The city of Cortland, New York, and surrounding areas obtain water from the highly productive glacial-outwash aquifer underlying the Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin. Pumpage from the aquifer in 1976 was approximately 6.3 million gallons per day and is expected to increase as a result of population growth and urbanization. A digital ground-water model that uses a finite-difference approximation technique to solve partial differential equations of flow through a porous medium was used to simulate the movement of water within the aquifer. The model was calibrated to equilibrium conditions by comparing water levels measured in the aquifer in March 1976 with those computed by the model. Then, from the simulated water-level surface for March, a transient-condition run was made to simulate the surface as measured in September 1976. Computed water levels presented as contours are generally in close agreement with potentiometric-surface maps prepared from field measurements of March and September 1976.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7871","usgsCitation":"Cosner, O.J., and Harsh, J.F., 1978, Digital-model simulation of the glacial-outwash aquifer, Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-71, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7871.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413775,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35265.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cortland County","otherGeospatial":"Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.167,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.167,\n 42.617\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.617\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.167,\n 42.542\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosner, O. J.","contributorId":19587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harsh, J. F.","contributorId":77535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30417,"text":"wri7846 - 1978 - Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri7846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-46","title":"Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The digital model used to simulate ground-water flow in the aquifer system in the basin drained by Piceance and Yellow Creeks in northwestern Colorado is described in detail. The model is quasi three-dimensional in that it simulates ground-water flow in a multiaquifer system by assuming horizontal flow in the aquifers and vertical flow through the confining layers separating the aquifers. The model uses the iterative alternating-direction implicit procedure to solve the finite-difference flow equations. The digital model is documented by a program listing and flow charts. Data used in the model and sample output are presented to document the simulation of steady-state flow in the aquifer system. The variables used in the computer program and program options are discussed in detail. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7846","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1978, Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-46, iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7846.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30418,"text":"wri7870 - 1978 - Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T14:02:30","indexId":"wri7870","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-70","title":"Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Ogallala Formation and associated Tertiary and Quarternary deposits form the principal aquifers supporting irrigation in the High Plains of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The volume of water in storage within the aquifers is declining in most of the High Plains because water is being withdrawn in excess of the rate of replenishment. The U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a 5-year study of the High Plains aquifer system to develop the geohydrologic data base and computer models of the ground-water flow system needed to evaluate the response of the aquifer,system to ground-water management alternatives. This report describes the objectives, plan, and organization of the study and outlines the work to be accomplished in each state in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7870","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1978, Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-70, iii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7870.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30804,"text":"ofr781002 - 1978 - Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon wilderness study area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30804,"text":"ofr781002 - 1978 - Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon wilderness study area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon","indexId":"ofr781002","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon wilderness study area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":33363,"text":"b1538 - 1984 - Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon Wilderness Study Area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon","indexId":"b1538","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon Wilderness Study Area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":33363,"text":"b1538 - 1984 - Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon Wilderness Study Area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon","indexId":"b1538","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon Wilderness Study Area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-27T21:36:44.563081","indexId":"ofr781002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1002","title":"Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon wilderness study area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"A mineral survey of the Charles Sheldon wilderness study area, located in Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon was conducted in 1974 and 1975 (fig. 1A, 1B, 1C). The mineral resource potential was evaluated by geological, geochemical, and geophysical studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, and by the examination of mines, prospects, and other mineralized localities by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The investigation identified several areas of significant mineral potential within the study area which includes the Charles Sheldon Antelope Range and the Sheldon National Antelope Refuge (fig. 1B). The Virgin Valley area contains reserves of precious opal, small quantities of decorative building stone, and low-grade uranium resources. The investigation indicates that there are several areas of potential for the discovery at depth of mercury and for base and complex precious metal sulfide deposits within the study area. Reservoir temperatures, estimated from the analysis of thermal springs, suggest that the area has low-to-moderate potential for geothermal resources. The potential for oil, gas, or coal is very low.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781002","usgsCitation":"Cathrall, J.B., Greene, R.C., Plouff, D., Siems, D.F., Crenshaw, G.L., Cooley, E., Techek, E., Johnson, F., and Conyac, M., 1978, Mineral resources of the Charles Sheldon wilderness study area, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1002, Report: xi, 145 p.; 5 Plates: 37.28 x 40.52 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781002.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 145 p.; 5 Plates: 37.28 x 40.52 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412415,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412414,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412413,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412416,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1002/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Oregon","county":"Lake County, Harney County, Humboldt County, Washoe County","otherGeospatial":"Charles Sheldon wilderness study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -118.661,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -118.661,\n 42.033\n ],\n [\n -119.75,\n 42.033\n ],\n [\n -119.75,\n 41.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69adfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathrall, John B.","contributorId":26668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathrall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, R. C.","contributorId":88347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crenshaw, G. L.","contributorId":79851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooley, E.F.","contributorId":83072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Techek, E.T.","contributorId":40852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Techek","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, F.J.","contributorId":77791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Conyac, M. D.","contributorId":94667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conyac","given":"M. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":28452,"text":"wri7813 - 1978 - An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri7813","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-13","title":"An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A method for estimating temperatures of streams in the Green River basin, Wyoming, utilizes a regional model for estimating mean daily temperatures of streams at unmeasured sites. The regional model was developed by describing annual temperature patterns at 43 measured sites and by applying the harmonic function T = M + A -sin (0.0172 t + C)- where: T is mean daily temperature; M, A, and C are harmonic coefficients calculated from data for each stream-temperature station; and t is the day of the water year. Application of the equation for estimating temperatures at unmeasured sites requires regionalized estimates of M, A, and C. Regional estimates were developed with the aid of multiple-regression techniques, whereby the calculated harmonic coefficients were regressed against physical and climatic characteristics of the stream-temperature stations. Stream elevation was a significant factor affecting water temperature. Analysis of areal and temporal variations in temperature showed that springs, irrigation return flows, and reservoir storage were affecting reaches of several major streams. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7813","usgsCitation":"Lowham, H., 1978, An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-13, vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7813.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68586a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28419,"text":"wri7875 - 1978 - Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:12:14","indexId":"wri7875","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-75","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"The need for accurate information regarding the transit losses and traveltimes associated with releases from Pueblo Reservoir has been stimulated by construction of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Fryingpan-Arkansas Project and a proposed winter-water storage program in Pueblo Reservoir. To meet this need, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District, studied the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, a distance of 142 river miles.
The volumes of reservoir releases are decreased or delayed during tran-sit by bank storage, channel storage, and evaporation. Results from a com-puter model, calibrated by a controlled-test release from Pueblo Reservoir, indicate transit losses are greatest for small releases of short duration that are made during periods of low antecedent streamflow. For equivalent releases, transit losses during the winter are about 7 percent less than losses during the summer.
Based on available streamflow records, the traveltime of reservoir releases in the study reach ranges from about 1.67 hours per mile at the downstream end of the study reach when antecedent streamflow is 10 cubic feet per second, to about 0.146 hour per mile at the upstream end of the study reach when antecedent streamflow is 3,000 cubic feet per second. Consequently, the traveltime of a release increases as antecedent streamflow diminishes.
Management practices that may be used to benefit water users in the study area include selection of the optimum time, rate, and duration of a reservoir release to minimize the transit losses, determination of an accurate traveltime, and diversion at several incremental rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7875","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1978, Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-75, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7875.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0075/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -102.7606201171875,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -102.7606201171875,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 37.9051994823157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f129c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29734,"text":"wri7893 - 1978 - Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:23:02","indexId":"wri7893","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-93","title":"Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware","docAbstract":"A flood-estimating method is presented which applies to drainage basins in Delaware without urban development and covers selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 100 years. The method was developed by multiple-regression techniques. The State is divided into two regions and sets of equations for calculating peak discharges based on physical basin characteristics are provided for each region. The boundary between regions generally corresponds with the division between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces. In the northern region, flood-peak discharges were related to basin drainage area and storage. In the southern region, flood peaks were related to drainage area, slope, storage, forest cover, and two composite soil categories. Standard errors of estimate for the regression equations in the northern region ranged from 30 to 39 percent. For the southern region, the standard errors of estimate varied from 38 to 40 percent. Without using the two soil parameters in the southern region, the standard errors of estimate varied from 57 to 70 percent. Annual flood peaks, basin characteristics, and flood-frequency distributions are tabulated for the 60-gaged sites used in the regression analysis. At 23 of these sites, a rainfall-runoff model generated additional flood-peak data which were used in defining the flood-frequency distributions. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7893","usgsCitation":"Simmons, R., and Carpenter, D., 1978, Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-93, Report: iv, 69 p.; 3 Plates: 41.54 x 37.12 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7893.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 69 p.; 3 Plates: 41.54 x 37.12 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369133,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369134,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369135,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369136,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 38.436379603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, R.H.","contributorId":19982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, D.H.","contributorId":34551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36860,"text":"fwsobs78_19 - 1978 - Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs78_19","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/19","title":"Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Parrish, J., 1978, Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report: FWS/OBS 78/19, pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29276,"text":"wri7868 - 1978 - Comparison of the radioactive and modified techniques for measurement of stream reaeration coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:37:07","indexId":"wri7868","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-68","title":"Comparison of the radioactive and modified techniques for measurement of stream reaeration coefficients","docAbstract":"The radioactive and modified tracer techniques were used to measure the reaeration coefficients of two reaches each of Black Earth Creek and the Madison Effluent Channel near Madison, Wis. Comparison of the results showed that coefficients measured with the modified technique ranged from -8.96 to +3.61 and from +15.7 to +32.2 percent different from the coefficient measured with the radioactive tracer technique on the two reaches of Black Earth Creek. The larger coefficients measured with the modified technique on the second reach were attributed to increased wind conditions during the latter part of the modified-technique experiment. Interpretation of the results of the Madison Effluent Channel study was complicated by an unsteady flow condition during the modified-technique experiment. It was necessary to estimate the part of the reduction in the area under the dye concentration-versus-time curve that was the result of dye loss and the part that was the result of the increase in water discharge. Using these estimated values, the coefficients measured with the modified technique ranged from +25.3 to +57.9 and from -4.74 to +2.94 percent different from the coefficient measured with the radioactive technique on the two reaches of the Madison Effluent Channel.
\nReaeration coefficients were predicted for the 4 stream reaches with 19 predictive equations from the literature. The range of the predicted coefficients for each of the reaches varied from about a 6-fold range for the first reach of the Madison Effluent Channel to an almost 11-fold range for the second reach of Black Earth Creek.
\nThere are advantages and disadvantages to both the radioactive and modified tracer techniques. The main advantage of the radioactive technique is that the tracer gas is chemically inert; the main disadvantage is that a radioactive isotope of the gas must be used to obtain the necessary analytical sensitivity. The main advantage of the modified technique is that radioactive tracers are not necessary; the main disadvantage is that the hydrocarbon tracer gases may be subject to biological degradation and sorption losses. Results of this comparison study suggest that the modified technique is a promising alternative to the use of radioactive tracers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7868","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Grant, R.S., 1978, Comparison of the radioactive and modified techniques for measurement of stream reaeration coefficients: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-68, vii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7868.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Madison, Mazomanie","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, R. Stephen","contributorId":83125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7526,"text":"ofr78801 - 1978 - A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:57:26.57247","indexId":"ofr78801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-801","title":"A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Geochemical sampling of a tier of eight 7 1/2-minute quadrangles bordered by latitudes 32° 45'and 33° 00' N. and longitudes 108° 00' and 108° 30' W. was begun in the fall of 1974 and continued seasonally until completion in the fall of 1976. These quadrangles are in southwest New Mexico and include the well-known mineral deposits of the Silver City area. The sampling was designed to gain semidetailed information on the metal-anomaly characteristics of the strongly mineralized area surrounding Silver City, New Mexico, and to seek geochemical clues for the continuation of these mineral deposits beneath overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks to the north.
The data obtained within areas of known mineral deposits provide information on the metallogenic processes and metal suites that both relate and distinguish metal systems. Evaluation of this information relative to the regional geologic framework and the distribution of known mineral deposits will result in the identification of additional target areas for exploration, as well as further our understanding of the geochemical characteristics of mineralized areas. Extrapolation of models developed from the study of areas of known, exposed mineralization to areas covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks, such as the northern part of this tier of quadrangles, is a promising procedure for continuing research into geochemical-anomaly characteristics of covered mineral deposits.
Preliminary interpretation of the data indicates that the southern part of the area in which Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks and mineral deposits are exposed, should be reassessed to the classification and genesis of some of the deposits and to the types of mineral commodities that may be present. Some wholly new exploration targets within these areas are also indicated by some of the data. In addition, geochemical clues to buried mineral deposits, possibly representing continuation northward of some features of the Silver City mining district, have been observed in data from the northern, Tertiary volcanic areas. The meanings of these clues are still speculative.
For this study, 917 stream-sediment and 921 stream-sediment concentrate samples were collected. The stream-sediment-concentrate samples, which consist of heavy minerals, were split into magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions, each of which was analyzed. This resulted in the analysis of 1,842 heavy-mineral and 917 sieved stream-sediment samples.
Analytical results for all of the sample types are summarized statistically on table 1 and tabulated in their entirety on table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78801","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.C., Hassemer, J., Siems, D.F., and Nishi, J.M., 1978, A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-801, i, 247 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78801.","productDescription":"i, 247 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Silver 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Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, K. C.","contributorId":49344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassemer, J.R.","contributorId":18761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishi, J. M.","contributorId":89886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishi","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20762,"text":"ofr78176 - 1978 - Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T20:25:47.485204","indexId":"ofr78176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-176","title":"Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for the Dead Sea area were reviewed to assess the probable magnitude and rate of change of the water level of the Dead Sea. Historical average annual Dead Sea levels range from a minimum of 399.4 meters below sea level in about 1818 to a maximum of 388.6 meters below in 1896. Present levels are rapidly approaching the historical low. There is a close correlation between Dead Sea level and accumulated departure from the mean of long-term rainfall except for the most recent period since 1964. During that period rainfall has been near the long-term average but water levels have continued to decline, in part due to abstractions for irrigation in the Jordan River basin.
The dissolved-solids concentration of Dead Sea water presently is approximately 322,000 milligrams per liter and is generally well mixed throughout. This concentration is at the saturation level, resulting in continuous precipitation of some salts. The increase in dissolved solids to the present high concentration has resulted in an evaporation rate less than that estimated in previous reports. Evaporation rate from the North Basin is estimated at 1,310 millimeters per year at present. The evaporation rate from the South Basin was not estimated due to extensive existing or planned modifications for mineral production facilities.
Water budget computations were performed at various inflow rates in order to project water-level changes for 50 years. Computations assumed closure of the South Basin by existing and proposed mineral extraction facilities. The projected 50-year changes ranged from a decline of 51 meters with no inflow from any sources to a rise of 10.2 meters when average annual inflow from the Jordan River was 750 cubic hectometers. An average annual inflow to the Sea of 900 cubic hectometers from all sources is required to stabilize the Sea at the present level. Principal impact of declining water levels on proposed potash production facilities in Jordan would be an increase in power requirements.
A cursory review of a proposed plan to divert water from the Mediterranean Sea into the Dead Sea to generate electric power and stabilize water levels indicates a very limited impact on chemical, physical, and ecological characteristics of the Dead Sea in the near future. Water-budget computations indicate that if all but 200 cubic hectometers of tributaries' waters were utilized for irrigation and other purposes, a maximum diversion of 700 cubic hectometers per year into the Dead Sea would be possible without significantly raising long-term average water levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Sauer, S.P., 1978, Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-176, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78176.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0176/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel, Jordan, West Bank","otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.36773681640625,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n 35.6011962890625,\n 30.954057859276126\n ],\n [\n 35.6011962890625,\n 31.826231907142883\n ],\n [\n 35.36773681640625,\n 31.826231907142883\n ],\n [\n 35.36773681640625,\n 30.954057859276126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Stanley P.","contributorId":38966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20781,"text":"ofr791088 - 1978 - Terrain-analysis procedures for modeling radar backscatter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr791088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1088","title":"Terrain-analysis procedures for modeling radar backscatter","docAbstract":"The collection and analysis of detailed information on the surface of natural terrain are important aspects of radar-backscattering modeling. Radar is especially sensitive to surface-relief changes in the millimeter- to-decimeter scale four conventional K-band (~1-cm wavelength) to L-band (~25-cm wavelength) radar systems. Surface roughness statistics that characterize these changes in detail have been generated by a comprehensive set of seven programmed calculations for radar-backscatter modeling from sets of field measurements. The seven programs are 1) formatting of data in readable form for subsequent topographic analysis program; 2) relief analysis; 3) power spectral analysis; 4) power spectrum plots; 5) slope angle between slope reversals; 6) slope angle against slope interval plots; and 7) base length slope angle and curvature. This complete Fortran IV software package, 'Terrain Analysis', is here presented for the first time. It was originally developed a decade ago for investigations of lunar morphology and surface trafficability for the Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791088","usgsCitation":"Schaber, G.G., Pike, R.J., and Berlin, G.L., 1978, Terrain-analysis procedures for modeling radar backscatter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1088, 1 v. ; 67 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791088.","productDescription":"1 v. ; 67 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaber, Gerald G.","contributorId":12511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Graydon Lennis","contributorId":58667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Graydon","email":"","middleInitial":"Lennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19629,"text":"ofr77732 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T20:01:27.763994","indexId":"ofr77732","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-732","title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing structures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found that approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures would be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1976, 1,673 (corrected figure) of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
During the period 1951-62, the U.S. Geological Survey began hydrologic investigations in 12 small watersheds (fig. 1). As of Sept. 30, 1976, data collection in ten of these study areas has been completed and is now in progress in the remaining two. These studies are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of Sept. 30, 1976, is shown in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77732","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1978, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-732, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77732.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6527,"text":"pp1029 - 1978 - Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:01","indexId":"pp1029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1029","title":"Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance","docAbstract":"This study deals with the rates at which mean velocity, mean depth, and water-surface width increase with water discharge at a cross section on an alluvial stream. Such relations often follow power laws, the exponents in which are called hydraulic exponents. The Langbein (1964) minimum-variance theory is examined in regard to its validity and its ability to predict observed hydraulic exponents. The variables used with the theory were velocity, depth, width, bed shear stress, friction factor, slope (energy gradient), and stream power. Slope is often constant, in which case only velocity, depth, width, shear and friction factor need be considered. The theory was tested against a wide range of field data from various geographic areas of the United States. The original theory was intended to produce only the average hydraulic exponents for a group of cross sections in a similar type of geologic or hydraulic environment. The theory does predict these average exponents with a reasonable degree of accuracy. An attempt to forecast the exponents at any selected cross section was moderately successful. Empirical equations are more accurate than the minimum variance, Gauckler-Manning, or Chezy methods. Predictions of the exponent of width are most reliable, the exponent of depth fair, and the exponent of mean velocity poor. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1029","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1978, Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1029, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1029.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a22c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Garnett P.","contributorId":100361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Garnett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8650,"text":"ofr78473 - 1978 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8650,"text":"ofr78473 - 1978 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr78473","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","indexId":"pp1164","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","indexId":"pp1164","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T20:17:02.933063","indexId":"ofr78473","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-473","title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Analyses of the surface effects of past underground coal mining in the western Powder River Basin suggest that underground mining of strippable coal deposits will damage the environment more over long periods of time than will modern surface mining, provided proper restoration procedures are followed after surface mining. Subsidence depressions and pits are a continuing hazard to the environment and to man's activities 5-20 km north of Sheridan, Wyo., above mines that were abandoned 25-80 years ago where the overburden is weak and is less than about 60 m thick. In addition, fires commonly start by spontaneous combustion when water and air enter the abandoned mine workings via subsidence cracks and pits. The fires can then spread to unmined coal as they create more cavities, more subsidence, and more cracks and pits through which air can circulate.
In modern surface mining operations the total land surface underlain by minable coal is removed to expose the coal. The coal is removed, the overburden and topsoil are replaced, and the land regraded and revegetated. The land, although disturbed, can be more easily restored and put back into use than land underlain by abandoned underground mine workings in areas where the overburden is less than about 60 m thick. The resource recovery of modern surface mining also is much greater than that of underground mining procedures.
Although present-day underground mining technology is advanced as compared to that of 25-80 years ago, subsidence resulting from mining of thick coal beds beneath overburden less than about 60 m thick by underground methods can cause greater damage to surface drainage, ground water, and vegetation than can properly designed surface mining operations. This report briefly discusses the geology and surface and underground effects of former large-scale underground mining in a 50 km2 area north of Sheridan, Wyo. and describes some environmental consequences and problems caused by mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78473","usgsCitation":"Dunrud, C., and Osterwald, F.W., 1978, Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-473, iii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78473.","productDescription":"iii, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424155,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0473/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0473/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.73961450431369,\n 44.834802347205994\n ],\n [\n -107.73961450431369,\n 42.749396299259615\n ],\n [\n -106.16856958243883,\n 42.749396299259615\n ],\n [\n -106.16856958243883,\n 44.834802347205994\n ],\n [\n -107.73961450431369,\n 44.834802347205994\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6160ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunrud, C. Richard","contributorId":48964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunrud","given":"C. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterwald, Frank W.","contributorId":98301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterwald","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8165,"text":"ofr78815 - 1978 - Exploration geophysics calculator programs for use on Hewlett-Packard models 67 and 97 programmable calculators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:07","indexId":"ofr78815","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-815","title":"Exploration geophysics calculator programs for use on Hewlett-Packard models 67 and 97 programmable calculators","docAbstract":"Program listing, instructions, and example problems are given for 12 programs for the interpretation of geophysical data, for use on Hewlett-Packard models 67 and 97 programmable hand-held calculators. These are (1) gravity anomaly over 2D prism with = 9 vertices--Talwani method; (2) magnetic anomaly (?T, ?V, or ?H) over 2D prism with = 8 vertices?Talwani method; (3) total-field magnetic anomaly profile over thick sheet/thin dike; (4) single dipping seismic refractor--interpretation and design; (5) = 4 dipping seismic refractors--interpretation; (6) = 4 dipping seismic refractors?design; (7) vertical electrical sounding over = 10 horizontal layers--Schlumberger or Wenner forward calculation; (8) vertical electric sounding: Dar Zarrouk calculations; (9) magnetotelluric planewave apparent conductivity and phase angle over = 9 horizontal layers--forward calculation; (10) petrophysics: a.c. electrical parameters; (11) petrophysics: elastic constants; (12) digital convolution with = 10-1ength filter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78815","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.L., and Watts, R.D., 1978, Exploration geophysics calculator programs for use on Hewlett-Packard models 67 and 97 programmable calculators: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-815, 74 leaves :ill. ;27 cm.; (75 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78815.","productDescription":"74 leaves :ill. ;27 cm.; (75 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0815/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35773,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0815/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Raymond D.","contributorId":105713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19430,"text":"ofr781016 - 1978 - Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr781016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1016","title":"Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","docAbstract":"Modern surface faulting along the Picacho fault, east of Picacho, Arizona, has been attributed to ground-water withdrawal. In September 1977, three exploratory test holes were drilled 5 km east of Picacho and across the Picacho fault to investigate subsurface conditions and the mechanism of the faulting. The holes were logged by conventional geophysical and geologic methods. Piezometers were set in each hole and have been monitored since September 1977. The drilling indicates that the unconsolidated alluvium beneath the surface fault is approximately 310 m thick. Drilling and piezometer data and an associated seismic refraction survey indicate that the modern faulting is coincident with a preexisting, high-angle, normal fault that offsets units within the alluvium as well as the underlying bedrock. Piezometer and neutron log data indicate that the preexisting fault behaves as a partial ground-water barrier. Monitoring of the piezometers indicates that the magnitude of the man-induced difference in water level across the preexisting fault is seasonal in nature, essentially disappearing during periods of water-level recovery. The magnitude of the seasonal difference in water level, however, appears to be sufficient to account for the modern fault offset by localized differential compaction caused by a difference in water level across the preexisting fault. In addition, repeated level surveys since September 1977 of bench marks across the surface fault and near the piezometers have indicated fault movement that corresponds to fluctuations of water level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781016","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1978, Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1016, ii, 38 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (41 p., 3 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781016.","productDescription":"ii, 38 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (41 p., 3 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48904,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48905,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48906,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5895,"text":"pp1039 - 1978 - Postcrystalline deformation of the Pelona Schist bordering Leona Valley, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"pp1039","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1039","title":"Postcrystalline deformation of the Pelona Schist bordering Leona Valley, southern California","docAbstract":"Detailed structural investigations in part of the Leona Valley segment of the San Andreas fault zone, 5-16 km west of Palm dale, focused on the postcrystalline deformation of the block of Mesozoic(?) Pelona Schist underlying Portal and Ritter Ridges. The early fabric of the schist is modified and in places obliterated by cataclasis along shear zones near the San Andreas fault and the Hitchbrook fault, a major west-striking branch of the San Andreas fault system. Anastomosing shear foliations, fabric elements of the postcrystalline deformation, intersect at small angles to one another and are generally vertical or steeply dipping to the north-northeast; they are subparallel to the Hitchbrook fault. Many of these shear foliations are nearly parallel to the compositional layering and schistosity, which commonly dip at moderately steep angles to the northwest. Folds in the shear foliation, commonly intrafolial, generally plunge at moderately steep angles to the north-northeast or are nearly vertical. Other folds, various in form, have axes parallel to the intersections of the early schistosity and the shear foliations and plunge in many other directions. \r\n\r\nFaults, roughly similar in orientation to the shear foliations, have orientations subparallel to large-scale structures and structural features in the Leona Valley area and in southern California: the San Andreas fault zone in Leona Valley, the Hitchbrook fault, the Garlock fault zone, steep northward-striking faults, the San Andreas fault zone north and south of the Transverse Ranges, and the generally northwest-dipping early compositional layering of the schist. \r\n\r\nSlickensides on some of the minor faults indicate that the latest movements on the steep faults are predominantly strike slip with indications of less common episodes of predominantly dip slip. The low-angle faults have oblique slip with a large dip component.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1039","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., 1978, Postcrystalline deformation of the Pelona Schist bordering Leona Valley, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1039, 17 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1039.","productDescription":"17 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32746,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32747,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James George","contributorId":73578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9496,"text":"ofr78313 - 1978 - Suspended-sediment transport in the Big Eau Pleine River Basin, central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T14:38:17","indexId":"ofr78313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-313","title":"Suspended-sediment transport in the Big Eau Pleine River Basin, central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment yields in the Big Eau Pleine River basin are low to moderate in comparison with other drainage basins in Wisconsin. Average annual yield in the Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford is 32.tons per square mile, with an annual yield ranging from 1.0 to 64 tons per square mile. Fenwood Creek at Bradley and Freeman Creek at Halder, two smaller tributary basins, have average annual yields of 3.3 and 7.9 tons per square mile, respectively. Suspended-sediment concentrations in the basin ranged from 0 to 960 milligrams per liter, with a median concentration at the Stratford site of 13 milligrams per liter. Ninety percent of the material transported by the streams of the Big Eau Pleine basin is finer than sand and is made up of about equal percentages of silt and clay.
\nA l3-year average of about 9,400 tons per year of suspended sediment is transported to the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir by streamflow and overland flow, whereas about 2,500 tons per year leaves the reservoir in its outflow. Considering only sediment inflow and outflow by streamflow and overland flow, and assuming the 2,500 tons per year is approximately the long-term average, the reservoir trap efficiency would be greater than 70 percent. The actual trap efficiency of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir probably is somewhat higher than 70 percent because bedload transport of the streams and sediment inflow from shoreline erosion were not measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hindall, S.M., 1978, Suspended-sediment transport in the Big Eau Pleine River Basin, central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-313, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78313.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Clark County, Marathon County, Taylor County","otherGeospatial":"Big Eau Pleine River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.3163,44.6852],[-90.3165,44.5989],[-90.3161,44.5127],[-90.3163,44.4247],[-90.4366,44.4226],[-90.5587,44.4221],[-90.6803,44.4225],[-90.8025,44.4227],[-90.8022,44.5093],[-90.9233,44.5099],[-90.9225,44.5961],[-90.9218,44.6833],[-90.9214,44.7558],[-90.9217,44.7704],[-90.9222,44.8576],[-90.9228,44.9443],[-90.9231,44.9913],[-90.9227,45.0311],[-90.924,45.0603],[-90.9226,45.1192],[-90.9271,45.1192],[-90.9257,45.2055],[-90.925,45.2919],[-90.9256,45.3796],[-90.8503,45.3781],[-90.823,45.3783],[-90.8022,45.3781],[-90.7017,45.3781],[-90.679,45.3778],[-90.5557,45.3775],[-90.4318,45.377],[-90.3533,45.3794],[-90.2904,45.3807],[-90.1671,45.3818],[-90.0419,45.3819],[-90.0464,45.2951],[-90.0465,45.2371],[-90.045,45.2083],[-90.0437,45.1206],[-90.0094,45.1198],[-89.9648,45.12],[-89.9202,45.1201],[-89.8439,45.1199],[-89.7968,45.12],[-89.7263,45.1197],[-89.6727,45.1198],[-89.6106,45.1198],[-89.5499,45.1199],[-89.4917,45.1194],[-89.4258,45.1189],[-89.3457,45.1184],[-89.3024,45.1184],[-89.2242,45.1187],[-89.2239,45.0297],[-89.2236,44.9429],[-89.224,44.8562],[-89.2243,44.769],[-89.2245,44.7161],[-89.2234,44.6814],[-89.346,44.6812],[-89.4899,44.6858],[-89.608,44.6853],[-89.7268,44.6852],[-89.8449,44.6849],[-89.9644,44.685],[-90.0793,44.685],[-90.1981,44.6854],[-90.3163,44.6852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clark\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ebde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindall, S. M.","contributorId":59414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hindall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9512,"text":"ofr78452 - 1978 - Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:45:11.145876","indexId":"ofr78452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-452","title":"Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"This report demonstrates two techniques for evaluating risks in the operation of a water-supply system. Both rely on reconstructed historical streamflow data to develop estimates of the probabilities of certain specific events occurring in the future. These techniques are applied to the Occoquan Reservoir which was experiencing an unprecedented low level of storage in the autumn of 1977. The two techniques are used respectively to evaluate the overall adequacy of the existing reservoir and to evaluate the risks in the 1977 crisis.
In the first technique, the general risk analysis model (GRAM), simulations of the reservoir's contents are carried out under a set of assumptions about withdrawal rates and emergency procedures. The results of the GRAM simulation for the Occoquan Reservoir are in the form of estimates of the probabilities that in any year certain emergency procedures will have to be invoked. These estimates are given for a range of rates of withdrawals and for four different stages of emergency actions. Also given are the estimated probabilities of entering emergency conditions in one year given that an emergency had occurred in the previous year. Due to the year-to-year persistence of low flows, these latter (conditional) probabilities are higher than the former (marginal) probabilities.
The second technique used is position analysis. In this procedure probability distributions of future storages are estimated under existing storage conditions and an assumed rate of withdrawal from the reservoir. The position analysis which was initialized at the October 1, 1977, conditions indicates that the probability of entering a Stage III emergency (the prohibition of all uses of water nonessential to life, health, and safety) in the autumn of 1977 or winter of 1978 was 10 percent at that time. However, with a reduction in water use by 8 million gallons per day, this probability would have fallen to 4 percent.
If a long reconstructed historical streamflow record is available to a water supply agency, then the agency will have the capability to undertake its own risk analyses. It can carry out comparisons of alternative operating policies by using techniques such as GRAM. It can also evaluate short-term risk of different plans of operation during crisis situations by using position analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78452","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1978, Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-452, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78452.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413061,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax County, Prince William County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.36749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -77.36749999999999,38.75 ], [ -77.11749999999999,38.75 ], [ -77.11749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -77.36749999999999,38.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b447c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9547,"text":"ofr78368 - 1978 - Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T22:44:38.054259","indexId":"ofr78368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-368","title":"Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska","docAbstract":"A total of 88 unreversed sonobuoy refraction lines were shot over the continental shelf and slope near Kodiak, Alaska, in 1976 and 1977. Useful results were obtained from 59 of these attempts. The field measurements were carried out aboard the USGS research vessel SAMUEL P. LEE. The refraction lines were concentrated in three major areas: (1) the outer continental shelf from Portlock Bank to Chirikof Island; (2) Shelikof Strait; and (3) the continental slope between Kodiak Seamount and Portlock Bank.
Sound sources used during the refraction survey included 1326 and 2501 cubic inch air gun arrays, and a 160 kilojoule arcer. Most of the sonobuoys employed were U. S. Navy SSQ-41A and SSQ-41B models; a few commercial buoys (Refraction Technology and Fairfield Industries) were also used. Line lengths ranged from 5 to 30 km, and maximum subbottom penegration was 5.1 km.
The field data were recorded on magnetic tape as well as a conventional facsimile recorder. Data reduction was accomplished using the slope-intercept method with the assumption of plane layers. A computer program was used to calculate interval velocities, thicknesses, reflection times, and critical distances for each of the refracting layers; the program also generated a travel time plot showing refracted arrivals as well as wide angle reflections associated with each of the interfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78368","usgsCitation":"Holmes, M.L., Meeder, C.A., and Creager, K.C., 1978, Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-368, i, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78368.","productDescription":"i, 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0368/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.43737727965075,\n 57.79815238959543\n ],\n [\n -152.43737727965075,\n 57.777530805618085\n ],\n [\n -152.37105910809015,\n 57.777530805618085\n ],\n [\n -152.37105910809015,\n 57.79815238959543\n ],\n [\n -152.43737727965075,\n 57.79815238959543\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e77cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Mark L.","contributorId":17229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meeder, Charles A.","contributorId":19950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeder","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creager, Kenneth Clark","contributorId":61037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11762,"text":"ofr78334 - 1978 - Calibration of a simple oilspill trajectory model using the Argo Merchant spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:19:24","indexId":"ofr78334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-334","title":"Calibration of a simple oilspill trajectory model using the Argo Merchant spill","docAbstract":"An oil spill risk analysis was conducted to determine the relative envionmental hazards of developing oil in different regions of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf lease area. The study analyzed the probability of spill occurrence, likely paths of the spills, and locations in space and time of such objects as recreational and biological resources likely to be vulnerable. These results combined to yield estimates of the overall oilspill risk associated with development of the proposed lease area. This risk is compared to the existing oilspill risk from existing leases in the area. The analysis implicityly includes estimates of weathering rates and slick dispersion and an indication of the possible mitigating effects of cleanups. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78334","usgsCitation":"Wyant, T., 1978, Calibration of a simple oilspill trajectory model using the Argo Merchant spill: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-334, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78334.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr78334.jpg"},{"id":284489,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0334/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.35,36.79 ], [ -71.35,42.78 ], [ -62.78,42.78 ], [ -62.78,36.79 ], [ -71.35,36.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd500ce4b0b290850f319b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyant, Timothy","contributorId":26672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyant","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10291,"text":"ofr78936 - 1978 - Water-level declines in the Madison area, Dane County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T14:19:33","indexId":"ofr78936","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-936","title":"Water-level declines in the Madison area, Dane County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The water supply for the city of Madison, Wisconsin, and for surrounding municipalities is obtained from the ground-water reservoir that underlies the area. This ground-water reservoir is composed of an upper aquifer and an underlying sandstone aquifer. High-capacity water-supply wells pump from the sandstone aquifer.
\nPumping from the sandstone aquifer has resulted in hydrologic changes. The water level has dropped in both the upper aquifer and underlying sandstone aquifer, and the flow of water in streams has been reduced.
\nThe effects of anticipated pumping were examined with the use of a digital model. The maximum water-level decline from the beginning of pumping in 1882 until 1975 was about 75 feet in the sandstone aquifer and 10 to 20 feet in the upper aquifer. Additional declines between 1975 and 2000 were computed to be 10 to 30 feet in the sandstone aquifer and 5 to 10 feet in the upper aquifer. The average annual streamflow of the Yahara River at the McFarland gaging station was reduced 32 percent from the beginning of pumping to 1975. An additional 7 percent reduction in streamflow was computed for the period 1975 to 2000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78936","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Madison Water Utility","usgsCitation":"McLeod, R., 1978, Water-level declines in the Madison area, Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-936, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78936.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":38144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0936/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0936/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLeod, R.S.","contributorId":7283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11342,"text":"ofr78591 - 1978 - The utility of petroleum seismic exploration data in delineating structural features within salt anticlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:23","indexId":"ofr78591","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-591","title":"The utility of petroleum seismic exploration data in delineating structural features within salt anticlines","docAbstract":"The Salt Valley anticline, in the Paradox Basin of southeastern Utah, is under investigation for use as a location for storage of solid nuclear waste. Delineation of thin, nonsalt interbeds within the upper reaches of the salt body is extremely important because the nature and character of any such fluid- or gas-saturated horizons would be critical to the mode of emplacement of wastes into the structure. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of 50 km of conventional seismic-reflection data, in the vicinity of the anticline, indicates that mapping of thin beds at shallow depths may well be possible using a specially designed adaptation of state-of-the-art seismic oil-exploration procedures. Computer ray-trace modeling of thin beds in salt reveals that the frequency and spatial resolution required to map the details of interbeds at shallow depths (less than 750 m) may be on the order of 500 Hz, with surface-spread lengths of less than 350 m. Consideration should be given to the burial of sources and receivers in order to attenuate surface noise and to record the desired high frequencies. \r\n\r\nCorrelation of the seismic-reflection data with available well data and surface geology reveals the complex, structurally initiated diapir, whose upward flow was maintained by rapid contemporaneous deposition of continental clastic sediments on its flanks. Severe collapse faulting near the crests of these structures has distorted the seismic response. Evidence exists, however, that intrasalt thin beds of anhydrite, dolomite, and black shale are mappable on seismic record sections either as short, discontinuous reflected events or as amplitude anomalies that result from focusing of the reflected seismic energy by the thin beds; computer modeling of the folded interbeds confirms both of these as possible causes of seismic response from within the salt diapir. Prediction of the seismic signatures of the interbeds can be made from computer-model studies. \r\n\r\nPetroleum seismic-reflection data are unsatisfactory for mapping the thin beds because of the lack of sufficient resolution to provide direct evidence of the presence of the thin beds. However, indirect evidence, present in these data as discontinuous seismic events, suggests that two geophysical techniques designed for this specific problem would allow direct detection of the interbeds in salt. These techniques are vertical seismic profiling and shallow, short-offset, high-frequency, seismic-reflection recording.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78591","usgsCitation":"Stockton, S., and Balch, A.H., 1978, The utility of petroleum seismic exploration data in delineating structural features within salt anticlines: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-591, ii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (41 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78591.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (41 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0591/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0591/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockton, S.L.","contributorId":89139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockton","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balch, Alfred H.","contributorId":71553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}