{"pageNumber":"1573","pageRowStart":"39300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":6088,"text":"pp1040 - 1977 - Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14622,"text":"ofr75358 - 1975 - Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed","indexId":"ofr75358","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6088,"text":"pp1040 - 1977 - Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed","indexId":"pp1040","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp1040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1040","title":"Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed","docAbstract":"Stochastic models are available that can be used to predict the transport and dispersion of bed-material sediment particles in an alluvial channel. These models are based on the proposition that the movement of a single bed-material sediment particle consists of a series of steps of random length separated by rest periods of random duration and, therefore, application of the models requires a knowledge of the probability distributions of the step lengths, the rest periods, the elevation of particle deposition, and the elevation of particle erosion. The procedure was tested by determining distributions from bed profiles formed in a large laboratory flume with a coarse sand as the bed material. The elevation of particle deposition and the elevation of particle erosion can be considered to be identically distributed, and their distribution can be described by either a ' truncated Gaussian ' or a ' triangular ' density function. The conditional probability distribution of the rest period given the elevation of particle deposition closely followed the two-parameter gamma distribution. The conditional probability distribution of the step length given the elevation of particle erosion and the elevation of particle deposition also closely followed the two-parameter gamma density function. For a given flow, the scale and shape parameters describing the gamma probability distributions can be expressed as functions of bed-elevation. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1040","usgsCitation":"Lee, B.K., and Jobson, H.E., 1977, Stochastic analysis of particle movement over a dune bed: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1040, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1040.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Baum K.","contributorId":27055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Baum","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9722,"text":"ofr77671 - 1977 - A FORTRAN program for calculating nonlinear seismic ground response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"ofr77671","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-671","title":"A FORTRAN program for calculating nonlinear seismic ground response","docAbstract":"The program described here was designed for calculating the nonlinear seismic response of a system of horizontal soil layers underlain by a semi-infinite elastic medium representing bedrock. Excitation is a vertically incident shear wave in the underlying medium. The nonlinear hysteretic behavior of the soil is represented by a model consisting of simple linear springs and Coulomb friction elements arranged as shown. A boundary condition is used which takes account of finite rigidity in the elastic substratum. The computations are performed by an explicit finite-difference scheme that proceeds step by step in space and time. A brief program description is provided here with instructions for preparing the input and a source listing. A more detailed discussion of the method is presented elsewhere as is the description of a different program employing implicit integration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr77671","usgsCitation":"Joyner, W.B., 1977, A FORTRAN program for calculating nonlinear seismic ground response: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-671, 16 p.; Figures; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77671.","productDescription":"16 p.; Figures; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_77_671.gif"},{"id":110893,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0671/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4954e4b0b290850ef0e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyner, William B.","contributorId":39786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6051,"text":"pp991 - 1977 - Thermal loading of natural streams","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9650,"text":"ofr75448 - 1976 - Thermal loading of natural streams","indexId":"ofr75448","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Thermal loading of natural streams"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6051,"text":"pp991 - 1977 - Thermal loading of natural streams","indexId":"pp991","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Thermal loading of natural streams"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp991","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"991","title":"Thermal loading of natural streams","docAbstract":"The impact of thermal loading on the temperature regime of natural streams is investigated by mathematical models, which describe both transport (convection-diffusion) and decay (surface dissipation) of waste heat over 1-hour or shorter time intervals. The models are derived from the principle of conservation of thermal energy for application to one- and two-dimensional spaces. The basic concept in these models is to separate water temperature into two parts, (1) excess temperature due to thermal loading and (2) natural (ambient) temperature. This separation allows excess temperature to be calculated from the models without incoming radiation data. Natural temperature may either be measured in prototypes or calculated from the model. If use is made of the model, however, incoming radiation is required as input data. Comparison of observed and calculated temperatures in seven natural streams shows that the models are capable of predicting transient temperature regimes satisfactorily in most cases. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp991","usgsCitation":"Jackman, A.P., and Yotsukura, N., 1977, Thermal loading of natural streams: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 991, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp991.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0991/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33035,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0991/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62df9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yotsukura, Nobuhiro","contributorId":81884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yotsukura","given":"Nobuhiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5923,"text":"pp982 - 1977 - Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13786,"text":"ofr75617 - 1975 - Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York","indexId":"ofr75617","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5923,"text":"pp982 - 1977 - Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York","indexId":"pp982","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"pp982","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"982","title":"Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional analog model of the ground-water system beneath Long Island, N.Y., provides a practical means for studying anisotropic flow on a regional scale. Constructional and operational techniques influence the simulation almost as much as model design does. Usefulness and accuracy of the model depend on (1) inherent and practical limitations of the finite-difference method, (2) accuracy and completeness of the data base, and (3) accuracy of the assumptions and approximations that were made in applying the simulation technique to this particular ground-water reservoir. Reliable data used in design of the model are (1) horizontal hydraulic conductivity and thickness of three major aquifers, (2) extent of confining beds, (3) specific yield, and (4) locations of streams. Estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity and specific storage were applied to the model. Most spatially fixed model boundaries are good representations of prototype (real-world) boundaries. Most dynamic boundaries are only approximately represented, and some dynamic boundaries require application of unproved assumptions. The simulated ground-water reservoir generally agrees with prototype hydrology, and the model is being used for predictive studies. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp982","usgsCitation":"Getzen, R.T., 1977, Analog-model analysis of regional three-dimensional flow in the ground-water reservoir of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 982, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp982.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0982/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0982/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6837cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Getzen, Rufus T.","contributorId":45699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getzen","given":"Rufus","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9741,"text":"ofr77134 - 1977 - Correlation of major eastern earthquake centers with mafic/ultramafic basement masses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:25","indexId":"ofr77134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-134","title":"Correlation of major eastern earthquake centers with mafic/ultramafic basement masses","docAbstract":"Extensive gravity highs and associated magnetic anomalies are present in or near seven major eastern North American earthquake areas as defined by Hadley and Devine (1974). The seven include the five largest of the eastern North American earthquake .centers. The immediate localities of the gravity anomalies are, however, relatively free of seismicity, particularly the largest events. The anomalies are presumably caused by extensive mafic or ultramafic masses embedded in the crystalline basement. Laboratory experiments show that serpentinized gabbro and dunite fail under stress in a creep mode rather than in a stick-slip mode. A possible explanation of the correlation between the earthquake patterns and the anomalies is that the mafic/ultramafic masses are serpentinized and can only sustain low stress fields thereby acting to concentrate regional stress outside their boundaries. The proposed model is analogous to the hole-in-plate problem of mechanics whereby stresses around a hole in a stressed plate may. reach values several times the average.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77134","usgsCitation":"Kane, M.F., 1977, Correlation of major eastern earthquake centers with mafic/ultramafic basement masses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-134, 16 leaves :maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77134.","productDescription":"16 leaves :maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37481,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6845fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Martin Francis","contributorId":87923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9778,"text":"ofr77545 - 1977 - Late Pleistocene and Recent geology of the Housatonic River region in northwestern Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:17","indexId":"ofr77545","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-545","title":"Late Pleistocene and Recent geology of the Housatonic River region in northwestern Connecticut","docAbstract":"An investigation of Late Pleistocene and Recent surficial deposits in western Connecticut and adjacent areas was undertaken, to determine characteristics of Wisconsin glaciation and the history and chronology of deglaciation in part of the finely dissected New England Uplands. \r\n\r\nThe study area lies along the midreach of the Housatonic River in western Connecticut, and has local relief exceeding 1,200 feet. Surface morphology and internal characteristics of glacial and glaciofluvial erosional and depositional features were examined and mapped in detail in the Kent and Ellsworth, Connecticut, USGS 7? minute quadrangles, and by reconnaissance in the surrounding quadrangles. This study contributes to the expanding detailed knowledge of glaciation and geomorphology in western New England and eastern New York state. \r\n\r\nIce along the lateral east margin of the southward-waxing, Wisconsin-age, Hudson-Champlain Valley ice lobe successively overran ridges trending northeast-to-southwest. Late Wisconsin ice flow was consistently toward the southeast in the study area. Glacial erosion on the upland surfaces was weak, and several early or pre-Wisconsin meltwater channels persist, which evidence little late Wisconsin glacial or glaciofluvial modification. Deeply weathered rock has been locally preserved beneath unweathered till. \r\n\r\nTill deposits are generally thin, averaging from 10 to 15 feet in thickness, but till deposits exceeding 200 feet in thickness have been observed. Direct evidence for two or more cycles of till deposition is lacking, although multiple glaciations can be inferred from drainage derangement of the Housatonic River and from anomalies in configuration of old, upland melt-water channels which were re-occupied and eroded by melt water during subsequent deglaciations. \r\n\r\nThe orientation of ridges and the local terrain relief exerted minor control on ice flow during waxing phases of glaciation. Local relief and ridges which were oriented transverse to ice flow became the dominant control factors for ice flow during late phases of deglaciation and ultimately initiated marginal stagnation zones. \r\n\r\nLate Wisconsin deglaciation evolved in three stages. First, the active ice margin receded rapidly northwestward across, and almost transverse to, the upland ridge crests in response to factors of both backwasting and downwasting. Second, local terrain relief restricted active ice flow, initiated stagnation, diverted melt-water flow and controlled deposition of small active ice-marginal deposits on the northwest slopes of ridges. Third, melting and thinning of stagnant ice tongues in valleys with ice surfaces which were low gradient and southward-sloping caused rapid northward recession of the stagnant ice margin. \r\n\r\nSequences of related outwash deposits have been correlated with inferred ice-marginal, recessional positions. In this region, the zone of stagnant ice distal to active ice ranged from 6 to 15 miles in average width. \r\n\r\nLacustrine sediments accumulated as stagnant ice blocks melted in isolated basins and other depressions where through-flowing melt-water drainage was restricted or absent. The paucity of ice-contact and outwash deposits in the isolated basins indicates that little entrained debris was present in the stagnant ice. Prograding outwash along the Housatonic River and other major drainage routes infilled glacially overdeepened \r\nunderlying lacustrine sediments sand and gravel. rock basins and buried beneath upward-coarsening \r\n\r\nUpland bogs, which have developed postglacially, contain as much as 22 feet of organic material mixed with silt and clay. An age of 12,750 ? 230 years B.P. was determined for materials immediately above three feet of older organic-rich clay layers. This dated material correlates with the upper part of the pollen T zone reported elsewhere in Connecticut and New York.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77545","usgsCitation":"Kelley, G.C., 1977, Late Pleistocene and Recent geology of the Housatonic River region in northwestern Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-545, [12], 222 leaves :ill., maps, plates (fold. in envelope) ;28 cm.; (222 p., 9 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77545.","productDescription":"[12], 222 leaves :ill., maps, plates (fold. in envelope) ;28 cm.; (222 p., 9 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37540,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37541,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37542,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37543,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37544,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37545,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37546,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0545/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, George C.","contributorId":51294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19538,"text":"ofr7825 - 1977 - Summary of watershed conditions in the vicinity of Redwood National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T08:28:24","indexId":"ofr7825","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-25","title":"Summary of watershed conditions in the vicinity of Redwood National Park, California","docAbstract":"

The Redwood Creek Unit of Redwood National Park is located in the downstream end of an exceptionally rapidly eroding drainage basin. Spatial distribution and types of erosional landforms, observed in the field and on time-sequential aerial photographs, measured sediment loads, and the lithologic heterogeneity of streambed materials indicated (1) that sediment discharges reflect a complex suite of natural and man-induced mass movement and fluvial erosion processes operating on a geologically heterogeneous, naturally unstable terrain, and (2) that although infrequent exceptionally intense storms control the timing and general magnitude of major erosion events, the loci, types, and amounts of erosion occurring during those events are substantially influence by land use. Erosional impacts of past timber harvest in the Redwood Creek basin reflect primarily the cumulative impact of many small erosion problems caused not so much by removal.

\n
\n

Recently modified riparian and aquatic environments reflect stream channel adjustments to recently increased water and sediment discharges, and are classified by the National Park Service as damaged resources because the modifications reflect, in part, unnatural causes.

\n
\n

Newly strengthened State regulations and cooperative review procedures result in proposed timber harvest plans being tailored to specific site conditions, as well as smaller, more dispersed harvest units and more sophisticated attempts at minimizing ground-surface disruption than those used in most previous timber harvesting in this basin. However, application of improved timber harvest technology alone will not assure protection of park resources. Much remaining intact residual commercial old-growth timber is on hillslopes that are steeper, wetter, more susceptible to landsliding, and more nearly adjacent to major stream channels than most of the previously harvested hillslopes in the lower Redwood Creek basin. Moreover, natural debris barriers along streams flowing through remaining old-growth forest have temporarily stored substantial quantities of sediment introduced into streams by recent storms and upstream land-use changes. Removal of merchantable timber from these barriers may destroy their stability and cause rapid release of stored sediment. Additionally, massive erosion in some recently harvested areas suggest that they are so erosionally sensitive that following rehabilitation and reforestation, they should not be reharvested. Thus, in order to maintain site productivity and to protect downstream park resources, some erosionally critical areas may have to be maintained as perpetual timber reserves dedicated to watershed protection. Selective Federal acquisition of just erosionally critical acreage would create ownership patterns that would make management of both parklands and commercial timber lands exceedingly difficult.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr7825","usgsCitation":"Janda, R.J., 1977, Summary of watershed conditions in the vicinity of Redwood National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-25, iv, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7825.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287772,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0025/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.25,40.75 ], [ -124.25,41.75 ], [ -123.75,41.75 ], [ -123.75,40.75 ], [ -124.25,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janda, Richard J.","contributorId":13235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janda","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5825,"text":"pp980 - 1977 - Effects of the catastrophic flood of December 1966, north rim area, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp980","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"980","title":"Effects of the catastrophic flood of December 1966, north rim area, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Precipitation from the unusual storm of December 1966 was concentrated on highlands in northern Arizona, southwestern Utah , southern Nevada, and south-central California and caused widely scattered major floods in the four States. In Arizona the largest amount of precipitation was in the north rim area of eastern Grand Canyon, where about 14 inches was measured. The largest flows occurred along Bright Angel Creek and the MilK Creek-Dragon Creek part of the Crystal Creek drainage basin. The maximum effects of the flood were along Milk Creek-Dragon Creek, where a mudflow caused extensive channel modification. Floods that occurred in the Bright Angel and Crystal Creek basins have a recurrence interval of only once in several centuries. The streamflow that resulted from the storm on the Kaibab Plateau caused considerable local scouring and deepening of channels, including some renewed arroyo cutting. The most catastrophic effects of the 1966 floods were caused by two mudflows that extended from the edge of the Kaibab Plateau along Dragon Creek in the Crystal Creek basin and Lava Creek in the Chuar Creek basin to the Colorado River. More than 10 other large mudflows occurred in Nankoweap, Kwagunt, Crystal, and Shinumo Creek basins. About 80 large debris slides left conspicuous scars in the amphitheaters at the heads of the side gorges, and at least 10 small slides occurred on the Kaibab Plateau. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp980","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., Aldridge, B.N., and Euler, R.C., 1977, Effects of the catastrophic flood of December 1966, north rim area, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 980, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp980.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0980/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32524,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0980/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0980/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6102bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":8077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, B. N.","contributorId":73179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"B.","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euler, Robert C.","contributorId":63791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10685,"text":"ofr77596 - 1977 - Hydrologic reconnaissance evaluation of the Federal Capital Territory and surrounding areas, Nigeria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:28","indexId":"ofr77596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-596","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance evaluation of the Federal Capital Territory and surrounding areas, Nigeria","docAbstract":"Initial moderate water requirements of the new Federal Capital Territory in Central Nigeria are available from the two large rivers, the Niger and Benue, from the smaller Gurara River, and possibly from several smaller streams. Ground water in the southwestern part of the Territory and in adjacent areas along the Niger River is also a potential source. The Niger and Benue Rivers are obvious sources of major supply for eventual large demands, and the Gurara River and sedimentary aquifers also may have that potential. Available data are sparse and highly inadequate for satisfactory design of assessment, development, and management plans for the Territory. Initiation of systematic investigation and collection of data at an early date is recommended. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77596","usgsCitation":"Peterson, L., and Meyer, G., 1977, Hydrologic reconnaissance evaluation of the Federal Capital Territory and surrounding areas, Nigeria: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-596, 30 leaves :maps ;27 cm.; (31 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77596.","productDescription":"30 leaves :maps ;27 cm.; (31 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, L.R.","contributorId":40993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Gerald","contributorId":76721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5636,"text":"pp1028 - 1977 - Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-19T14:26:59.152609","indexId":"pp1028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1028","title":"Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"

PART A: The seismic history of the southeastern United States is dominated by the 1886 earthquake near Charleston, S.C. An understanding of the specific source and the uniqueness of the neotectonic setting of this large earthquake is essential in order to properly assess seismic hazards in the southeastern United States. Such knowledge will also contribute to the fundamental understanding of intraplate earthquakes and will aid indirectly in deciphering the evolution of Atlantic-type continental margins. The 15 chapters in this volume report on the first stage of an ongoing multidisciplinary study of the Charleston earthquake of 1886. The Modified Mercalli intensity for the 1886 earthquake was X in the meizoseismal area, an elliptical area 35 by 50 km, the center of which was Middleton Place. Seismic activity is continuing today in the Middleton Place-Summerville area at a higher level than prior to 1886. The present seismicity is originating at depths of 1 to 8 km, mostly in the crystalline basement beneath sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Plain. The crystalline basement beneath the Charleston-Summerville area is not simply a seaward extension of crystalline rocks of the Appalachian orogen that are exposed in the Piedmont to the northwest, but has a distinctive magnetic signature that does not reflect Appalachian orogenic trends. The area underlain by this distinctive geophysical basement, the Charleston block, may represent a broad zone of Triassic and (or) Jurassic crustal extension formed during the early stages of the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The Charleston block is characterized in part by prominent, roughly circular magnetic and gravity highs that are thought to reflect maflc or ultramafic plutons. A continuously cored borehole put down over the shallowest (about 1.5 km deep) of these magnetic anomalies on the edge of the meizoseismal area bottomed at 792 m in amygdaloidal basalt. Although the K-Ar ages of about 100 m.y. for the basalt are consistent with the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) age of the overlying Cape Fear Formation, this must be a minimum age as a result of chemical alteration. The interpreted magmatic composition of the basalt most closely resembles the high-Ti quartz-normative tholeiites of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic age from eastern North America; age of the basalt is probably similar. Various geophysical surveys suggest that Coastal Plain sedimentary rocks do not simply dip homoclinally to the southeast on a gently dipping basement surface but are disturbed by structures not yet clearly deciphered. The present stress regime of the Charleston-Summerville area appears to be one of NE-SW. compression rather than of extension as it presumably was in the Mesozoic. The present stress regime seems similar to that of much of the eastern United States. Comparison of several seismic source areas in eastern North America shows that epicenters are typically near the periphery of positive gravity features interpreted to represent mafic or ultramafic bodies. Earthquakes may be caused by the concentration of regional stress around the peripheries of these inhomogeneities in an otherwise more homogeneous plate. Whether the inhomogeneities are more or less rigid than the. surrounding material is uncertain. PART B: In 1889, C. E. Dutton published all his basic intensity data for the 1886 Charleston, S.C., shock but did not list what intensity values he assigned to each report, nor did he show the distribution of the locations of these data reports on his isoseismal map. The writer and two other seismologists have each independently evaluated Dutton's 1,300 intensity reports (at least two of the. three interpreters agreed on intensity values for 90 percent of the reports), and the consensus values were plotted and contoured. One map was prepared on which contours emphasized the broad regional pattern of effects (with results similar to Dutton's) ; another map was contoured to depict the more

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1028","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., 1977, Studies related to the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886: A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1028, iii, 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1028.","productDescription":"iii, 204 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":464242,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92981.htm","text":"Biostratigraphy of the deep corehole (Clubhouse Crossroads corehole 1) near Charleston, South Carolina","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":140112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402866,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92975.htm","text":"Lithostratigraphy of the deep corehole (Clubhouse Crossroads corehole 1) near Charleston, South Carolina","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 32.637061996573436\n ],\n [\n -79.79095458984375,\n 32.637061996573436\n ],\n [\n -79.79095458984375,\n 32.95567280997862\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 32.95567280997862\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 32.637061996573436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25561,"text":"wri77120 - 1977 - Ground-water resources of the Upper Winooski River basin, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T11:21:49","indexId":"wri77120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-120","title":"Ground-water resources of the Upper Winooski River basin, Vermont","docAbstract":"

Ground water in the upper Winooski River basin, Vermont, occurs in bedrock and in overlying unconsolidated deposits of glacial origin. Bedrock in the area is composed of a series of metamorphic and igneous rocks. Median yield for 126 wells in four different bedrock formations ranges from 5 to 6 gallons per minute, and median depth ranges from 130 to 200 feet. Lineaments, interpreted as fracture of breakage zones in bedrock, were mapped to identify zones where well yields are expected to be higher than average.

\n

Unconsolidated deposits in the upper Winooski River basin include unsorted till, water-sorted clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Properly constructed wells in saturated deposits of sand or gravel having high permeability can yield large quantities of water. Twenty-six domestic wells in these unconsolidated deposits have a median yield of 18 gallons per minute and a median depth of 58 feet.

\n

Chemical analysis of water from six wells indicate a median hardness of 120 milligrams per liter, (as CaCO3), which is moderately hard. Iron and manganese are common constituents of ground water in the area, and several analyses show concentrations of these elements which exceed recommended National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering (1973) limits for public drinking water supplies.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri77120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Agency of Environmental Conservation, Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hodges, A.L., Willey, R.E., Ashley, J.W., and Butterfield, D., 1977, Ground-water resources of the Upper Winooski River basin, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-120, Report: iv, 27 p.; 4 Plates: 33.88 x 42.89 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77120.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 4 Plates: 33.88 x 42.89 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0120/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310271,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0120/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310272,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0120/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310273,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0120/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310274,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0120/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri77120.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Upper Winooski River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.92724609375,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -72.92724609375,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -72.11975097656249,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -72.11975097656249,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -72.92724609375,\n 44.15856343854312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, Arthur L. Jr.","contributorId":62075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Arthur","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":30972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashley, James W.","contributorId":102523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butterfield, David","contributorId":28607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butterfield","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":19477,"text":"ofr7735 - 1977 - Genesis of a zoned granite stock, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr7735","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-35","title":"Genesis of a zoned granite stock, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A composite epizonal stock of biotite granite has intruded a diverse assemblage of metamorphic rocks in the Serpentine Hot Springs area of north-central Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The metamorphic rocks include amphibolite-facies orthogneiss and paragneiss, greenschist-facies fine-grained siliceous and graphitic metasediments, and a variety of carbonate rocks. Lithologic units within the metamorphic terrane trend generally north-northeast and dip moderately toward the southeast. Thrust faults locally juxtapose lithologic units in the metamorphic assemblage, and normal faults displace both the metamorphic rocks and some parts of the granite stock. The gneisses and graphitic metasediments are believed to be late Precambrian in age, but the carbonate rocks are in part Paleozoic. Dating by the potassium-argon method indicates that the granite stock is Late Cretaceous. \r\n\r\nThe stock has sharp discordant contacts, beyond which is a well-developed thermal aureole with rocks of hornblende hornfels facies. The average mode of the granite is 29 percent plagioclase, 31 percent quartz, 36 percent K-feldspar, and 4 percent biotite. Accessory minerals include apatite, magnetite, sphene, allanite, and zircon. Late-stage or deuteric minerals include muscovite, fluorite, tourmaline, quartz, and albite. \r\n\r\nThe stock is a zoned complex containing rocks with several textural facies that are present in four partly concentric zones. Zone 1 is a discontinuous border unit, containing fine- to coarse-grained biotite granite, that grades inward into zone 2. Zone 2 consists of porphyritic biotite granite with oriented phenocrysts of pinkish-gray microcline in a coarse-grained equigranular groundmass of plagioclase, quartz, and biotite. It is in sharp, concordant to discordant contact with rocks of zone 3. Zone 3 consists of seriate-textured biotite granite that has been intruded by bodies of porphyritic biotite granite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, and biotite in an aplitic groundmass. Flow structures, pegmatite and aplite segregations, and miarolitic cavities are common in the seriate-textured granite. Zone 4, which forms the central part of the complex, consists of fine- to medium-grained biotite granite and locally developed leucogranite. Small miarolitic cavities are common within it. \r\n\r\nEight textural facies have been defined within the complex, and mineralogic, petrographic, modal, and chemical variations are broadly systematic within the facies sequence. Study of these variations shows that the gradational facies of zones l and 2 systematically shift toward more mafic compositions inward within the complex. Seriate-textured rocks of zone 3 are similar in composition to those of zone 2, but porphyritic rocks of zone 3 and rocks of zone 4 mark shifts to more felsic compositions. These late-crystallizing felsic rocks are products of an interior residual magma system. This system was enriched in water and certain trace elements including tin, lithium, niobium, lead, and zinc. The complex as a whole has higher concentrations of these elements than many other granites. The nature of this geochemical specialization is particularly well demonstrated by the trace-element composition of biotite.\r\n\r\nThe crystallization history of the pluton was complex. The available data suggest that this history could have included: (1) chilling and metasomatic alteration adjacent to the contact, (2) in-situ crystallization in several marginal facies accompanied by some transfer of residual constituents toward interior parts of the pluton, (3) slight upward displacement of magma that was subjacent to the crystallized walls, accompanied by disequilibrium crystallization and local vapor saturation, (4) upward displacement of part of the residual water-rich interior magma, accompanied by rapid loss of a separated vapor phase, and (5) displacement of the margins of the pluton by normal faults, accompanied by loss of an exsolved vapor phase from th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7735","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T., 1977, Genesis of a zoned granite stock, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-35, xv, 188 p. :ill., maps (1 fold. in pocket) ; scale 1:31,680; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7735.","productDescription":"xv, 188 p. :ill., maps (1 fold. in pocket) ; scale 1:31,680; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48947,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0035/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48948,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"31680","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Travis","contributorId":90282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4302,"text":"cir750 - 1977 - Geological studies on the COST No. B-2 well, U. S. Mid-Atlantic outer continental shelf area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"750","title":"Geological studies on the COST No. B-2 well, U. S. Mid-Atlantic outer continental shelf area","docAbstract":"The COST No. B-2 well is the first deep stratigraphic test to be drilled on the United States Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (AOCS) area. The well was drilled on the eastern flank of the Baltimore Canyon trough to a total depth of 16,043 feet; it penetrated a section composed almost entirely of sand and shale with subordinate amounts of limestone, coal, and lignite. Biostratigraphic studies have shown that the uppermost 5,000 feet is of Tertiary and Quaternary age and was deposited in nonmarine to deep marine environments. The Upper Cretaceous section is about 3,000 feet thick and is of dominantly shallow marine origin. The basal 8,000 feet of sediment has been tentatively determined to be entirely of Early Cretaceous age, the basal sediments being dated as Berriasian. This Lower Cretaceous section is primarily nonmarine to very shallow marine in origin. \r\n\r\nExamination of cores, well cuttings, and electric logs shows that thick potential reservoir sands are found through much of the section. However, porosity and permeability decrease strikingly in the deeper parts of the Lower Cretaceous section as a result of compaction and cementation. Most of the sands are quite feldspathic, and progressive decomposition of feldspar stimulates authigenic clay and silica formation. \r\n\r\nStudies of color alteration of visible organic matter, organic geochemistry, and vitrinite reflectance show that although many units have high organic-carbon contents, moderately low geothermal gradients may have retarded thermal maturation. This, in conjunction with the scarcity of marine-derived organic matter in the lower part of the section, suggests a relatively low potential for the generation of liquid hydrocarbons. However, the overall combination of source beds, reservoirs, seals, structures, and thermal gradients may be favorable for the generation and entrapment of natural gas. \r\n\r\nFurthermore, the presence of reservoir rocks, seals, and trapping structures may indicate a significant potential for entrapment of either natural gas or petroleum that was generated deeper in the basin and then migrated either laterally or vertically.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir750","usgsCitation":"Scholle, P.A., 1977, Geological studies on the COST No. B-2 well, U. S. Mid-Atlantic outer continental shelf area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 750, iv, 71 p. :ill., map ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir750.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill., map ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0750/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0750/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholle, Peter A.","contributorId":48954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4229,"text":"cir739 - 1977 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the McCarthy Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"739","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the McCarthy Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The McCarthy 1? by 3? quadrangle, in eastern south-central Alaska, contains potentially significant resources of copper and possibly of a few other commodities. This circular and a companion folio of maps represent results of integrated field and laboratory studies in the disciplines of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and satellite imagery that are designed to provide a modern mineral resource assessment of the quadrangle. The maps are accompanied by descriptive texts, explanatory material, pertinent references, and by a few auxiliary tables and diagrams. This circular provides background information for the mineral resource assessment and integrates the component maps. It also includes a master list of references (see 'Bibliography') relevant to the geology and mineral deposits of the quadrangle.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nDept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Branch of Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir739","usgsCitation":"MacKevett, E., Albert, N.R., Barnes, D., Case, J.E., Robinson, K., and Singer, D., 1977, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the McCarthy Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 739, iii, 23 p. :maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir739.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p. :maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKevett, E. M.","contributorId":32910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albert, N. R. D.","contributorId":63789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Keith","contributorId":80277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":4133,"text":"cir747 - 1977 - Environmental geology, Allegheny County and vicinity, Pennsylvania: Description of a program and its results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T22:56:31.236756","indexId":"cir747","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"747","title":"Environmental geology, Allegheny County and vicinity, Pennsylvania: Description of a program and its results","docAbstract":"

Past land-use practices, including mining, in Allegheny County, Pa., have resulted in three principal environmental problems, exclusive of air and water contamination. They are flooding, landsliding, and subsidence over underground mines. In 1973, information was most complete relative to flooding and least complete relative to landsliding.

Accordingly, in July 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) entered into an agreement by which the USGS undertook studies chiefly aimed at increasing knowledge of landsliding and mine subsidence relative to land use, but having other ramifications as well, as part of a larger ARC 'Land-use and physical-resource analysis' (LUPRA) program. The chief geographic focus was Allegheny County, but adjacent areas were included in some investigations.

Resulting products, exclusive of this report, are:

1. Forty-three provisional maps of landslide, distribution and susceptibility and of land modified by man in Allegheny County, 1:24,000 scale, 7½ -minute quadrangle format, released to open files.

2. Four USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies (MF) maps of Allegheny County showing (a) bedrock, MF685A; (b) susceptibility to landsliding, MF-685B ; (c) coal-mining features, MF-685C; and (d) zones that can be affected by flooding, landsliding and undermining, MF-685D; all at the scale of 1:50,000.

3. Two MF maps showing coal-mining activity and related information and sites of recorded mine-subsidence events, and one MF map classifying land surface by relative potentiality of mine subsidence, in Allegheny, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties, Pa., at a scale of 1:125,000--MF-693A through MF-693C.

4. A companion report to the Allegheny County map of susceptibility to landsliding--USGS Circular 728.

5. Five MF maps, largely in chart form, describing interaction of the shallow ground-water regime with mining-related problems, landsliding, heavy storm precipitation, and other features and processes, largely in Allegheny County--MF-641A through MF-641E.

Map products are directly applicable to general classification of land for susceptibility to landsliding and mine subsidence and, to a lesser extent, flooding and engineering characteristics. The hydrogeologic charts enable greater understanding of environmental effects of ground water. All products are guides to expected conditions, but none are substitutes for detailed investigations of specific sites by competent technical personnel on the ground.

Specific results and findings are:

1. Knowledge of .susceptibility to landsliding in Allegheny County now is adequate for application to countywide land-use planning.

2. About 110 mi2 (285. km2), or 15 percent, of the county has some significant degree of susceptibility to landsliding.

3. Although a general classification of land in Allegheny, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties relative to mine-subsidence incidents was prepared, data are wholly inadequate for even moderately precise prediction of subsidence events over previously mined-out areas; the accumulation of adequate data might not repay the effort in terms of damage prevention.

4. Commonwealth-of-Pennsylvania regulations, have been very successful in limiting mine-subsidence damage over areas mined after 1966.

5. Undermining and consequent subsidence may have affected the ground-water regime more widely than heretofore believed.

Except for the earth-disturbance inventory that resulted in the maps of susceptibility to landsliding and man-modified land, methods used in the studies largely were conventional. The inventory and ensuing analysis combined aerial photographic interpretation with field work and incorporation of existing data. The method worked very well for the purposes of defining distribution of landslides and areas having different susceptibilities to landsliding. However, if susceptibility to landsliding alone had been the goal, this could have been determined adequately by using photographs at smaller scales and appreciably less expenditure of effort per unit of ground area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/cir747","usgsCitation":"Briggs, R.P., 1977, Environmental geology, Allegheny County and vicinity, Pennsylvania: Description of a program and its results: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 747, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir747.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410830,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23801.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0747/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0747/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Allegheny County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.1496,40.6758],[-80.1059,40.6754],[-80.058,40.6755],[-79.9931,40.674],[-79.9901,40.675],[-79.9858,40.6742],[-79.964,40.6728],[-79.9149,40.6737],[-79.9021,40.6731],[-79.8797,40.6726],[-79.8652,40.6728],[-79.8512,40.6726],[-79.8427,40.6724],[-79.8293,40.6712],[-79.8136,40.6724],[-79.8003,40.6722],[-79.7978,40.6723],[-79.7499,40.6699],[-79.7238,40.6691],[-79.708,40.6684],[-79.6995,40.6686],[-79.6929,40.6696],[-79.6929,40.6687],[-79.6935,40.6682],[-79.6946,40.6668],[-79.6957,40.6632],[-79.6957,40.6618],[-79.6944,40.6591],[-79.6931,40.6569],[-79.6925,40.656],[-79.6912,40.6537],[-79.6905,40.6524],[-79.6899,40.6501],[-79.6892,40.6488],[-79.6891,40.6451],[-79.6897,40.6438],[-79.6908,40.6406],[-79.6919,40.6378],[-79.6925,40.6374],[-79.696,40.6337],[-79.6966,40.6328],[-79.6972,40.6319],[-79.6978,40.6309],[-79.6995,40.6291],[-79.7061,40.6254],[-79.709,40.6235],[-79.7114,40.6221],[-79.7132,40.6202],[-79.7149,40.6175],[-79.7155,40.6166],[-79.7166,40.6147],[-79.7178,40.6129],[-79.7237,40.6073],[-79.732,40.6036],[-79.7332,40.6031],[-79.7344,40.6026],[-79.7356,40.6021],[-79.7368,40.6017],[-79.7458,40.5997],[-79.7476,40.5992],[-79.75,40.5987],[-79.7512,40.5982],[-79.7614,40.5944],[-79.7638,40.593],[-79.7644,40.5926],[-79.7656,40.5916],[-79.7662,40.5912],[-79.7708,40.5861],[-79.7714,40.5852],[-79.7725,40.5824],[-79.7731,40.5806],[-79.7737,40.5793],[-79.7736,40.5783],[-79.7741,40.5751],[-79.774,40.5702],[-79.7739,40.5693],[-79.7732,40.567],[-79.7726,40.5652],[-79.77,40.5603],[-79.7687,40.558],[-79.7648,40.5499],[-79.7607,40.5513],[-79.7522,40.5515],[-79.7413,40.5503],[-79.7406,40.5503],[-79.7376,40.5495],[-79.7352,40.5486],[-79.7345,40.5482],[-79.7302,40.546],[-79.7216,40.5411],[-79.7067,40.5296],[-79.7061,40.5287],[-79.7055,40.5278],[-79.7046,40.5201],[-79.7022,40.5002],[-79.7021,40.4789],[-79.7029,40.4653],[-79.7041,40.4439],[-79.7041,40.4262],[-79.7183,40.4156],[-79.7273,40.4131],[-79.7314,40.4103],[-79.7325,40.4058],[-79.7372,40.4002],[-79.7389,40.397],[-79.7437,40.3965],[-79.7455,40.3956],[-79.7495,40.391],[-79.7543,40.3886],[-79.7598,40.3903],[-79.7628,40.3912],[-79.7628,40.3889],[-79.765,40.3848],[-79.7662,40.3829],[-79.7704,40.3824],[-79.7744,40.3578],[-79.7856,40.31],[-79.7871,40.3009],[-79.7876,40.2977],[-79.7858,40.2969],[-79.7852,40.2964],[-79.7765,40.2898],[-79.7759,40.2889],[-79.7752,40.2871],[-79.7752,40.2862],[-79.7763,40.2848],[-79.7775,40.2839],[-79.7781,40.2834],[-79.7787,40.2829],[-79.7799,40.2825],[-79.7811,40.282],[-79.7823,40.282],[-79.7889,40.2823],[-79.7919,40.2822],[-79.7925,40.2822],[-79.7943,40.2817],[-79.7966,40.279],[-79.7966,40.2772],[-79.7965,40.2758],[-79.7927,40.2695],[-79.7902,40.2668],[-79.7896,40.2659],[-79.7884,40.2646],[-79.7883,40.2619],[-79.7888,40.2601],[-79.7894,40.2596],[-79.7917,40.2578],[-79.7923,40.2573],[-79.7987,40.2477],[-79.8009,40.244],[-79.8068,40.2384],[-79.8054,40.233],[-79.7993,40.2304],[-79.7848,40.2284],[-79.7991,40.2227],[-79.8187,40.216],[-79.8402,40.2083],[-79.864,40.1997],[-79.8711,40.1973],[-79.8765,40.1972],[-79.8867,40.1961],[-79.8903,40.196],[-79.8951,40.1955],[-79.9091,40.1984],[-79.9164,40.201],[-79.9201,40.2032],[-79.9359,40.2088],[-79.9414,40.21],[-79.9585,40.2165],[-79.9646,40.2205],[-79.9678,40.2249],[-79.9709,40.229],[-79.9704,40.2317],[-79.9699,40.2344],[-79.9617,40.2396],[-79.9521,40.2411],[-79.9455,40.2417],[-79.9335,40.2438],[-79.9269,40.2453],[-79.924,40.2476],[-79.9157,40.2532],[-79.9377,40.2605],[-79.9706,40.2703],[-79.9992,40.2788],[-80.0339,40.2894],[-80.0406,40.2911],[-80.0736,40.3018],[-80.0802,40.303],[-80.0985,40.3085],[-80.1815,40.3344],[-80.1965,40.3464],[-80.2295,40.3733],[-80.2469,40.387],[-80.2769,40.4131],[-80.315,40.4445],[-80.3587,40.4798],[-80.3417,40.4929],[-80.3323,40.4999],[-80.2976,40.5252],[-80.2811,40.5365],[-80.2682,40.5454],[-80.2576,40.5529],[-80.2505,40.558],[-80.234,40.5692],[-80.2287,40.573],[-80.2264,40.5758],[-80.2205,40.5818],[-80.2176,40.5837],[-80.2152,40.5837],[-80.211,40.5847],[-80.2104,40.5856],[-80.2093,40.5879],[-80.2057,40.5907],[-80.201,40.594],[-80.1963,40.5968],[-80.1909,40.5997],[-80.1886,40.6011],[-80.1856,40.603],[-80.1839,40.6066],[-80.1822,40.6089],[-80.1786,40.6104],[-80.1738,40.61],[-80.1659,40.6093],[-80.1641,40.6097],[-80.1635,40.6107],[-80.1605,40.6116],[-80.1545,40.6122],[-80.1527,40.6136],[-80.1503,40.6146],[-80.1461,40.616],[-80.1486,40.6496],[-80.1494,40.6704],[-80.1496,40.6758]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Allegheny\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Reginald Peter","contributorId":78723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10891,"text":"ofr77276 - 1977 - Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10891,"text":"ofr77276 - 1977 - Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California","indexId":"ofr77276","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2612,"text":"wsp2050 - 1978 - Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California","indexId":"wsp2050","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2612,"text":"wsp2050 - 1978 - Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California","indexId":"wsp2050","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:25","indexId":"ofr77276","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-276","title":"Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77276","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1977, Application of digital profile modeling techniques to ground-water solute transport at Barstow, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-276, v, 56 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77276.","productDescription":"v, 56 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11679,"text":"ofr77601 - 1977 - Study results of 9 sites used by off-road vehicles that illustrate land modifications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr77601","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-601","title":"Study results of 9 sites used by off-road vehicles that illustrate land modifications","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77601","usgsCitation":"Wilshire, H.G., 1977, Study results of 9 sites used by off-road vehicles that illustrate land modifications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-601, iii, 19 p. :ill. ;30 cm.; (19 p., 21 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77601.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :ill. ;30 cm.; (19 p., 21 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0601/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39552,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0601/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699caf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilshire, Howard Gordon","contributorId":102479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11697,"text":"ofr77882 - 1977 - Simulated changes in ground-water levels resulting from proposed phosphate mining, west-central Florida; preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:35","indexId":"ofr77882","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-882","title":"Simulated changes in ground-water levels resulting from proposed phosphate mining, west-central Florida; preliminary results","docAbstract":"A digital model of two-dimensional ground-water flow was used to simulate projected changes in the Floridan aquifer potentiometric surface in 1985 and 2000, resulting from proposed ground-water developments by the phosphate mining industry in west-central Florida. The .model was calibrated under steady-state conditions to simulate the September 1975 potentiometric surface. Under one development plan, existing phosphate mines in Polk County would continue to withdraw ground water at 1975 rates, until phased out as the ore is depleted; no new mines would be introduced. Preliminary results indicate that under this plan, maximum simulated recovery of the potentiometric surface is 11.9 feet by 1985 and 36.5 feet by 2000. Under an alternative plan, all proposed mines in Polk, Hardee, DeSoto, Hillsborough and Manatee Counties would begin operations: in addition to the continuation and phasing out of existing mines. Preliminary results indicate that the potentiometric surface would generally recover in Polk County and decline elsewhere in the modeled area. Maximum simulated recovery is 4.5 feet by 1985 and 29.6 feet by 2000; maximum simulated drawdown is 15.1 feet by 1985 and feet by 2000. All results are preliminary and subject to revision as the investigation continues.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77882","usgsCitation":"Wilson, W.E., 1977, Simulated changes in ground-water levels resulting from proposed phosphate mining, west-central Florida; preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-882, vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77882.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0882/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0882/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, William Edward","contributorId":82321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11778,"text":"ofr77272 - 1977 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr77272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-272","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"A program to study the engineering geology of most larger Alaska coastal communities and to evaluate their earthquake and other geologic hazards was started following the 1964 Alaska earthquake; this report about the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, is a product of that program. Field-study methods were of a reconnaissance nature, and thus the interpretations in the report are tentative. \r\n\r\nLandscape of the Metlakatla Peninsula, on which the city of Metlakatla is located, is characterized by a muskeg-covered terrane of very low relief. In contrast, most of the rest of Annette Island is composed of mountainous terrane with steep valleys and numerous lakes. During the Pleistocene Epoch the Metlakatla area was presumably covered by ice several times; glaciers smoothed the present Metlakatla Peninsula and deeply eroded valleys on the rest. of Annette Island. The last major deglaciation was completed probably before 10,000 years ago. Rebound of the earth's crust, believed to be related to glacial melting, has caused land emergence at Metlakatla of at least 50 ft (15 m) and probably more than 200 ft (61 m) relative to present sea level.\r\n\r\nBedrock in the Metlakatla area is composed chiefly of hard metamorphic rocks: greenschist and greenstone with minor hornfels and schist. Strike and dip of beds are generally variable and minor offsets are common. Bedrock is of late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic age. Six types of surficial geologic materials of Quaternary age were recognized: firm diamicton, emerged shore, modern shore and delta, and alluvial deposits, very soft muskeg and other organic deposits, and firm to soft artificial fill. A combination map unit is composed of bedrock or diamicton. Geologic structure in southeastern Alaska is complex because, since at least early Paleozoic time, there have been several cycles of tectonic deformation that affected different parts of the region. Southeastern Alaska is transected by numerous faults and possible faults that attest to major movements of the earth's crust. The latest of the major tectonic events in the Metlakatla region occurred in middle Tertiary time; some minor fault activity probably continues today at depth. Along the outer coast of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia, major faulting activity occurs in the form of active, strike-slip movement along the Queen Charlotte fault about 100 mi (160 kin) west-southwest of Metlakatla. Some branching subsidiary faults also may be active, at least one of which may be the Sandspit fault. \r\n\r\nMany major and smaller earthquakes occur along the outer coast. These shocks are related to movements along the Queen Charlotte fault. A few small earthquakes occur in the region between the outer coast and the Coast Mountains, which includes Metlakatla. 0nly a few earthquakes have been reported as felt at Metlakatla; these shocks and others felt in the region are tabulated. Historically, the closest major earthquake was the magnitude 8.1 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake of August 22, 1949, which occurred along the Queen Charlotte fault 125 mi (200 km) southwest of Metlakatla. No damage was reported at Metlakatla. The probability of destructive earthquakes affecting Metlakatla is unknown. A consideration of the tectonics and earthquake history of the region, however, suggests that sometime in the future an earthquake with a magnitude of about 8 will occur along that segment of the Queen Charlotte fault nearest to Metlakatla. Smaller earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 or more might occur elsewhere in the Metlakatla region or south-southeastward near Dixon Entrance or Hecate Strait. \r\n\r\nSeveral geologic effects that have characterized large earthquakes elsewh6re may be expected to accompany some of the possible major earthquakes that might affect the Metlakatla area in the future. Evaluation of effects indicates that fault displacement and tectonic uplift or subsidence are probably unlikely, and ground shaking in general probably would be strongest","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77272","usgsCitation":"Yehle, L.A., 1977, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-272, iv, 93 p. :maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.; (2 sheets, scale 1:9,600; 2 sheets, scale 1:25,000 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77272.","productDescription":"iv, 93 p. :maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.; (2 sheets, scale 1:9,600; 2 sheets, scale 1:25,000 - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95023,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-01.pdf","size":"494","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95024,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-02.pdf","size":"674","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95025,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-03.pdf","size":"542","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95026,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-04.pdf","size":"906","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95027,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-05.pdf","size":"1561","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95028,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-06.pdf","size":"441","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95029,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-07.pdf","size":"542","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95030,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-08.pdf","size":"305","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95031,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-09.pdf","size":"285","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95032,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-10.pdf","size":"224","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"9600","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6442c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":163717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11808,"text":"ofr77744 - 1977 - Uranium mobility during interaction of rhyolitic glass with alkaline solutions: dissolution of glass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr77744","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-744","title":"Uranium mobility during interaction of rhyolitic glass with alkaline solutions: dissolution of glass","docAbstract":"This report concerns investigations designed to identify the important physical and chemical parameters influencing the rate of release of uranium from glass shards of rhyolitic air-fall ash. Oxidizing, silica undersaturated, alkaline solutions are eluted through a column of rhyolitic glass shards at a carefully controlled temperature, pressure, and flow rate. The solutions are monitored for the concentration of uranium and selected additional elements (Si, K, Li, F), and the glass is recovered and examined for physical and/or chemical evidence of attack. The flushing mode is designed to mimic leaching of glass shards by intermittent, near-surface waters with which the glass is not in equilibrium. \r\n\r\nReported rates are applicable only to the experimental conditions (120?C, 7,000 psi), but it is assumed that the reaction mechanisms and the relative importance of rate-influencing parameters remain unchanged, at reduced temperature and pressure. Results of the above experiment indicate that silica and uranium are released from glass shards at comparable rates, while lithium and potassium are released faster and fluorine slower than either Si or U. Rates of release of silica and uranium correlate positively with the surface area of the shards. Rhyolitic shards release uranium at faster rates than rhyodacitic shards of comparable surface area. Changes in the shards resulting from experimental treatment and observed in the original glass separates from an Oligocene ash (compared to a Pleistocene ash) include; surface pitting, increased surface area, devitrification rinds (<1l micron wide) and reduced lithium contents. Future investigations will study the effect of temperature, pressure, solution composition, and flow rate on the relative mobility of U, Si, Li, F, and K.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77744","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., 1977, Uranium mobility during interaction of rhyolitic glass with alkaline solutions: dissolution of glass: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-744, 36, [5] leaves of plates :ill. ;28 cm.; (41 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77744.","productDescription":"36, [5] leaves of plates :ill. ;28 cm.; (41 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0744/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39701,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0744/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60541a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":163765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10058,"text":"ofr78611 - 1977 - Channel erosion surveys along the TAPS route, Alaska, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr78611","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-611","title":"Channel erosion surveys along the TAPS route, Alaska, 1977","docAbstract":"Channel surveys were made along the trans-Alaska pipeline system (TAPS) route during 1977 at the same 28 sites that were studied in 1976. In addition, a new site at pipeline mile 22 near Deadhorse (alignment No 134) along the Sagavanirktok River was put under surveillance. Except for changes wrought by the completion of construction, most of the sites showed very little change. Significant events include virtual completion of all construction activities along the pipeline, the pipeline startup , and the breakup flood along the Sagavanirktok River which breached many river-training structures. In general, 1977 saw heavy flooding on streams draining the north and south slopes of the Brooks Range and only moderate flooding on streams further south. Aerial photogrammetric surveys were used again in 1977 on the same seven sites as in 1976. Results document the applicability of the method for channel erosion studies. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78611","usgsCitation":"Loeffler, R.M., and Childers, J.M., 1977, Channel erosion surveys along the TAPS route, Alaska, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-611, vi, 88 p. :ill. (some fold.), maps (some fold.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78611.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p. :ill. (some fold.), maps (some fold.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37908,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37909,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37910,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37911,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37912,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37913,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37914,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37915,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37916,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37917,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37918,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37919,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37920,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0611/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e62f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeffler, Robert M.","contributorId":80672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeffler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10854,"text":"ofr77150 - 1977 - A brief investigation of the surface-water hydrology of Yemen Arab Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-26T09:10:54","indexId":"ofr77150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-150","title":"A brief investigation of the surface-water hydrology of Yemen Arab Republic","docAbstract":"Yemen, near the southwest tip of the Arabian Peninsula, is a mountainous country bordered by a desert on the east and a coastal plain on the west. Rainfall is low and seasonal; consequently, most streams (wadis) are ephemeral. The natural flow regimens of many of the smaller wadis are modified by terracing for agriculture. The only streamflow data available in Yemen are short records on four large wadis. A brief field investigation and application of reconnaissance techniques are the bases for the largely qualitative description of the hydrology, and for the proposal to collect streamflow data needed for orderly development of the expanding economy. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77150","usgsCitation":"Riggs, H.C., 1977, A brief investigation of the surface-water hydrology of Yemen Arab Republic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-150, iv, 37 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77150.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0150/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Yemen","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497ae4b0b290850ef37d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, Henry Chiles","contributorId":44129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Chiles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25884,"text":"wri76115 - 1977 - Water resources of the Maunabo Valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T19:16:01.315585","indexId":"wri76115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-115","title":"Water resources of the Maunabo Valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Maunabo Valley, in southestern Puerto Rico, consists of a 3.5-square-mile alluvial plain surrounded by hills of metavolcanic and igneous intrusive rocks. The principal source of ground water in the basin is a shallow unconfined aquifer in the valley alluvium. Continuous pumping of the shallow aquifer has induced the flow of saltwater and has caused the chloride concentration to increase from about 30 to 540 milligrams per liter in the lower part of the valley. A study from January 1971 to December 1974 indicated that the hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer materials, in the basin, are less than 1 foot per day for the metavolcanic and igneous rocks. Estimated conductivities range from 10 to 100 feet per day for the alluvium. The average transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer is estimated to be 4,000 feet squared per day and the average specific capacity is 20 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. In December 1974, the alluvial aquifer contained an estimated 10 ,000 acre-feet of water in recoverable storage. The data suggest that water supplies to meet future needs could be supplemented by the construction of surface-water-control structures and additional wells. Analysis of a digital simulation model suggests that wells be located in the upper reaches of the alluvial aquifer where a sustained yield of 3,000 gallons per minute could be obtained. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri76115","usgsCitation":"Adolphson, D.G., Seijo, M., and Robison, T.M., 1977, Water resources of the Maunabo Valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-115, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76115.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466133,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49082.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Maunabo Valley, Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.9892,\n 18.067\n ],\n [\n -65.9892,\n 17.9833\n ],\n [\n -65.875,\n 17.9833\n ],\n [\n -65.875,\n 18.067\n ],\n [\n -65.9892,\n 18.067\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adolphson, D. G.","contributorId":106081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adolphson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seijo, M.A.","contributorId":33317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seijo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robison, Tully M.","contributorId":77969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"Tully","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25888,"text":"wri7715 - 1977 - Geology and ground-water in western Santa Cruz County, California, with particular emphasis on the Santa Margarita Sandstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T07:26:35","indexId":"wri7715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-15","title":"Geology and ground-water in western Santa Cruz County, California, with particular emphasis on the Santa Margarita Sandstone","docAbstract":"The water-bearing potential of the geologic formations in the western part of Santa Cruz County, Calif., is evaluated. Most of the sedimentary formations in this area are fine-grained rocks of Tertiary age that have been folded and faulted. These rocks, in general, yield supplies of water sufficient only for individual domestic supplies. The Lompico and Santa Margarita Sandstones, however, are coarser grained and have the potential to yield moderate quantities of water (50-100 gallons per minute). Areas where the Lompico Sandstone might warrant explorations are (1) near and on the west side of the Ben Lomond fault, (2) near and south of the outcrop of the Lompico Sandstone between Ben Lomond and Felton, and (3) in the area near Bald Mountain School. The Santa Margarita Sandstone should be explored by test drilling in the area between Davenport and Bonnie Doon. The quality of ground water is generally good, although saline water occurs in the San Lorenzo Formation near Redwood Grove and Riverside Grove. 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