In The Geysers-Clear Lake area of northern California, a fragmented Upper Jurassic ophiolite overlain depositionally by the Great Valley sequence is juxtaposed over deformed and metomorphosed rocks of the Franciscan assemblage along the Coast Range thrust. The basal strata of the Great Valley sequence consist of thick breccias of mafic clasts, identical in composition to the upper part of the ophiolite. These breccias and their contact relations suggest that more than 1 km of the upper part of the ophiolite was locally eroded in early Tithonian time. On the basis of their radiolarian faunas, cherts in the Franciscan assemblage below the ophiolite range in age from Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) to Late Cretaceous (early Cenomanian). Of particular significance is an individual chert body (= The Geysers chert) of this age range. The early Cenomanian radiolarians, except for two occurrences associated with pelagic limestone, are significantly younger than those previously reported from the Franciscan assemblage. The existence of a sequence of Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous radiolarian chert places critical constraints on subduction models for emplacement of the Franciscan assemblage beneath the Coast Range ophiolite and Great Valley sequence in The Geysers-Clear Lake area. From early Tithonian to post-early Cenomanian time, the Franciscan assemblage received pelagic sedimentation far from any site of subduction. By other data, blueschist metamorphism of subducted Franciscan strata also occurred during this time. The radiolarian data from The Geysers area permit a correlation with Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestones in the Laytonville area northwest of The Geysers and also imply that the Great Valley sequence was never depositionally in contact with the Franciscan assemblage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., and Pessagno, E., 1978, Significance of age relations above and below upper jurassic ophiolite in the Geysers-Clear Lake region, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 715-726.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Geysers-Clear Lake region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -124.34326171874999,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.16211393939692\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -122.71728515624999,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.04736328125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b7ae4b0403299f53b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pessagno, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":69389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pessagno","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162702,"text":"70162702 - 1978 - Solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media - Part 1, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solubilities to 100°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:09:33","indexId":"70162702","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media - Part 1, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solubilities to 100°C","docAbstract":"A modified visual method for determining the solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media up to 100° C is presented. The solubilities of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 were determined up to 100° C. The tabulated experimental data and the fitted equations describing the data indicate that the previous literature data for the solubility of these salts were generally high by 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent salt.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Potter, R.W., and Clynne, M.A., 1978, Solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media - Part 1, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solubilities to 100°C: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 701-705.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"705","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 BM","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b80e4b0403299f53b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Robert W. II","contributorId":67899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Robert","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162722,"text":"70162722 - 1978 - A reexamination of the Pennsylvanian trace fossil Olivellites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:13:35","indexId":"70162722","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reexamination of the Pennsylvanian trace fossil Olivellites","docAbstract":"The original interpretation of Olivellites plummeri Fenton and Fenton as the trace of an infaunal gastropod, is reconsidered and rejected. The original slab bearing several examples of O. plummeri has been reexamined and reillustrated. The slab came from the type-locality of O. plummeri in Eastland County, Tex., and is a shallow sub tidal sandstone of the Graham Formation; the sandstone, which has yielded additional specimens, is presumably a reworked delta-front deposit. Olivellites was also observed in the Caddo Creek Formation in Stephens County, Tex., but, to date, it has not been found elsewhere in north-central Texas. Interpretation of Paleozoic ichnofossils by analogy with modern traces is limited; behavioral characteristics may be the products of post-Paleozoic innovation. The internal morphology and path of Olivellites are unlike those of any modern gastropod trail, and the genus is removed from the Mollusca.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Yochelson, E.L., and Schindel, D.E., 1978, A reexamination of the Pennsylvanian trace fossil Olivellites: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 789-796.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"796","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Eastland County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.96312713623045,\n 32.32485582675006\n ],\n [\n -98.96312713623045,\n 32.43822086674334\n ],\n [\n -98.8275146484375,\n 32.43822086674334\n ],\n [\n -98.8275146484375,\n 32.32485582675006\n ],\n [\n -98.96312713623045,\n 32.32485582675006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b44e4b0403299f539b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochelson, Ellis L.","contributorId":90802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindel, David E.","contributorId":152692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schindel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162721,"text":"70162721 - 1978 - Upper Devonian radiolarians separated from chert of the Ford Lake Shale, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:02:05","indexId":"70162721","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Devonian radiolarians separated from chert of the Ford Lake Shale, Alaska","docAbstract":"Leaching of black bedded chert from the Ford Lake Shale, Kandik Basin, Alaska, with dilute hydrofluoric acid resulted in the complete separation of moderately well preserved radiolarians. Preliminary study of an assemblage obtained from the lower half of the formation revealed six to eight forms apparently identical to specimens previously known from the Tournaisian of southern France and northwestern Turkey, including four genera not previously described from North America. Sparse, poorly preserved conodonts in the same sample are of Late Devonian age. We conclude that certain radiolarian species, hitherto known only from the early Carboniferous, span the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. The radiolarian assemblage of the Ford Lake Shale sample contrasts markedly with Late Devonian assemblages known from the Canol Shale of northern Canada and the Huron Member of the Ohio Shale; the Ford Lake Shale fauna may reflect greater oceanic influences than these other localities, which lie farther inland from the Devonian continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Holdsworth, B.K., Jones, D.L., and Allison, C., 1978, Upper Devonian radiolarians separated from chert of the Ford Lake Shale, Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 775-788.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ford Lake Shale, Kandik Basin, Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.5,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -141.5,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -141.5,\n 64.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b89e4b0403299f53b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holdsworth, Brian K.","contributorId":75571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holdsworth","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allison, C.","contributorId":89842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162742,"text":"70162742 - 1978 - Application of four input-output models for nutrients in Lake Okeechobee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T13:15:04","indexId":"70162742","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of four input-output models for nutrients in Lake Okeechobee, Florida","docAbstract":"R. A. Vollenweider's (1975) nonconservative model described concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus for 1969-70 in Lake Okeechobee, Fla., better than the models of F. Biffi in 1963, R. H. Rainey in 1967, and R. Piontelli and V. Tonolli in 1964. Vollenweider's model predicted concentrations of 1.4 milligrams per liter of total nitrogen and 0.09 mg/L of total phosphorus in the lake. The concentration of nitrogen could be approximated with conservation models but phosphorus required a nonconservative model. Unless variations in input concentrations and flow rate of the tributaries are modeled, only short-term predictions of lake concentrations can be made because of variations in inflow concentrations and because of the short time required (400 days) for the lake to be flushed by its inflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., 1978, Application of four input-output models for nutrients in Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 821-828.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"828","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 27.171582284054917\n ],\n [\n -80.7769775390625,\n 27.235094607795503\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 27.23753666659069\n ],\n [\n -80.90606689453124,\n 27.144700797119597\n ],\n [\n -80.99395751953125,\n 27.03711021444808\n ],\n [\n -81.10107421874999,\n 27.012643405861162\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 26.963693809276794\n ],\n [\n -81.1175537109375,\n 26.853479438420024\n ],\n [\n -81.046142578125,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -80.86212158203125,\n 26.711266913515747\n ],\n [\n -80.79620361328125,\n 26.66955020082152\n ],\n [\n -80.71105957031249,\n 26.667095801104814\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 26.713720362159552\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 26.792202785452883\n ],\n [\n -80.57098388671874,\n 26.86328062676624\n ],\n [\n -80.55999755859375,\n 26.934313833395052\n ],\n [\n -80.5572509765625,\n 26.983276203452657\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 27.044449217654016\n ],\n [\n -80.61492919921875,\n 27.127591028502078\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 27.171582284054917\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b45e4b0403299f539ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Ronald L.","contributorId":103245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162720,"text":"70162720 - 1978 - Conductive heat flows in research drill holes in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:52:13","indexId":"70162720","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conductive heat flows in research drill holes in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"In convection systems with boiling springs, geysers, fumaroles, and other thermal features, the modes of heat flow become increasingly complex as a single liquid phase at depth rises into the near-surface environment where heat flows by convection of liquid and vapor and by conduction in high thermal gradients. This paper is mainly concerned with the changing patterns of conductive heat flow as related to channels of subsurface convective flow and to horizontal distance from spring vents. The primary data consist of temperatures measured in 13 cored drill holes as drilling progressed. Some temperatures plot convincingly on straight-line segments that suggest conductive gradients in rocks of nearly constant thermal conductivity. Temperature gradients and the conductive component of total heat flow nearly always decrease drastically downward; the gradient and heat flow of the lowest depth interval recognized in each hole is commonly only about 10 percent of the highest interval; the changes in gradient at interval boundaries are commonly interpreted as channels of near-boiling water or of cooler meteoric water. Temperature reversals are probably related to inflowing cooler water rather than to transient effects from recent changes. Some temperatures plot on curved segments that probably indicate dispersed convective upflow and boiling of water in ground penetrated by the drill hole. Other similar curved segments are too low in temperature for local boiling and are probably on the margins of hot upflow zones, reflecting conductive cooling of flowing water. The conifers of Yellowstone National Park (mainly lodgepole pine) seem to have normal growth characteristics where near-surface conductive heat flow is below about 200 heat-flow units (1 HFU = 10-6 cal/cm2 = 41.8 mW/m2). Most areas of abnormal \"stunted\" trees (low ratio of height to base diameter, and low density of spacing) are characterized by conductive heat flows of about 250 to 350 HFU. The critical factor affecting growth is probably the seasonal maximum soil temperature at the root depths preferred by each form, rather than the heat flow as such. Heat flows up to 300 HFU are greatly dominated near the surface by conduction and are little affected by convection within the measured intervals. With increasing total heat flow above 300 HFU, the convection component, as indicated by snowfall calorimetry, becomes increasingly important. Snowfall calorimetry and tree growth as related to heat flow are calibrated by the heat-flow data considered here. Both snowfall calorimetry and tree growth patterns can be extrapolated rapidly, although without high precision, to thermal areas that lack subsurface data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1978, Conductive heat flows in research drill holes in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 765-774.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"774","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.11423838585088\n ],\n [\n -111.00036621093749,\n 45.11423838585088\n ],\n [\n -110.81085205078125,\n 45.10842333769411\n ],\n [\n -110.53619384765625,\n 45.06576154770312\n ],\n [\n -110.32196044921874,\n 45.05606124274415\n ],\n [\n -110.08026123046874,\n 45.03665569548622\n ],\n [\n -109.918212890625,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -109.90447998046875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -109.9017333984375,\n 44.89285004222294\n ],\n [\n -109.90997314453125,\n 44.811070253260006\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -109.81658935546875,\n 44.72136867346628\n ],\n [\n -109.81109619140625,\n 44.678418678188606\n ],\n [\n -109.87701416015624,\n 44.64716230650056\n ],\n [\n -109.984130859375,\n 44.61784415342067\n ],\n [\n -110.06103515625,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -110.137939453125,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -110.10772705078125,\n 44.53371669765759\n ],\n [\n -110.08026123046874,\n 44.52001001133986\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 44.4906276800508\n ],\n [\n -109.97039794921874,\n 44.453388800301774\n ],\n [\n -109.99786376953125,\n 44.44554600843547\n ],\n [\n -110.0445556640625,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -110.06378173828125,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -110.01983642578125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -109.94018554687499,\n 44.1289994645142\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 44.125056482685146\n ],\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.11423838585088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b4be4b0403299f539d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012474,"text":"70012474 - 1978 - The geochemical nature of the Archean Ancient Gneiss Complex and Granodiorite Suite, Swaziland: A preliminary study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:21:16.807811","indexId":"70012474","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical nature of the Archean Ancient Gneiss Complex and Granodiorite Suite, Swaziland: A preliminary study","docAbstract":"The Ancient Gneiss Complex (AGC) of Swaziland, an Archean gray gneiss complex, lies southeast and south of the Barberton greenstone belt and includes the most structurally complex and highly metamorphosed portions of the eastern Kaapvaal craton. The AGC is not precisely dated but apparently is older than 3.4 Ga.
The AGC consists of three major units: (a) a bimodal suite of closely interlayered siliceous, low-K gneisses and metabasalt; (b) homogeneous tonalite gneiss; and (c) interlayered siliceous microcline gneiss, metabasalt, and minor metasedimentary rocks - termed the metamorphite suite. A geologically younger gabbro-diorite-tonalite-trondhjemite suite, the Granodiorite Suite, is spatially associated with the AGC and intrusive into it.
The bimodal suite consists largely of two types of low-K siliceous gneiss: one has SiO2 < 75%, Al2O3 > 14%, low Rb/Sr ratios, and depleted heavy rare earth elements (REE's); the other has SiO2 > 75%, Al2O3 < 13%, high Rb/Sr ratios, and relatively abundant REE's except for negative Eu anomalies. The interlayered metabasalt ranges from komatiitic to tholeiitic compositions. Lenses of quartz monzonitic gneiss of K2O/Na2O close to 1 form a minor part of the bimodal suite. Tonalitic to trondhjemitic migmatite locally is abundant and has major-element abundances similar to those of non-migmatitic varieties.
The siliceous gneisses of the metamorphic suite show low Al2O, K2O/Na2O ratios of about 1, high Rb/Sr ratios, moderate REE abundances and negative Eu anomalies.
K/Rb ratios of siliceous gneisses of the bimodal suite are very low (∼130); of the tonalitic gneiss, low (∼225); of the siliceous gneiss of the metamorphite suite, moderate (∼300); and of the Granodiorite Suite, high (∼400).
Textural-distribution patterns of sea-floor sediments on the South Texas continental shelf between Matagorda Bay and the U.S.-Mexico international boundary were evaluated as part of a regional environmental-studies program. Sediment textural gradients support a conceptual model for the regional sediment-dispersal system, which is characterized by both net offshore transport and net south-trending coastwise transport components on a wind-dominated shelf. Coastwise transport results in the net southward migration of both palimpsest sandy mud composing the ancestral Brazos-Colorado delta flank in the northern sector, and modern mud composing the central sector; these migrating sediments are encroaching southward onto immobile relict muddy sands composing the ancestral Rio Grande delta in the southern sector.
In the proposed model, the suspension transport of modern silt-enriched mud derived mainly from coastal sources is the dominant dispersal mechanism. Net offshore transport is attributed both to diffusion, and to the advective ebb-tide discharge of turbid lagoonal-estuarine waters from coastal inlets. Net southward transport is attributed mainly to advection by seasonally residual coastwise drift currents reflecting a winter-dominated hydraulic regime. Frequent winter storms characterized by relatively high-speed northerly winds that accompany the passage of cold fronts appear to be dominant regional dispersal agents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(78)90064-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Shideler, G.L., 1978, A sediment-dispersal model for the South Texas continental shelf, northwest Gulf of Mexico: Marine Geology, v. 26, no. 3-4, p. 289-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(78)90064-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.30823853261406,\n 28.02493852519791\n ],\n [\n -97.30823853261406,\n 25.22865383447872\n ],\n [\n -96.79586019808089,\n 25.22865383447872\n ],\n [\n -96.79586019808089,\n 28.02493852519791\n ],\n [\n -97.30823853261406,\n 28.02493852519791\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57fe4b0c8380cd46d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shideler, G. L.","contributorId":63393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012556,"text":"70012556 - 1978 - Distribution and character of upper Mesozoic subduction complexes along the west coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-02T16:19:17.039021","indexId":"70012556","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and character of upper Mesozoic subduction complexes along the west coast of North America","docAbstract":"Structurally complex sequences of sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive igneous rocks characterize a nearly continuous narrow band along the Pacific coast of North America from Baja California, Mexico to southern Alaska. They occur in two modes: (1) as complexly folded but coherent sequences of graywacke and argillite that locally exhibit blueschist-grade metamorphism, and (2) as melanges containing large blocks of graywacke, chert, volcanic and plutonic rocks, high-grade schist, and limestone in a highly sheared pelitic, cherty, or sandstone matrix. Fossils from the coherent graywacke sequences range in age from late Jurassic to Eocene; fossils from limestone blocks in the melanges range in age from mid-Paleozoic to middle Cretaceous. Fossils from the matrix surrounding the blocks, however, are of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and rarely, Tertiary age, indicating that fossils from the blocks cannot be used to date the time of formation of the melanges.
Both the deformation of the graywacke, with accompanying blueschist metamorphism, as well as the formation of the melanges, are believed to be the result of late Mesozoic and early Tertiary subduction. The origin of the melanges, particularly the emplacement of exotic tectonic blocks, is not understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(78)90031-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Jones, D.L., Blake, M., Bailey, E.H., and McLaughlin, R.J., 1978, Distribution and character of upper Mesozoic subduction complexes along the west coast of North America: Tectonophysics, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 207-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90031-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific coast of North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.41285894795098,\n 60.39101073090987\n ],\n [\n -139.43492469830107,\n 56.18442278816785\n ],\n [\n -127.41314296806209,\n 47.475629746329844\n ],\n [\n -124.45488000214503,\n 36.374566798936016\n ],\n [\n -110.61276212523683,\n 21.147885276292897\n ],\n [\n -108.04987973063052,\n 22.069396089742753\n ],\n [\n -119.6495023669611,\n 39.75914188879055\n ],\n [\n -122.86602155790652,\n 49.694221938084205\n ],\n [\n -134.69578953504842,\n 60.73706770472893\n ],\n [\n -145.72029861273748,\n 61.97887606686548\n ],\n [\n -154.41285894795098,\n 60.39101073090987\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027ee4b0c8380cd50082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, E. H.","contributorId":44509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012473,"text":"70012473 - 1978 - Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:55:47.548736","indexId":"70012473","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"Landsat-1 and NOAA satellite imagery for the winter 1972–1973, and a variety of ice and sea-floor data were used to study sea-ice zonation and dynamics and their relation to bottom morphology and geology on the Beaufort Sea continental shelf of arctic Alaska.
In early winter the location of the boundary between undeformed fast ice and westward-drifting pack ice of the Pacific Gyre is controlled by major coastal promontories. Pronounced linear pressure- and shear-ridges, as well as hummock fields, form along this boundary and are stabilized by grounding, generally between the 10- and 20-m isobaths. Slippage along this boundary occurs intermittently at or seaward of the grounded ridges, forming new grounded ridges in a widening zone, the stamukhi zone, which by late winter extends out to the 40-m isobath. Between intermittent events along the stamukhi zone, pack-ice drift and slippage is continuous along the shelf edge, at average rates of 3–10 km/day. Whether slippage occurs along the stamukhi zone or along the shelf edge, it is restricted to a zone several hundred meters wide, and ice seaward of the slip face moves at uniform rates without discernible drag effects.
A causal relationship is seen between the spatial distribution of major ice-ridge systems and offshore shoals downdrift of major coastal promontories. The shoals appear to have migrated shoreward under the influence of ice up to 400 m in the last 25 years. The sea floor seaward of these shoals within the stamukhi zone shows high ice-gouge density, large incision depths, and a high degree of disruption of internal sedimentary structures. The concentration of large ice ridges and our sea floor data in the stamukhi zone indicate that much of the available marine energy is expended here, while the inner shelf and coast, where the relatively undeformed fast ice grows, are sheltered. There is evidence that anomalies in the overall arctic shelf profile are related to sea-ice zonation, ice dynamics, and bottom processes. A proposed ice zonation, including zones of (1) bottom-fast ice, (2) floating fast ice, (3) stamukhi, and (4) seasonal pack ice, emphasizes ice interaction with the shelf surface and differs from previous zonation.
Certain aspects of the results reported here are directly applicable to planned offshore developments in the Prudhoe Bay oil field. Properly placed artificial structures similar to offshore shoals should be able to withstand the forces of the ice, serve to modify the observed ice zonation, and might be used to make the environment less hostile to human activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(78)90018-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Toimil, L., and Barnes, P., 1978, Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 179-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(78)90018-X.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 71.13296067931378\n ],\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 68.37053168683431\n ],\n [\n -157.50512865265642,\n 68.37053168683431\n ],\n [\n -157.50512865265642,\n 71.13296067931378\n ],\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 71.13296067931378\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed53e4b0c8380cd49736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toimil, L.","contributorId":65603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toimil","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, P.","contributorId":73331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11316,"text":"ofr78155 - 1978 - A simple-harmonic model for depicting the annual cycle of seasonal temperatures of streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:21","indexId":"ofr78155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-155","title":"A simple-harmonic model for depicting the annual cycle of seasonal temperatures of streams","docAbstract":"Due to economic or operational constraints, stream-temperature records cannot always be collected at all sites where information is desired or at frequencies dictated by continuous or near-continuous surveillance requirements. For streams where only periodic measurements are made during the year, and that are not appreciably affected by regulation or by thermal loading , a simple harmonic function may adequately depict the annual seasonal cycle of stream temperature at any given site. Resultant harmonic coefficients obtained from available stream-temperature records may be used in the following ways: (1) To interpolate between discrete measurements by solving the harmonic function at specified times, thereby filling in estimates of stream-temperature values; (2) to characterize areal or regional patterns of natural stream-temperature values; (2) to characterize areal or regional patterns of natural stream-temperature conditions; and (3) to detect and to assess any significant at a site brought about by streamflow regulation or basin development. Moreover, less-than-daily or sampling frequencies at a given site may give estimates of annual variation of stream temperatures that are statistically comparable to estimates obtained from a daily or continuous sampling scheme. The latter procedure may result in potential savings of resources in network operations, with negligible loss in information on annual stream-temperature variations. (Woodard -USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78155","usgsCitation":"Steele, T.D., 1978, A simple-harmonic model for depicting the annual cycle of seasonal temperatures of streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-155, iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.; (36 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78155.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.; (36 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Timothy Doak","contributorId":88723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"Doak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11507,"text":"ofr78431 - 1978 - Least-squares refinement of powder diffraction data for unit cell parameters: Program listing for DEC 10 computer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:50:03.542506","indexId":"ofr78431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-431","title":"Least-squares refinement of powder diffraction data for unit cell parameters: Program listing for DEC 10 computer","docAbstract":"This FORTRAN computer program is a time-sharing version of the classic program of Appleman and Evans (1973) and Evans, Appleman, and Handwerker (1963), which indexes powder patterns and refines unit-cell dimensions. The program, originally written to be processed in batch mode for an IBM computer, was modified to run in time-sharing mode on the DEC 10 computer.
This version does not depart philosophically from the original program; however, the input and output formats have been adapted to the time-sharing terminal. These modifications and the actual running of the program are not discussed in detail here, as this report is intended only to make the program itself available. Examples of the input and output formats are shown on pages 3-8.
Input can be entered through the terminal by two methods. An input file may either be independently created and then entered into the program later, or created directly through the interactive mode of the program. With the latter method a file of the input information may also be saved for later use. Both methods allow for the data to be edited after each refinement run.
The output format has been changed to an 80-column width, common to many terminals. Only the last refinement cycle is printed and some of the statistical computations have been surpressed.
Using the \"Unit Cell\" program from the terminal in a \"real time\" situation emphasizes the versatility of the program. This ability to interact directly with the computer gives the user a better appreciation of the program, its options, the data, and the problem being solved.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781026","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., 1978, Thermal modeling of flow of the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1026, Report: xix, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781026.","productDescription":"Report: xix, 81 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dd60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9220,"text":"ofr78479 - 1978 - A progress report on estuary modeling by the finite-element method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-06T19:49:23.889397","indexId":"ofr78479","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-479","title":"A progress report on estuary modeling by the finite-element method","docAbstract":"Various schemes are investigated for finite-element modeling of two-dimensional surface-water flows. The first schemes investigated combine finite-element spatial discretization with split-step time stepping schemes that have been found useful in finite-difference computations. Because of the large number of numerical integrations performed in space and the large sparse matrices solved, these finite-element schemes were found to be economically uncompetitive with finite-difference schemes. A very promising leapfrog scheme is proposed which, when combined with a novel very fast spatial integration procedure, eliminates the need to solve any matrices at all. Additional problems attacked included proper propagation of waves and proper specification of the normal-flow boundary condition. This report indicates work in progress and does not come to a definitive conclusion as to the best approach for finite-element modeling of surface-water problems. The results presented herein represent findings obtained between September 1973 and July 1976.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78479","usgsCitation":"Gray, W., 1978, A progress report on estuary modeling by the finite-element method: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-479, iii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78479.","productDescription":"iii, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0479/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, William G.","contributorId":105308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"William G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36860,"text":"fwsobs78_19 - 1978 - Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs78_19","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/19","title":"Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Parrish, J., 1978, Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report: FWS/OBS 78/19, pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6431,"text":"pp1044A - 1978 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11262,"text":"ofr77347 - 1977 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","indexId":"ofr77347","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6431,"text":"pp1044A - 1978 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","indexId":"pp1044A","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T16:29:27.483672","indexId":"pp1044A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","chapter":"A","title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","docAbstract":"Long Valley caldera, an elliptical depression covering 450 km 2 on the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, contains a hot-water convection system with numerous hot springs and measured and estimated aquifer temperatures at depths of 180?C to 280?C. In this study we have synthesized the results of previous geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic investigations of the Long Valley area to develop a generalized conceptual and mathematical model which describes the gross features of heat and fluid flow in the hydrothermal system. \r\n\r\nCenozoic volcanism in the Long Valley region began about 3.2 m.y. (million years) ago and has continued intermittently until the present time. The major event that resulted in the formation of the Long Valley caldera took place about 0.7 m.y. ago with the eruption of 600 km 3 or more of Bishop Tuff of Pleistocene age, a rhyolitic ash flow, and subsequent collapse of the roof of the magma chamber along one or more steeply inclined ring fractures. Subsequent intracaldera volcanism and uplift of the west-central part of the caldera floor formed a subcircular resurgent dome about 10 km in diameter surrounded by a moat containing rhyolitic, rhyodacitic, and basaltic rocks ranging in age from 0.5 to 0.05 m.y. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of gravity and seismic studies, we estimate an aver- age thickness of fill of 2.4 km above the precaldera granitic and metamorphic basement rocks. A continuous layer of densely welded Bishop Tuff overlies the basement rocks, with an average thickness of 1.4 km; the fill above the welded Bishop Tuff consists of intercalated volcanic flows and tuffs and fluvial and lacustrine deposits. Assuming the average grain density of the fill is between 2.45 and 2.65 g/cm 3 , we calculate the average bulk porosity of the total fill as from 0.11 to 0.21. Comparison of published values of porosity of the welded Bishop Tuff exposed southeast of the caldera with calculated values indicates average bulk porosity for the welded tuff (including fracture porosity) from 0.05 to 0.10. Because of its continuity and depth and the likelihood of significant fracture permeability in the more competent rocks such as the welded tuff, our model of the hydrothermal system assumes that the Bishop Tuff provides the principal hot-water reservoir. However, because very little direct information exists from drill holes below 300 m, this assumption must be considered tentative. \r\n\r\nLong Valley caldera is drained by the Owens River and several tributaries which flow into Lake Crowley in the southeast end of the caldera. Streamflow and springflow measurements for water years 1964-74 indicate a total inflow to Lake Crowley of about 10,900 L/s. In contrast, the total discharge of hot water from the hydrothermal reservoir is about 300 L/s. For modeling purposes, the ground-water system is considered as comprising a shallow subsystem in the fill above the densely welded Bishop Tuff containing relatively cold ground water, and a deep subsystem or hydrothermal reservoir in the welded tuff containing relatively hot ground water. Hydrologic, isotopic, and thermal data indicate that recharge to the hydrothermal reservoir occurs in the upper Owens River drainage basin along the western periphery of the caldera. Temperature profiles in a 2.11- km-deep test well drilled by private industry in the southeastern part of the caldera suggest that an additional flux of relatively cool ground water recharges the deep subsystem around the northeast rim. Flow in the shallow ground-water subsystem is neglected in the model except in recharge areas and along Hot Creek gorge, where approximately 80 percent of the hot-water discharge from the hydrothermal reservoir moves upward along faults toward springs in the gorge. \r\n\r\nHeat-flow data from the Long Valley region indicate that the resurgent dome overlies a residual magma chamber more circular in plan than the original magma chamber that supplied the Bishop Tuff","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044A","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Lewis, R.E., and Olmsted, F.H., 1978, The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, Report: 60 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044A.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 25.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104540,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4695.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4695"},{"id":33841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.7778\n ],\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -118.635,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -118.635,\n 37.7778\n ],\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.7778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64da25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Robert Edward","contributorId":73595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8650,"text":"ofr78473 - 1978 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8650,"text":"ofr78473 - 1978 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr78473","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","indexId":"pp1164","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","indexId":"pp1164","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T20:17:02.933063","indexId":"ofr78473","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-473","title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Analyses of the surface effects of past underground coal mining in the western Powder River Basin suggest that underground mining of strippable coal deposits will damage the environment more over long periods of time than will modern surface mining, provided proper restoration procedures are followed after surface mining. Subsidence depressions and pits are a continuing hazard to the environment and to man's activities 5-20 km north of Sheridan, Wyo., above mines that were abandoned 25-80 years ago where the overburden is weak and is less than about 60 m thick. In addition, fires commonly start by spontaneous combustion when water and air enter the abandoned mine workings via subsidence cracks and pits. The fires can then spread to unmined coal as they create more cavities, more subsidence, and more cracks and pits through which air can circulate.
In modern surface mining operations the total land surface underlain by minable coal is removed to expose the coal. The coal is removed, the overburden and topsoil are replaced, and the land regraded and revegetated. The land, although disturbed, can be more easily restored and put back into use than land underlain by abandoned underground mine workings in areas where the overburden is less than about 60 m thick. The resource recovery of modern surface mining also is much greater than that of underground mining procedures.
Although present-day underground mining technology is advanced as compared to that of 25-80 years ago, subsidence resulting from mining of thick coal beds beneath overburden less than about 60 m thick by underground methods can cause greater damage to surface drainage, ground water, and vegetation than can properly designed surface mining operations. This report briefly discusses the geology and surface and underground effects of former large-scale underground mining in a 50 km2 area north of Sheridan, Wyo. and describes some environmental consequences and problems caused by mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78473","usgsCitation":"Dunrud, C., and Osterwald, F.W., 1978, Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-473, iii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78473.","productDescription":"iii, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424155,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0473/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0473/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.73961450431369,\n 44.834802347205994\n ],\n [\n -107.73961450431369,\n 42.749396299259615\n ],\n [\n -106.16856958243883,\n 42.749396299259615\n ],\n [\n -106.16856958243883,\n 44.834802347205994\n ],\n [\n -107.73961450431369,\n 44.834802347205994\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6160ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunrud, C. Richard","contributorId":48964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunrud","given":"C. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterwald, Frank W.","contributorId":98301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterwald","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7526,"text":"ofr78801 - 1978 - A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:57:26.57247","indexId":"ofr78801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-801","title":"A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Geochemical sampling of a tier of eight 7 1/2-minute quadrangles bordered by latitudes 32° 45'and 33° 00' N. and longitudes 108° 00' and 108° 30' W. was begun in the fall of 1974 and continued seasonally until completion in the fall of 1976. These quadrangles are in southwest New Mexico and include the well-known mineral deposits of the Silver City area. The sampling was designed to gain semidetailed information on the metal-anomaly characteristics of the strongly mineralized area surrounding Silver City, New Mexico, and to seek geochemical clues for the continuation of these mineral deposits beneath overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks to the north.
The data obtained within areas of known mineral deposits provide information on the metallogenic processes and metal suites that both relate and distinguish metal systems. Evaluation of this information relative to the regional geologic framework and the distribution of known mineral deposits will result in the identification of additional target areas for exploration, as well as further our understanding of the geochemical characteristics of mineralized areas. Extrapolation of models developed from the study of areas of known, exposed mineralization to areas covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks, such as the northern part of this tier of quadrangles, is a promising procedure for continuing research into geochemical-anomaly characteristics of covered mineral deposits.
Preliminary interpretation of the data indicates that the southern part of the area in which Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks and mineral deposits are exposed, should be reassessed to the classification and genesis of some of the deposits and to the types of mineral commodities that may be present. Some wholly new exploration targets within these areas are also indicated by some of the data. In addition, geochemical clues to buried mineral deposits, possibly representing continuation northward of some features of the Silver City mining district, have been observed in data from the northern, Tertiary volcanic areas. The meanings of these clues are still speculative.
For this study, 917 stream-sediment and 921 stream-sediment concentrate samples were collected. The stream-sediment-concentrate samples, which consist of heavy minerals, were split into magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions, each of which was analyzed. This resulted in the analysis of 1,842 heavy-mineral and 917 sieved stream-sediment samples.
Analytical results for all of the sample types are summarized statistically on table 1 and tabulated in their entirety on table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78801","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.C., Hassemer, J., Siems, D.F., and Nishi, J.M., 1978, A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-801, i, 247 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78801.","productDescription":"i, 247 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Silver 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C.","contributorId":49344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassemer, J.R.","contributorId":18761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishi, J. M.","contributorId":89886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishi","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":8453,"text":"ofr78266 - 1978 - Five-day recorder seismic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:05","indexId":"ofr78266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-266","title":"Five-day recorder seismic system","docAbstract":"The 10-day recorder seismic system used by the USGS since 1965 has been modified substantially to improve its dynamic range and frequency response, to decrease its power consumption and physical complexity, and to make its recordings more compatible with other NCER systems to facilitate data processing. The principal changes include:\r\n\r\n 1. increasing tape speed from 15/160 ips to 15/80 ips (reducing running time from 10 days to 5 days with a 14' reel of 1 mil tape),\r\n\r\n 2. increasing the FM center frequency by a factor of 4, from 84.4 Hz to 337.6 Hz,\r\n\r\n 3. replacing the original amplifiers and FM modulators with new low-power units,\r\n\r\n 4. replacing the chronometer with a higher quality time code generator (with IRIG-C) to permit automation of data retrieval,\r\n\r\n 5. eliminating the amplifier/WWVB radio field case by incorporating these elements, along with the new TCG, in the weatherproof tape-recorder box,\r\n\r\n 6. reducing the power consumption of the motor-drive circuit by removal of a redundant component.\r\n\r\nIn the new system, the tape-recorder case houses all components except the seismometers, the WWVB antenna, the 70-amp-hour 12-VDC battery (which powers the system for 5 days), and the cables to connect these external elements to the recorder box.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this report are:\r\n\r\n 1. to describe the new 5-day-recorder seismic system in terms of its constituent parts and their functions,\r\n\r\n 2. to describe modifications to parts of the original system that were retained and to document new or replacement components with appropriate circuit diagrams and constructional details,\r\n\r\n 3. to provide detailed instructions for the correct adjustment or alignment of the system in the laboratory, and\r\n\r\n 4. to provide detailed instructions for installing and operating the system in the field. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78266","usgsCitation":"Criley, E., Eaton, J.P., and Ellis, J., 1978, Five-day recorder seismic system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-266, 85 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (86 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78266.","productDescription":"85 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (86 p. - PGS)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_78_266.gif"},{"id":14390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ede4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criley, Ed","contributorId":30626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Jim","contributorId":12035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9006,"text":"ofr78321 - 1978 - Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:00","indexId":"ofr78321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-321","title":"Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78321","usgsCitation":"Mark, R.K., Harwood, D.S., Doell, R., and Newman, E.B., 1978, Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-321, 82 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (84 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78321.","productDescription":"82 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (84 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwood, D. S.","contributorId":48937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, E. B.","contributorId":52571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"E.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":19430,"text":"ofr781016 - 1978 - Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr781016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1016","title":"Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","docAbstract":"Modern surface faulting along the Picacho fault, east of Picacho, Arizona, has been attributed to ground-water withdrawal. In September 1977, three exploratory test holes were drilled 5 km east of Picacho and across the Picacho fault to investigate subsurface conditions and the mechanism of the faulting. The holes were logged by conventional geophysical and geologic methods. Piezometers were set in each hole and have been monitored since September 1977. The drilling indicates that the unconsolidated alluvium beneath the surface fault is approximately 310 m thick. Drilling and piezometer data and an associated seismic refraction survey indicate that the modern faulting is coincident with a preexisting, high-angle, normal fault that offsets units within the alluvium as well as the underlying bedrock. Piezometer and neutron log data indicate that the preexisting fault behaves as a partial ground-water barrier. Monitoring of the piezometers indicates that the magnitude of the man-induced difference in water level across the preexisting fault is seasonal in nature, essentially disappearing during periods of water-level recovery. The magnitude of the seasonal difference in water level, however, appears to be sufficient to account for the modern fault offset by localized differential compaction caused by a difference in water level across the preexisting fault. In addition, repeated level surveys since September 1977 of bench marks across the surface fault and near the piezometers have indicated fault movement that corresponds to fluctuations of water level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781016","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1978, Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1016, ii, 38 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (41 p., 3 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781016.","productDescription":"ii, 38 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (41 p., 3 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48904,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48905,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48906,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8490,"text":"ofr781093 - 1978 - Postulated model of uranium occurrence in the central mining area, Marysvale District, west-central Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8490,"text":"ofr781093 - 1978 - Postulated model of uranium occurrence in the central mining area, Marysvale District, west-central Utah","indexId":"ofr781093","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Postulated model of uranium occurrence in the central mining area, Marysvale District, west-central Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64982,"text":"i1177 - 1979 - Uranium in the central mining area, Marysvale district, west central Utah","indexId":"i1177","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Uranium in the central mining area, Marysvale district, west central Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":64982,"text":"i1177 - 1979 - Uranium in the central mining area, Marysvale district, west central Utah","indexId":"i1177","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Uranium in the central mining area, Marysvale district, west central Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T20:59:27.512346","indexId":"ofr781093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1093","title":"Postulated model of uranium occurrence in the central mining area, Marysvale District, west-central Utah","docAbstract":"Uranium in the central mining area of Marysvale, Utah occurs in hydrothermal veins cutting granitic and volcanic rocks in the eastern source area of the Mount Belknap Volcanics. A preliminary model for the origin of the veins envisages deposition in near-surface fractures above an unexposed pluton that may host a porphyry-type ore deposit. This model is based on the work in progress by the U.S. Geological Survey, and embodies all presently available data from field mapping, literature study, fluid inclusion studies, and diverse geochemical and isotopic studies. Recent advances in uranium geochemistry have been particularly helpful. The work is not yet complete so this model should be considered as a progress report suggesting possible targets for exploration and testing; such testing would in turn lead to refinements in the model and to a clearer understanding of vein-type uranium deposits in general.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781093","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., and Steven, T.A., 1978, Postulated model of uranium occurrence in the central mining area, Marysvale District, west-central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1093, Report: i, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 15.17 x 19.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781093.","productDescription":"Report: i, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 15.17 x 19.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407368,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Marysvale District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,38.446 ], [ -112.25,38.522 ], [ -112.167,38.522 ], [ -112.167,38.446], [ -112.25,38.446 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6839e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steven, Thomas August","contributorId":73174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"August","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26763,"text":"wri7890 - 1978 - Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri7890","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-90","title":"Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model","docAbstract":"A computer program of a watershed model for routing urban flood discharges through a branched system of pipes or natural channels using rainfall as input has been developed and documented. The model combines soil-moisture-accounting and rainfall-excess components developed by Dawdy and others (1972) with the kinematic-wave routing method presented by Leclerc and Schaake (1973). (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center, National Space Technology Laboratories,","doi":"10.3133/wri7890","usgsCitation":"Dawdy, D., Schaake, J.C., and Alley, W., 1978, Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-90, iv, 146 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7890.","productDescription":"iv, 146 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55653,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cbe4b07f02db5d83e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaake, John C. Jr.","contributorId":76359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20544,"text":"ofr781021 - 1978 - Hot, deep origin of petroleum: shelf and shallow basin evidence and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr781021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1021","title":"Hot, deep origin of petroleum: shelf and shallow basin evidence and application","docAbstract":"Oil and gas pools in shallow basins or on the shallow, stable shelves of deeper sedimentary basins may not be exceptions to the model of a hot deep origin of petroleum. The oil in shallow basins is directly associated with faulting extending out of the deepest parts of the basin. Evidence exists that some of these shallow basins have been much hotter in the past either from igneous activity or from a higher geothermal gradient. Uplift and erosion may also have removed substantial thicknesses of sediments in some of these basins. Oil on the stable shallow shelves of deep basins may have originated in the deeper part of the basin and undergone long lateral migration to the traps where it is now found. Conduits for such migration have been sandstones in delta-distributary systems (eastern Oklahoma and Kansas), reef trends (Alberta, Canada), or regional porosity and permeability in sheet carbonates (Anadarko basin, western Oklahoma and Kansas).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781021","usgsCitation":"Price, L.C., 1978, Hot, deep origin of petroleum: shelf and shallow basin evidence and application: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1021, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781021.","productDescription":"72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26729,"text":"wri7828 - 1978 - Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:32:57.591045","indexId":"wri7828","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-28","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Mines plans to develop an underground oil-shale research facility near the center of Piceance Creek basin in Colorado. The oil-shale zone, which is to be penetrated by a shaft, is overlain by 1,400 feet of sedimentary rocks, primarily sandstone and marlstone, consisting of two aquifers separated by a confining layer. Three test holes were drilled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to obtain samples of the oil shale, and to test the hydraulic properties of the two aquifers. The data collected during construction of the test holes were used to update an existing ground-water-flow computer model. The model was used to estimate the maximum amount of water that would have to be pumped to dewater the shaft during its construction. It is estimated that it would be necessary to pump as much as 3,080 gallons per minute to keep the shaft dry. Disposal of waste water and rock are the principal hydrologic problems associated with constructing the shaft. (Woodard-
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7828","usgsCitation":"Dale, R.H., and Weeks, J., 1978, Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-28, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7828.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","city":"Piceance Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.939\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.906\n ],\n [\n -108.292,\n 39.906\n ],\n [\n -108.292,\n 39.939\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.939\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a889a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, R. H.","contributorId":98711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}