028-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M., and Back, W., 1979, Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 393-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70028-0.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"393","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c97e4b0c8380cd6fde2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035476,"text":"70035476 - 1979 - Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035476","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","docAbstract":"The constitutive relations developed in the companion paper are used to model detailed observations of preseismic slip and the onset of unstable slip in biaxial laboratory experiments. The simulations employ a deterministic plane strain finite element model to represent the interactions both within the sliding blocks and between the blocks and the loading apparatus. Both experiments and simulations show that preseismic slip is controlled by initial inhomogeneity of shear stress along the sliding surface relative to the frictional strength. As a consequence of the inhomogeneity, stable slip begins at a point on the surface and the area of slip slowly expands as the external loading increases. A previously proposed correlation between accelerating rates of stable slip and growth of the area of slip is supported by the simulations. In the simulations and in the experiments, unstable slip occurs shortly after a propagating slip event traverses the sliding surface and breaks out at the ends of the sample. In the model the breakout of stable slip causes a sudden acceleration of slip rates. Because of velocity dependency of the constitutive relationship for friction, the rapid acceleration of slip causes a decrease in frictional strength. Instability occurs when the frictional strength decreases with displacement at a rate that exceeds the intrinsic unloading characteristics of the sample and test machine. A simple slider-spring model that does not consider preseismic slip appears to approximate the transition adequately from stable sliding to unstable slip as a function of normal stress, machine stiffness, and surface roughness for small samples. However, for large samples and for natural faults the simulations suggest that the simple model may be inaccurate because it does not take into account potentially large preseismic displacements that will alter the friction parameters prior to instability. Copyright ?? 1979 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02169","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip, in Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2169-2175, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169.","startPage":"2169","endPage":"2175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480608,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb084ib05p02169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169"},{"id":242915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c17e4b0c8380cd6fa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001686,"text":"1001686 - 1979 - Mathematics and mallard management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:27:31","indexId":"1001686","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematics and mallard management","docAbstract":"Waterfowl managers can effectively use simple population models to aid in making management decisions. We present a basic model of the change in population size as related to survival and recruitment. A management technique designed to increase survival of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) by limiting harvest on the Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota, is used to illustrate the application of models in decision making. The analysis suggests that the management technique would be of limited effectiveness. In a 2nd example, the change in mallard population in central North Dakota is related to implementing programs to create dense nesting cover with or without supplementary predator control. The analysis suggests that large tracts of land would be required to achieve a hypothetical management objective of increasing harvest by 50% while maintaining a stable population. Less land would be required if predator reduction were used in combination with cover management, but questions about effectiveness and ecological implications of large scale predator reduction remain unresolved. The use of models as a guide to planning research responsive to the needs of management is illustrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800632","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., and Johnson, D.H., 1979, Mathematics and mallard management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 43, no. 1, p. 18-35, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800632.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285181,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3800632"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196004,"text":"70196004 - 1978 - Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:48:38","indexId":"70196004","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes","docAbstract":"Numerical simulation of three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes shows that the continuity of the boundary encompassing the local groundwater flow system associated with a lake is the key to understanding the interaction of a lake with the groundwater system. The continuity of the boundary can be determined by the presence of a stagnation zone coinciding with the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system. For most settings modeled in this study the stagnation zone underlies the lakeshore, and it generally follows its curvature. The length of the stagnation zone is controlled by the geometry of the lake's drainage basin divide on the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system. In the case of lakes that lose water to the groundwater system, three-dimensional modeling also allows for estimating the area of lake bed through which outseepage takes place. Analysis of the effects of size and lateral and vertical distribution of aquifers within the groundwater system on the outseepage from lakes shows that the position of the center point of the aquifer relative to the littoral zone on the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system is a critical factor. If the center point is downslope from this part of the littoral zone, the local flow system boundary tends to be weak or outseepage occurs. If the center point is upslope from this littoral zone, the stagnation zone tends to be stronger (to have a higher head in relation to lake level), and outseepage is unlikely to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR014i002p00245","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1978, Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes: Water Resources Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR014i002p00245.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4d62e4b0da30c1bfdc22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047582,"text":"70047582 - 1978 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8823,"text":"ofr77136 - 1977 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"ofr77136","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047582,"text":"70047582 - 1978 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"70047582","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:48:58.755919","indexId":"70047582","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:27:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"Three seismic reflectors are present throughout the lower Cook Inlet basin and can be correlated with onshore geologic features. The reflections come from unconformities at the base of the Tertiary sequence, at the base of Upper Cretaceous rocks, and near the base of Upper Jurassic strata.
A contour map of the deepest horizon shows that Mesozoic rocks are formed into a northeast-trending syncline. Along the southeast flank of the basin, the northwest-dipping Mesozoic rocks are truncated at the base of Tertiary rocks.
The Augustine-Seldovia arch trends across the basin axis between Augustine Island and Seldovia. Tertiary rocks thin onto the arch from the north and south. Numerous anticlines, smaller in structural relief and breadth than the Augustine-Seldovia arch, trend northeast parallel with the basin, and intersect the arch at oblique angles.
The stratigraphic record shows four cycles of sedimentation and tectonism that are bounded by three regional unconformities in lower Cook Inlet and by four thrust faults and the modern Benioff zone in flysch rocks of the Kenai Peninsula and the Gulf of Alaska. The four cycles of sedimentation are, from oldest to youngest, the early Mesozoic, late Mesozoic, early Cenozoic, and late Cenozoic.
Data on organic geochemistry of the rocks from one well suggest that Middle Jurassic strata may be a source of hydrocarbons. Seismic data show that structural traps are formed by northeast-trending anticlines and by structures formed at the intersections of these anticlines with the transbasin arch. Stratigraphic traps may be formed beneath the unconformity at the base of Tertiary strata and beneath unconformities within Mesozoic strata.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/C1EA4851-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., and Magoon, L.B., 1978, Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, no. 3, p. 373-402, https://doi.org/10.1306/C1EA4851-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.5,58.0 ], [ -154.5,60.0 ], [ -151.5,60.0 ], [ -151.5,58.0 ], [ -154.5,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03ebe4b0026c2bc11b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046167,"text":"70046167 - 1978 - Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48332,"text":"ofr77678 - 1977 - Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","indexId":"ofr77678","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Morphology of chasma walls, Mars"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046167,"text":"70046167 - 1978 - Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","indexId":"70046167","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Morphology of chasma walls, Mars"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T09:54:15","indexId":"70046167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","docAbstract":"The landforms developed on the walls of the Valles Marineris system of chasmas are of three major types, which are locally transitional. The most common type is composed of steep spurs and gullies. The dominant process in the formation or modification of this type appears to be the downslope movement of. material under the influence of gravity, resulting in the accumulation of extensive talus deposits. The type is morphologically similar to high, steep terrestrial scarps in desert or alpine environments. The second morphologic type consists of walls dissected by tributary canyons with characteristic V-shaped cross profiles and blunt canyon heads that locally contain lobate deposits. The tributary canyons may be relict features of the time, when the existence of running water was possible on the surface of Mars. The third morphologic type consists of landslide scars forming broad curved or straight recessed sections of chasma wall. This type is accompanied by landslide deposits that form hummocky floors at the base of the recessed sections. The landslides developed at the expense of other wall morphologies. Chains of rimless depressions and craters that parallel the main structural trends of the chasmas are best interpreted as collapse holes. The origin of the chasmas on Mars is conjectural and may have been structural (grabens), but, on the basis of morphologic studies of their walls, it is suggested that most of the present wall configuration is the result of erosional scarp retreat, where erosion follows preestablished structural planes of weakness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1978, Morphology of chasma walls, Mars: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 651-662.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272961,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a7236ae4b09db86f875d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038340,"text":"70038340 - 1978 - Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T15:17:28","indexId":"70038340","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:04:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"27","title":"Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin","docAbstract":"The Quinnipiac River basin area in southcentral Connecticut covers 363 square miles, and includes all drainage basins that enter Long Island Sound from the Branford to the Wepawaug Rivers. Its population in 1970 was estimated at 535,000. Precipitation averages 47 inches per year and provides an abundant supply of water. Twenty-one inches returns to the atmosphere as evapotranspiration; the remainder flows directly to streams or percolates to the water table and discharges to Long Island Sound. Small amounts of water are exported from the basin by the New Britain Water Department, and small amounts are imported to the basin by the New Haven Water Company.
\n
\nThe amount of water that can be developed at a given place depends upon precipitation, variability of streamflow, hydraulic properties and areal extent of the aquifers, and hydraulic connection between the aquifers and major streams. The quality of the water is determined by the physical environment and the effects of man.
\n
\nStratified drift is the only aquifer capable of large sustained yields of water to individual wells. Yields of 64 screened wells tapping stratified drift range from 17 to 2,000 gpm (gallons per minute); their median yield is 500 gpm.
\n
\nTill is widespread and generally provides only small amounts of water. Wells in till normally yield only a few hundred gallons of water daily and commonly are inadequate during dry periods. Till is generally used only as an emergency or secondary source of water.
\n
\nBedrock aquifers underlie the entire report area and include sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock types. These aquifers supply small but reliable quantities of water to wells throughout the basin and are the chief source for many nonurban homes and farms. About 90 percent of the wells tapping bedrock yield at least 2 pgm, and much larger yields are occasionally reported. Maximum well yields of 305 gpm for sedimentary, 75 gpm for igneous, and 200 gpm for metamorphic bedrock have been reported.
\n
\nWater potentially available from stratified drift was estimated on the basis of hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and evaluation of natural and induced recharge. Long-term yields estimated for 14 favorable areas of stratified drift range from 0.8 to 16.1 mgd (million gallons per day), but detailed verification studies are needed before development.
\n
\nThe natural quality of water in the report area is good. The water is generally low in dissolved solid and is soft to moderately hard. Surface water is less mineralized than ground water, especially during high flow when it is primarily surface runoff. A median dissolved-solids concentration of 117 mg/l (milligrams per liter) and a median hardness of 58 mg/l was determined for water samples collected at 20 sites on 16 streams during high flow. A median dissolved-solids concentration of 146 mg/l and a median hardness of 82 mg/l was determined for samples collected at the same sites during low flow. In contrast water from 130 wells had a median dissolved-solids concentration of 188 mg/l and a median hardness of 110 mg/l.
\n
\nIron and manganese occur in objectionable concentrations in parts of the report area, particularly in water from streams draining swamps and in water from aquifers rich in iron- and manganese-bearing minerals. Concentrations of iron in excess of 0.3 mg/l were found in 40 percent of the high-streamflow samples, 59 percent of the low-streamflow samples and 20 percent of the ground-water samples.
\n
\nHuman activities have modified the quality of water in much of the basin. Wide and erratic fluctuations in concentration of dissolved solids in streams, high bacterial content of the Quinnipiac River, and locally high nitrate and chloride concentrations in ground water are evidence of man's influence. Streams, wetlands, and some aquifers along the southern boundary of the basin contain salty water. Overpumping has caused extensive saltwater intrusion in aquifers in the southern and eastern parts of New Haven.
\n
\nThe total amount of fresh water used in the area during 1970 is estimated at 35,710 million gallons, or 183 gallons per day per capita. Public water-supply systems met the domestic requirements of about 90 percent of the population; all the systems supplied water that met the drinking water standards of the Connecticut Department of Health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Connecituct Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mazzaferro, D.L., Handman, E.H., and Thomas, M.P., 1978, Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 27, Report: v, 86 p.; 5 Plates: 31.07 x 54.28 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: v, 86 p.; 5 Plates: 31.07 x 54.28 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"96","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0027/report.pdf","size":"33897","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286041,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-c.pdf"},{"id":286042,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-d.pdf"},{"id":286043,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-e.pdf"},{"id":286039,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-a.pdf"},{"id":286040,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-b.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Quinnipiac River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.083333,41.183333 ], [ -73.083333,41.708333 ], [ -72.683333,41.708333 ], [ -72.683333,41.183333 ], [ -73.083333,41.183333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb7ee4b08c986b32d69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzaferro, David L.","contributorId":89539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzaferro","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handman, Elinor H.","contributorId":31748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handman","given":"Elinor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Mendall P.","contributorId":104314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mendall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000730,"text":"70000730 - 1978 - Workshop on Deposit Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000730","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Workshop on Deposit Modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02461982","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., Botbol, J., Eckstrand, O., Gaal, G., Maignan, M., Pantazis, T., and Sinding-Larsen, R., 1978, Workshop on Deposit Modeling: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 10, no. 5, p. 519-531, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461982.","startPage":"519","endPage":"531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461982"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, M.V.","contributorId":28719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, J.M.","contributorId":46944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckstrand, O.R.","contributorId":33433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckstrand","given":"O.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaal, G.","contributorId":28720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaal","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maignan, M.","contributorId":90439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maignan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pantazis, Th.","contributorId":19676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantazis","given":"Th.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sinding-Larsen, R.","contributorId":102986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinding-Larsen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5221156,"text":"5221156 - 1978 - Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:39:30.734114","indexId":"5221156","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites","docAbstract":"Howling sessions were monitored at two Minnesota wolf pack homesites for 2255 h between 29 April and 3 August 1973. All sessions recorded occurred from dusk through early morning, with an evening peak for one pack. Within a night, multiple sessions were grouped temporally, most occurring within an hour of one another. Howling rates for both packs increased throughout the homesite season, with the larger pack howling twice as frequently. The role of howling in both intrapack and interpack contexts was considered. Much of the howling seemed to be involved in the coordination of pack activities. Further, the low frequency and clumped temporal distribution of sessions suggest that howling plays a secondary role in interpack contexts to other modes such as scent marking during the homesite season, but may increase in relative importance once homesites are abandoned and pack travel becomes nomadic.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z78-272","usgsCitation":"Harrington, F., and Mech, L., 1978, Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 56, no. 9, p. 2024-2028, https://doi.org/10.1139/z78-272.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2028","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, F.H.","contributorId":14524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221415,"text":"5221415 - 1978 - Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T16:42:39.889389","indexId":"5221415","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Mallard ducks fed 2, 20, or 200 ppm cadmium chloride were sacrificed at 30, 60, and 90 d. No mortality occurred during the study and body weights remained unchanged. Kidney weights of the 200-ppm group were significantly greater after 60 and 90 d than those of controls; also, testis weights were significantly lower after 90 d. Kidneys of ducks fed 2 and 20 ppm cadmium were relatively unaffected; however, slight to severe kidney lesions were found in the 200-ppm group after 60 d of treatment. No significant lesions were found in mallard testes after feeding 2 ppm cadmium in the diet, and only a few birds in the 20-ppm group showed slight to moderate gonad alterations. After 90 d of treatment, however, testes of males fed 200 ppm had atrophied and the spermatogenic process had ceased. This study should provide important information for the interpretation of cadmium levels found in kidneys and testes of wild ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287397809529678","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Finley, M.T., and Ferrell, J.F., 1978, Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 4, no. 4, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287397809529678.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6886c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrell, J. F.","contributorId":101355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210150,"text":"5210150 - 1978 - Artificial insemination for breeding non-domestic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5210150","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Artificial insemination for breeding non-domestic birds","docAbstract":"Captive breeding of non-domestic birds has increased dramatically in this century, and production of young often exceeds that of the same number of birds in their native habitat. However, when infertility is a problem, artificial insemination can be a useful method to improve production. Artificial insemination programs with non-domestic birds are relatively recent, but several notable successes have been documented, especially with cranes and raptors. Three methods of artificial insemination are described--cooperative, massage, and electroejaculation. Cooperative artificial insemination requires training of birds imprinted on man and is used extensively in some raptor programs. The massage technique generally is used when there are larger numbers of birds to inseminate since it requires less training of the birds than with the cooperative method, and a larger number of attempted semen collections are successful. Although the best samples are obtained from birds conditioned to capture and handling procedures associated with the massage method, samples can be obtained from wild birds. Semen collection and insemination for the crane serves to illustrate some of the modifications necessary to compensate for anatomical variations. Collection of semen by electrical stimulation is not commonly used in birds. Unlike the other two methods which require behavioral cooperation by the bird, electroejaculation is possible in reproductively active birds without prior conditioning when properly restrained. Fertility from artificial insemination in captive non-domestic-birds has been good. Although some spermatozoal morphology has been reported, most aspects of morphology are not useful in predicting fertility. However, spermatozoal head length in the crane may have a positive correlation with fertility. Nevertheless, insemination with the largest number of live spermatozoa is still the best guarantee of fertile egg production.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Artificial Breeding of Non-Domestic Animals.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"London","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., and Temple, S., 1978, Artificial insemination for breeding non-domestic birds, chap. of Artificial Breeding of Non-Domestic Animals., p. 51-72.","productDescription":"xxi, 376","startPage":"51","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bac","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watson, P.F.","contributorId":113200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506062,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Temple, S.A.","contributorId":100812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temple","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}