{"pageNumber":"1578","pageRowStart":"39425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184553,"records":[{"id":70044449,"text":"70044449 - 2012 - Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T13:45:14","indexId":"70044449","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"Twenty-four halogenated volatile organic compounds (hVOCs) and SF<sub>6</sub> were measured in groundwater samples collected from 312 wells across California at concentrations as low as 10<sup>–12</sup> grams per kilogram groundwater. The hVOCs detected are predominately anthropogenic (i.e., “ahVOCs”) and as such their distribution delineates where groundwaters are impacted and susceptible to human activity. ahVOC detections were broadly consistent with air-saturated water concentrations in equilibrium with a combination of industrial-era global and regional hVOC atmospheric abundances. However, detection of ahVOCs in nearly all of the samples collected, including ancient groundwaters, suggests the presence of a sampling or analytical artifact that confounds interpretation of the very-low concentration ahVOC data. To increase our confidence in ahVOC detections we establish screening levels based on ahVOC concentrations in deep wells drawing ancient groundwater in Owens Valley. Concentrations of ahVOCs below the Owens Valley screening levels account for a large number of the detections in prenuclear groundwater across California without significant loss of ahVOC detections in shallow, recently recharged groundwaters. Over 80% of the groundwaters in this study contain at least one ahVOC after screening, indicating that the footprint of human industry is nearly ubiquitous and that most California groundwaters are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es303546b","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D.A., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 24, p. 13128-13135, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303546b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13128","endPage":"13135","ipdsId":"IP-040240","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270880,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es303546b"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516bcfe9e4b0eae401aec237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, Daniel A. ddeeds@usgs.gov","contributorId":83003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"Daniel","email":"ddeeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044872,"text":"70044872 - 2012 - Pumice and pumicite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T14:18:52","indexId":"70044872","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumice and pumicite","docAbstract":"Production of pumice in the United States during 2011 was estimated to be 380 kt (420,000 st), a 3-percent decrease compared with 2010. The unit value of pumice varied by end use in 2011. Pumice used as an abrasive was priced at $10.39/t ($9.30/st), while specialty-grade pumice, used in cosmetics, filtration or precision grinding, was priced as high as $150/t ($130/st) on a spot basis. Fourteen companies operated 16 mines in Arizona, California, Idaho, Kansas, New Mexico and Oregon. U.S. pumice exports totaled about 15 kt (17,000 st). Imports were higher, 35 kt (39,000 st).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Pumice and pumicite: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 85-86.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-036421","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf375e4b0d8907b28824a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":88241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045115,"text":"70045115 - 2012 - John B. \"Jack\" Townshend (1927-2012)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T15:45:28","indexId":"70045115","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"John B. \"Jack\" Townshend (1927-2012)","docAbstract":"Jack Townshend, geophysicist and dedicated public servant, died on 13 August 2012 in Fairbanks, Alaska. He was 85. Jack's career with the federal government, most of it with the national magnetic observatory program, spanned more than six solar cycles of time, and he retired only days before his death. The duration of Jack's career encompassed an important period in the history of the advancement of our understanding of the Earth. Jack's career of contributions, his life, and his personality are worthy of retrospective celebration.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012EO500005","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Finn, C.A., 2012, John B. \"Jack\" Townshend (1927-2012): Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 50, p. 524-525, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO500005.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"525","ipdsId":"IP-040995","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012eo500005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273840,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO500005"}],"volume":"93","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff0e4b0ee1529ed3d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0003-3144-1645 cafinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1645","contributorId":2144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cafinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044181,"text":"70044181 - 2012 - Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:26:00","indexId":"70044181","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin","docAbstract":"To determine kinetic parameters of sulfate reduction by hydrocarbons (HC) without the initial presence of low valence sulfur, we carried out a series of isothermal gold-tube hydrous-pyrolysis experiments at 320, 340, and 360 °C under a constant confined pressure of 24.1 MPa. The reactants used consisted of saturated HC (sulfur-free) and CaSO<sub>4</sub> in an aqueous solution buffered to three different pH conditions without the addition of elemental sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) or H<sub>2</sub>S as initiators. H<sub>2</sub>S produced in the course of reaction was proportional to the extent of the reduction of CaSO<sub>4</sub> that was initially the only sulfur-containing reactant. Our results show that the in situ pH of the aqueous solution (herein, in situ pH refers to the calculated pH value of the aqueous solution at certain experimental conditions) can significantly affect the rate of the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction. A substantial increase in the TSR reaction rate was observed with a decrease in the in situ pH.\n\nOur experimental results show that uncatalyzed TSR is a first-order reaction. The temperature dependence of experimentally measured H<sub>2</sub>S yields from sulfate reduction was fit with the Arrhenius equation. The determined activation energy for HC (sulfur-free) reacting with View the MathML sourceHSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in our experiments is 246.6 kJ/mol at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 3.5, which is slightly higher than the theoretical value of 227.0 kJ/mol using ab initio quantum chemical calculations on a similar reaction. Although the availability of reactive sulfate significantly affects the rate of reaction, a consistent rate constant was determined by accounting for the HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> ion concentration. Our experimental and theoretical approach to the determination of the kinetics of TSR is further validated by a reevaluation of several published experimental TSR datasets without the initial presence of native sulfur or H<sub>2</sub>S. When the effect of reactive sulfate concentration is appropriately accounted for, the published experimental TSR data yield kinetic parameters that are consistent with our values. Assuming MgSO<sub>4</sub> contact-ion-pair ([MgSO<sub>4</sub>]CIP) as the reactive form of sulfate in petroleum reservoir formation waters, a simple extrapolation of our experimentally derived HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction kinetics as a proxy for [MgSO<sub>4</sub>]CIP to geologically reasonable conditions predicts onset temperatures (130–140 °C) that are comparable to those observed in nature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010","usgsCitation":"Zhang, T., Ellis, G.S., Ma, Q., Amrani, A., and Tang, Y., 2012, Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 96, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-033954","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273952,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010"}],"volume":"96","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c18167e4b0dd0e00d921db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Tongwei","contributorId":107595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tongwei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Qisheng","contributorId":35219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Qisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":49258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Yongchun","contributorId":103166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Yongchun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044191,"text":"70044191 - 2012 - Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T22:04:09","indexId":"70044191","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling","docAbstract":"The influence of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean on Late Pliocene global climate reconstructions has remained ambiguous due to a lack of well-dated Antarctic-proximal, paleoenvironmental records. Here we present ice sheet, sea-surface temperature, and sea ice reconstructions from the ANDRILL AND-1B sediment core recovered from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. We provide evidence for a major expansion of an ice sheet in the Ross Sea that began at ~3.3 Ma, followed by a coastal sea surface temperature cooling of ~2.5 °C, a stepwise expansion of sea ice, and polynya-style deep mixing in the Ross Sea between 3.3 and 2.5 Ma. The intensification of Antarctic cooling resulted in strengthened westerly winds and invigorated ocean circulation. The associated northward migration of Southern Ocean fronts has been linked with reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation by restricting surface water connectivity between the ocean basins, with implications for heat transport to the high latitudes of the North Atlantic. While our results do not exclude low-latitude mechanisms as drivers for Pliocene cooling, they indicate an additional role played by southern high-latitude cooling during development of the bipolar world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PNAS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1112248109","usgsCitation":"McKay, R., Naish, T., Carter, L., Riesselman, C., Dunbar, R., Sjunneskog, C., Winter, D., Sangiorgi, F., Warren, C., Pagani, M., Schouten, S., Willmott, V., Levy, R., DeConto, R., and Powell, R.D., 2012, Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling: PNAS, v. 109, no. 17, p. 6423-6428, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112248109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6423","endPage":"6428","ipdsId":"IP-032213","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3340021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270677,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112248109"}],"volume":"109","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e8e4b0b7010f820168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKay, Robert","contributorId":9546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naish, Tim","contributorId":62900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naish","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Lionel","contributorId":9937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lionel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riesselman, Christina 0000-0002-2436-4306 criesselman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-4306","contributorId":4290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riesselman","given":"Christina","email":"criesselman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunbar, Robert","contributorId":11090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sjunneskog, Charlotte","contributorId":102765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjunneskog","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winter, Diane","contributorId":79377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sangiorgi, Francesca","contributorId":108238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangiorgi","given":"Francesca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Warren, Courtney","contributorId":27334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Courtney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pagani, Mark","contributorId":92136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagani","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schouten, Stefan","contributorId":84888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Willmott, Veronica","contributorId":58533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willmott","given":"Veronica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Levy, Richard","contributorId":96980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"DeConto, Robert","contributorId":17893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeConto","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Powell, Ross D.","contributorId":89768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70045898,"text":"70045898 - 2012 - Mineral resource of the month: tungsten","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-12T12:58:33","indexId":"70045898","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: tungsten","docAbstract":"The article offers information on tungsten. It says that tungsten is a metal found in chemical compounds such as in the scheelite and ore minerals wolframite. It states that tungsten has the highest melting point and it forms a compound as hard as diamond when combined with carbon. It states that tungsten can be used as a substitute for lead in fishing weights, ammunition, and hunting shot. Moreover, China started to export tungsten materials and products instead of tungsten raw materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Shedd, K.B., 2012, Mineral resource of the month: tungsten: Earth, v. 57, no. 9, p. 57-57.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73f4e4b0037667dbc8b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, Kim B. kshedd@usgs.gov","contributorId":2896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"Kim","email":"kshedd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70173626,"text":"70173626 - 2012 - High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:03:06","indexId":"70173626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>Satellite-based remote monitoring programs of regional lake water quality largely have relied on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) owing to its long image archive, moderate spatial resolution (30&nbsp;m), and wide sensitivity in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, despite some notable limitations such as temporal resolution (i.e., 16&nbsp;days), data pre-processing requirements to improve data quality, and aging satellites. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on Aqua/Terra platforms compensate for these shortcomings, although at the expense of spatial resolution. We developed and evaluated a remote monitoring protocol for water clarity of large lakes using MODIS 500&nbsp;m data and compared MODIS utility to Landsat-based methods. MODIS images captured during May&ndash;September 2001, 2004 and 2010 were analyzed with linear regression to identify the relationship between lake water clarity and satellite-measured surface reflectance. Correlations were strong (</span><i>R</i><span>&sup2;&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.72&ndash;0.94) throughout the study period; however, they were the most consistent in August, reflecting seasonally unstable lake conditions and inter-annual differences in algal productivity during the other months. The utility of MODIS data in remote water quality estimation lies in intra-annual monitoring of lake water clarity in inaccessible, large lakes, whereas Landsat is more appropriate for inter-annual, regional trend analyses of lakes &ge;&nbsp;8&nbsp;ha. Model accuracy is improved when ancillary variables are included to reflect seasonal lake dynamics and weather patterns that influence lake clarity. The identification of landscape-scale drivers of regional water quality is a useful way to supplement satellite-based remote monitoring programs relying on spectral data alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018","usgsCitation":"McCullough, I.M., Loftin, C., and Sader, S., 2012, High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 124, p. 234-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034387","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9332e4b04f417c275151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, Ian M.","contributorId":149952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":637417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sader, Steven A.","contributorId":112282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sader","given":"Steven A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168463,"text":"70168463 - 2012 - Spot-mapping underestimates song-territory size and use of mature forest by breeding golden-winged warblers in Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T11:04:16","indexId":"70168463","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spot-mapping underestimates song-territory size and use of mature forest by breeding golden-winged warblers in Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies of songbird breeding habitat often compare habitat characteristics of used and unused areas. Although there is usually meticulous effort to precisely and consistently measure habitat characteristics, accuracy of methods for estimating which areas are used versus which are unused by birds remains generally untested. To examine accuracy of spot-mapping to identify singing territories of golden-winged warblers (</span><i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i><span>), which are considered an early successional forest specialists, we used spot-mapping and radiotelemetry to record song perches and delineate song territories for breeding male golden-winged warblers in northwestern Minnesota, USA. We also used radiotelemetry to record locations (song and nonsong perches) of a subsample (</span><i>n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;12) of males throughout the day to delineate home ranges. We found that telemetry-based estimates of song territories were 3 times larger and included more mature forest than those estimated from spot-mapping. In addition, home ranges estimated using radiotelemetry included more mature forest than spot-mapping- and telemetry-based song territories, with 75% of afternoon perches located in mature forest. Our results suggest that mature forest comprises a larger component of golden-winged warbler song territories and home ranges than is indicated based on spot-mapping in Minnesota. Because it appears that standard observational methods can underestimate territory size and misidentify cover-type associations for golden-winged warblers, we caution that management and conservation plans may be misinformed, and that similar studies are needed for golden-winged warblers across their range and for other songbird species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.118","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Loegering, J.P., and Andersen, D., 2012, Spot-mapping underestimates song-territory size and use of mature forest by breeding golden-winged warblers in Minnesota, USA: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 36, no. 1, p. 40-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.118.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028884","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/180ccf0e05004db585b3ea68cd0f640b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.71975708007811,\n              46.891170070059815\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.71975708007811,\n              47.09069560264967\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.53848266601562,\n              47.09069560264967\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.53848266601562,\n              46.891170070059815\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.71975708007811,\n              46.891170070059815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c45656e4b0946c652185cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loegering, John P.","contributorId":166933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loegering","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":33353,"text":"University of Minnesota, Crookston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":620367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045723,"text":"70045723 - 2012 - Biogeochemistry: unexpected uptake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T13:47:31","indexId":"70045723","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry: unexpected uptake","docAbstract":"Lichens, cyanobacteria, mosses and algae coat many terrestrial surfaces. These biological covers turn out to play an important role in the global cycling of carbon and nitrogen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1514","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2012, Biogeochemistry: unexpected uptake: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, no. 7, p. 443-444, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1514.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"444","ipdsId":"IP-038185","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1514"}],"volume":"5","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838ae3e4b0a21483941a7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042772,"text":"70042772 - 2012 - Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T14:22:27","indexId":"70042772","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise?","docAbstract":"Wildlife translocation is increasingly used to mitigate disturbances to animals or habitat due to human activities, yet little is known about the extent to which translocating animals causes stress. To understand the relationship between physiological stress and translocation, we conducted a multiyear study (2007–2009) using a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) near Fort Irwin, California. Blood samples were collected from adult tortoises in three treatment groups (resident, translocated and control) for 1 year prior to and 2 years after translocation. Samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for plasma total corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid hormone commonly associated with stress responses in reptiles. CORT values were analyzed in relation to potential covariates (animal sex, date, behavior, treatment, handling time, air temperature, home-range size, precipitation and annual plant production) among seasons and years. CORT values in males were higher than in females, and values for both varied monthly throughout the activity season and among years. Year and sex were strong predictors of CORT, and translocation explained little in terms of CORT. Based on these results, we conclude that translocation does not elicit a physiological stress response in desert tortoises.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x","usgsCitation":"Drake, K., Nussear, K., Esque, T., Barber, A., Vittum, K., Medica, P., Tracy, C., and Hunter, K., 2012, Does translocation influence physiological stress in the desert tortoise?: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 6, p. 560-570, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"570","ipdsId":"IP-036103","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271765,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00549.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,35.0 ], [ -117.0,35.5 ], [ -116.0,35.5 ], [ -116.0,35.0 ], [ -117.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838ae5e4b0a21483941a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, K.K.","contributorId":85775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, K.E.","contributorId":80227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, A.M.","contributorId":6238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vittum, K.M.","contributorId":28881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vittum","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tracy, C.R.","contributorId":73524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunter, K.W.","contributorId":26950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70160341,"text":"70160341 - 2012 - Oxygen demand of aircraft and airfield pavement deicers and alternative freezing point depressants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T14:33:24","indexId":"70160341","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen demand of aircraft and airfield pavement deicers and alternative freezing point depressants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aircraft and pavement deicing formulations and other potential freezing point depressants were tested for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Propylene glycol-based aircraft deicers exhibited greater BOD</span><span>5</span><span>&nbsp;than ethylene glycol-based aircraft deicers, and ethylene glycol-based products had lower degradation rates than propylene glycol-based products. Sodium formate pavement deicers had lower COD than acetate-based pavement deicers. The BOD and COD results for acetate-based pavement deicers (PDMs) were consistently lower than those for aircraft deicers, but degradation rates were greater in the acetate-based PDM than in aircraft deicers. In a 40-day testing of aircraft and pavement deicers, BOD results at 20&deg;C (standard) were consistently greater than the results from 5&deg;C (low) tests. The degree of difference between standard and low temperature BOD results varied among tested products. Freshwater BOD test results were not substantially different from marine water tests at 20&deg;C, but glycols degraded slower in marine water than in fresh water for low temperature tests. Acetate-based products had greater percentage degradation than glycols at both temperatures. An additive component of the sodium formate pavement deicer exhibited toxicity to the microorganisms, so BOD testing did not work properly for this formulation. BOD testing of alternative freezing point depressants worked well for some, there was little response for some, and for others there was a lag in response while microorganisms acclimated to the freezing point depressant as a food source. Where the traditional BOD</span><span>5</span><span>&nbsp;test performed adequately, values ranged from 251 to 1,580&nbsp;g/kg. Where the modified test performed adequately, values of BOD</span><span>28</span><span>&nbsp;ranged from 242 to 1,540&nbsp;g/kg.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-011-1036-x","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Mericas, D., and Bowman, G., 2012, Oxygen demand of aircraft and airfield pavement deicers and alternative freezing point depressants: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 223, no. 5, p. 2447-2461, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-1036-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2447","endPage":"2461","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029856","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac5e4b0da412f4f825a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":150657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":582620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mericas, Dean","contributorId":150658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mericas","given":"Dean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18062,"text":"CH2MHILL, Austin, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowman, George","contributorId":150664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17815,"text":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038087,"text":"70038087 - 2012 - Estimating discharge measurement uncertainty using the interpolated variance estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-20T20:19:00","indexId":"70038087","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating discharge measurement uncertainty using the interpolated variance estimator","docAbstract":"Methods for quantifying the uncertainty in discharge measurements typically identify various sources of uncertainty and then estimate the uncertainty from each of these sources by applying the results of empirical or laboratory studies. If actual measurement conditions are not consistent with those encountered in the empirical or laboratory studies, these methods may give poor estimates of discharge uncertainty. This paper presents an alternative method for estimating discharge measurement uncertainty that uses statistical techniques and at-site observations. This Interpolated Variance Estimator (IVE) estimates uncertainty based on the data collected during the streamflow measurement and therefore reflects the conditions encountered at the site. The IVE has the additional advantage of capturing all sources of random uncertainty in the velocity and depth measurements. It can be applied to velocity-area discharge measurements that use a velocity meter to measure point velocities at multiple vertical sections in a channel cross section.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000695","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., Kiang, J., and Mason, R., 2012, Estimating discharge measurement uncertainty using the interpolated variance estimator: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 139, no. 5, p. 502-510, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000695.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"510","ipdsId":"IP-022663","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269974,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000695"}],"volume":"139","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5150207ee4b08df5cb131360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, T.","contributorId":95353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiang, J.","contributorId":31280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, R. Jr.","contributorId":80155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042320,"text":"70042320 - 2012 - A prototype splitter apparatus for dividing large catches of small fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T19:55:46","indexId":"70042320","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prototype splitter apparatus for dividing large catches of small fish","docAbstract":"Due to financial and time constraints, it is often necessary in fisheries studies to divide large samples of fish and estimate total catch from the subsample. The subsampling procedure may involve potential human biases or may be difficult to perform in rough conditions. We present a prototype gravity-fed splitter apparatus for dividing large samples of small fish (30–100 mm TL). The apparatus features a tapered hopper with a sliding and removable shutter. The apparatus provides a comparatively stable platform for objectively obtaining subsamples, and it can be modified to accommodate different sizes of fish and different sample volumes. The apparatus is easy to build, inexpensive, and convenient to use in the field. To illustrate the performance of the apparatus, we divided three samples (total <i>N</i> = 2,000 fish) composed of four fish species. Our results indicated no significant bias in estimating either the number or proportion of each species from the subsample. Use of this apparatus or a similar apparatus can help to standardize subsampling procedures in large surveys of fish. The apparatus could be used for other applications that require dividing a large amount of material into one or more smaller subsamples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.716018","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., and Edwards, W.H., 2012, A prototype splitter apparatus for dividing large catches of small fish: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1033-1038, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.716018.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1038","ipdsId":"IP-039007","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268423,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.716018"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4a63e4b0b290850efbe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, William H.","contributorId":9144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70171459,"text":"70171459 - 2012 - Behavioral activities of male Cerulean Warblers in relation to habitat characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T15:33:06","indexId":"70171459","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral activities of male Cerulean Warblers in relation to habitat characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Activities of 29 male Cerulean Warblers (</span><i>Setophaga cerulea</i><span>) were quantified on two sites in West Virginia during May&ndash;June 2005. Singing and foraging were the most common of 11 observed behavioral activities (81.6%), while maintenance and mating behaviors were uncommonly observed. Male activity differed among vegetative strata (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp; =  0.02) with lower- and mid-canopy strata used most often (70% of observations), especially for foraging, perching, and preening. The upper-canopy was used primarily for singing, particularly within core areas of territories and in association with canopy gaps. Foraging occurred more than expected outside of core areas. Males were associated with canopy gaps during 30% of observations, but the distribution of behavioral activities was not significantly related (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp; =  0.06) to gap presence. Males used 23 different tree species for a variety of activities with oaks (</span><i>Quercus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) used most often on the xeric site and black cherry (</span><i>Prunus serotina</i><span>) and black locust (</span><i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i><span>) on the mesic site. Tree species used for singing differed between core and non-core areas (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.0001) but distribution of singing and foraging activity did not differ among tree species (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp; =  0.13). Cerulean Warblers appear to be flexible in use of tree species. Their use of different canopy strata for different behavioral activities provides an explanation for the affinity this species exhibits for a vertically stratified forest canopy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/11-147.1","usgsCitation":"Wood, P.B., and Perkins, K.A., 2012, Behavioral activities of male Cerulean Warblers in relation to habitat characteristics: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 124, no. 3, p. 497-505, https://doi.org/10.1676/11-147.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"505","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032192","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5b6e4b0ee97d51a8397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, Kelly A.","contributorId":169756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70042325,"text":"70042325 - 2012 - Enterococci in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:01:45.393699","indexId":"70042325","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2730,"text":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enterococci in the environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds, yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections annually. Because they are shed in human and animal feces, are readily culturable, and predict human health risks from exposure to polluted recreational waters, they are used as surrogates for waterborne pathogens and as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in research and in water quality testing throughout the world. Evidence from several decades of research demonstrates, however, that enterococci may be present in high densities in the absence of obvious fecal sources and that environmental reservoirs of these FIB are important sources and sinks, with the potential to impact water quality. This review focuses on the distribution and microbial ecology of enterococci in environmental (secondary) habitats, including the effect of environmental stressors; an outline of their known and apparent sources, sinks, and fluxes; and an overview of the use of enterococci as FIB. Finally, the significance of emerging methodologies, such as microbial source tracking (MST) and empirical predictive models, as tools in water quality monitoring is addressed. The mounting evidence for widespread extraenteric sources and reservoirs of enterococci demonstrates the versatility of the genus&nbsp;</span><i><span id=\"named-content-3\" class=\"named-content genus-species\">Enterococcus</span></i><span>&nbsp;and argues for the necessity of a better understanding of their ecology in natural environments, as well as their roles as opportunistic pathogens and indicators of human pathogens.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/MMBR.00023-12","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Nevers, M.B., Korajkic, A., Staley, Z.R., and Harwood, V.J., 2012, Enterococci in the environment: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, v. 76, no. 4, p. 685-706, https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00023-12.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"706","ipdsId":"IP-039003","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00023-12","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513721fae4b02ab8869bffcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korajkic, Asja","contributorId":93359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korajkic","given":"Asja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staley, Zachery R.","contributorId":82593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Zachery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwood, Valerie J.","contributorId":66567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70173676,"text":"70173676 - 2012 - Breeding season survival and breeding incidence of female Mottled Ducks on the upper Texas gulf coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T15:11:01","indexId":"70173676","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding season survival and breeding incidence of female Mottled Ducks on the upper Texas gulf coast","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous Mottled Duck (</span><i>Anas fulvigula</i><span>) studies suggested that high female breeding season survival may be caused by low nesting effort, but few breeding season estimates of survival associated with nesting effort exist on the western Gulf Coast. Here, breeding season survival (N = 40) and breeding incidence (N = 39) were estimated for female Mottled Ducks on the upper Texas coast, 2006&ndash;2008. Females were fitted with backpack radio transmitters and visually relocated every 3&ndash;4 days. Weekly survival was estimated using the Known Fate procedure of program MARK with breeding incidence estimated as the annual proportion of females observed nesting or with broods. The top-ranked survival model included a body mass covariate and held weekly female survival constant across weeks and years (S</span><sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.986, SE = 0.006). When compared to survival across the entire year estimated from previous band recovery and age ratio analysis, survival rate during the breeding season did not differ. Breeding incidence was well below 100% in all years and highly variable among years (15%&ndash;63%). Breeding season survival and breeding incidence were similar to estimates obtained with implant transmitters from the mid-coast of Texas. The greatest breeding incidence for both studies occurred when drought indices indicated average environmental moisture during the breeding season. The observed combination of low breeding incidence and high breeding season survival support the hypothesis of a trade-off between the ecological cost of nesting effort and survival for Mottled Duck females. Habitat cues that trigger nesting are unknown and should be investigated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0208","usgsCitation":"Rigby, E.A., and Haukos, D.A., 2012, Breeding season survival and breeding incidence of female Mottled Ducks on the upper Texas gulf coast: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 2, p. 260-269, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0208.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035536","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f02fe4b04f417c24da28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigby, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":171479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rigby","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045089,"text":"70045089 - 2012 - Earthquake ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T16:48:21.799866","indexId":"70045089","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Earthquake ground motion","docAbstract":"Most of the effort in seismic design of buildings and other structures is focused on structural design. This chapter addresses another key aspect of the design process—characterization of earthquake ground motion. Section 3.1 describes the basis of the earthquake ground motion maps in the Provisions and in ASCE 7. Section 3.2 has examples for the determination of ground motion parameters and spectra for use in design. Section 3.3 discusses and provides an example for the selection and scaling of ground motion records for use in response history analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2009 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples (FEMA P-751)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"FEMA","usgsCitation":"Luco, N., Valley, M., and Crouse, C., 2012, Earthquake ground motion, chap. 3 <i>of</i> 2009 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples (FEMA P-751), p. 3-1-3-28.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-28","ipdsId":"IP-034230","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dhs/criteria/fema-p-751","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e8e4b0ca1848338a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valley, Michael","contributorId":48464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crouse, C.B.","contributorId":76012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouse","given":"C.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045905,"text":"70045905 - 2012 - Mineral resource of the month: boron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T17:30:59","indexId":"70045905","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: boron","docAbstract":"The article offers information on the mineral, boron. Boron compounds, particularly borates, have more commercial applications than its elemental relative which is a metalloid. Making up the 90% of the borates that are used worldwide are colemanite, kernite, tincal, and ulexite. The main borate deposits are located in the Mojave Desert of the U.S., the Tethyan belt in southern Asia, and the Andean belt of South America. Underground and surface mining are being used in gathering boron compounds. INSETS: Fun facts;Boron production and consumption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Mineral resource of the month: boron: Earth, v. 57, no. 2, p. 23-23.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73e7e4b0037667dbc815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert D. Jr.","contributorId":102948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041875,"text":"70041875 - 2012 - Golden Gate Bridge response: a study with low-amplitude data from three earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T11:42:55","indexId":"70041875","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden Gate Bridge response: a study with low-amplitude data from three earthquakes","docAbstract":"The dynamic response of the Golden Gate Bridge, located north of San Francisco, CA, has been studied previously using ambient vibration data and finite element models. Since permanent seismic instrumentation was installed in 1993, only small earthquakes that originated at distances varying between ~11 to 122 km have been recorded. Nonetheless, these records prompted this study of the response of the bridge to low amplitude shaking caused by three earthquakes. Compared to previous ambient vibration studies, the earthquake response data reveal a slightly higher fundamental frequency (shorter-period) for vertical vibration of the bridge deck center span (~7.7–8.3 s versus 8.2–10.6 s), and a much higher fundamental frequency (shorter period) for the transverse direction of the deck (~11.24–16.3 s versus ~18.2 s). In this study, it is also shown that these two periods are dominant apparent periods representing interaction between tower, cable, and deck.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.4000018","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2012, Golden Gate Bridge response: a study with low-amplitude data from three earthquakes: Earthquake Spectra, v. 28, no. 2, p. 487-510, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000018.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"510","ipdsId":"IP-026135","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268760,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000018"},{"id":268761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Golden Gate Bridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372200e4b02ab8869bffd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042085,"text":"70042085 - 2012 - Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T14:32:05","indexId":"70042085","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series","docAbstract":"Multispectral remote sensing of the Earth using Landsat sensors was ushered on July 23, 1972, with the launch of Landsat-1. Following that success, four more Landsat satellites were launched, and each of these carried the Multispectral Scanner System (MSS). These five sensors provided the only consistent multispectral space-based imagery of the Earth's surface from 1972 to 1982. This work focuses on developing both a consistent and absolute radiometric calibration of this sensor system. Cross-calibration of the MSS was performed through the use of pseudoinvariant calibration sites (PICSs). Since these sites have been shown to be stable for long periods of time, changes in MSS observations of these sites were attributed to changes in the sensors themselves. In addition, simultaneous data collections were available for some MSS sensor pairs, and these were also used for cross-calibration. Results indicated substantial differences existed between instruments, up to 16%, and these were reduced to 5% or less across all MSS sensors and bands. Lastly, this paper takes the calibration through the final step and places the MSS sensors on an absolute radiometric scale. The methodology used to achieve this was based on simultaneous data collections by the Landsat-5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) instruments. Through analysis of image data from a PICS location and through compensating for the spectral differences between the two instruments, the Landsat-5 MSS sensor was placed on an absolute radiometric scale based on the Landsat-5 TM sensor. Uncertainties associated with this calibration are considered to be less than 5%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351","usgsCitation":"Helder, D.L., Karki, S., Bhatt, R., Micijevik, E., Aaron, D., and Jasinski, B., 2012, Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 6, p. 2380-2399, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2380","endPage":"2399","ipdsId":"IP-030742","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269167,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e8ee4b089809dbf44ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, Dennis L.","contributorId":105613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karki, Sadhana","contributorId":64966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karki","given":"Sadhana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhatt, Rajendra","contributorId":95768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhatt","given":"Rajendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Micijevik, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":107995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevik","given":"Esad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aaron, David","contributorId":83809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aaron","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jasinski, Benjamin","contributorId":31274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040456,"text":"70040456 - 2012 - A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T16:58:21","indexId":"70040456","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development","docAbstract":"This paper describes a spatiotemporal land use map for a rural county in the western United States. Sublette County, Wyoming has undergone recent land use change in the form of heightened rural residential development on private land and increased energy development on both public and private land. In this study we integrate energy production data, population census data, ownership parcel data, and a series of Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper scenes (over a 25-year period) to create a map that illustrates the changing landscape. Spatial change on the landscape is mapped at 30 square meters, congruent with a Landsat pixel. Sublette County has a wealth of wildlife and associated habitat which is affected by both types of growth. While we do not attempt to quantify the effect of disturbance on wildlife species, we believe our results can provide important baseline data that can be incorporated into land use planning and ecological-wildlife research at the landscape scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Maps","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2012.745381","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., and Montag, J.M., 2012, A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development: Journal of Maps, v. 8, no. 4, p. 327-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.745381.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"333","ipdsId":"IP-041648","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269681,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.745381"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51483763e4b022dd171afdbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montag, Jessica M.","contributorId":105007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montag","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043955,"text":"70043955 - 2012 - Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of planktonic red king crab (<i>Paralithodes camtschaticus</i> (Tilesius 1815)) larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T08:46:40","indexId":"70043955","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of planktonic red king crab (<i>Paralithodes camtschaticus</i> (Tilesius 1815)) larvae","docAbstract":"<p>The Alaskan red king crab (<i>Paralithodes camtschaticus</i>) fishery was once one of the most economically important single-species fisheries in the world, but is currently depressed. This fishery would benefit from improved stock assessment capabilities. Larval crab distribution is patchy temporally and spatially, requiring extensive sampling efforts to locate and track larval dispersal. Large-scale plankton surveys are generally cost prohibitive because of the effort required for collection and the time and taxonomic expertise required to sort samples to identify plankton individually via light microscopy. Here, we report the development of primers and a dual-labeled probe for use in a DNA-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the red king crab, mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I for the detection of red king crab larvae DNA in plankton samples. The assay allows identification of plankton samples containing crab larvae DNA and provides an estimate of DNA copy number present in a sample without sorting the plankton sample visually. The assay was tested on DNA extracted from whole red king crab larvae and plankton samples seeded with whole larvae, and it detected DNA copies equivalent to 1/10,000th of a larva and 1 crab larva/5mL sieved plankton, respectively. The real-time polymerase chain reaction assay can be used to screen plankton samples for larvae in a fraction of the time required for traditional microscopial methods, which offers advantages for stock assessment methodologies for red king crab as well as a rapid and reliable method to assess abundance of red king crab larvae as needed to improve the understanding of life history and population processes, including larval population dynamics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Shellfisheries Association","doi":"10.2983/035.031.0402","usgsCitation":"Jensen, P.C., Purcell, M., Morado, J.F., and Eckert, G.L., 2012, Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of planktonic red king crab (<i>Paralithodes camtschaticus</i> (Tilesius 1815)) larvae: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 31, no. 4, p. 917-924, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0402.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"924","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037763","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a5062e4b072c16ef14aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, Pamela C.","contributorId":38877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morado, J. Frank","contributorId":10701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morado","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eckert, Ginny L.","contributorId":87835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckert","given":"Ginny","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045581,"text":"70045581 - 2012 - Developing spatially explicit footprints of plausible land-use scenarios in the Santa Cruz Watershed, Arizona and Sonora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T17:07:53","indexId":"70045581","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing spatially explicit footprints of plausible land-use scenarios in the Santa Cruz Watershed, Arizona and Sonora","docAbstract":"The SLEUTH urban growth model is applied to a binational dryland watershed to envision and evaluate plausible future scenarios of land use change into the year 2050. Our objective was to create a suite of geospatial footprints portraying potential land use change that can be used to aid binational decision-makers in assessing the impacts relative to sustainability of natural resources and potential socio-ecological consequences of proposed land-use management. Three alternatives are designed to simulate different conditions: (i) a Current Trends Scenario of unmanaged exponential growth, (ii) a Conservation Scenario with managed growth to protect the environment, and (iii) a Megalopolis Scenario in which growth is accentuated around a defined international trade corridor. The model was calibrated with historical data extracted from a time series of satellite images. Model materials, methodology, and results are presented. Our Current Trends Scenario predicts the footprint of urban growth to approximately triple from 2009 to 2050, which is corroborated by local population estimates. The Conservation Scenario results in protecting 46% more of the Evergreen class (more than 150,000 acres) than the Current Trends Scenario and approximately 95,000 acres of Barren Land, Crops, Deciduous Forest (Mesquite Bosque), Grassland/Herbaceous, Urban/Recreational Grasses, and Wetlands classes combined. The Megalopolis Scenario results also depict the preservation of some of these land-use classes compared to the Current Trends Scenario, most notably in the environmentally important headwaters region. Connectivity and areal extent of land cover types that provide wildlife habitat were preserved under the alternative scenarios when compared to Current Trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.015","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Feller, M., and Villarreal, M., 2012, Developing spatially explicit footprints of plausible land-use scenarios in the Santa Cruz Watershed, Arizona and Sonora: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 107, no. 3, p. 225-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-030525","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271426,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.015"}],"country":"United States;Mexico","state":"Arizona;Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.05,26.3 ], [ -115.05,37.0 ], [ -108.42,37.0 ], [ -108.42,26.3 ], [ -115.05,26.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178fee5e4b0d842c705f6e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feller, Mark","contributorId":79931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feller","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L.","contributorId":107012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043878,"text":"70043878 - 2012 - Increased temperature and altered summer precipitation have differential effects on biological soil crusts in a dryland ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T21:13:28","indexId":"70043878","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased temperature and altered summer precipitation have differential effects on biological soil crusts in a dryland ecosystem","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are common and ecologically important members of dryland ecosystems worldwide, where they stabilize soil surfaces and contribute newly fixed C and N to soils. To test the impacts of predicted climate change scenarios on biocrusts in a dryland ecosystem, the effects of a 2–3 °C increase in soil temperature and an increased frequency of smaller summer precipitation events were examined in a large, replicated field study conducted in the cold desert of the Colorado Plateau, USA. Surface soil biomass (DNA concentration), photosynthetically active cyanobacterial biomass (chlorophyll a concentration), cyanobacterial abundance (quantitative PCR assay), and bacterial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) were monitored seasonally over 2 years. Soil microbial biomass and bacterial community composition were highly stratified between the 0–2 cm depth biocrusts and 5–10 cm depth soil beneath the biocrusts. The increase in temperature did not have a detectable effect on any of the measured parameters over 2 years. However, after the second summer of altered summer precipitation pattern, significant declines occurred in the surface soil biomass (avg. DNA concentration declined 38%), photosynthetic cyanobacterial biomass (avg. chlorophyll a concentration declined 78%), cyanobacterial abundance (avg. gene copies g<sup>−1</sup> soil declined 95%), and proportion of Cyanobacteria in the biocrust bacterial community (avg. representation in sequence libraries declined 85%). Biocrusts are important contributors to soil stability, soil C and N stores, and plant performance, and the loss or reduction of biocrusts under an altered precipitation pattern associated with climate change could contribute significantly to lower soil fertility and increased erosion and dust production in dryland ecosystems at a regional scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02709.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.L., Kuske, C.R., Carney, T.D., Housman, D.C., Gallegos-Graves, L., and Belnap, J., 2012, Increased temperature and altered summer precipitation have differential effects on biological soil crusts in a dryland ecosystem: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 8, p. 2583-2593, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02709.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2583","endPage":"2593","ipdsId":"IP-037065","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273419,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02709.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b1bbd4e4b022a6a540f9f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Shannon L.","contributorId":22643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuske, Cheryl R.","contributorId":81063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuske","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carney, Travis D.","contributorId":15486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Housman, David C.","contributorId":60752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Housman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallegos-Graves, La Verne","contributorId":97408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos-Graves","given":"La Verne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044783,"text":"70044783 - 2012 - Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-21T14:19:06","indexId":"70044783","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression","docAbstract":"One of the primary goals of biological assessment is to assess whether contaminants or other stressors limit the ecological potential of running waters. It is important to interpret responses to contaminants relative to other environmental factors, but necessity or convenience limit quantification of all factors that influence ecological potential. In these situations, the concept of limiting factors is useful for data interpretation. We used quantile regression to measure risks to aquatic life exposed to metals by including all regression quantiles (τ  =  0.05–0.95, by increments of 0.05), not just the upper limit of density (e.g., 90<sup>th</sup> quantile). We measured population densities (individuals/0.1 m<sup>2</sup>) of 2 mayflies (Rhithrogena spp., Drunella spp.) and a caddisfly (Arctopsyche grandis), aqueous metal mixtures (Cd, Cu, Zn), and other limiting factors (basin area, site elevation, discharge, temperature) at 125 streams in Colorado. We used a model selection procedure to test which factor was most limiting to density. Arctopsyche grandis was limited by other factors, whereas metals limited most quantiles of density for the 2 mayflies. Metals reduced mayfly densities most at sites where other factors were not limiting. Where other factors were limiting, low mayfly densities were observed despite metal concentrations. Metals affected mayfly densities most at quantiles above the mean and not just at the upper limit of density. Risk models developed from quantile regression showed that mayfly densities observed at background metal concentrations are improbable when metal mixtures are at US Environmental Protection Agency criterion continuous concentrations. We conclude that metals limit potential density, not realized average density. The most obvious effects on mayfly populations were at upper quantiles and not mean density. Therefore, we suggest that policy developed from mean-based measures of effects may not be as useful as policy based on the concept of limiting factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/11-133.1","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Clements, W.H., and Cade, B.S., 2012, Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 3, p. 709-723, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-133.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"723","ipdsId":"IP-017391","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274070,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-133.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.06,36.99 ], [ -109.06,41.0 ], [ -102.04,41.0 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -109.06,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e33e4b0c89b8f120e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, William H.","contributorId":39504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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