The table lists full-energy, single-escape, and double-escape photopeak energies corresponding to about 1800 x- and gamma rays derived from natural radioactivity, X-ray fluorescence, neutron reactions, and induced radioactivity. Photon lines have been selected on the basis of their importance in borehole logging by nuclear methods. The mode of production of each photopeak and the half lives of natural and artificial radionuclides are given, but intensity information is omitted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78531","usgsCitation":"Tanner, A.B., and Senftle, F.E., 1978, A table of photopeaks useful in nuclear geophysics: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-531, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78531.","productDescription":"69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422932,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0531/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0531/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, Allan B.","contributorId":11611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, Frank E.","contributorId":49401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6527,"text":"pp1029 - 1978 - Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:01","indexId":"pp1029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1029","title":"Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance","docAbstract":"This study deals with the rates at which mean velocity, mean depth, and water-surface width increase with water discharge at a cross section on an alluvial stream. Such relations often follow power laws, the exponents in which are called hydraulic exponents. The Langbein (1964) minimum-variance theory is examined in regard to its validity and its ability to predict observed hydraulic exponents. The variables used with the theory were velocity, depth, width, bed shear stress, friction factor, slope (energy gradient), and stream power. Slope is often constant, in which case only velocity, depth, width, shear and friction factor need be considered. The theory was tested against a wide range of field data from various geographic areas of the United States. The original theory was intended to produce only the average hydraulic exponents for a group of cross sections in a similar type of geologic or hydraulic environment. The theory does predict these average exponents with a reasonable degree of accuracy. An attempt to forecast the exponents at any selected cross section was moderately successful. Empirical equations are more accurate than the minimum variance, Gauckler-Manning, or Chezy methods. Predictions of the exponent of width are most reliable, the exponent of depth fair, and the exponent of mean velocity poor. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1029","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1978, Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1029, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1029.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a22c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Garnett P.","contributorId":100361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Garnett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30195,"text":"wri7796 - 1978 - Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T11:24:56","indexId":"wri7796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-96","title":"Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"The sand-and-gravel aquifer is the only freshwater aquifer in southern Escambia County, Fla. Problems related to the development of the aquifer include sustained yield, contamination, and saltwater intrusion. A digital model was applied to the sand-and-gravel aquifer in central and southern Escambia County treating the aquifer 's 'main producing zone ' as a discrete, leaky, confined aquifer. Under conditions of no pumping, most values for the final-head matrix agreed with assumed values within 4 feet in the area of principal interest. Discharge per unit land area was 1.04 cubic feet per second per square mile, in close agreement with the base runoff streams maintained by the aquifer. Total natural aquifer discharge within the area of principal interest determined by the model was 159 million gallons per day. The applicability of the present non-unique calibration for predicting the effects of pumping is questionable; a multilayered model may be required. Effluent infiltrating from holding lagoons for spray irrigation at the Scenic Hills Sewage Plant may have affected the quality of local perched ground water in the sand-and-gravel aquifer. Observation wells drilled near areas of heavy pumping around Bayou Chico indicated no saltwater intrusion. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7796","usgsCitation":"Trapp, H., 1978, Preliminary hydrologic budget of the sand-and-gravel aquifer under unstressed conditions: with a section on water-quality monitoring, Pensacola, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-96, iv, 57 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7796.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0096/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n -87.08862304687499,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n -87.08862304687499,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 30.306503259848835\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trapp, Henry Jr.","contributorId":6034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trapp","given":"Henry","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28419,"text":"wri7875 - 1978 - Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:12:14","indexId":"wri7875","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-75","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"The need for accurate information regarding the transit losses and traveltimes associated with releases from Pueblo Reservoir has been stimulated by construction of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Fryingpan-Arkansas Project and a proposed winter-water storage program in Pueblo Reservoir. To meet this need, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District, studied the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, a distance of 142 river miles.
The volumes of reservoir releases are decreased or delayed during tran-sit by bank storage, channel storage, and evaporation. Results from a com-puter model, calibrated by a controlled-test release from Pueblo Reservoir, indicate transit losses are greatest for small releases of short duration that are made during periods of low antecedent streamflow. For equivalent releases, transit losses during the winter are about 7 percent less than losses during the summer.
Based on available streamflow records, the traveltime of reservoir releases in the study reach ranges from about 1.67 hours per mile at the downstream end of the study reach when antecedent streamflow is 10 cubic feet per second, to about 0.146 hour per mile at the upstream end of the study reach when antecedent streamflow is 3,000 cubic feet per second. Consequently, the traveltime of a release increases as antecedent streamflow diminishes.
Management practices that may be used to benefit water users in the study area include selection of the optimum time, rate, and duration of a reservoir release to minimize the transit losses, determination of an accurate traveltime, and diversion at several incremental rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7875","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1978, Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-75, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7875.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0075/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -102.7606201171875,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -102.7606201171875,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 37.9051994823157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f129c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36860,"text":"fwsobs78_19 - 1978 - Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs78_19","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/19","title":"Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Parrish, J., 1978, Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report: FWS/OBS 78/19, pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9151,"text":"ofr78680 - 1978 - Sediment sources and Holocene sedimentation history in Tillamook Bay, Oregon; data and preliminary interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T08:57:53","indexId":"ofr78680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-680","title":"Sediment sources and Holocene sedimentation history in Tillamook Bay, Oregon; data and preliminary interpretations","docAbstract":"Surface and core sediments from Tillamook Bay, Oregon, have been analyzed to determine modern and Holocene sediment sources and sedimentation history. Heavy mineral analyses established three sediment sources: (1) the five major rivers draining the volcanic and associated sedimentary rocks of the Coast Range, (2) small streams draining the sedimentary uplands that form the shoreline adjacent to Tillamook Bay and erosion of the shoreline by waves and currents, and (3) marine sediments carried to Tillamook Bay by longshore drift from drainage basins north or south of the bay. Stratigraphic and radiocarbon analyses show that the Holocene fill in Tillamook Bay began to accumulate sometime before about 9,000 years ago in deep parts of prefill river valleys. The rate of accumulation generally coincided with the rate of world-wide sea-level rise--faster
(greater than about 3 meters per 1,000 years) up to about 7,000 years ago and slower (less than about 2 meters per 1,000 years) since that time. The vertical rate of accumulation at one core site seems to have been about the same from 3,300 years B.P. (before present) to the present, as it was from about 5,200 years B.P. to 3,300.
The operation of the Barrow, Alaska, magnetic observatory (lat. 71.32°N, long. 156.62°W) has been complicated because foundations for the instrument piers must be constructed on permafrost. Better understanding of environmental conditions and the availability of more modern instrumentation since the original construction have led to the design and construction of new piers to provide a more stable platform for the absolute and recording instruments. In May 1975, a digital- and analog-recording fluxgate and proton magnetometer system was installed to replace a conventional magnetograph. These changes in construction and recording instrumentation were made to permit unmanned operation, to provide digital data, and to improve the quality of the data collected. Nearly two years of observations under the new mode of operation have been examined and compared with prior observations. Preliminary results indicate that ranges in the baseline ' data were reduced by factors of 15.6 for horizontal intensity; 9.1 for declination; and 5.0 for vertical intensity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78213","usgsCitation":"Townshend, J.B., 1978, Improvements in magnetic observatory construction and operation in permafrost areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-213, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78213.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0213/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":499518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a499d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6431,"text":"pp1044A - 1978 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11262,"text":"ofr77347 - 1977 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","indexId":"ofr77347","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6431,"text":"pp1044A - 1978 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","indexId":"pp1044A","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T16:29:27.483672","indexId":"pp1044A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","chapter":"A","title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","docAbstract":"Long Valley caldera, an elliptical depression covering 450 km 2 on the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, contains a hot-water convection system with numerous hot springs and measured and estimated aquifer temperatures at depths of 180?C to 280?C. In this study we have synthesized the results of previous geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic investigations of the Long Valley area to develop a generalized conceptual and mathematical model which describes the gross features of heat and fluid flow in the hydrothermal system. \r\n\r\nCenozoic volcanism in the Long Valley region began about 3.2 m.y. (million years) ago and has continued intermittently until the present time. The major event that resulted in the formation of the Long Valley caldera took place about 0.7 m.y. ago with the eruption of 600 km 3 or more of Bishop Tuff of Pleistocene age, a rhyolitic ash flow, and subsequent collapse of the roof of the magma chamber along one or more steeply inclined ring fractures. Subsequent intracaldera volcanism and uplift of the west-central part of the caldera floor formed a subcircular resurgent dome about 10 km in diameter surrounded by a moat containing rhyolitic, rhyodacitic, and basaltic rocks ranging in age from 0.5 to 0.05 m.y. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of gravity and seismic studies, we estimate an aver- age thickness of fill of 2.4 km above the precaldera granitic and metamorphic basement rocks. A continuous layer of densely welded Bishop Tuff overlies the basement rocks, with an average thickness of 1.4 km; the fill above the welded Bishop Tuff consists of intercalated volcanic flows and tuffs and fluvial and lacustrine deposits. Assuming the average grain density of the fill is between 2.45 and 2.65 g/cm 3 , we calculate the average bulk porosity of the total fill as from 0.11 to 0.21. Comparison of published values of porosity of the welded Bishop Tuff exposed southeast of the caldera with calculated values indicates average bulk porosity for the welded tuff (including fracture porosity) from 0.05 to 0.10. Because of its continuity and depth and the likelihood of significant fracture permeability in the more competent rocks such as the welded tuff, our model of the hydrothermal system assumes that the Bishop Tuff provides the principal hot-water reservoir. However, because very little direct information exists from drill holes below 300 m, this assumption must be considered tentative. \r\n\r\nLong Valley caldera is drained by the Owens River and several tributaries which flow into Lake Crowley in the southeast end of the caldera. Streamflow and springflow measurements for water years 1964-74 indicate a total inflow to Lake Crowley of about 10,900 L/s. In contrast, the total discharge of hot water from the hydrothermal reservoir is about 300 L/s. For modeling purposes, the ground-water system is considered as comprising a shallow subsystem in the fill above the densely welded Bishop Tuff containing relatively cold ground water, and a deep subsystem or hydrothermal reservoir in the welded tuff containing relatively hot ground water. Hydrologic, isotopic, and thermal data indicate that recharge to the hydrothermal reservoir occurs in the upper Owens River drainage basin along the western periphery of the caldera. Temperature profiles in a 2.11- km-deep test well drilled by private industry in the southeastern part of the caldera suggest that an additional flux of relatively cool ground water recharges the deep subsystem around the northeast rim. Flow in the shallow ground-water subsystem is neglected in the model except in recharge areas and along Hot Creek gorge, where approximately 80 percent of the hot-water discharge from the hydrothermal reservoir moves upward along faults toward springs in the gorge. \r\n\r\nHeat-flow data from the Long Valley region indicate that the resurgent dome overlies a residual magma chamber more circular in plan than the original magma chamber that supplied the Bishop Tuff","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044A","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Lewis, R.E., and Olmsted, F.H., 1978, The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, Report: 60 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044A.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 25.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104540,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4695.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4695"},{"id":33841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.7778\n ],\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -118.635,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -118.635,\n 37.7778\n ],\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.7778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64da25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Robert Edward","contributorId":73595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29734,"text":"wri7893 - 1978 - Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:23:02","indexId":"wri7893","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-93","title":"Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware","docAbstract":"A flood-estimating method is presented which applies to drainage basins in Delaware without urban development and covers selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 100 years. The method was developed by multiple-regression techniques. The State is divided into two regions and sets of equations for calculating peak discharges based on physical basin characteristics are provided for each region. The boundary between regions generally corresponds with the division between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces. In the northern region, flood-peak discharges were related to basin drainage area and storage. In the southern region, flood peaks were related to drainage area, slope, storage, forest cover, and two composite soil categories. Standard errors of estimate for the regression equations in the northern region ranged from 30 to 39 percent. For the southern region, the standard errors of estimate varied from 38 to 40 percent. Without using the two soil parameters in the southern region, the standard errors of estimate varied from 57 to 70 percent. Annual flood peaks, basin characteristics, and flood-frequency distributions are tabulated for the 60-gaged sites used in the regression analysis. At 23 of these sites, a rainfall-runoff model generated additional flood-peak data which were used in defining the flood-frequency distributions. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7893","usgsCitation":"Simmons, R., and Carpenter, D., 1978, Technique for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-93, Report: iv, 69 p.; 3 Plates: 41.54 x 37.12 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7893.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 69 p.; 3 Plates: 41.54 x 37.12 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369133,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369134,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369135,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369136,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -75.816650390625,\n 38.436379603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, R.H.","contributorId":19982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, D.H.","contributorId":34551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6046,"text":"pp1071 - 1978 - Reconstruction of crustal blocks of California on the basis of initial strontium isotopic compositions of Mesozoic granitic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:56","indexId":"pp1071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1071","title":"Reconstruction of crustal blocks of California on the basis of initial strontium isotopic compositions of Mesozoic granitic rocks","docAbstract":"Initial 87Sr/ 86 Sr was determined for samples of Mesozoic granitic rocks in the vicinity of the Garlock fault zone in California. These data along with similar data from the Sierra Nevada and along the San Andreas fault system permit a reconstruction of basement rocks offset by the Cenozoic lateral faulting along both the San Andreas and Garlock fault systems. \r\n\r\nThe location of the line of initial 87Sr/ 86 Sr = 0.7060 can be related to the edge of the Precambrian continental crust in the western United States. Our model explains the present configuration of the edge of Precambrian continental crust as the result of two stages of rifting that occurred about 1,250 to 800 m.y. ago, during Belt sedimentation, and about 600 to 350 m.y. ago, prior to and during the development of the Cordilleran geosyncline and to left-lateral translation along a locus of disturbance identified in the central Mojave Desert. The variations in Rb, Sr, and initial 87Sr/ 86 Sr of the Mesozoic granitic rocks are interpreted as due to variations in composition and age of the source materials of the granitic rocks. The variations of Rb, Sr, and initial 87Sr/ 86 Sr in Mesozoic granitic rocks, the sedimentation history during the late Precambrian and Paleozoic, and the geographic position of loci of Mesozoic magmatism in the western United States are related to the development of the continental margin and different types of lithosphere during rifting.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1071","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., and Peterman, Z., 1978, Reconstruction of crustal blocks of California on the basis of initial strontium isotopic compositions of Mesozoic granitic rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1071, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1071.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, Ronald Wayne","contributorId":27857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":152010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26763,"text":"wri7890 - 1978 - Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri7890","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-90","title":"Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model","docAbstract":"A computer program of a watershed model for routing urban flood discharges through a branched system of pipes or natural channels using rainfall as input has been developed and documented. The model combines soil-moisture-accounting and rainfall-excess components developed by Dawdy and others (1972) with the kinematic-wave routing method presented by Leclerc and Schaake (1973). (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center, National Space Technology Laboratories,","doi":"10.3133/wri7890","usgsCitation":"Dawdy, D., Schaake, J.C., and Alley, W., 1978, Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-90, iv, 146 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7890.","productDescription":"iv, 146 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55653,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cbe4b07f02db5d83e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaake, John C. Jr.","contributorId":76359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26729,"text":"wri7828 - 1978 - Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:32:57.591045","indexId":"wri7828","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-28","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Mines plans to develop an underground oil-shale research facility near the center of Piceance Creek basin in Colorado. The oil-shale zone, which is to be penetrated by a shaft, is overlain by 1,400 feet of sedimentary rocks, primarily sandstone and marlstone, consisting of two aquifers separated by a confining layer. Three test holes were drilled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to obtain samples of the oil shale, and to test the hydraulic properties of the two aquifers. The data collected during construction of the test holes were used to update an existing ground-water-flow computer model. The model was used to estimate the maximum amount of water that would have to be pumped to dewater the shaft during its construction. It is estimated that it would be necessary to pump as much as 3,080 gallons per minute to keep the shaft dry. Disposal of waste water and rock are the principal hydrologic problems associated with constructing the shaft. (Woodard-
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7828","usgsCitation":"Dale, R.H., and Weeks, J., 1978, Hydrologic analysis of the U.S. Bureau of Mines' underground oil-shale research-facility site, Piceance Creek Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-28, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7828.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35240.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","city":"Piceance Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.939\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.906\n ],\n [\n -108.292,\n 39.906\n ],\n [\n -108.292,\n 39.939\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 39.939\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a889a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, R. H.","contributorId":98711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8453,"text":"ofr78266 - 1978 - Five-day recorder seismic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:05","indexId":"ofr78266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-266","title":"Five-day recorder seismic system","docAbstract":"The 10-day recorder seismic system used by the USGS since 1965 has been modified substantially to improve its dynamic range and frequency response, to decrease its power consumption and physical complexity, and to make its recordings more compatible with other NCER systems to facilitate data processing. The principal changes include:\r\n\r\n 1. increasing tape speed from 15/160 ips to 15/80 ips (reducing running time from 10 days to 5 days with a 14' reel of 1 mil tape),\r\n\r\n 2. increasing the FM center frequency by a factor of 4, from 84.4 Hz to 337.6 Hz,\r\n\r\n 3. replacing the original amplifiers and FM modulators with new low-power units,\r\n\r\n 4. replacing the chronometer with a higher quality time code generator (with IRIG-C) to permit automation of data retrieval,\r\n\r\n 5. eliminating the amplifier/WWVB radio field case by incorporating these elements, along with the new TCG, in the weatherproof tape-recorder box,\r\n\r\n 6. reducing the power consumption of the motor-drive circuit by removal of a redundant component.\r\n\r\nIn the new system, the tape-recorder case houses all components except the seismometers, the WWVB antenna, the 70-amp-hour 12-VDC battery (which powers the system for 5 days), and the cables to connect these external elements to the recorder box.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this report are:\r\n\r\n 1. to describe the new 5-day-recorder seismic system in terms of its constituent parts and their functions,\r\n\r\n 2. to describe modifications to parts of the original system that were retained and to document new or replacement components with appropriate circuit diagrams and constructional details,\r\n\r\n 3. to provide detailed instructions for the correct adjustment or alignment of the system in the laboratory, and\r\n\r\n 4. to provide detailed instructions for installing and operating the system in the field. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78266","usgsCitation":"Criley, E., Eaton, J.P., and Ellis, J., 1978, Five-day recorder seismic system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-266, 85 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (86 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78266.","productDescription":"85 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (86 p. - PGS)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_78_266.gif"},{"id":14390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ede4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criley, Ed","contributorId":30626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Jim","contributorId":12035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28358,"text":"wri787 - 1978 - A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri787","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-7","title":"A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins","docAbstract":"Maps depicting the influence of a climatic factor, C, on the magnitude of synthetic T-year (annual) floods were prepared for a large portion of the eastern United States. The climatic factors were developed by regression analysis of flood data using a parametric rainfall-runoff model and long-term rainfall records. Map estimates of C values and calibrated values of rainfall-runoff model parameters were used as variables in a synthetic T-year flood relation to compute ' map-model ' flood estimates for 98 small drainage basins in a six-state study area. Improved estimates of T-year floods were computed as a weighted average of the map-model estimate and an observed estimate, with the weights proportional to the relative accuracies of the two estimates. The accuracy of the map-model estimates was appraised by decomposing components of variance into average time-sampling error associated with the observed estimates and average map-model error. Map-model estimates have an accuracy, in terms of equivalent length of observed record, that ranges from 6 years for the 1.25-year flood up to 30 years for the 50- and 100-year flood. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri787","usgsCitation":"Lichty, R.W., and Liscum, F., 1978, A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-7, iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri787.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57162,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a870a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichty, Robert W.","contributorId":7697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10834,"text":"ofr78961 - 1978 - An abbreviation key for the DASCH System: A lithostratigraphic information storage and retrieval system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T23:16:01.8293","indexId":"ofr78961","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-961","title":"An abbreviation key for the DASCH System: A lithostratigraphic information storage and retrieval system","docAbstract":"DASCH is a computer-based information storage and retrieval system which accepts lithostratigraphic information and produces both graphic and tabular compilations. This system has been modified for use on the U.S.G.S. MULTICS computer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78961","usgsCitation":"Reinhardt, J., and Van Driel, J.N., 1978, An abbreviation key for the DASCH System: A lithostratigraphic information storage and retrieval system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-961, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78961.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0961/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0961/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinhardt, Juergen","contributorId":88714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Driel, J. Nicholas","contributorId":80688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Driel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26398,"text":"wri783 - 1978 - Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T21:03:04.34674","indexId":"wri783","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-3","title":"Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","docAbstract":"A steady increase in the chloride and nitrate content of water in a sand and gravel aquifer of glacial origin in the Cortland, N.Y., area prompted a study to obtain data on the extent and source of these constituents. Chloride concentration in the upper part of the aquifer increased generally from 2 mg/liter in 1930 to 20 mg/liter in 1976, and nitrate concentration (as nitrogen) in the upper part of the aquifer increased from 1 mg/liter in 1930 to an average of 4 mg/liter in 1976. Although the ground water is normally very hard, its quality generally meets State standards for source waters used for drinking. Road salting and farming seem to be the primary cause of chloride increases, although septic systems may be a major source locally. Farm-animal waste, sewage systems, and fertilizers are the major contributors of nitrate to ground water. Flow in the aquifer system in the Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin was simulated with a digital-computer model. The model was calibrated by comparing measured water levels in the aquifer with those determined by the model. The major sources of recharge are from precipitation and seepage from losing reaches of the streams. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri783","usgsCitation":"Buller, W., Nichols, W.J., and Harsh, J.F., 1978, Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-3, ix, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri783.","productDescription":"ix, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35242.htm"},{"id":55190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cortland County","otherGeospatial":"Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.162,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.162,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buller, William","contributorId":16449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buller","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harsh, J. F.","contributorId":77535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29276,"text":"wri7868 - 1978 - Comparison of the radioactive and modified techniques for measurement of stream reaeration coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:37:07","indexId":"wri7868","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-68","title":"Comparison of the radioactive and modified techniques for measurement of stream reaeration coefficients","docAbstract":"The radioactive and modified tracer techniques were used to measure the reaeration coefficients of two reaches each of Black Earth Creek and the Madison Effluent Channel near Madison, Wis. Comparison of the results showed that coefficients measured with the modified technique ranged from -8.96 to +3.61 and from +15.7 to +32.2 percent different from the coefficient measured with the radioactive tracer technique on the two reaches of Black Earth Creek. The larger coefficients measured with the modified technique on the second reach were attributed to increased wind conditions during the latter part of the modified-technique experiment. Interpretation of the results of the Madison Effluent Channel study was complicated by an unsteady flow condition during the modified-technique experiment. It was necessary to estimate the part of the reduction in the area under the dye concentration-versus-time curve that was the result of dye loss and the part that was the result of the increase in water discharge. Using these estimated values, the coefficients measured with the modified technique ranged from +25.3 to +57.9 and from -4.74 to +2.94 percent different from the coefficient measured with the radioactive technique on the two reaches of the Madison Effluent Channel.
\nReaeration coefficients were predicted for the 4 stream reaches with 19 predictive equations from the literature. The range of the predicted coefficients for each of the reaches varied from about a 6-fold range for the first reach of the Madison Effluent Channel to an almost 11-fold range for the second reach of Black Earth Creek.
\nThere are advantages and disadvantages to both the radioactive and modified tracer techniques. The main advantage of the radioactive technique is that the tracer gas is chemically inert; the main disadvantage is that a radioactive isotope of the gas must be used to obtain the necessary analytical sensitivity. The main advantage of the modified technique is that radioactive tracers are not necessary; the main disadvantage is that the hydrocarbon tracer gases may be subject to biological degradation and sorption losses. Results of this comparison study suggest that the modified technique is a promising alternative to the use of radioactive tracers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7868","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Grant, R.S., 1978, Comparison of the radioactive and modified techniques for measurement of stream reaeration coefficients: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-68, vii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7868.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Madison, Mazomanie","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, R. Stephen","contributorId":83125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19430,"text":"ofr781016 - 1978 - Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr781016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1016","title":"Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","docAbstract":"Modern surface faulting along the Picacho fault, east of Picacho, Arizona, has been attributed to ground-water withdrawal. In September 1977, three exploratory test holes were drilled 5 km east of Picacho and across the Picacho fault to investigate subsurface conditions and the mechanism of the faulting. The holes were logged by conventional geophysical and geologic methods. Piezometers were set in each hole and have been monitored since September 1977. The drilling indicates that the unconsolidated alluvium beneath the surface fault is approximately 310 m thick. Drilling and piezometer data and an associated seismic refraction survey indicate that the modern faulting is coincident with a preexisting, high-angle, normal fault that offsets units within the alluvium as well as the underlying bedrock. Piezometer and neutron log data indicate that the preexisting fault behaves as a partial ground-water barrier. Monitoring of the piezometers indicates that the magnitude of the man-induced difference in water level across the preexisting fault is seasonal in nature, essentially disappearing during periods of water-level recovery. The magnitude of the seasonal difference in water level, however, appears to be sufficient to account for the modern fault offset by localized differential compaction caused by a difference in water level across the preexisting fault. In addition, repeated level surveys since September 1977 of bench marks across the surface fault and near the piezometers have indicated fault movement that corresponds to fluctuations of water level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781016","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1978, Results and interpretation of exploratory drilling near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1016, ii, 38 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (41 p., 3 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781016.","productDescription":"ii, 38 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (41 p., 3 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48904,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48905,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48906,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7526,"text":"ofr78801 - 1978 - A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:57:26.57247","indexId":"ofr78801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-801","title":"A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Geochemical sampling of a tier of eight 7 1/2-minute quadrangles bordered by latitudes 32° 45'and 33° 00' N. and longitudes 108° 00' and 108° 30' W. was begun in the fall of 1974 and continued seasonally until completion in the fall of 1976. These quadrangles are in southwest New Mexico and include the well-known mineral deposits of the Silver City area. The sampling was designed to gain semidetailed information on the metal-anomaly characteristics of the strongly mineralized area surrounding Silver City, New Mexico, and to seek geochemical clues for the continuation of these mineral deposits beneath overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks to the north.
The data obtained within areas of known mineral deposits provide information on the metallogenic processes and metal suites that both relate and distinguish metal systems. Evaluation of this information relative to the regional geologic framework and the distribution of known mineral deposits will result in the identification of additional target areas for exploration, as well as further our understanding of the geochemical characteristics of mineralized areas. Extrapolation of models developed from the study of areas of known, exposed mineralization to areas covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks, such as the northern part of this tier of quadrangles, is a promising procedure for continuing research into geochemical-anomaly characteristics of covered mineral deposits.
Preliminary interpretation of the data indicates that the southern part of the area in which Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks and mineral deposits are exposed, should be reassessed to the classification and genesis of some of the deposits and to the types of mineral commodities that may be present. Some wholly new exploration targets within these areas are also indicated by some of the data. In addition, geochemical clues to buried mineral deposits, possibly representing continuation northward of some features of the Silver City mining district, have been observed in data from the northern, Tertiary volcanic areas. The meanings of these clues are still speculative.
For this study, 917 stream-sediment and 921 stream-sediment concentrate samples were collected. The stream-sediment-concentrate samples, which consist of heavy minerals, were split into magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions, each of which was analyzed. This resulted in the analysis of 1,842 heavy-mineral and 917 sieved stream-sediment samples.
Analytical results for all of the sample types are summarized statistically on table 1 and tabulated in their entirety on table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78801","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.C., Hassemer, J., Siems, D.F., and Nishi, J.M., 1978, A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-801, i, 247 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78801.","productDescription":"i, 247 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Silver 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Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, K. C.","contributorId":49344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassemer, J.R.","contributorId":18761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishi, J. M.","contributorId":89886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishi","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7904,"text":"ofr78119 - 1978 - Electron-microprobe study of chromitites associated with alpine ultramafic complexes and some genetic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:59","indexId":"ofr78119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-119","title":"Electron-microprobe study of chromitites associated with alpine ultramafic complexes and some genetic implications","docAbstract":"Electron-microprobe and petrographic studies of alpine chromite deposits from around the world demonstrate that they are bimodal with respect to the chromic oxide content of their chromite. The two modes occur at 54 ? 4 and 37 ? 3 weight per cent chromic oxide corresponding to chromite designated as high-chromium and high-aluminum chromite respectively. The high-chromium chromite occurs exclusively with highly magnesian olivine (Fo92-97) and some interstitial diopside. The high-aluminum chromite is associated with more ferrous olivine (Fo88-92), diopside, enstatite, and feldspar.\r\n\r\nThe plot of the mole ratios Cr/(Cr+Al+Fe3+) vs. Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) usually presented for alpine chromite is shown to have a high-chromium, high-iron to low-chromium, low-iron trend contrary to that shown by stratiform chromite. This trend is characteristic of alpine type chromite and is termed the alpine trend. However, a trend similar to that for startiform chromite is discernable on the graph for the high-chromium chromite data. This latter trend is well-developed at Red Mountain, Seldovia, Alaska.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of the iron-magnesium distribution coefficient, Kd=(Fe/Mg)ol/(Fe/Mg)ch, between olivine and chromite shows that Kd for the high-chromium chromite from all ultramafic complexes has essentially the same constant value of .05 while the distribution coefficient for the high-aluminum chromite varies with composition of the chromite. These distribution coefficients are also characteristic of alpine-type chromites. The constant value for Kd for the high-chromium chromite and associated high-magnesium olivine in all alpine complexes suggests that they all crystallized under similar physico-chemical conditions.\r\n\r\nThe two types of massive chromite and their associations of silicate minerals suggest the possibility of two populations with different origins. Recrystallization textures associated with the high-aluminum chromite together with field relationships between the gabbro and the chromite pods, suggest that the high-aluminum chromite was formed by metamorphic recrystallization of the ultramafic rocks and adjacent gabbro.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78119","usgsCitation":"Bird, M.L., 1978, Electron-microprobe study of chromitites associated with alpine ultramafic complexes and some genetic implications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-119, vi, 39 leaves, 15 leaves of ill. :ill. ;27 cm.; (61 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78119.","productDescription":"vi, 39 leaves, 15 leaves of ill. :ill. ;27 cm.; (61 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0119/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35451,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6052c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, M. L.","contributorId":77176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19128,"text":"ofr78949 - 1978 - Geology of the uranium prospect at Camp Smith, New York, with a new model for the formation of uranium deposits in metamorphosed submarine volcanogenic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T09:27:08","indexId":"ofr78949","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-949","title":"Geology of the uranium prospect at Camp Smith, New York, with a new model for the formation of uranium deposits in metamorphosed submarine volcanogenic rocks","docAbstract":"Uraninite of Precambrian age occurs locally in and around a massive sulfide deposit at Camp Smith, Westchester and Putnam Counties, New York. The host rocks are believed to be part of a sequence of marine sediments and submarine volcanogenic rocks that were metamorphosed to leucogneisses, amphibolites, and amphoholite gneisses in the granulite facies. Ore grade concentrations of uraninite occur (1) in the outer Cu-Ni-bearing zone of the sulfide body; (2) in magnetite-rich and scapolite-rich layers within amphibolite gneiss; and (3) in amphibole-quartz-feldspar + pyroxene pegmatites. The uranium-rich horizons are generally near the contact between rocks of keratophyre and spilite affinities.
It is suggested that the iron oxide, uranium-rich, and sulfide-rich horizons and their host rocks were originally deposited in the distal, volcanogenic, massive sulfide environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78949","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R.I., 1978, Geology of the uranium prospect at Camp Smith, New York, with a new model for the formation of uranium deposits in metamorphosed submarine volcanogenic rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-949, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78949.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":362059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0949/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0949/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Camp Smith","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.19622318190573\n ],\n [\n -73.43948364257812,\n 41.19622318190573\n ],\n [\n -73.43948364257812,\n 41.766190406938684\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.766190406938684\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.19622318190573\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26657,"text":"wri7871 - 1978 - Digital-model simulation of the glacial-outwash aquifer, Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T19:59:49.388781","indexId":"wri7871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-71","title":"Digital-model simulation of the glacial-outwash aquifer, Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","docAbstract":"The city of Cortland, New York, and surrounding areas obtain water from the highly productive glacial-outwash aquifer underlying the Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin. Pumpage from the aquifer in 1976 was approximately 6.3 million gallons per day and is expected to increase as a result of population growth and urbanization. A digital ground-water model that uses a finite-difference approximation technique to solve partial differential equations of flow through a porous medium was used to simulate the movement of water within the aquifer. The model was calibrated to equilibrium conditions by comparing water levels measured in the aquifer in March 1976 with those computed by the model. Then, from the simulated water-level surface for March, a transient-condition run was made to simulate the surface as measured in September 1976. Computed water levels presented as contours are generally in close agreement with potentiometric-surface maps prepared from field measurements of March and September 1976.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7871","usgsCitation":"Cosner, O.J., and Harsh, J.F., 1978, Digital-model simulation of the glacial-outwash aquifer, Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-71, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7871.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413775,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35265.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cortland County","otherGeospatial":"Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.167,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.167,\n 42.617\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.617\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.167,\n 42.542\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosner, O. J.","contributorId":19587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harsh, J. F.","contributorId":77535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66275,"text":"i1087 - 1978 - Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T11:09:56","indexId":"i1087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1087","title":"Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"The White River is the largest stream in the southeastern part of the Uinta Basin in Utah and Colorado. This map shows the changes that have occurred in the location of the main channel of the river from 1936 to 1974. The map indicated that certain reaches of the river are subject to different rates of channel migration. Also shown is the boundary of the flood plain, which is mapped at the point of abrupt break in slope. This map documents the position of the river channel prior to any withdrawals of water or alteration of the flow characteristics of the white river that may occur in order to meet water requirements principally associated with the proposed oil-shale industry or other development in the area.
The channel locations were determined from aerial photographs taken at four different time periods for the following Federal agencies: In 1936, U.S. Soil Conservation Services; 1953, U.S. Corps of Engineers; 1965, U.S. Geological Survey; and in 1974, U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The 1936 delineation, which is actually based upon photographs that were taken in 1936 and 1937, was made by projection of the original photographs on a base map that was prepared from 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. The 1953, 1965, and 1974 delineations were produced from stereographic models. The 1965 delineation was compiled from photographs that were taken during 1962-65. The delineation is labeled as 1965 for simplicity, however, because the photographs for 1965 cover about 60 percent of the study read of the river, and because no changed were discernable in those areas of repetitive photographic coverage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Jurado, A., and Fields, F.K., 1978, Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1087, 1 Map: 33.95 x 39.64 Inches; Cover: 9.20 x 11.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1087.","productDescription":"1 Map: 33.95 x 39.64 Inches; Cover: 9.20 x 11.87 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":255735,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/plate-1.pdf","text":"Map I-1087","size":"8.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/report.pdf","text":"Folio Cover","size":"29.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin, White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ], [ -109.70083333333334,40.1175 ], [ -109,40.1175 ], [ -109,39.916666666666664 ], [ -109.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurado, Antonio","contributorId":73264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurado","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, Fred K.","contributorId":69981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9006,"text":"ofr78321 - 1978 - Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:00","indexId":"ofr78321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-321","title":"Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78321","usgsCitation":"Mark, R.K., Harwood, D.S., Doell, R., and Newman, E.B., 1978, Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-321, 82 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (84 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78321.","productDescription":"82 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (84 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwood, D. S.","contributorId":48937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, E. B.","contributorId":52571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"E.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}