A parametric rainfall-runoff simulation model was used to synthesize long-term records of annual peak discharges for small natural drainage basins in Texas. Optimum model-parameter values were determined for each of the 40 basins studied by using short-term rainfall, evaporation, and discharge data. The calibrated model was used in conjunction with long-term records of rainfall and evaporation to synthesize a record of annual peaks for each site. Because the frequency curves of the simulated peaks had flatter slopes than those of the observed peaks, the synthetic frequency curves were adjusted for the loss of variance inherent in the modeling process.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77792","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation and the Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Massey, B., and Schroeder, E.E., 1977, Application of a rainfall-runoff model in estimating flood peaks for selected small natural drainage basins in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-792, ii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77792.","productDescription":"ii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0792/report.pdf","size":"2591","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0792/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massey, B.C.","contributorId":102483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, Elmer E.","contributorId":38962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Elmer","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28881,"text":"wri76123 - 1977 - Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"wri76123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-123","title":"Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Englishtown Formation of the Matawan Group of Late Cretaceous age is exposed in the western part of the New Jeresy Coastal Plain along a northeast-southwest trending zone extending from Raritan Bay to Delaware Bay. In outcrop, in the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the Englishtown typically consists of a series of thin, cross-stratified, fine- to medium-grained lignitic quartz sand beds intercalated with thin beds of sandy silty clay and clayey silt, ranging in total thickness from about 140 feet (43 meters) near Raritan Bay to about 50 feet (15 meters) near Trenton. In the subsurface of the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the formation retains most of the lithologic characteristics displayed in outcrop. In northern and eastern Ocean County the Englishtown can be subdivided into three distinct lithologic units; upper and lower units of quartz sand with thin interbeds of dark sandy silt, separated by a thick sequence of sandy and clayey lignitic silt. The confined part of the aquifer in the Englishtown Formation is utilized as a source of water over an area of about 1,100 square miles (2,849 square kilometers) of the New Jersey Coastal Plain and is an important source of supply in Monmouth and northern Ocean Counties. The annual average rate of withdrawal from the aquifer in the two-county area increased from 5.5 million gallons per day (0.24 cubic meters per second) in 1959 to 9.5 million gallons per day (0.4 cubic meters per second) in 1970. Water levels in parts of this area were declining 8 to 12 feet (2.4 to 3.6 meters) per year as of 1970 and they declined as much as 140 feet (43 meters) between 1959 and 1970 near pumping centers. The aquifer transmissivity ranges from 2,400 square feet per day to 650 square feet per day (223 square meters per day to 60 square meters per day); the estimated hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 11 feet per day to 20 feet per day (3.3 meters per day to 6.1 meters per day); and the storage coefficient ranges from 8 x 10-5 to 3 x 10-4. The underlying and overlying confining beds, which have an average thickness of 200 feet (61 meters) and 40 feet (12 meters), respectively, have vertical hydraulic conductivities on the order of 1 x 10-5 feet per day (3 x 10-6 meters per day) and specific storage on the order of 8 x 10-5 ft-1 (2.4 x 10-5 m-1). The Englishtown aquifer is an integral part of the complex multi- aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. The withdrawal of water from the Englishtown aquifer has had a marked effect on the water level in the overlying Moutn Laurel aquifer, and these effects will continue so long as the water level in the Englishtown continues to decline. Any increase in the development of the Mount Laurel aquifer that reduces the volume of leakage to the Englishtown will cause an increase in the rate of water-level decline in the Englishtown even with no increase in direct withdrawals. The interrelationship and interdependency between pumping stresses in individual aquifers within the complex Coastal Plain aquifer sytem must be recognized and appreciated, and the hydrodynamics of all parts of the system must be considered if reliable predictions of aquifer response to these stresses are to be made. Such predictions generally require a simulation model analysis of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri76123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.D., 1977, Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-123, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76123.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_76_123.gif"},{"id":261954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/pdf/wrir76-123.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, W. D.","contributorId":73220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"W.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8662,"text":"ofr77768 - 1977 - Interpretation of an aeromagnetic anomaly in McMullen and Live Oak counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr77768","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-768","title":"Interpretation of an aeromagnetic anomaly in McMullen and Live Oak counties, Texas","docAbstract":"An anomaly about 300 gammas in amplitude has been observed in data from an aerial magnetic survey flown over parts of Duval, Live Oak, McMullen, and Webb Counties, Tex. A two-and-one-half-dimensional model was used to iterpret the data, and the anomaly is apparently caused by a large mafic body centered near 28?10'N and 98?22'W, with an area of about 1800 km2 at a depth of 10 km.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77768","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., and Martin, R., 1977, Interpretation of an aeromagnetic anomaly in McMullen and Live Oak counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-768, 5, [3] leaves :ill., 2 maps ;27 cm.; (8 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77768.","productDescription":"5, [3] leaves :ill., 2 maps ;27 cm.; (8 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0768/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0768/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.A.","contributorId":53379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8114,"text":"ofr77469 - 1977 - Distribution of injected wastewater in the saline-lava aquifer, Wailuku-Kahului wastewater treatment facility, Kahului, Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-01T20:18:51.30363","indexId":"ofr77469","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-469","title":"Distribution of injected wastewater in the saline-lava aquifer, Wailuku-Kahului wastewater treatment facility, Kahului, Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Field studies and digital modeling of a lava rock aquifer system near Kahului, Maui, Hawaii, were employed to define and describe the distribution of planned injected wastewater from a secondary treatment facility. The lava rock aquifer contains water that is almost as saline as seawater. The saline water is below a seaward-discharging freshwater lens, and separated from it by a transition zone of varying salinity. Injection of wastewater at an average rate of 6.2 cubic feet per second is planned through wells open only to the aquifer deep within the saline water zone. The lava rock aquifer is overlain by a sequence of residual soil, clay, coral reef deposits, and marine sand that form a low-permeability caprock which semiconfines the lava rock aquifer.
A two-dimensional finite-difference model was used to describe initial conditions within the freshwater part of the aquifer, and to indicate response of the freshwater part of the system to injection of wastewater. Steady-state distribution of the wastewater within the saline and the freshwater parts of the lava rock aquifer was simulated by use of a three-dimensional finite-difference model. This model, using vertical-to-horizontal ratios of hydraulic conductivity of 1:10 and 1:100, shows that wastewater with a lesser density than that of either the saline or freshwater aquifer, will form a roughly cylindrical column around the injection well base and rise through the transition zones into the freshwater lens flow system. The column diameter varies with the ratio, and the column, or plume, widens progressively through the transition zone, then maintains virtually constant size through the freshwater part of the lava rock aquifer. Seaward flow within the freshwater lens tends to distort the plume seaward.
Under conditions measured and assumed for the study, it is evident that wastewater injected at the planned rate will move upward, then seaward without significant change. After reaching a new steady state, the wastewater will discharge into and through the caprock sequence within an area measuring approximately 1,000 feet inland, 1,000 feet laterally on either side of the injection site, and about 2,000 feet seaward. Little, if any, of the injected wastewater may be expected to reach the upper part of the caprock flow system landward of the treatment plant facility.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77469","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with County of Maui Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Burnham, W., Larson, S.P., and Cooper, H.H., 1977, Distribution of injected wastewater in the saline-lava aquifer, Wailuku-Kahului wastewater treatment facility, Kahului, Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-469, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77469.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0469/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0469/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kahului, Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.48788452148438,\n 20.873568860790446\n ],\n [\n -156.44325256347656,\n 20.873568860790446\n ],\n [\n -156.44325256347656,\n 20.903720104844798\n ],\n [\n -156.48788452148438,\n 20.903720104844798\n ],\n [\n -156.48788452148438,\n 20.873568860790446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae78c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, W.L.","contributorId":58668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Steven P.","contributorId":78718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Hilton H.","contributorId":106867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Hilton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":8048,"text":"ofr77478 - 1977 - Progress report on study of magnitude and frequency of floods on small drainage areas in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:04","indexId":"ofr77478","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-478","title":"Progress report on study of magnitude and frequency of floods on small drainage areas in Florida","docAbstract":"Long-term flood records for small basins, especially those basins of less than 10 square miles, are almost nonexistent in Florida. In July 1967 a program was begun to develop a data base to extend short-term flood-peak records for small basins by use of the U.S. Geological Survey rainfall/runoff model. Concurrent rainfall and runoff data, for a 5- to 7-year period, were used to calibrate a model for eight rainfall/runoff gaging stations. The standard error of estimate ranged from 25 to 50 percent. Twenty other rainfall/runoff stations are ready for calibration. The Caney Creek station was calibrated, and the annual peaks simulated for 1902-68 were used as input to develop a flood-frequency curve using a log-Pearson Type III distribution. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77478","usgsCitation":"Bridges, W.C., 1977, Progress report on study of magnitude and frequency of floods on small drainage areas in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-478, iv, 22, [9] leaves :ill., map ;27 cm.; (27 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77478.","productDescription":"iv, 22, [9] leaves :ill., map ;27 cm.; (27 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0478/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35623,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0478/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, W. C.","contributorId":73996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8974,"text":"ofr77219 - 1977 - Artificial recharge for subsidence abatement at the NASA-Johnson Space Center, Phase I","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T13:16:24","indexId":"ofr77219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-219","title":"Artificial recharge for subsidence abatement at the NASA-Johnson Space Center, Phase I","docAbstract":"Regional decline of aquifer head due to ground-water withdrawal in the Houston area has caused extensive land-surface subsidence. The NASA-Johnson Space Center (NASA-JSC) in southeastern Harris County, Texas, was about 13 to 19 feet above mean sea level in 1974 and sinking at a rate of more than 0.2 foot per year. NASA-JSC officials, concerned about the hurricane flooding hazard, requested the U.S. Geological Survey to study the feasibility of artificially recharging the aquifers for subsidence abatement. Hydrologic digital models were developed for theoretical determinations of quantities of water needed, under various well-array plans, for artificial recharge of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in order to halt the local subsidence at NASA-JSC. The programs for the models were developed for analysis of three-dimensional ground-water flow. Total injection rates of between 2,000 and 14,000 gallons per minute under three general well-array plans were determined for a range of residual clay pore pressures of 10 to 70 feet of hydraulic head. The space distributions of the resultant hydraulic heads, illustrated for injection rates of 3,600 and 8 ,400 gallons per minute, indicated that, for the same rate, increasing the number and spread of the injection locations reduces the head gradients within NASA-JSC. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77219","usgsCitation":"Garza, S., 1977, Artificial recharge for subsidence abatement at the NASA-Johnson Space Center, Phase I: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-219, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77219.","productDescription":"77 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Sergio","contributorId":88713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6524,"text":"pp1015 - 1977 - Proceedings of the first annual William Pecora Memorial Symposium, October 1975, Sioux Falls, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T12:25:16","indexId":"pp1015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1015","title":"Proceedings of the first annual William Pecora Memorial Symposium, October 1975, Sioux Falls, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey agreed to publish the proceeding of the first annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium in its Professional Paper series because the subject material is related to the mission of the Survey. The usual standards for this series have been modified to accommodate the variety of styles used by the participants in this symposium. All color illustrations are placed at the front of the book for economy in printing. They are identified by the names of the authors of the papers from which they are extracted.
","conferenceTitle":"William Pecora Memorial Symposium","conferenceDate":"October, 1975","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1015","usgsCitation":"1977, Proceedings of the first annual William Pecora Memorial Symposium, October 1975, Sioux Falls, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1015, xxxv, 370 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1015.","productDescription":"xxxv, 370 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34001,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6604c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Woll, Priscilla W.","contributorId":67506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woll","given":"Priscilla","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":632761,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, William August","contributorId":68305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"August","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":632762,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11778,"text":"ofr77272 - 1977 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr77272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-272","title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"A program to study the engineering geology of most larger Alaska coastal communities and to evaluate their earthquake and other geologic hazards was started following the 1964 Alaska earthquake; this report about the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, is a product of that program. Field-study methods were of a reconnaissance nature, and thus the interpretations in the report are tentative. \r\n\r\nLandscape of the Metlakatla Peninsula, on which the city of Metlakatla is located, is characterized by a muskeg-covered terrane of very low relief. In contrast, most of the rest of Annette Island is composed of mountainous terrane with steep valleys and numerous lakes. During the Pleistocene Epoch the Metlakatla area was presumably covered by ice several times; glaciers smoothed the present Metlakatla Peninsula and deeply eroded valleys on the rest. of Annette Island. The last major deglaciation was completed probably before 10,000 years ago. Rebound of the earth's crust, believed to be related to glacial melting, has caused land emergence at Metlakatla of at least 50 ft (15 m) and probably more than 200 ft (61 m) relative to present sea level.\r\n\r\nBedrock in the Metlakatla area is composed chiefly of hard metamorphic rocks: greenschist and greenstone with minor hornfels and schist. Strike and dip of beds are generally variable and minor offsets are common. Bedrock is of late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic age. Six types of surficial geologic materials of Quaternary age were recognized: firm diamicton, emerged shore, modern shore and delta, and alluvial deposits, very soft muskeg and other organic deposits, and firm to soft artificial fill. A combination map unit is composed of bedrock or diamicton. Geologic structure in southeastern Alaska is complex because, since at least early Paleozoic time, there have been several cycles of tectonic deformation that affected different parts of the region. Southeastern Alaska is transected by numerous faults and possible faults that attest to major movements of the earth's crust. The latest of the major tectonic events in the Metlakatla region occurred in middle Tertiary time; some minor fault activity probably continues today at depth. Along the outer coast of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia, major faulting activity occurs in the form of active, strike-slip movement along the Queen Charlotte fault about 100 mi (160 kin) west-southwest of Metlakatla. Some branching subsidiary faults also may be active, at least one of which may be the Sandspit fault. \r\n\r\nMany major and smaller earthquakes occur along the outer coast. These shocks are related to movements along the Queen Charlotte fault. A few small earthquakes occur in the region between the outer coast and the Coast Mountains, which includes Metlakatla. 0nly a few earthquakes have been reported as felt at Metlakatla; these shocks and others felt in the region are tabulated. Historically, the closest major earthquake was the magnitude 8.1 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake of August 22, 1949, which occurred along the Queen Charlotte fault 125 mi (200 km) southwest of Metlakatla. No damage was reported at Metlakatla. The probability of destructive earthquakes affecting Metlakatla is unknown. A consideration of the tectonics and earthquake history of the region, however, suggests that sometime in the future an earthquake with a magnitude of about 8 will occur along that segment of the Queen Charlotte fault nearest to Metlakatla. Smaller earthquakes with magnitudes of 6 or more might occur elsewhere in the Metlakatla region or south-southeastward near Dixon Entrance or Hecate Strait. \r\n\r\nSeveral geologic effects that have characterized large earthquakes elsewh6re may be expected to accompany some of the possible major earthquakes that might affect the Metlakatla area in the future. Evaluation of effects indicates that fault displacement and tectonic uplift or subsidence are probably unlikely, and ground shaking in general probably would be strongest","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr77272","usgsCitation":"Yehle, L.A., 1977, Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Metlakatla area, Annette Island, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquakes and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-272, iv, 93 p. :maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.; (2 sheets, scale 1:9,600; 2 sheets, scale 1:25,000 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77272.","productDescription":"iv, 93 p. :maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.; (2 sheets, scale 1:9,600; 2 sheets, scale 1:25,000 - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95023,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-01.pdf","size":"494","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95024,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-02.pdf","size":"674","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95025,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-03.pdf","size":"542","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95026,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-04.pdf","size":"906","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95027,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-05.pdf","size":"1561","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95028,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-06.pdf","size":"441","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95029,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-07.pdf","size":"542","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95030,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-08.pdf","size":"305","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95031,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-09.pdf","size":"285","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95032,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/plate-10.pdf","size":"224","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"9600","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6442c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":163717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10478,"text":"ofr77592 - 1977 - Geology of the Midnite uranium mine area, Washington — Maps, description, and interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-08T22:09:56.728257","indexId":"ofr77592","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-592","title":"Geology of the Midnite uranium mine area, Washington — Maps, description, and interpretation","docAbstract":"Bedrock geology of about 12 km2 near the Midnite mine has been mapped at the surface, in mine exposures, and from drilling, at scales from 1:600 to 1:12,000 and is presented here at 1:12,000 to provide description of the setting of uranium deposits. Oldest rocks in the area are metapelitic and metacarbonate rocks of the Precambrian (Y) Togo Formation. The chief host for uranium deposits is graphitic and pyritic mica phyllite and muscovite schist. Ore also occurs in calc-silicate hornfels and marble at the western edge of a calcareous section about 1,150 m thick. Calcareous rocks of the Togo are probably older than the pelitic as they are interpreted to be near the axis of a broad anticline. The composition and structural position of the calcareous unit suggests correlation with less metamorphosed carbonate-bearing rocks of the Lower Wallace Formation, Belt Supergroup, about 200 km to the east. Basic sills intrusive into the Togo have been metamorphosed to amphibolite.
Unmetamorphosed rocks in the mine area are Cretaceous(?) and Eocene igneous rocks. Porphyritic quartz monzonite of Cretaceous age, part of the Loon Lake batholith, is exposed over one third of the mine area. It underlies the roof pendant of Precambrian rocks in which the Midnite mine occurs at depths of generally less than 300 m. The pluton is a two-mica granite and exhibits pegmatitic and aplitic textural features indicative of water saturation and pressure quenching. Eocene intrusive and extrusive rocks in the area provide evidence that the Eocene surface was only a short distance above the present uranium deposits.
Speculative hypotheses are presented for penesyngenetic, hydrothermal, and supergene modes of uranium emplacement. The Precambrian Stratigraphy, similar in age and pre-metamorphic lithology to that of rocks hosting large uranium deposits in Saskatchewan and Northern Territory, Australia, suggests the possibility of uranium accumulation along with diagenetic pyrite in carbonaceous muds in a marine shelf environment. This hypothesis is not favored by the author because there is no evidence for stratabound uranium such as high regional radioactivity in the Togo. A hydrothermal mode of uranium emplacement is supported by the close apparent ages of mineralization and plutonism, and by petrology of the pluton. I speculate that uranium may have become enriched in postmagmatic fluids at the top of the pluton, possibly by hydrothermal leaching of soluble uranium associated with magnetite, and diffused outward into metasedimentary wall rocks to create an aureole about 100 m thick containing about 100 ppm uranium. Chemistry of the hydrothermal process is not understood, but uranium does not appear to have been transported by an oxidizing fluid, and the fluid did not produce veining and alteration comparable to that of base-metal sulfide deposits. Uranium in the low-grade protore is believed to have been redistributed into permeable zones in the Tertiary to create ore grades. Geologic and isotopic ages of uranium mineralization, and the small volume of porphyritic quartz monzonite available for leaching, are not supportive of supergene emplacement of uranium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77592","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., 1977, Geology of the Midnite uranium mine area, Washington — Maps, description, and interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-592, Report: ii, 39 p.; 2 Plates: 15.00 × 20.00 inches and 16.00 × 17.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77592.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 39 p.; 2 Plates: 15.00 × 20.00 inches and 16.00 × 17.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392655,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14485.htm"},{"id":38343,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0592/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0592/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":94974,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0592/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94973,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0592/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Midnite uranium mine area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.118,\n 47.933\n ],\n [\n -118.0670,\n 47.933\n ],\n [\n -118.0670,\n 47.962\n ],\n [\n -118.118,\n 47.962\n ],\n [\n -118.118,\n 47.933\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170983,"text":"70170983 - 1977 - Analysis of street sweepings, Portland, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T08:12:20","indexId":"70170983","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Analysis of street sweepings, Portland, Oregon","docAbstract":"A brief study involving collection and analysis of street sweepings was undertaken to provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with data on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of dust and dirt accumulating on Portland streets. Most of the analyses selected were based on the pollutant loads predicted by the Storage, Treatment, Overflow, and Runoff Model (STORM). Five different basins were selected for sampling, and samples were collected three times in each basin. Because the literature reports no methodology for analysis of dust and dirt, the analytical methodology is described in detail. Results of the analyses are summarized in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70170983","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.L., Rinella, J.F., McKenzie, S.W., and Parmenter, J., 1977, Analysis of street sweepings, Portland, Oregon: Open-File Report, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170983.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70170983.jpg"},{"id":324184,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70170983/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.86834716796875,\n 45.32897866218559\n ],\n [\n -122.86834716796875,\n 45.81157210628933\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 45.81157210628933\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 45.32897866218559\n ],\n [\n -122.86834716796875,\n 45.32897866218559\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d643de4b07e28b66834d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Timothy L.","contributorId":9263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Joseph F. jrinella@usgs.gov","contributorId":1371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Joseph","email":"jrinella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parmenter, Jerry","contributorId":169318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parmenter","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009864,"text":"70009864 - 1977 - Submarine seepage of natural gas in Norton Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T16:00:46.65692","indexId":"70009864","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine seepage of natural gas in Norton Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Unusual concentrations of dissolved two- to four-carbon alkanes were observed in the waters in Norton Sound in a localized area approximately 40 kilometers south of Nome, Alaska, in 1976. The hydrocarbons were identified in the near-bottom waters downcurrent for more than 100 kilometers from a sea-floor point source. Preliminary dynamic modeling estimates of the initial gas phase composition predict methane/ethane and ethane/propane ratios of 24 and 1.7, respectively, assuming the hydrocarbons were introduced by bubbles. The low ethane/propane ratio is indicative of gas from a liquid petroleum source rather than from nonassociated or biogenic natural gas. Preliminary data on the structural geology of Norton Basin lend support to the interpretation based on the hydrocarbon plume. Unconformably truncated strata dip basinward from the seep locus; acoustic anomalies and numerous steeply dipping faults in the immediate vicinity of the seep are corroborating evidence that shallow gas- or petroleum-charged sediments and strata coincide with avenues for migration of mobile hydrocarbons to the sea floor. These factors, taken in concert with the sedimentological regime, the recent revision (increase) of basin depth estimates, and the highly localized hydrocarbon source, strongly suggest a thermogenic rather than a recent biogenic origin for these gaseous compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.198.4322.1149","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cline, J., and Holmes, M., 1977, Submarine seepage of natural gas in Norton Sound, Alaska: Science, v. 198, no. 4322, p. 1149-1153, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.198.4322.1149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Norton Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.46153501237765,\n 64.76584240561928\n ],\n [\n -166.46153501237765,\n 62.990803823044075\n ],\n [\n -159.86844531048,\n 62.990803823044075\n ],\n [\n -159.86844531048,\n 64.76584240561928\n ],\n [\n -166.46153501237765,\n 64.76584240561928\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"198","issue":"4322","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d33e4b08c986b31d6d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, J.D.","contributorId":46212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, M.L.","contributorId":89528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233491,"text":"70233491 - 1977 - Petrology of basalt from the East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees North latitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T17:00:44.580542","indexId":"70233491","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T11:57:36","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of basalt from the East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees North latitude","docAbstract":"Four dredge hauls of fresh tholeiitic basalt lava were recovered from a 3.3-kilometer-wide zone at the axis of the East Pacific Rise. Petrologic and major-element chemical studies indicate that the basalt ranges from moderately fractionated varieties to one sample enriched in iron and titanium. The four samples show no symmetrical compositional zonation across the ridge axis, but the two least fractionated and youngest samples occur on the east side of the ridge axis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Normark, W.R., Hess, G.R., and Meyer, C.E., 1977, Petrology of basalt from the East Pacific Rise near 21 degrees North latitude: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 753-759.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"759","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.32470703125,\n 19.497664168139053\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 19.497664168139053\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 23.180763583129444\n ],\n [\n -110.32470703125,\n 23.180763583129444\n ],\n [\n -110.32470703125,\n 19.497664168139053\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, Gordon R.","contributorId":102119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Charles E.","contributorId":84007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70233517,"text":"70233517 - 1977 - Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T13:52:45.748385","indexId":"70233517","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T08:34:32","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"The terrane bordering the alpine-type Josephine Peridotite on the north in the Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon, is composed of intrusive hornblende gabbro (Middle Jurassic) and scattered remnants of clinopyroxene-bearing ultramafic rocks and amphibolite. The amphibolite, which preliminary analyses suggest is of andesitic composition, has undergone regional metamorphism to the amphibolite facies and three episodes of plastic folding. The ultramafic rocks overlie the amphibolite with a possible magmatic sedimentary contact, although the contact is not entirely clear and a fault cannot be ruled out. The ultramafic rocks are partially recrystallized owing to the gabbro intrusion and later partially serpentinized; they have undergone two episodes of plastic folding, the second of which correlates with the third in the amphibolite. The intrusion of the gabbro began as early as the second folding episode in the amphibolite and probably continued at least intermittently throughout the third episode of folding and possibly later. After the high-temperature deformation, the Josephine Peridotite was thrust northward over the gabbroic complex along an east-striking south-dipping thrust fault, after which both of these terranes were thrust westward over the Upper Jurassic Dothan Formation along a major north-striking east-dipping thrust fault. The nature of the ultramaflc rocks, their association with an extensive gabbro terrane, and the proximity of a large alpine-type peridotite suggest that the gabbroic and ultramafic complexes are part of an ophiolite sequence. However, if the ultramaflc rocks are cumulates and were deposited on the amphibolite terrane, then the gabbroic complex is somewhat different from the ideal ophiolite model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., and Himmelberg, G.R., 1977, Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 761-781.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"781","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Vulcan Peak area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 42.15118709351198\n ],\n [\n -123.89007568359374,\n 42.15118709351198\n ],\n [\n -123.89007568359374,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 42.15118709351198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, Glen R.","contributorId":57921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009876,"text":"70009876 - 1977 - Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:07:03.620859","indexId":"70009876","displayToPublicDate":"1977-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional numerical model has been coded to use the strongly implicit procedure for solving the finite-difference approximations to the ground-water flow equation. The model allows for: (1) the representation of each aquifer and each confining bed by several layers; and (2) the use of an anisotropic hydraulic conductivity at each finite-difference block. The model is compared with a previously developed quasi-three-dimensional model by simulating the steady-state flow in an aquifer system in the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado. The aquifer system consists of two aquifers separated by a leaky confining bed. The upper aquifer receives recharge from precipitation and is hydraulically connected to streams. For this problem, in order to make a valid comparison of results, a single layer was used to represent each aquifer. Furthermore, the need for a layer to represent the confining bed was eliminated by incorporating the effects of vertical leakage into the vertical component of the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of the adjacent aquifers. Thus, the problem was represented by only two layers in each model with a total of about 2,100 equations. This restricted the effects of flow in the confining layer to the vertical component, but simulations with a third layer in the three-dimensional model permitting horizontal flow in the confining bed show that the two-layer approach is reasonable. Convergence to a solution of this problem takes about one minute of computer time on the IBM/155. This is about 30 times faster than the time required using the quasi-three-dimensional model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(77)90076-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Trescott, P., and Larson, S.P., 1977, Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure: Journal of Hydrology, v. 35, no. 1-2, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(77)90076-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.01801547352804,\n 40.42979415974247\n ],\n [\n -109.01801547352804,\n 39.054617661058586\n ],\n [\n -106.97565719199748,\n 39.054617661058586\n ],\n [\n -106.97565719199748,\n 40.42979415974247\n ],\n [\n -109.01801547352804,\n 40.42979415974247\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b925be4b08c986b319e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trescott, P.C.","contributorId":16399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trescott","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S. P.","contributorId":34903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009958,"text":"70009958 - 1977 - Lunar surface chemistry: A new imaging technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T16:12:08.570866","indexId":"70009958","displayToPublicDate":"1977-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar surface chemistry: A new imaging technique","docAbstract":"Detailed chemical maps of the lunar surface have been constructed by applying a new weighted-filter imaging technique to Apollo 15 and Apollo 16 x-ray fluorescence data. The data quality improvement is amply demonstrated by (i) modes in the frequency distribution, representing highland and mare soil suites, which are not evident before data filtering and (ii) numerous examples of chemical variations which are correlated with small-scale (about 15 kilometer) lunar topographic features.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.197.4307.986","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Andre, C., Bielefeld, M., Eliason, E., Soderblom, L., Adler, I., and Philpotts, J., 1977, Lunar surface chemistry: A new imaging technique: Science, v. 197, no. 4307, p. 986-989, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.197.4307.986.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"989","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"4307","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a99e4b0c8380cd68ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andre, C.G.","contributorId":68026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andre","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bielefeld, M.J.","contributorId":81629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bielefeld","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eliason, E.","contributorId":92796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adler, I.","contributorId":13371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Philpotts, J.A.","contributorId":78360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philpotts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156442,"text":"70156442 - 1977 - Magnitude, distance, and intensity data for C.I.T. strong motion records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T13:46:12","indexId":"70156442","displayToPublicDate":"1977-08-31T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnitude, distance, and intensity data for C.I.T. strong motion records","docAbstract":"The site Modified Mercalli intensities and epicentral distances of strong motion records published by the California Institute of Technology are reported, as well as the magnitude, focal depth, and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of the event associated with each record. These data were obtained from original sources. The use of the data to derive ground motion relations for design is discussed; possible biases in the data which might affect such relations are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"McGuire, R.K., and Barnhard, J.A., 1977, Magnitude, distance, and intensity data for C.I.T. strong motion records: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 4, p. 437-443.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"443","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb9e4b0518e3546f01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Robin K.","contributorId":86339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhard, James A.","contributorId":146858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhard","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156484,"text":"70156484 - 1977 - A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T17:30:46","indexId":"70156484","displayToPublicDate":"1977-08-31T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"A steady-state simulation model was applied to the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area of Imperial Valley, Calif. The steady-state equations of flow and heat transport were solved by use of a Galerkin, finite-element method. A solution was obtained by iterating between the temperature and pressure equations, using updated densities and viscosities. Temperature and pressure were obtained for each node, and corresponding head values were calculated. The simulated temperature and pressure patterns correlated well with the observed patterns. Additional data, mainly from test drilling, would be required for construction of a similar model of the deep hydrothermal system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., 1977, A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 4, p. 497-509.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"509","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 33.7\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 33.7\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 32.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84baae4b0518e3546efc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R.E.","contributorId":86754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156452,"text":"70156452 - 1977 - A new curved baculite from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T14:20:34","indexId":"70156452","displayToPublicDate":"1977-08-31T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new curved baculite from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming","docAbstract":"Baculites reduncus, n. sp., is a moderately large ammonite that has a curved shell, a large angle of taper, and a stout ovate cross section. Conspicuous broad, arcuate ribs cross the upper two-thirds of the flank. The suture, which is fairly complex, has a distinctive lateral lobe. All the types are from the lower part of the Rock River Formation near Rock River, Wyo. The species is of late Campanian age and marks a zone between the Zones of Baculites gregoryensis Cobban and B. scotti Cobban
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cobban, W.A., 1977, A new curved baculite from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 4, p. 457-462.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"462","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rock River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.270751953125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -106.270751953125,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -104.2767333984375,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -104.2767333984375,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -106.270751953125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bade4b0518e3546efc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185636,"text":"70185636 - 1977 - Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:16:51","indexId":"70185636","displayToPublicDate":"1977-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida","docAbstract":"The Pinellas Peninsula, an area of 750 square kilometres (290 square miles) in coastal west-central Florida, is a small hydrogeologic replica of Florida. Most of the Peninsula's water supply is imported from well fields as much as 65 kilometres (40 miles) inland. Stresses on the hydrologic environment of the Peninsula and on adjacent water bodies, resulting from intensive water-resources development and waste discharge, have resulted in marked interest in subsurface storage of waste water (treated effluent and untreated storm water) and in future retrieval of the stored water for nonpotable use. If subsurface storage is approved by regulatory agencies, as much as 265 megalitres per day (70 million gallons a day) of waste water could be stored underground within a few years, and more than 565 megalitres per day (150 million gallons a day) could be stored in about 25 years. This storage would constitute a large resource of nearly fresh water in the saline aquifers underlying about 520 square kilometres (200 square miles) of the Peninsula.
The upper 1,060 metres (3,480 feet) of the rock column underlying four test sites on the Pinellas Peninsula have been explored. The rocks consist chiefly of limestone and dolomite. Three moderately to highly transmissive zones, separated by leaky confining beds, (low permeability limestone) from about 225 to 380 metres (740 to 1,250 feet) below mean sea level, have been identified in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer in the Avon Park Limestone. Results of withdrawal and injection tests in Pinellas County indicate that the middle transmissive zone has the highest estimated transmissivity-about 10 times other reported values. The chloride concentration of water in this zone, as well as in the two other transmissive zones in the Avon Park Limestone in Pinellas Peninsula, is about 19,000 milligrams per litre. If subsurface storage is approved and implemented, this middle zone probably would be used for storage of the waste water and the zone would become the most extensively used in Florida for this purpose.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03174.x","usgsCitation":"Rosenshein, J., and Hickey, J., 1977, Storage of treated sewage effluent and stormwater in a saline aquifer, Pinellas Peninsula, Florida: Groundwater, v. 15, no. 4, p. 284-293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03174.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"284","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63043e4b05ec799131131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenshein, J.S.","contributorId":95082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenshein","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007799,"text":"1007799 - 1977 - Seed production, seed populations in the soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:46:27.775764","indexId":"1007799","displayToPublicDate":"1977-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed production, seed populations in the soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs","docAbstract":"A study of seed production, seed storage in the soil, and seedling production after fire was undertaken for a sprouting and a nonsprouting congenerica pair of species of Ceanothus and Arctostaphylos. All species exhibited large fluctuations in annual seed production. There was a significant correlation between fruit production and precipitation in the previous year. It is hypothesized that high carbon gain in years of high precipitation results in high numbers of floral primordia which, in these species, remain dominant until the following year. It was also noted that high fruit production was not dependent upon high precipitation the same year; suggesting that the fruits were utilizing carbon stored from the previous year. All 4 species were capable of producing more seeds in a single season than were stored in the soil. Apparently the soil seed pools do not represent a steady accumulation of seeds in the soil but rather are the result of dynamic fluctuations in seed inputs and outputs. Each species also had more seeds in the soil, by several orders of magnitude, than seedlings after fire in an adjacent burned stand. The sprouting and seeding productive strategies are quite different in the two genera. The information from this study coupled with that from other studies indicate 4 reproductive modes: sprouting and seedling production (C. leucodermis), abundant seedling production (C. greggii), low seedling production but better \"equipped\" seedlings (A. glauca), and predominantly sprouting (A. glandulosa).
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1936217","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1977, Seed production, seed populations in the soil and seedling production after fire for two congeneric pairs of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs: Ecology, v. 58, p. 820-829, https://doi.org/10.2307/1936217.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"829","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121537,"text":"70121537 - 1977 - Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T16:37:36.462267","indexId":"70121537","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T12:40:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene barrier bar seaward of ooid shoal complex near Miami, Florida","docAbstract":"An ooid sand barrier bar of Pleistocene age was deposited along the seaward side of an ooid shoal complex southwest of Miami, Florida. The bar is 35 km long, about 0.8 km wide, elongate parallel with the trend of the ooid shoal complex and perpendicular to channels between individual shoals. A depression 1.6 km wide, interpreted as a back-barrier channel, isolates the bar from the ooid shoals. During sea-level fall and subaerial exposure of the bar, the ooid sand was cemented in place, preventing migration of the barrier. No Holocene analogue of this sand body is recognized, perhaps because of the relative youthfulness of Holocene ooid shoals. This Pleistocene ooid shoal complex, with its reservoir-size barrier bar, may serve as a refined model for exploration in ancient ooid sand belts.
Determination of trace-metal levels in the sediments of the Matagorda Bay system revealed anomalously high mercury values. The distribution of the mercury-rich sediment deposits is the result of the sedimentological regime of the bay system produced by the tidal currents in the dredged channel. According to this model, the oxygenated open gulf water pushed into the bay by tidal currents activates the mercury and reintroduces it into the sediment regime of the bay in an area where the turbidity maximum is most prevalent. Within this region, the absorption sites are at a maximum, tying up the mercury. The mercury-enriched suspended material is then transported and deposited according to the hydraulic regime within the bay system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., 1977, Effects of dredged channels on trace-metal migration in an estuary: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 243-251.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Matagorda Bay, Matagorda Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.8939208984375,\n 28.023500048883022\n ],\n [\n -95.592041015625,\n 28.023500048883022\n ],\n [\n -95.592041015625,\n 28.827831607445855\n ],\n [\n -96.8939208984375,\n 28.827831607445855\n ],\n [\n -96.8939208984375,\n 28.023500048883022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":846694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200642,"text":"70200642 - 1977 - High temperature heat content and heat capacity of silicate glasses: experimental determination and a model for calculation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T14:21:11","indexId":"70200642","displayToPublicDate":"1977-02-01T14:20:32","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High temperature heat content and heat capacity of silicate glasses: experimental determination and a model for calculation","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of silicate melts is fundamental to quantitative characterization of igneous systems. This paper presents new data on one of these properties, heat content, for silicate glasses and supercooled silicate liquids and derives partial molar heat contents for the glasses. The high temperature heat contents of two FeO-rich synthetic silicate glasses and five glasses and three supercooled liquids prepared from igneous rocks ranging from basalt to rhyolite were measured by drop calorimetry. Heat capacities of silicate liquids and the change in heat capacity at the glass transformation are discussed.
Fifty acoustically positioned samples of fresh basalt were collected by the submersible Alvin from the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during the French American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study (FAMOUS) in the summer of 1974. The samples show regular compositional variations from the center of the rift valley (central lava flows) out to the rift valley walls (flank lava flows). The central lava samples show higher ratios of olivine relative to clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts and contain chrome spinel. Glasses of the flank lava samples are enriched in SiO2, TiO2, K2O, H2O, and FeO/MgO relative to central lava samples.
Studies of the thickness of palagonite and manganese crusts indicate that the flank lava flows are considerably younger than the inferred spreading age of the crust on which they occur. Flank lavas are generally older than central lavas, but notable exceptions occur.
The composition of the flank lava glass can be derived by the removal of approximately 29 wt percent of analyzed phenocrysts (in the ratio 5.7 plagioclase, 2.5 olivine, 1.8 clinopyroxene) from the central lava glass. In addition, other processes (possibly involving volatile transfer) must enrich the flank lavas in K2O, TiO2, and H2O.
A model is proposed whereby this crystal fractionation occurs in a shallow, narrow (6-km-wide) magma chamber underlying the median valley. The chamber is compositionally zoned, and central lavas are fed from dikes tapping its hotter axial zone, whereas flank lavas are fed from the cooler, differentiated melt on the margins. The nature of the chemical variations in the lavas permits an estimate of the composition and thickness of the cumulates forming at the base of the chamber.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<556:CVOYBI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bryan, W., and Moore, J.G., 1977, Compositional variations of young basalts in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near lat 36°49′N: GSA Bulletin, v. 88, no. 4, p. 556-570, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<556:CVOYBI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"570","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley near lat 36°49′N","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -44.736328125,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -30.322265625000004,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -30.322265625000004,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -44.736328125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -44.736328125,\n 29.22889003019423\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, W.B.","contributorId":100412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}