Villa Angela Beach, on the Lake Erie lakeshore near Cleveland, Ohio, is just west of the mouth of Euclid Creek, a small, flashy stream that drains approximately 23 square miles and is susceptible to periodic contamination from combined sewer overflows (CSOs; 190 and 189 events in 2018 and 2019, respectively). Concerns about high concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water samples collected along this beach and subsequent frequent beach closures led to the collection of water-quality and water-velocity data in the nearshore area to gain insights into nearshore mixing processes, circulation, and the potential for transport of bacteria and other CSO-related contaminants from nearby sources to the beach. Synoptic surveys were completed by the U.S. Geological Survey on June 10–12, 2019, and August 19–21, 2019, to observe conditions during early and late periods of the summer season. This study follows several studies in this area. Data-collection methods for this study included deployment of an autonomous underwater vehicle and use of a manned boat equipped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and a multiparameter sonde. Spatial distributions of water-quality constituents and nearshore currents indicated that the mixing zone near the mouth of Euclid Creek and Villa Angela Beach is dynamic and highly variable in spatial extent. Similar observations around the Easterly Wastewater Treatment Plant 1.5 miles to the southwest of Villa Angela Beach indicated a mixing zone that was likewise dynamic and highly variable in spatial extent. Observed circulation patterns during synoptic surveys in summer 2019 indicated that contaminants from CSOs in Euclid Creek and at CSO discharge points along the Lake Erie lakefront (as traced using specific conductance as a surrogate) tended to be transported differently depending on the magnitude and direction of winds and longshore currents. The southwesterly longshore current that was responsible for driving a recirculation pattern along the beach during a previous study in summer 2012 was not observed during the summer 2019 synoptic surveys. That was not surprising because continuous velocity data collected near Villa Angela Beach indicated that longshore currents with a northeasterly component occurred most (65 percent) of the time from June 12 to August 28, 2019.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J.A., and Jackson, P.R., 2022, Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, June 10–12, 2019, and August 19–21, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5122, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215122.","productDescription":"Report: x, 77 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122040","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502125,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112548.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396926,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P963OH6M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Velocity surveys and three-dimensional point measurements of basic water-quality constituents in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, June 10–12, 2019, and August 19–21, 2019"},{"id":396925,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5122/images"},{"id":396924,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5122/sir20215122.XML"},{"id":396923,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5122/sir20215122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"56.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5122"},{"id":396922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5122/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Cleveland","otherGeospatial":"Villa Angela Beach, Euclid Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.61949157714844,\n 41.55381099217959\n ],\n [\n -81.59923553466797,\n 41.54327642327762\n ],\n [\n -81.5346908569336,\n 41.58463401188338\n ],\n [\n -81.56044006347656,\n 41.603377487685165\n ],\n [\n -81.61949157714844,\n 41.55381099217959\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
9818 Bluegrass Parkway
Louisville, KY 40299
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in engineered particles including engineered nanomaterial (ENM) and pigments, yet its occurrence, concentrations, temporal variability, and fate in natural environmental systems are poorly understood. For three years, we monitored TiO2 concentrations in a rural river basin (Edisto River, < 1% urban land cover) in South Carolina, United States. The total concentrations of Ti, Nb, Al, Fe, Ce, and La in the Edisto River trended higher during spring/summer compared to autumn/winter. Upward trending Ti/Nb ratio in the spring/summer compared to near-background autumn/winter ratios of 255.7 ± 8.9 indicated agricultural preparation and growing-season-related increases in TiO2 engineered particles. In contrast, downward trending of the Ti/Al and Ti/Fe ratios in the spring and summer compared to the near-background autumn/winter ratios of 0.05 indicated greater mobilization of Fe and Al, relative to Ti during spring/summer. Surface-water concentrations of TiO2 engineered particles varied between 0 and 128.7 ± 3.9 μg TiO2 L−1. Increases in TiO2 concentrations over the spring/summer were associated with increases in phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrate, ammonia, anthropogenic gadolinium, water temperature, suspended sediments, organic carbon, and alkalinity, and with decreases in dissolved oxygen. The association between these contaminants together with the timing of the increases in their concentrations is consistent with diffuse wastewater sources, such as reuse application overspray, biosolids fertilization, leaking sewers, or septic tanks, as the driver of instream concentrations; however, other diffuse sources cannot be ruled out. The findings of this study indicate spatially-distributed (non-point source) releases can result in high concentrations of TiO2 engineered particles, which may pose higher risks to rural stream aquatic ecosystems during the agricultural season. The results illustrate the importance of monitoring seasonal variations in engineered particles concentrations in surface waters for a more representative assessment of ecosystem risk.
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Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible anthropogenic enhancement of precipitation in the Sahel-Sudan Savanna by remote agricultural irrigation","docAbstract":"The local climatic impacts of historical expansion of irrigation are substantial, but the distant impacts are poorly understood, and their governing mechanisms generally have not been rigorously analyzed. Our experiments with an earth-system model suggest that irrigation in the Middle East and South Asia may enhance rainfall in a large portion of the Sahel-Sudan Savanna (SSS) to an extent comparable and opposite to its suppression by other anthropogenic climate drivers during the last several decades. The enhancement arises through a reduction in the meridional gradient of moist static energy from the Sahara Desert to the tropical rainforests. An implication of this study is that remote irrigation is a possible factor affecting the risk of drought and famine and, thus, future water security in the SSS region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021GL096972","usgsCitation":"Zeng, Y., Milly, P.C., Shevliakova, E., Malyshev, S., von Huijgevoort, M., and Dunne, K.A., 2022, Possible anthropogenic enhancement of precipitation in the Sahel-Sudan Savanna by remote agricultural irrigation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 49, no. 6, e2021GL096972, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096972.","productDescription":"e2021GL096972, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110306","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096972","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Sahel-Sudan Savanna","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1,\n 10\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 10\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -1,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -1,\n 10\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeng, Yujin","contributorId":295884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yujin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milly, Paul C. 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Ecosystem recovery after wildfires depends on soil microbial communities and revegetation and therefore is limited by the availability of nutrients, such as nitrogen-containing and labile, water-soluble compounds. However, SOM byproducts produced at different wildfire intensities are poorly understood, leading to difficulties in assessing wildfire severity and predicting ecosystem recovery. In this work, water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from laboratory microcosms of soil burned at discrete temperatures was characterized by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to study the impacts of fire temperature on SOM and DOM composition. The molecular composition derived from different burn temperatures indicated that nitrogen-containing byproducts were enriched with heating and composed of a wide range of aromatic features and oxidation states. Mass difference-based analysis also suggested that products formed during heating could be modeled using transformations along the Maillard reaction pathway. The enrichment of N-containing SOM and DOM at different soil burning intensities has important implications for ecosystem recovery and downstream water quality.
We created a 270-m coupled model of land-use and groundwater conditions, LUCAS-W[ater], for California’s Central Coast. This groundwater-dependent region is undergoing a dramatic reorganization of groundwater management under California’s 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).
Understanding land-use and land-cover change supports long-term sustainable water management. Anthropogenic water demand has depleted groundwater aquifers worldwide, while future water shortages will likely affect land-use change, creating system feedbacks. Our novel participatory approach fused changes in land-use and associated water use from county-scale data to local water agencies’ estimates of total sustainable supply, scaling up local hydro-geologic knowledge from heterogeneous aquifers and diverse management approaches to a regional level. We assessed five stakeholder-driven scenarios with the same historic rates of urban and agricultural land-use change, but different water and land-use management, analyzing how management strategies altered both the spatial pattern of development and subsequent water sustainability from 2001 to 2061.
Transformative strategies using demand-side interventions that coupled water availability to land-use more effectively achieved long-term sustainability than adaptive strategies using supply-side interventions to increase water supplies. Limiting water withdrawals within SGMA regulated basins resulted in leakage of development into unregulated basins, increasing groundwater pumping there. Protecting ecosystems, farmlands, and recharge areas from development reduced leakage into undeveloped basins without negatively affecting water sustainability.
Idaho may be popular for potatoes, but the State’s richness also lies in its scenery and natural resources. Its terrain varies from mountains, rivers, and waterfalls to forests, volcanic rock, and hot springs. A growing population gives Idaho even more reason to use the best information available to serve the needs of its residents while wisely managing its environment and natural resources.
Soon after the first Landsat satellite launched, Idaho recognized how useful its data could be. In 1975, the Idaho Department of Water Resources started using data from Landsat 1 and has since used data from every subsequent Landsat satellite.
Here is a closer look at Landsat as a key tool for monitoring water, along with other examples of Landsat’s value to Idaho.
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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 8, 2022; Version 1.1: January 23, 2023","contact":"Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Releases of water from Flaming Gorge Dam together with climate-related variations in runoff determine the streamflow regime of the Green River, which affects the physical characteristics of the channel and riparian ecosystem of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park. The dam has decreased peak streamflows and raised base streamflows, resulting in vegetation encroachment and channel narrowing and simplification, which could be detrimental to endangered fish habitats over time. Operations of Flaming Gorge Dam are in part determined by flow recommendations provided by the Upper Colorado River Basin Endangered Fish Recovery Program that are designed to benefit native fish and disadvantage nonnative fish. These recommendations alone may not be sufficient to prevent channel narrowing and simplification. Increases in base flows may contribute to channel narrowing and simplification by increasing the water available to riparian vegetation and reducing the water volume available for increasing peak-flow magnitude or duration This report describes how proposed revisions to these flow recommendations would affect the physical characteristics of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park, with a focus on riparian vegetation and channel width.
Hydrologic conditions for the Green River downstream from Flaming Gorge Dam are classified by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation as dry, moderately dry, average, moderately wet, or wet. The flow recommendations for peak-flow magnitude and duration in wet years are consistent with geomorphic objectives and historical post-dam flows. In moderately wet years, although the recommended peaks may be sufficient to prevent narrowing over the short term, these peaks are lower than historical post-dam peak flows for moderately wet years and could therefore allow reduction in the occasional large peaks necessary to maintain sediment mobility and channel complexity. For average and drier years, the recommendations allow, but do not require, peak-flow magnitude and durations that are likely to achieve geomorphic objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Canyonlands National Park","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Friedman, J.M., Dean, D.J., and Topping, D.J., 2022, The effects of requested flows for native fish on sediment dynamics, geomorphology, and riparian vegetation for the Green River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1019, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221019.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126163","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112531.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1019/ofr20221019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1019/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River, Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 38.19502155795575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created a virtual training series for the Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), now known as the National Water Affairs Regulation Authority (NWARA), to provide critical hydrological training as an alternative to an in-person training. The USGS was scheduled to provide in-person surface-water training for NWARA during 2020; however, travel was halted because of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic. The virtual training consisted of prerecorded and live presentations that were scheduled during 4 weeks in August 2021. However, the training was halted after the second week due to the collapse of the Afghan Government. Fortunately, the prerecorded presentations and training materials were delivered before the trainings were halted, so they can be viewed or shared by the participants in the future. A benefit to having produced prerecorded trainings is that USGS can leverage or adapt the trainings for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in humanitarian water relief efforts in Afghanistan or can be used for other international training efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Groten, J.T., Valder, J.F., Densmore, B.K., Neal, L.W., Krahulik, J., and Mack, T.J., 2022, Virtual training prepared for the former Afghanistan Ministry of Energy and Water—Streamgaging, fluvial sediment sampling, bathymetry, and streamflow and sediment modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3014, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223014.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137256","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/fs20223014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"545 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022-3014"},{"id":396851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/fs20223014.XML"},{"id":396854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3014/images"}],"contact":"Director, Office of International Programs
U.S. Geological Survey
411 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Many grass-dominated ecosystems in dryland regions have experienced increasing woody plant density and abundance during the past century. In many cases, this process has led to land degradation and declines in ecosystem functions. An example is the Chihuahuan Desert in the southwestern United States, which experienced different stages of shrub encroachment in the past 150 years. Among a wide variety of mechanisms to explain the grass–shrub transitions in this dryland system, soil erosion (both wind and water) and fire are particularly well studied. Here, we synthesize recent developments on the drivers and feedback in the process of shrub encroachment in the Chihuahuan Desert through the intercomparison of two Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, namely Jornada and Sevilleta. Experimental and modeling studies support a conceptual framework, which underscores the important roles of erosion and fire in woody plant encroachment. Collectively, research at the Jornada LTER provided complementary, quantitative support to the well-known fertile-islands framework. Studies at the Sevilleta LTER expanded the framework, adding fire as a major disturbance to woody plants. Conceptual models derived from the synthesis represent the general understanding of shrub encroachment that emerged from research at these two sites, and can guide management interventions aimed at reducing or mitigating undesirable ecosystem state change in many other drylands worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3949","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Ravi, S., Wang, G., Van Pelt, R.S., Gill, T.E., and Sankey, J., 2022, Woody plant encroachment of grassland and the reversibility of shrub dominance: Erosion, fire, and feedback processes: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3949, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3949.","productDescription":"e3949, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124265","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":402103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Pelt, R. 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Three coastal marshes with contrasting salinities in Barataria Basin, Louisiana, USA, were sampled to understand seasonal changes in porewater carbonate chemistry and its impact on surrounding water bodies. Each marsh was sampled five times between December 2018 and October 2019. Porewater DIC and TA increased with depth irrespective of marsh type and ranged from 4.47 to 31.61 mmol/kg and from 1.78 to 28.56 mmol/kg, respectively. The salt marsh had higher porewater DIC and TA compared to the lower salinity intermediate and brackish marshes, probably due to sulfate reduction in the salt marsh. However, it is likely that denitrification is the dominant anaerobic process in these marshes because of low porewater TA/DIC ratios in all three marshes. Porewater TA and DIC concentrations were generally higher during warmer months than colder months. However, the marsh flooding regime had a profound influence on TA and DIC concentrations by changing the redox potential of the marsh soil. Porewater TA/DIC ratios in all three marshes were generally less than 1, while surface water TA/DIC ratios were around 1, suggesting that export of DIC and TA from coastal marshes have the potential to contribute to coastal acidification.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801","usgsCitation":"He, S., Maiti, K., Swarzenski, C., Elsey-Quirk, T., Groseclose, G., and Justic, D., 2022, Porewater chemistry of Louisiana marshes with contrasting salinities and its implications for coastal acidification: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 268, 107801, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801.","productDescription":"107801, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129955","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107801","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.830792799196345\n ],\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.234933229173492\n ],\n [\n -89.75416975401312,\n 29.234933229173492\n ],\n [\n -89.75416975401312,\n 29.830792799196345\n ],\n [\n -90.51557968720905,\n 29.830792799196345\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"268","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Songjie","contributorId":329472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Songjie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maiti, Kanchan","contributorId":316257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maiti","given":"Kanchan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher 0000-0001-9843-1471","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":222381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elsey-Quirk, Tracy","contributorId":214099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsey-Quirk","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13050,"text":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Groseclose, Gina 0000-0003-2546-7099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2546-7099","contributorId":346865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groseclose","given":"Gina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83002,"text":"Contractor, Dept of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Justic, Dubravko","contributorId":346866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justic","given":"Dubravko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83003,"text":"Dept of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70262412,"text":"70262412 - 2022 - The cost of avoiding predators: A bioenergetic analysis of diel vertical migration by the opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T23:07:25.031633","indexId":"70262412","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The cost of avoiding predators: A bioenergetic analysis of diel vertical migration by the opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana","docAbstract":"The freshwater opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana can undergo extensive diel vertical migration (DVM) to feed in shallow, prey rich strata at night. Bright moonlight limits their night-time migration presumably due to predator avoidance. Using a linked, foraging-bioenergetics model, we evaluated the cost of avoiding predators by simulating the effects of prey density, water temperature, and light intensity on daily feeding and growth of M. diluviana in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, USA. We found that when mysid distribution was not limited by moonlight intensity, simulated food consumption (10.3 J day−1) increased 1.6-fold compared to estimated consumption (6.1 J day−1) based on their observed, vertical distribution. Moreover, simulated growth of mysids (0.61 mg day−1) increased 74% compared to that estimated from observed distribution patterns (0.35 mg day−1), when they were located in deeper, darker strata. Given recent insights into partial DVM by M. diluviana, we note that proximate factors associated with predator avoidance in pelagic (light availability) and benthic (hunger level, body size and reproductive status) habitats may convey complimentary benefits to M. diluviana fitness by reducing predation mortality and increasing metabolic efficiency.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Temperature is a key controlling variable from subcellular to ecosystem scales. Thus, climatic warming is expected to have broad impacts, especially in economically and ecologically valuable systems such as estuaries. The heavily managed upper San Francisco Estuary supplies water to millions of people and is home to fish species of high conservation, commercial, and recreational interest. Despite a long monitoring record (> 50 yr), we do not yet know how water temperatures have already changed or how trends vary spatially or seasonally. We fit generalized additive models on an integrated database of discrete water temperature observations to estimate long-term trends with spatio-seasonal variability. We found that water temperatures have increased 0.017°C yr−1 on average over the past 50 yr. Rates of temperature change have varied over time, but warming was predominant. Temperature increases were most widespread in the late-fall to winter (November to February) and mid-spring (April to June), coinciding with the winter development of juvenile Chinook salmon and spring spawning window of the endangered delta smelt. Warming was fastest in the northern regions, a key fish migration corridor with important tidal wetland habitat. However, no long-term temperature trends were detected in October and were only observed in some regions in May, July, and August. These results can help identify optimal areas for restoration or refugia to buffer the effects of a warming climate, and the methods can be leveraged to understand the spatiotemporal variability in climate warming patterns in other aquatic systems.
Annual bank erosion was measured at multiple cross sections along the free-flowing meandering Powder River in the western United States from 1979 through 2019. Bank erosion was separated into two components—above water and underwater erosion. Above water erosion was measured as the annual bank retreat rate (0–15.4 m y−1). Underwater erosion rate (0–47 m3 m−1 y−1) was calculated as the volume eroded below the water level corresponding to the dominant annual peak discharge, Qp. This paper focuses primarily on the underwater erosion. A total of 491 annual erosion rates were calculated for 23 bank sites along a 90-km study reach in southeastern Montana. Sites were not just hotspots for bank erosion but represent the spectra of variables such as the radius of curvature divided by channel width, R/w (2–86), the peak discharge, Qp (22.7–314 m3 s−1), and the bank orientation (0–360°).
Local annual bank erosion was extremely variable in time and space. It was episodic and unsynchronized along the study reach with the maximum annual bank erosion occurring in different years at different bank sites. The composite probability distribution of all 491 annual bank erosion rates was best modeled by a zero-adjusted Weibull distribution. Individual probability distributions for each of the 23 sites were all different from each other and from the composite distribution highlighting the extreme variability. The correlation of the annual underwater erosion with channel geometry and bank variables was low (R2 < 0.31) but the correlation was higher for peak discharge with 25% of the sites having R2 > 0.50.
Time-averaging reduced the variability at each site and when grouped into five peak-discharge classes each class was correlated with R/w as a power law with an exponent of about −1. Reach-averaging also reduced the variability for each year, and when grouped by bank orientation (north-, east-, south-, and west-facing), bank erosion was linearly related to Qp with south- and west-facing orientations having about twice as much erosion per unit discharge (0.030 m3 m−1 y−1/m3 s−1) than north- and east-facing orientations.
Bank erosion was found to be not just a multi-variate complex process with little correlation and high variability that suggests randomness, but also a process that was a function of a different combinations of variables at different sites at the same time. However, this high variability was reduced by time- and reach-averaging, which produced predictable results analogous to the central limit theorem.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108713","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, P., Alexander, R., Blomquist, J.D., Devereux, O.H., Noe, G.E., Wagner, T., and Smalling, K., 2022, Power analysis for detecting the effects of best management practices on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 136, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108713.","productDescription":"108713, 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-136202","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard","contributorId":219089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. 0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":215461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H.","contributorId":97238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":214623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229392,"text":"70229392 - 2022 - Early Neoproterozoic gold deposits of the Alto Guaporé province, southwestern Amazon craton, western Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-04T15:06:26.624931","indexId":"70229392","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T08:56:29","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Neoproterozoic gold deposits of the Alto Guaporé province, southwestern Amazon craton, western Brazil","docAbstract":"The Alto Guaporé gold province, southwestern Amazon craton, contains gold deposits that have been mined since the beginning of the 18th century and these deposits, together, have modern-day, pre-mining gold resources of at least 1.8 Moz. The ore is associated with quartz vein systems along the southeastern part of the Aguapei belt, a ~35-km-wide and ~500-km-long, NNW-trending shear zone formed due to reactivation of a terrane-bounding suture. The Aguapei belt evolved by ca. 1150 to 1100 Ma rifting and deposition of siliciclastic sediments in an aulacogen basin, followed by deformation and low-grade metamorphism of the sedimentary sequences during 1100 to 900 Ma terrane collision along the craton margin. The deformation was characterized by a compressional regime until ca. 950 Ma and transition to a transpressional setting during the final 50 m.y.
The gold deposits are hosted in a variety of structures that are second-order to the main Aguapei shear zone. The Ernesto and Pau-a-Pique deposits are located ~40 km apart and at jogs along the Aguapei belt. They are marginal to pre-ore igneous rocks, with Ernesto hosted in the basal part of the metasedimentary Fortuna Formation that overlies tonalite and Pau-a-Pique at the contact between metasedimentary rocks and diorite. Three deformational phases comprise the compressional (D1 to D2) to transpressional (D3) tectonic events. In the Pau-a-Pique deposit and the deeper level of the Ernesto deposit, the ore-bearing veins are bedding parallel and follow D2 strike-slip and reverse fault zones, respectively. However, the veins formed during D3 reactivation of the older structures by an array of oblique accommodation faults. In contrast, ores at shallower levels of Ernesto, both in discordant and bedding-parallel veins, are hosted within a ~20-m-thick rigid metaconglomerate with associated dilation due to the structural complexity as sedimentary rocks of the Aguapei Group were folded around the dome-shaped roof of the pre-ore tonalite. The ores in both deposits, as well as in many other deposits of the province, are characterized by disseminated and vein-hosted pyrite. Gold occurs mainly as inclusions in the pyrite, with other hydrothermal phases comprising muscovite, Fe-Ti oxides, and minor apatite, chalcopyrite, and galena.
Fluid inclusion data, coupled with stable isotope geochemistry and geothermometry, indicate that gold precipitated from a low-salinity, CO2-rich fluid at ~300°C and ~2.5 kbar. The source for the fluid and gold was the interbedded pelites during devolatilization of the Aguapei Group sequence. The aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions and the narrow range of δ18O values of quartz (12 ± 1‰) from many auriferous veins from the central part of the province represent a regional ore-forming fluid. The broad range of δD for hydrous minerals (–116 to –55‰) reflects influx of small amounts of meteoric water into the steeply dipping shear zones during postgold exhumation. The 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from hydrothermal muscovite indicates a widespread hydrothermal event along the belt between 928 and 920 Ma. Collectively, the geological, geochronological, and geochemical data suggest that metamorphic fluids migrated laterally into and then upward along the Aguapei belt and deposited gold in lower-order structures where strain gradients existed between lithounits. The province has many characteristics of large orogenic gold provinces worldwide and represents a highly prospective and underexplored target region for early Neoproterozoic gold, a time period that generally is not well endowed in gold ores.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.4852","usgsCitation":"de Melo, R.P., de Oliveira, M.A., Goldfarb, R.J., Johnson, C.A., Marsh, E.E., Xavier, R.P., de Oliveira, L.R., and Morgan, L.E., 2022, Early Neoproterozoic gold deposits of the Alto Guaporé province, southwestern Amazon craton, western Brazil: Economic Geology, v. 117, no. 1, p. 127-163, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4852.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-121052","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/222995","text":"External Repository"},{"id":396749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Alto Guaporé gold province, Amazon craton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.7314453125,\n -20.756113874762068\n ],\n [\n -45.966796875,\n -20.756113874762068\n ],\n [\n -45.966796875,\n -8.146242825034385\n ],\n [\n -64.7314453125,\n -8.146242825034385\n ],\n [\n -64.7314453125,\n -20.756113874762068\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Melo, Rodrigo Prudente","contributorId":287985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Melo","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","middleInitial":"Prudente","affiliations":[{"id":61677,"text":"Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia, Univ. Federal de Goiás, R. Mucuri S/N, Aparecida de Goiânia, GO, CEP 74968-755, Brazil.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Oliveira, Marcos Aurelio Farias","contributorId":287986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Oliveira","given":"Marcos","email":"","middleInitial":"Aurelio Farias","affiliations":[{"id":61678,"text":"Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Univ. 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However, success of establishing populations remains low, especially for amphibians. Identifying factors associated with translocation success can help increase efficiency and efficacy of recovery efforts. Since the 1990s, several captive and semi-captive facilities have produced Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (Rana chiricahuensis) to establish or augment wild populations in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. During this same time, personnel associated with several programs surveyed translocation and non-translocation sites for presence of amphibians. We used 25 years (1995–2019) of survey and translocation data for the federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog to identify factors linked with population persistence. Our dataset included approximately 40,642 egg masses or animals translocated in 314 events to 115 distinct sites and > 5800 visual encounter surveys from 641 sites; 120 of these sites were also surveyed with environmental DNA methods in 2018. We used a hierarchical dynamic occupancy model that accounted for imperfect detection to identify patch- and landscape-level attributes associated with site occupancy, and then used predictions from that model to evaluate factors associated with population persistence at translocation sites. Across all sites, extinction probability for Chiricahua Leopard Frogs was higher in lotic (stream) than lentic (pond) habitats and when Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) were present. Restoration of sites specifically for frog conservation reduced extinction probability. Colonization of unoccupied sites increased moderately with increasing numbers of translocation sites within 2 km, indicating a benefit of translocation efforts beyond sites where frogs were stocked. At translocation sites, persistence was greater in lentic than lotic habitats and was negatively correlated with the proportion of years tiger salamanders were present. Increasing numbers of translocation events, especially of late-stage larvae, increased persistence. There was little difference in population persistence based on whether stock was from captive, semi-captive, or wild sources, but translocations during the dry season (January—July) succeeded more than those after the typical arrival of summer rains (August—December). Based on the number of years translocation sites were predicted to be occupied, 2 or more translocations produced, on average, a > 4-yr increase in predicted occupancy compared to sites without translocations. While translocations have increased the number of populations across the landscape, continued management of water availability and threats such as invasive predators and disease remain critical to recovery of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02078","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Howell, P., Owens, A., Cobos, C., Goldberg, C.S., Hall, D.L., Hedwall, S., MacVean, S., McCaffery, M., McCall, A.H., Mosley, C., Oja, E.B., Rorabaugh, J.C., Sigafus, B., and Sredl, M.J., 2022, Identifying factors linked with persistence of reintroduced populations: Lessons learned from 25 years of amphibian translocations: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 35, e02078, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02078.","productDescription":"e02078, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135486","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -106.0400390625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -112.35717773437499,\n 31.325486676506983\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":229347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, Paige E.","contributorId":173495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Paige E.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, Audrey K","contributorId":288932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owens","given":"Audrey K","affiliations":[{"id":61907,"text":"AGFD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cobos, C","contributorId":288933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cobos","given":"C","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38107,"text":"Turner Endangered Species Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":76879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hall, David L.","contributorId":222395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hedwall, Shaula","contributorId":288934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedwall","given":"Shaula","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"MacVean, Susi","contributorId":288935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacVean","given":"Susi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61907,"text":"AGFD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCaffery, Magnus","contributorId":288936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Magnus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38107,"text":"Turner Endangered Species Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCall, A. 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The CSUB package simulates the vertical compaction of compressible sediments and land subsidence. The package simulates groundwater storage changes and elastic compaction in coarse-grained aquifer sediments. The CSUB package also simulates groundwater storage changes and elastic and inelastic compaction in fne-grained, compressible interbeds, or in extensive confning units. The package can account for effective stress-dependent changes in storage properties. The CSUB package can also explicitly account for the contribution of water compressibility to groundwater storage changes.
Compaction of compressible sediments is formulated using Terzaghi’s elastoplastic model and assumes the total compaction is a small fraction of the total initial thickness of compressible sediments. Compaction is controlled by head or pore-pressure changes and overburden stress changes associated with water-table changes, and thus by effective stress changes within coarse-and fne-grained compressible sediments. If the stress in a compressible unit is less than the preconsolidation stress, compaction is elastic (recoverable). If the stress in a compressible sediment is greater than the preconsolidation stress, compaction is inelastic (irrecoverable) and permanent land subsidence occurs.
The propagation of head changes within fne-grained, compressible interbeds is represented numerically using a transient, one-dimensional (vertical) groundwater fow equation. This equation accounts for delayed release of water from storage or uptake of water into storage in the interbeds. Vertical hydraulic conductivity, elastic and inelastic skeletal specifc storage, and interbed thickness control the timing of interbed storage changes. Interbeds that are thin, have a relatively large vertical hydraulic conductivity, or relatively small specifc-storage values equilibrate quickly with heads/pore pressures in surrounding coarse-grained sediments and can be represented as no-delay interbeds that use the simulated groundwater head in a cell to calculate interbed compaction and do not need to be solved numerically using a vertically discretized interbed and the vertical groundwater fow equation.
In addition to the applicability to confned groundwater fow systems, several features of the CSUB package make it applicable to shallow, unconfned groundwater fow systems. Geostatic stress can be treated as a function of water-table elevation, and compaction is a function of computed changes in effective stress. The porosity, void ratio, and thickness of shallow and deep coarse-grained aquifer sediments, fne-grained interbeds, and extensive confning units can vary in time based on calculated strain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A62","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., Leake, S.A., Galloway, D.L., and White, J.T., 2022, Documentation for the Skeletal Storage, Compaction, and Subsidence (CSUB) Package of MODFLOW 6: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A62, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A62.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 57 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-114536","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396667,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A55","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A55","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Flow Model"},{"id":396668,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A56","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A56","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the “XT3D” option in the Node Property Flow (NPF) Package of MODFLOW 6"},{"id":396669,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A57","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A57","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 framework"},{"id":396639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a62/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1VQV","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- MODFLOW 6: USGS Modular Hydrologic Model"},{"id":396640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a62/tm6a62.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 6-A62"},{"id":396641,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A61","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A61","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Transport Model"}],"contact":"Director, Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division
Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS 411
Reston, VA 20192-0002
This report documents a new Groundwater Transport (GWT) Model for MODFLOW 6. The GWT Model simulates three-dimensional transport of a single chemical species in fowing groundwater based on a generalized control-volume fnite-difference approach. Although each GWT Model is only able to represent a single chemical species, multiple GWT Models may be invoked within a single MODFLOW 6 simulation to represent solute transport of multiple non-interacting chemical species. The GWT Model is designed to work with the Groundwater Flow (GWF) Model for MODFLOW 6, which simulates transient, three-dimensional groundwater fow. The version of the GWT model documented here must use the same spatial discretization used by the GWF Model; however, that spatial discretization can be represented by regular MODFLOW grids consisting of layers, rows, and columns, or by more general unstructured grids. The GWT Model simulates (1) advective transport, (2) the combined hydrodynamic dispersion processes of velocity-dependent mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion, (3) adsorption and absorption (collectively referred to as sorption) of solutes by the aquifer matrix, (4) transfer between the mobile domain and one or more immobile domains, (5) frst-or zero-order solute decay or production, (6) mixing from groundwater sources and sinks, and (7) direct addition of solute mass. The GWT Model can also represent advective solute transport through advanced package features, such as streams, lakes, multi-aquifer wells, and the unsaturated zone. If the GWF Model application uses the Water Mover (MVR) Package to connect fow packages, then solute transport between these packages can also be represented. The transport processes described in this report have been implemented in a fully implicit manner and are solved in a system of equations using iterative numerical methods. The present version of the GWT Model for MODFLOW 6 does not have an option to calculate steady-state transport solutions; if a steady-state solution is required, then transient evolution of the solute must be represented using multiple time steps until no further changes in solute concentrations are detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A61","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Provost, A.M., Panday, Sorab, and Hughes, J.D., 2022, Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Transport Model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A61, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A61.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 56 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-120850","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396637,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A62","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A62","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the Skeletal Storage, Compaction, and Subsidence (CSUB) Package of MODFLOW 6"},{"id":396666,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A57","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A57","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 framework"},{"id":396665,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A56","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A56","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the “XT3D” option in the Node Property Flow (NPF) Package of MODFLOW 6"},{"id":396664,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A55","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A55","linkHelpText":"- Documentation for the MODFLOW 6 Groundwater Flow Model"},{"id":396635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a61/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":396636,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a61/tm6a61.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 6-A61"},{"id":396638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1VQV","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- MODFLOW 6: USGS Modular Hydrologic Model"}],"contact":"Director, Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division
Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS 411
Reston, VA 20192-0002
Deep learning (DL) models can accurately predict many hydrologic variables including streamflow and water temperature; however, these models have typically predicted hydrologic variables independently. This study explored the benefits of modeling two interdependent variables, daily average streamflow and daily average stream water temperature, together using multi-task DL. A multi-task scaling factor controlled the relative contribution of the auxiliary variable's error to the overall loss during training. Our experiments examined the improvement in prediction accuracy of the multi-task approach using paired streamflow and water temperature data from sites across the conterminous United States. Our results showed that for 56 out of 101 sites, the best performing multi-task models performed better overall than the single-task models in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for predicting streamflow with single-site models. For 43 sites, the best multi-task, single-site models made no significant difference in predicting streamflow. The multi-task approach had a smaller effect when applied to a model trained with data from 101 sites together, significantly improving performance for only 17 sites. The multi-task scaling factor was consequential in determining to what extent the multi-task approach was beneficial. A naïve selection of this factor led to significantly worse-performing models for 3 of 101 sites when predicting streamflow as the primary variable, and 47 of 53 sites when predicting stream temperature as the primary variable. We conclude that a multi-task approach can make more accurate predictions by leveraging information from interdependent hydrologic variables, but only for some sites, variables, and model configurations.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Dashboard supplies critical information to decision makers, emergency managers, and the public during extreme hydrologic events (such as droughts and floods) and during normal hydrologic conditions. It informs decision making that can help protect lives and property before and during extreme hydrologic events. The National Water Dashboard draws upon the extensive site-specific hydrologic data housed in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN) and also links to the U.S. Geological Survey WaterAlert system, which provides users with instant and customized updates about water conditions. Overall, the National Water Dashboard is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's effort to respond to 21st century science needs.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Hydroclimate on ‘Uvea (Wallis et Futuna) is controlled by rainfall associated with the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the southern hemisphere's largest precipitation feature. To extend the short observational precipitation record, the hydrogen isotopic composition of the algal lipid biomarker dinosterol (δ2Hdinosterol) was measured in sediment cores from two volcanic crater lakes on ‘Uvea. The modern lakes differ morphologically and chemically but both contain freshwater within the photic zone, support phytoplankton communities inclusive of dinosterol-producing dinoflagellates, and experience identical climate conditions. δ2Hdinosterol values track lake water isotope ratios, ultimately controlled in the tropics by precipitation amount and evaporative enrichment. However, in 88-m-deep Lac Lalolalo a steadily decreasing trend in sedimentary δ2Hdinosterol values from −227‰ around year 988 CE to modern values as low as −303‰, suggests this lake's evolution from an active volcanic setting to the present system strongly influenced δ2Hdinosterol values. Although current hydrology and water isotope systematics may now reflect precipitation and evaporation in this lake, the interaction between these processes and large changes in basin morphology, geochemistry, and hydrology obstruct the recovery of a climate signal from Lac Lalolalo's sedimentary δ2Hdinosterol records. This work emphasizes the importance of site replication and the use of complementary climate reconstruction tools, especially when using molecular proxies that may be sensitive to more than one environmental parameter. Contrary to its neighbor, duplicate δ2Hdinosterol records from 23-m-deep Lac Lanutavake varied between −277‰ and −297‰ and indicate slightly drier conditions during the time-period known as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 950–1250 CE). The δ2Hdinosterol signal in Lac Lanutavake was muted compared to published records from ‘Upolu (Samoa) and Efate (Vanuatu) indicating that ‘Uvea's location is not as sensitive to precipitation variability at sites farther from the SPCZ central axis. Lithogenic runoff proxies combined with δ2Hdinosterol support the interpretation of a relatively dry MCA on ‘Uvea, ‘Upolu, and Efate, potentially due to less intense precipitation, a contracted, or a more zonally oriented SPCZ.
A hydrogeologic investigation was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, within the areas shown in the Macedon, Palmyra, Newark, and Lyons 7.5-minute quadrangle maps that include parts of Wayne, Ontario, and Seneca Counties in New York. The most productive zone of aquifers within the study area is associated with the Fairport-Lyons glacial-stream channel (hereinafter referred to as the “Fairport-Lyons channel”) in southern Wayne County and adjacent areas. The Fairport-Lyons channel is a west-east-oriented bedrock channel that once served as the outlet for glacial Lake Dawson, which occupied the Genesee Valley near Rochester during the Pleistocene. The Fairport-Lyons channel and intersecting subsidiary channels are hereinafter referred to as the “Fairport-Lyons channel system.” Glacial meltwater eroded this shallow channel network into the underlying bedrock, and the channels subsequently filled with interlayered glaciofluvial sand and gravel and fine-grained lacustrine deposits. These sand and gravel deposits provide the only large supplies of groundwater in Wayne County under unconfined and confined conditions and serve a population of over 20,000 through a combination of domestic and municipal water supply wells. The largest reported well yield, 1,200 gallons per minute, is from an industrial supply well near Newark, N.Y. Much of the sand and gravel within the Fairport-Lyons channel system is generally thinly saturated; however, in three areas—near Macedon, Newark, and Lyons, N.Y.—the saturated thickness of the aquifer is sufficient to support groundwater yields adequate for municipal and industrial use, in part because of induced infiltration from the Erie Canal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., Heisig, P.M., and Linsey, K.S., 2022, Hydrogeology of aquifers within the Fairport-Lyons channel system and adjacent areas in Wayne, Ontario, and Seneca Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5086, 15 p., 2 pls., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215086.","productDescription":"Report v, 15 p.; 2 Plates: 36.00 x 24.00 inches and 36.00 x 60.00 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070043","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502111,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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E–E'"},{"id":396440,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5086/sir20215086_plate01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"63.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5086 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"- Surficial geologic map of the Fairport-Lyons channel-system aquifer and adjacent areas in Wayne, Ontario, and Seneca Counties, New York [layered pdf; to toggle layers, download the file (right-click and select \"Save link as...\") and open it with Adobe Acrobat Reader]"},{"id":396653,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215086/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396445,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5086/images/"},{"id":396439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9N3JVAQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data 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New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
In February 2020, we held a workshop where we sought to identify where states should reintroduce or augment brook floater to minimize the probability of extinction within a state. We focused on Massachusetts and Connecticut, two states with only a few, small populations still extant, that likely need population restoration to prevent statewide extirpation. We identified that restoration actions aimed at redundancy (number of populations), representation (number of occupied basins), and resiliency (population size) were constrained by resource availability such as limited broodstock , staff time, and budgets. Optimal restoration locations depended on habitat conditions, the status (viability) of nearby mussel populations, population size (number of individuals), and the location within watersheds; all important considerations in addressing population persistence. Restoration actions also accounted for the risk of disease transmission among mussels and fish, and the genetic health and diversity of mussel populations. The workshop identified the multiple, compounding uncertainties related to population restoration, identified information gaps critical to decision making, and charted a path forward to make decisions given uncertainties. The optimization approach developed can be used to select specific watersheds for restoration in any state, province, or region and can easily be adapted as new information becomes available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/css40468057","usgsCitation":"Roy, A.H., Bjerre, E., Cummings, J., Kalasz, K., Carmignani, J., Hazelton, P., Kern, M., Perkins, D., Saucier, L., Skorupa, A., Katz, R., and Coghlan, C.C., 2022, Brook Floater restoration: Identifying locations to reintroduce or augment populations with propagated mussels: Cooperator Science Series CSS-141-2022, ii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3996/css40468057.","productDescription":"ii, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126392","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, 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