{"pageNumber":"1576","pageRowStart":"39375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184553,"records":[{"id":70044901,"text":"70044901 - 2012 - Industrial diamond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T19:49:57","indexId":"70044901","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial diamond","docAbstract":"Estimated 2011 world production of natural and synthetic industrial diamond was about 4.45 billion carats. During 2011, natural industrial diamonds were produced in more than 20 countries, and synthetic industrial diamond was produced in at least 13 countries. About 98 percent of the combined natural and synthetic global output was produced in China, Ireland, Japan, Russia, South Africa and the United States. China is the world's leading producer of synthetic industrial diamond followed by Russia and the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., 2012, Industrial diamond: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 62-63.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-028654","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf370e4b0d8907b28820f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, D.W.","contributorId":82369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046097,"text":"70046097 - 2012 - Impact disruption and recovery of the deep subsurface biosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T15:03:53","indexId":"70046097","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact disruption and recovery of the deep subsurface biosphere","docAbstract":"Although a large fraction of the world's biomass resides in the subsurface, there has been no study of the effects of catastrophic disturbance on the deep biosphere and the rate of its subsequent recovery. We carried out an investigation of the microbiology of a 1.76 km drill core obtained from the ~35 million-year-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA, with robust contamination control. Microbial enumerations displayed a logarithmic downward decline, but the different gradient, when compared to previously studied sites, and the scatter of the data are consistent with a microbiota influenced by the geological disturbances caused by the impact. Microbial abundance is low in buried crater-fill, ocean-resurge, and avalanche deposits despite the presence of redox couples for growth. Coupled with the low hydraulic conductivity, the data suggest the microbial community has not yet recovered from the impact ~35 million years ago. Microbial enumerations, molecular analysis of microbial enrichment cultures, and geochemical analysis showed recolonization of a deep region of impact-fractured rock that was heated to above the upper temperature limit for life at the time of impact. These results show how, by fracturing subsurface rocks, impacts can extend the depth of the biosphere. This phenomenon would have provided deep refugia for life on the more heavily bombarded early Earth, and it shows that the deeply fractured regions of impact craters are promising targets to study the past and present habitability of Mars.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astrobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2011.0722","usgsCitation":"Cockell, C.S., Voytek, M.A., Gronstal, A.L., Finster, K., Kirshtein, J.D., Howard, K., Reitner, J., Gohn, G., Sanford, W.E., Horton, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kelly, L., and Powars, D.S., 2012, Impact disruption and recovery of the deep subsurface biosphere: Astrobiology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 231-246, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0722.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"246","ipdsId":"IP-021854","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273337,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0722"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05de7e4b030b519801237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cockell, Charles S.","contributorId":22646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronstal, Aaron L.","contributorId":17510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronstal","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finster, Kai","contributorId":79383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finster","given":"Kai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howard, Kieren","contributorId":68632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Kieren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reitner, Joachim","contributorId":50431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitner","given":"Joachim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory S.","contributorId":50155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kallmeyer, Jens","contributorId":97803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallmeyer","given":"Jens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kelly, Laura","contributorId":77826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70042833,"text":"70042833 - 2012 - Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T12:43:05","indexId":"70042833","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology","docAbstract":"In 1986, during the first year of graduate school, the lead author was sampling the water from a pitcher pump in front of “The Shack,” the setting of the opening essays in Aldo Leopold's renowned book A Sand County Almanac. The sampling was part of my Master's work that included quarterly monitoring of water quality on the Leopold Memorial Reserve (LMR) near Baraboo, Wisconsin. The Shack was already a well-known landmark, and it was common to come upon visitors and hikers there. As such, I took no special note of the man who approached me as I was filling sample bottles and asked, as was typical, “What are you doing?”","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Meine, C., 2012, Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 6, p. 966-970, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"970","ipdsId":"IP-038760","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a69e4b0a50a6e8f5829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meine, Curt","contributorId":38881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meine","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045106,"text":"70045106 - 2012 - Improving PAGER's real-time earthquake casualty and loss estimation toolkit: a challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T13:42:25","indexId":"70045106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improving PAGER's real-time earthquake casualty and loss estimation toolkit: a challenge","docAbstract":"We describe the on-going developments of PAGER’s loss estimation models, and discuss value-added web content that can be generated related to exposure, damage and loss outputs for a variety of PAGER users. These developments include identifying vulnerable building types in any given area, estimating earthquake-induced damage and loss statistics by building type, and developing visualization aids that help locate areas of concern for improving post-earthquake response efforts. While detailed exposure and damage information is highly useful and desirable, significant improvements are still necessary in order to improve underlying building stock and vulnerability data at a global scale. Existing efforts with the GEM’s GED4GEM and GVC consortia will help achieve some of these objectives. This will benefit PAGER especially in regions where PAGER’s empirical model is less-well constrained; there, the semi-empirical and analytical models will provide robust estimates of damage and losses. Finally, we outline some of the challenges associated with rapid casualty and loss estimation that we experienced while responding to recent large earthquakes worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEM","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D., 2012, Improving PAGER's real-time earthquake casualty and loss estimation toolkit: a challenge, <i>in</i> The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037996","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274112,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_2539.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a66e4b0a50a6e8f57f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, K. S.","contributorId":105564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043511,"text":"70043511 - 2012 - Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T12:14:28","indexId":"70043511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing","docAbstract":"The rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation from groundwater are highly pH dependent. Elevated levels of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> can depress pH and cause difficulty in removing dissolved Fe and associated metals during treatment of ferruginous water. This paper demonstrates interdependent changes in pH, dissolved inorganic C species, and Fe(II) oxidation rates that occur as a result of the removal (degassing) of CO<sub>2</sub> during aeration of waters discharged from abandoned coal mines. The results of field monitoring of aeration cascades at a treatment facility as well as batchwise aeration experiments conducted using net alkaline and net acidic waters in the UK are combined with geochemical modelling to demonstrate the spatial and temporal evolution of the discharge water chemistry. The aeration cascades removed approximately 67% of the dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> initially present but varying the design did not affect the concentration of Fe(II) leaving the treatment ponds. Continued removal of the residual CO<sub>2</sub> by mechanical aeration increased pH by as much as 2 units and resulted in large increases in the rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation. Effective exsolution of CO<sub>2</sub> led to a reduction in the required lime dose for removal of remaining Fe(II), a very important factor with regard to increasing the sustainability of treatment practices. An important ancillary finding for passive treatment is that varying the design of the cascades had little impact on the rate of CO<sub>2</sub> removal at the flow rates measured.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017","usgsCitation":"Geroni, J., Cravotta, C., and Sapsford, D., 2012, Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2335-2347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2335","endPage":"2347","ipdsId":"IP-036541","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017"}],"volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58abe4b0b290850f83e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geroni, J.N.","contributorId":21054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geroni","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapsford, D.J.","contributorId":85490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapsford","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044291,"text":"70044291 - 2012 - Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T15:26:20","indexId":"70044291","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"4-Nonylphenols (4-NPs) are known endocrine disruptors and by-products of the microbial degradation of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants. One of the challenges to understanding the toxic effects of nonylphenols is the large number of isomers that may exist in environmental samples. In order to attribute toxic effects to specific compounds, a method is needed for the separation and quantitation of individual nonylphenol isomers. The pre-concentration methods of solvent sublimation, solid-phase extraction or liquid–liquid extraction prior to chromatographic analysis can be problematic because of co-extraction of thousands of compounds typically found in complex matrices such as municipal wastewater or landfill leachate. In the present study, steam distillation extraction (SDE) was found to be an effective pre-concentration method for extraction of 4-NPs from leachate and wastewater, and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled with fast mass spectral data acquisition by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS) enhanced the resolution and identification of 4-NP isomers. Concentrations of eight 4-NP isomers were determined in leachate from landfill cells of different age and wastewater influent and effluent samples. 4-NP isomers were about 3 times more abundant in leachate from the younger cell than the older one, whereas concentrations in wastewater effluent were either below detection limits or <1% of influent concentrations. 4-NP isomer distribution patterns were found to have been altered following release to the environment. This is believed to reflect isomer-specific degradation and accumulation of 4-NPs in the aquatic environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chromatography A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.109","usgsCitation":"Zhang, C., Eganhouse, R., Pontolillo, J., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Wang, Y., 2012, Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1230, p. 110-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-030281","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268627,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.109"}],"volume":"1230","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178fee3e4b0d842c705f6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Caixiang","contributorId":61321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Caixiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pontolillo, James jpontoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"James","email":"jpontoli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Yanxin","contributorId":81389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Yanxin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039626,"text":"70039626 - 2012 - Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:34:12","indexId":"70039626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera","docAbstract":"Characterizing the vigor of magmatic activity in Yellowstone requires knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of heat transport between magma and the ground surface. We present results from a heat flow study in two vapor dominated, acid-sulfate thermal areas in the Yellowstone Caldera, the 0.11 km<sup>2</sup> Obsidian Pool Thermal Area (OPTA) and the 0.25 km<sup>2</sup> Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area (SPTA). Conductive heat flux through a low permeability layer capping large vapor reservoirs is calculated from soil temperature measurements at >600 locations and from laboratory measurements of soil properties. The conductive heat output is 3.6 ± 0.4 MW and 7.5 ± 0.4 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively. The advective heat output from soils is 1.3 ± 0.3 MW and 1.2 ± 0.3 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively and the heat output from thermal pools in the OPTA is 6.8 ± 1.4 MW. These estimates result in a total heat output of 11.8 ± 1.4 MW and 8.8 ± 0.4 MW from OPTA and SPTA, respectively. Focused zones of high heat flux in both thermal areas are roughly aligned with regional faults suggesting that faults in both areas serve as conduits for the rising acid vapor. Extrapolation of the average heat flux from the OPTA (103 ± 2 W·m<sup>−2</sup>) and SPTA (35 ± 3 W·m<sup>−2</sup>) to the ~35 km<sup>2</sup> of vapor dominated areas in Yellowstone yields 3.6 and 1.2 GW, respectively, which is less than the total heat output transported by steam from the Yellowstone Caldera as estimated by the chloride inventory method (4.0 to 8.0 GW).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012JB009463","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Harris, R., Werner, C.A., and Murphy, F., 2012, Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B10, B10207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009463.","productDescription":"B10207","ipdsId":"IP-040244","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274157,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009463"}],"country":"United States","volume":"117","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe3e4b0d298e5434c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Robert","contributorId":32811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia Anne","contributorId":20237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045622,"text":"70045622 - 2012 - Fluorspar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T15:15:20","indexId":"70045622","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorspar","docAbstract":"World fluorspar demand continued to show signs of recovery from 2008-2009 recession. In 2011, nearly all fluorspar (CaF<sub>2</sub>) consumed in the United States was imported. Hastie Mining and Trucking Co. produced some fluorspar as a byproduct from its limestone quarry operations in Illinois. In addition, a small amount of usable synthetic fluorspar was produced from industrial waste streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 2012, Fluorspar: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 51-52.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf367e4b0d8907b2881b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.","contributorId":13178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044022,"text":"70044022 - 2012 - Late Pleistocene Colus stimpsoni (Mörch, 1868) (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from a seabed core (2520 m) in the western North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-21T11:21:45","indexId":"70044022","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3574,"text":"The Nautilus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene Colus stimpsoni (Mörch, 1868) (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from a seabed core (2520 m) in the western North Atlantic","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Nautilus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum","usgsCitation":"Rex, M., Chaytor, J., and Stuart, C., 2012, Late Pleistocene Colus stimpsoni (Mörch, 1868) (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from a seabed core (2520 m) in the western North Atlantic: The Nautilus, v. 126, no. 2, p. 86-87.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-035455","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e35e4b0c89b8f120e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rex, Michael","contributorId":71467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rex","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D.","contributorId":88637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuart, Carol","contributorId":82605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043301,"text":"70043301 - 2012 - Food security in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-24T10:43:53","indexId":"70043301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3427,"text":"Solutions Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food security in a changing climate","docAbstract":"By 2080 the effects of climate change—on heat waves, floods, sea level rise, and drought—could push an additional 600 million people into malnutrition and increase the number of people facing water scarcity by 1.8 billion. The precise impacts will, however, strongly depend on socioeconomic conditions such as local markets and food import dependence. In the near term, two factors are also changing the nature of food security: (1) rapid urbanization, with the proportion of the global population living in urban areas expanding from 13 percent in 1975 to greater than 50 percent at present, and (2) trade and domestic market liberalization since 1993, which has promoted removal of import controls, deregulation of prices, and the loss of preferential markets for many small economies.\n\nOver the last two years, the worst drought in decades has devastated eastern Africa. The resulting food-security crisis has affected roughly 13 million people and has reminded us that there is still a long way to go in addressing current climate-related risks. In the face of such profound changes and uncertainties, our approaches to food security must evolve. In this article, we describe four key elements that, in our view, will be essential to the success of efforts to address the linked challenges of food security and climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solutions Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Solutions","usgsCitation":"Pulwarty, R., Eilerts, G., and Verdin, J., 2012, Food security in a changing climate: Solutions Journal, v. 3, no. 1, p. 31-34.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-037246","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272780,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/1054"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be0e4b0e4245580656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger","contributorId":28149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":99647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003830,"text":"70003830 - 2012 - Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T10:08:23","indexId":"70003830","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"An understanding of the process of local adaptation would allow managers to better protect and conserve species. Many salmonids are in need of such efforts, and because they often persist in differing, isolated environments, they are useful organisms for studying local adaptation. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of salmonids provides a likely target for natural selection. We studied thermal adaptation in four wild populations and one hatchery stock of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi . The mean summer temperatures of source streams ranged from 6.7°C to 11.2°C. Embryos were collected from the wild, and embryonic development, embryonic survival, and juvenile growth were determined. A significant relationship between median embryonic survival and source stream temperature was detected. Based on a rank test, populations from colder streams had a greater decline in median embryonic survival at warm temperatures than populations from warmer streams. Embryonic development and juvenile growth did not appear to be influenced by source. These findings suggest that populations are thermally adapted to their source streams and this should be considered by managers. However, further study is necessary to sort out the potential confounding factors, whether genetic or epigenetic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.675907","usgsCitation":"Drinan, D.P., Zale, A.V., Webb, M.A., Taper, M.L., Shepard, B.B., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2012, Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 4, p. 872-880, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"880","ipdsId":"IP-029234","costCenters":[{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269984,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675907"}],"volume":"141","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171ede4b087909f0bbe9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drinan, Daniel P.","contributorId":37614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drinan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Molly A.H.","contributorId":64121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taper, Mark L.","contributorId":105192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalinowski, Steven T.","contributorId":78465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042777,"text":"70042777 - 2012 - Ecological effects of climate change on salt marsh wildlife: a case study from a highly urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:20:56","indexId":"70042777","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological effects of climate change on salt marsh wildlife: a case study from a highly urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"Coastal areas are high-risk zones subject to the impacts of global climate change, with significant increases in the frequencies of extreme weather and storm events, and sea-level rise forecast by 2100. These physical processes are expected to alter estuaries, resulting in loss of intertidal wetlands and their component wildlife species. In particular, impacts to salt marshes and their wildlife will vary both temporally and spatially and may be irreversible and severe. Synergistic effects caused by combining stressors with anthropogenic land-use patterns could create areas of significant biodiversity loss and extinction, especially in urbanized estuaries that are already heavily degraded. In this paper, we discuss current ideas, challenges, and concerns regarding the maintenance of salt marshes and their resident wildlife in light of future climate conditions. We suggest that many salt marsh habitats are already impaired and are located where upslope transgression is restricted, resulting in reduction and loss of these habitats in the future. In addition, we conclude that increased inundation frequency and water depth will have negative impacts on the demography of small or isolated wildlife meta-populations as well as their community interactions. We illustrate our points with a case study on the Pacific Coast of North America at San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge in California, an area that supports endangered wildlife species reliant on salt marshes for all aspects of their life histories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00136.1","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., Takekawa, J.Y., and Elliott-Fisk, D., 2012, Ecological effects of climate change on salt marsh wildlife: a case study from a highly urbanized estuary: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1477-1487, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00136.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1477","endPage":"1487","ipdsId":"IP-030907","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272055,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00136.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2266e4b061e1bd533384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L.","contributorId":46859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott-Fisk","given":"Deborah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004117,"text":"70004117 - 2012 - Estimating the benefits of land imagery in environmental applications: a case study in nonpoint source pollution of groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T17:11:43","indexId":"70004117","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimating the benefits of land imagery in environmental applications: a case study in nonpoint source pollution of groundwater","docAbstract":"Moderate-resolution land imagery (MRLI) is crucial to a more complete assessment of the cumulative, landscape-level effect of agricultural land use and land cover on environmental quality. If this improved assessment yields a net social benefit, then that benefit reflects the value of information (VOI) from MRLI. Environmental quality and the capacity to provide ecosystem services evolve because of human actions, changing natural conditions, and their interaction with natural physical processes. The human actions, in turn, are constrained and redirected by many institutions and regulations such as agricultural, energy, and environmental policies. We present a general framework for bringing together sociologic, biologic, physical, hydrologic, and geologic processes at meaningful scales to interpret environmental implications of MRLI applications. We set out a specific application using MRLI observations to identify crop planting patterns and thus estimate surface management activities that influence groundwater resources over a regional landscape. We tailor the application to the characteristics of nonpoint source groundwater pollution hazards in Iowa to illustrate a general framework in a land use-hydrologic-economic system. In the example, MRLI VOI derives from reducing the risk of both losses to agricultural production and damage to human health and other consequences of contaminated groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The value of information","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-4839-2_10","collaboration":"This is Chapter 10","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R.L., Forney, W.M., Raunikar, R.P., and Mishra, S.K., 2012, Estimating the benefits of land imagery in environmental applications: a case study in nonpoint source pollution of groundwater, chap. <i>of</i> The value of information, p. 257-299, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4839-2_10.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"299","ipdsId":"IP-024922","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269683,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4839-2_10"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51483788e4b022dd171afe59","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Laxminarayan, Ramanan","contributorId":112226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laxminarayan","given":"Ramanan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508223,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maccauley, Molly K.","contributorId":112432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maccauley","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508224,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard L.","contributorId":97061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forney, William M.","contributorId":43490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raunikar, Ronald P.","contributorId":101535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raunikar","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mishra, Shruti K.","contributorId":21432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"Shruti","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044903,"text":"70044903 - 2012 - Bromine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T22:32:01","indexId":"70044903","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromine","docAbstract":"The element bromine is found principally as a dissolved species in seawater, evaporitic (salt) lakes and underground brines associated with petroleum deposits. Seawater contains about 65 parts per million of bromine or an estimated 100 Tt (110 trillion st). In the Middle East, the highly saline waters of the Dead Sea are estimated to contain 1 Gt (1.1billion st) of bromine. Bromine is also recovered from seawater as a coproduct during evaporation to produce salt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Ober, J.A., 2012, Bromine: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 40-41.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-029037","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172676ce4b0c173799e7957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70173626,"text":"70173626 - 2012 - High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:03:06","indexId":"70173626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Satellite-based remote monitoring programs of regional lake water quality largely have relied on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) owing to its long image archive, moderate spatial resolution (30&nbsp;m), and wide sensitivity in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, despite some notable limitations such as temporal resolution (i.e., 16&nbsp;days), data pre-processing requirements to improve data quality, and aging satellites. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on Aqua/Terra platforms compensate for these shortcomings, although at the expense of spatial resolution. We developed and evaluated a remote monitoring protocol for water clarity of large lakes using MODIS 500&nbsp;m data and compared MODIS utility to Landsat-based methods. MODIS images captured during May&ndash;September 2001, 2004 and 2010 were analyzed with linear regression to identify the relationship between lake water clarity and satellite-measured surface reflectance. Correlations were strong (</span><i>R</i><span>&sup2;&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.72&ndash;0.94) throughout the study period; however, they were the most consistent in August, reflecting seasonally unstable lake conditions and inter-annual differences in algal productivity during the other months. The utility of MODIS data in remote water quality estimation lies in intra-annual monitoring of lake water clarity in inaccessible, large lakes, whereas Landsat is more appropriate for inter-annual, regional trend analyses of lakes &ge;&nbsp;8&nbsp;ha. Model accuracy is improved when ancillary variables are included to reflect seasonal lake dynamics and weather patterns that influence lake clarity. The identification of landscape-scale drivers of regional water quality is a useful way to supplement satellite-based remote monitoring programs relying on spectral data alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018","usgsCitation":"McCullough, I.M., Loftin, C., and Sader, S., 2012, High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 124, p. 234-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034387","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9332e4b04f417c275151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, Ian M.","contributorId":149952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":637417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sader, Steven A.","contributorId":112282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sader","given":"Steven A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044818,"text":"70044818 - 2012 - Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T14:53:13.071776","indexId":"70044818","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks","docAbstract":"<p>The Blackbird district, east-central Idaho, contains the largest known Co reserves in the United States. The origin of strata-hosted Co-Cu ± Au mineralization at Blackbird has been a matter of controversy for decades. In order to differentiate among possible genetic models for the deposits, including various combinations of volcanic, sedimentary, magmatic, and metamorphic processes, we used U-Pb geochronology of xenotime, monazite, and zircon to establish time constraints for ore formation. New age data reported here were obtained using sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) microanalysis of (1) detrital zircons from a sample of Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic metasedimentary country rock in the Blackbird district, (2) igneous zircons from Mesoproterozoic intrusions, and (3) xenotime and monazite from the Merle and Sunshine prospects at Blackbird.</p><p>Detrital zircon from metasandstone of the biotite phyllite-schist unit has ages mostly in the range of 1900 to 1600 Ma, plus a few Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic grains. Age data for the six youngest grains form a coherent group at 1409 ± 10 Ma, regarded as the maximum age of deposition of metasedimentary country rocks of the central structural domain. Igneous zircons from nine samples of megacrystic granite, granite augen gneiss, and granodiorite augen gneiss that crop out north and east of the Blackbird district yield ages between 1383 ± 4 and 1359 ± 7 Ma. Emplacement of the Big Deer Creek megacrystic granite (1377 ± 4 Ma), structurally juxtaposed with host rocks in the Late Cretaceous ca. 5 km north of Blackbird, may have been involved in initial deposition of rare earth elements (REE) minerals and, possibly, sulfides.</p><p>In situ SHRIMP ages of xenotime and monazite in Co-rich samples from the Merle and Sunshine prospects, plus backscattered electron imagery and SHRIMP analyses of trace elements, indicate a complex sequence of Mesoproterozoic and Cretaceous events. On the basis of textural relationships observed in thin section, xeno-time and cobaltite formed during multiple episodes. The oldest age for xenotime (1370 ± 4 Ma), determined on oscillatory-zoned cores, may date the time of initial cobaltite formation, and provides a minimum age for the host metasedimentary rocks. Additional Proterozoic xenotime growth events occurred at 1315 to 1270 Ma and ca. 1050 Ma. Other xenotime grains and rims grew in conjunction with cobaltite during Cretaceous metamorphism. However, ages of these growth episodes cannot be precisely determined due to matrix effects on<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U data for xenotime. Monazite, some of which encloses cobaltite, uniformly has Cretaceous ages that mainly are 110 ± 3 and 92 ± 5 Ma. These data indicate that xenotime, monazite, and cobaltite were extensively mobilized and precipitated during Middle to Late Cretaceous metamorphic events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1143","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Slack, J.F., Lund, K., Evans, K.V., Fanning, C., Mazdab, F.K., Wooden, J., and Pillers, R.M., 2012, Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1143-1175, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1143.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1175","ipdsId":"IP-021616","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Blackbird District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.82635498046875,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.20562744140625,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.20562744140625,\n              45.40037851725538\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82635498046875,\n              45.40037851725538\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82635498046875,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765be1e4b0f989f99e00ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":46814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C. Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazdab, Frank K.","contributorId":37468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pillers, Renee M. 0000-0003-4929-1569 rpillers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-1569","contributorId":2501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillers","given":"Renee","email":"rpillers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70003946,"text":"70003946 - 2012 - Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T14:10:32.473227","indexId":"70003946","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","docAbstract":"At regional scales, the most important variables associated with diversity are latitudinally-based temperature and net primary productivity, although diversity is also influenced by habitat. We examined bird species richness, community density and community evenness in forests of eastern Connecticut to determine whether: 1) spatial and seasonal patterns exist in diversity, 2) energy explains the greatest proportion of variation in diversity parameters, 3) variation in habitat explains remaining diversity variance, and 4) seasonal shifts in diversity provide clues about how environmental variables shape communities. We sought to discover if our data supported predictions of the species–energy hypothesis. We used the variable circular plot technique to estimate bird populations and quantified the location, elevation, forest type, vegetation type, canopy cover, moisture regime, understory density and primary production for the study sites. We found that 1) summer richness and population densities are roughly equal in northeastern and southeastern Connecticut, whereas in winter both concentrate toward the coast, 2) variables linked with temperature explained much of the patterns in winter diversity, but energy-related variables showed little relationship to summer diversity, 3) the effect of habitat variables on diversity parameters predominated in summer, although their effect was weak, 4) contrary to theory, evenness increased from summer to winter, and 5) support for predictions of species–energy theory was primarily restricted to winter data. Although energy and habitat played a role in explaining community patterns, they left much of the variance in regional diversity unexplained, suggesting that a large stochastic component to diversity also may exist.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x","usgsCitation":"Craig, R., and Klaver, R.W., 2012, Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA: Ecography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 599-609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"609","ipdsId":"IP-021424","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.99 ], [ -73.73,42.05 ], [ -71.79,42.05 ], [ -71.79,40.99 ], [ -73.73,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe0e4b0d298e5434c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Robert J.","contributorId":79781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044808,"text":"70044808 - 2012 - Sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T22:40:29","indexId":"70044808","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur","docAbstract":"In 2011, elemental sulfur and the byproduct sulfuric acid were produced at 109 operations in 29 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Total shipments were valued at about $1.6 billion. Elemental sulfur production was 8.2 Mt (9 million st); Louisiana and Texas accounted for about 53 percent of domestic production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L., 2012, Sulfur: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 91-92.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"92","ipdsId":"IP-036784","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44f5e4b0eff6bc003229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044506,"text":"70044506 - 2012 - Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T15:40:48","indexId":"70044506","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":922,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010)","docAbstract":"In this work, we present the first study resolving the temporal evolution of δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O values in cloud droplets during 13 different cloud events. The cloud events were probed on a 937 m high mountain chain in Germany in the framework of the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) in September and October 2010. The δ values of cloud droplets ranged from −77‰ to −15‰ (δ<sup>2</sup>H) and from −12.1‰ to −3.9‰ (δ<sup>18</sup>O) over the whole campaign. The cloud water line of the measured δ values was δ<sup>2</sup>H=7.8×δ<sup>18</sup>O+13×10−3, which is of similar slope, but with higher deuterium excess than other Central European Meteoric Water Lines. Decreasing δ values in the course of the campaign agree with seasonal trends observed in rain in central Europe. The deuterium excess was higher in clouds developing after recent precipitation revealing episodes of regional moisture recycling. The variations in δ values during one cloud event could either result from changes in meteorological conditions during condensation or from variations in the δ values of the water vapor feeding the cloud. To test which of both aspects dominated during the investigated cloud events, we modeled the variation in δ values in cloud water using a closed box model. We could show that the variation in δ values of two cloud events was mainly due to changes in local temperature conditions. For the other eleven cloud events, the variation was most likely caused by changes in the isotopic composition of the advected and entrained vapor. Frontal passages during two of the latter cloud events led to the strongest temporal changes in both δ<sup>2</sup>H (≈ 6‰ per hour) and δ<sup>18</sup>O (≈ 0.6‰ per hour). Moreover, a detailed trajectory analysis for the two longest cloud events revealed that variations in the entrained vapor were most likely related to rain out or changes in relative humidity and temperature at the moisture source region or both. This study illustrates the sensitivity of stable isotope composition of cloud water to changes in large scale air mass properties and regional recycling of moisture.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012","usgsCitation":"Spiegel, J., Aemisegger, F., Scholl, M., Wienhold, F., Collett, J., Lee, T., van Pinxteren, D., Mertes, S., Tilgner, A., Herrmann, H., Werner, R., Buchmann, N., and Eugster, W., 2012, Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010): Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 12, no. 23, p. 11679-11694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11679","endPage":"11694","ipdsId":"IP-042392","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270722,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012"},{"id":270723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -28.0,33.9 ], [ -28.0,72.5 ], [ 74.1,72.5 ], [ 74.1,33.9 ], [ -28.0,33.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653872e4b077fa94dae01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spiegel, J.K.","contributorId":6738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aemisegger, F.","contributorId":105614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aemisegger","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, M.","contributorId":32385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wienhold, F.G.","contributorId":11489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wienhold","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":42426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, T.","contributorId":91720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Pinxteren, D.","contributorId":18646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pinxteren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mertes, S.","contributorId":85859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tilgner, A.","contributorId":14276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilgner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Herrmann, H.","contributorId":12344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Werner, Roland A.","contributorId":103488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Roland A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Buchmann, N.","contributorId":11906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmann","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Eugster, W.","contributorId":32701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70042900,"text":"70042900 - 2012 - Anisotropic path modeling to assess pedestrian-evacuation potential from Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-13T18:49:07","indexId":"70042900","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anisotropic path modeling to assess pedestrian-evacuation potential from Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Recent disasters highlight the threat that tsunamis pose to coastal communities. When developing tsunami-education efforts and vertical-evacuation strategies, emergency managers need to understand how much time it could take for a coastal population to reach higher ground before tsunami waves arrive. To improve efforts to model pedestrian evacuations from tsunamis, we examine the sensitivity of least-cost-distance models to variations in modeling approaches, data resolutions, and travel-rate assumptions. We base our observations on the assumption that an anisotropic approach that uses path-distance algorithms and accounts for variations in land cover and directionality in slope is the most realistic of an actual evacuation landscape. We focus our efforts on the Long Beach Peninsula in Washington (USA), where a substantial residential and tourist population is threatened by near-field tsunamis related to a potential Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Results indicate thousands of people are located in areas where evacuations to higher ground will be difficult before arrival of the first tsunami wave. Deviations from anisotropic modeling assumptions substantially influence the amount of time likely needed to reach higher ground. Across the entire study, changes in resolution of elevation data has a greater impact on calculated travel times than changes in land-cover resolution. In particular areas, land-cover resolution had a substantial impact when travel-inhibiting waterways were not reflected in small-scale data. Changes in travel-speed parameters had a substantial impact also, suggesting the importance of public-health campaigns as a tsunami risk-reduction strategy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11069-011-9994-2","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., and Schmidtlein, M.C., 2012, Anisotropic path modeling to assess pedestrian-evacuation potential from Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest: Natural Hazards, v. 62, no. 2, p. 275-300, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9994-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-028922","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9994-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270876,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9994-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Long Beach Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.84,45.54 ], [ -124.84,49.0 ], [ -116.92,49.0 ], [ -116.92,45.54 ], [ -124.84,45.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4d40e4b0b290850f16d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew C.","contributorId":90999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044594,"text":"wdr2012 - 2012 - Water-resources data for the United States: water year 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:29:26","indexId":"wdr2012","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012","title":"Water-resources data for the United States: water year 2012","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data are published annually for use by engineers, scientists, managers, educators, and the general public. These archival products supplement direct access to current and historical water data provided by NWISWeb. Beginning with Water Year 2006, annual water data reports are available as individual electronic Site Data Sheets for the entire Nation for retrieval, download, and localized printing on demand. National distribution includes tabular and map interfaces for search, query, display and download of data. From 1962 until 2005, reports were published by State as paper documents, although most reports since the mid-1990s are also available in electronic form through this web page. Reports prior to 1962 were published in occasional USGS Water-Supply Papers and other reports.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdr2012","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Water-resources data for the United States: water year 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report 2012, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdr2012.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr2012.jpg"},{"id":269345,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2012/search.jsp"},{"id":269346,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142f18de4b073a963ff662d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044659,"text":"70044659 - 2012 - Bioenergetic response by steelhead to variation in diet, thermal habitat, and climate in the north Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-15T18:27:04","indexId":"70044659","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetic response by steelhead to variation in diet, thermal habitat, and climate in the north Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"Energetic responses of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss to climate-driven changes in marine conditions are expected to affect the species’ ocean distribution, feeding, growth, and survival. With a unique 18-year data series (1991–2008) for steelhead sampled in the open ocean, we simulated interannual variation in prey consumption and growth efficiency of steelhead using a bioenergetics model to evaluate the temperature-dependent growth response of steelhead to past climate events and to estimate growth potential of steelhead under future climate scenarios. Our results showed that annual ocean growth of steelhead is highly variable depending on prey quality, consumption rates, total consumption, and thermal experience. At optimal growing temperatures, steelhead can compensate for a low-energy diet by increasing consumption rates and consuming more prey, if available. Our findings suggest that steelhead have a narrow temperature window in which to achieve optimal growth, which is strongly influenced by climate-driven changes in ocean temperature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.675914","usgsCitation":"Atcheson, M.E., Myers, K.W., Beauchamp, D.A., and Mantua, N.J., 2012, Bioenergetic response by steelhead to variation in diet, thermal habitat, and climate in the north Pacific Ocean: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 4, p. 1081-1096, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675914.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1096","ipdsId":"IP-042595","costCenters":[{"id":621,"text":"Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270955,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675914"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 128.7,-85.6 ], [ 128.7,58.2 ], [ -66.5,58.2 ], [ -66.5,-85.6 ], [ 128.7,-85.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d2167e4b0411d430a89ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atcheson, Margaret E.","contributorId":76211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atcheson","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Katherine W.","contributorId":32812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mantua, Nathan J.","contributorId":83429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mantua","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044785,"text":"70044785 - 2012 - Gypsum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T14:45:11","indexId":"70044785","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gypsum","docAbstract":"The United States is the world's fourth leading producer and consumer of gypsum. Production of gypsum in the U.S. during 2011 was estimated to be 9.4 Mt (103 million st), an increase of 6 percent compared with 2010 production. The average price of mined crude gypsum was $7/t ($6.35/st). Synthetic gypsum, most of which is generated as a fluegas desulfurization process from coal-fired electric powerplants, was priced at approximately $1.50/t (1.36/st). Forty-seven companies produced gypsum in the U.S. at 54 mines and plants in 34 states. U.S. gypsum exports totaled about 300 kt (330,000 st). Imports were much higher at approximately 3.3 Mt (3.6 million st).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Gypsum: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 59-59.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-036881","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf370e4b0d8907b288203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":88241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044797,"text":"70044797 - 2012 - Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T12:00:12","indexId":"70044797","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"Geologic processes strongly influence water and sediment quality in aquatic ecosystems but rarely are geologic principles incorporated into routine biomonitoring studies. We test if elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment are restricted to streams downstream of mines or areas that may discharge mine wastes. We surveyed 198 catchments classified as “historically mined” or “unmined,” and based on mineral-deposit criteria, to determine whether water and sediment quality were influenced by naturally occurring mineralized rock, by historical mining, or by a combination of both. By accounting for different geologic sources of metals to the environment, we were able to distinguish aquatic ecosystems limited by metals derived from natural processes from those due to mining. Elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment were not restricted to mined catchments; depauperate aquatic communities were found in unmined catchments. The type and intensity of hydrothermal alteration and the mineral deposit type were important determinants of water and sediment quality as well as the aquatic community in both mined and unmined catchments. This study distinguished the effects of different rock types and geologic sources of metals on ecosystems by incorporating basic geologic processes into reference and baseline site selection, resulting in a refined assessment. Our results indicate that biomonitoring studies should account for natural sources of metals in some geologic environments as contributors to the effect of mines on aquatic ecosystems, recognizing that in mining-impacted drainages there may have been high pre-mining background metal concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/11-0806.1","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Clements, W.H., Wanty, R.B., Verplanck, P.L., Church, S.E., San Juan, C.A., Fey, D.L., Rockwell, B.W., DeWitt, E.H., and Klein, T.L., 2012, Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 3, p. 870-879, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0806.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"879","ipdsId":"IP-017393","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274029,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0806.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42460e4b03c77dce65a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, William H.","contributorId":39504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed H.","contributorId":16543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70044799,"text":"70044799 - 2012 - Geologic setting, sedimentary architecture, and paragenesis of the Mesoproterozoic sediment-hosted Sheep Creek Cu-Co-Ag deposit, Helena embayment, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:58:14.123155","indexId":"70044799","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting, sedimentary architecture, and paragenesis of the Mesoproterozoic sediment-hosted Sheep Creek Cu-Co-Ag deposit, Helena embayment, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northern margin of the Helena Embayment contains extensive syngenetic to diagenetic massive pyrite horizons that extend over 25 km along the Volcano Valley-Buttress fault zone and extend up to 8 km basinward (south) within the Mesoproterozoic Newland Formation. The Sheep Creek Cu-Co deposit occurs within a structural block along a bend in the fault system, where replacement-style chalcopyrite mineralization is spatially associated mostly with the two stratigraphically lowest massive pyrite zones. These mineralized pyritic horizons are intercalated with debris flows derived from synsedimentary movement along the Volcano Valley-Buttress fault zone. Cominco American Inc. delineated a geologic resource of 4.5 Mt at 2.5% Cu and 0.1% Co in the upper sulfide zone and 4 Mt at 4% Cu within the lower sulfide zone. More recently, Tintina Resources Inc. has delineated an inferred resource of 8.48 Mt at 2.96% Cu, 0.12% Co, and 16.4 g/t Ag in the upper sulfide zone. The more intact upper sulfide zone displays significant thickness variations along strike thought to represent formation in at least three separate subbasins. The largest accumulation of mineralized sulfide in the upper zone occurs as an N-S–trending body that thickens southward from the generally E trending Volcano Valley Fault and probably occupies a paleograben controlled by normal faults in the hanging wall of the Volcano Valley Fault. Early microcrystalline to framboidal pyrite was accompanied by abundant and local barite deposition in the upper and lower sulfide zones, respectively. The sulfide bodies underwent intense (lower sulfide zone) to localized (upper sulfide zone) recrystallization and overprinting by coarser-grained pyrite and minor marcasite that is intergrown with and replaces dolomite. Silicification and paragenetically late chalcopyrite, along with minor tennantite in the upper sulfide zone, replaces fine-grained pyrite, barite, and carbonate. The restriction of chalcopyrite to inferred synsedimentary E- and northerly trending faults and absence of definitive zonation with respect to the Laramide Volcano Valley Fault in the lower sulfide zone suggest a diagenetic age related to basin development for the Sheep Creek Cu-Co-Ag deposit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1115","usgsCitation":"Graham, G.E., Hitzman, M., and Zieg, J., 2012, Geologic setting, sedimentary architecture, and paragenesis of the Mesoproterozoic sediment-hosted Sheep Creek Cu-Co-Ag deposit, Helena embayment, Montana: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1115-1141, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1115.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1141","ipdsId":"IP-021409","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,44.36 ], [ -116.0,49.0 ], [ -104.0,49.0 ], [ -104.0,44.36 ], [ -116.0,44.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a874e4e4b082d85d5ed893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitzman, Murray W.","contributorId":14682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitzman","given":"Murray W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zieg, Jerry","contributorId":52868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zieg","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}