{"pageNumber":"1581","pageRowStart":"39500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184553,"records":[{"id":70044143,"text":"70044143 - 2012 - Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T15:10:24.465116","indexId":"70044143","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T09:55:13","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for fieldtrips in Connecticut and Massachusetts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geological Society of America Meeting 2012: Northeast Section. 47th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Mar 17-20, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Hartford, CT","language":"English","publisher":"State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Wintsch, R.P., 2012, Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome, <i>in</i> Guidebook for fieldtrips in Connecticut and Massachusetts, Hartford, CT, Mar 17-20, 2012, p. D1-D16.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"D1","endPage":"D16","ipdsId":"IP-034720","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Geology/Guidebooks","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Lyme dome, Old Lyme quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              41.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              41.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.15,\n              41.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.15,\n              41.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              41.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wintsch, Robert P.","contributorId":39807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintsch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70259358,"text":"70259358 - 2012 - Bedrock basins in the Sierra Nevada, Alta California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T11:04:29.20218","indexId":"70259358","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T09:02:47","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5361,"text":"California Archaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock basins in the Sierra Nevada, Alta California","docAbstract":"A 360-km-long belt of more than 1,400 meter-sized granitic bedrock\nbasins occurs at 1,200 to 2,500 m elevation on the west flank of the Sierra Nevada.\nThe circular, smooth basins are 0.7 to 1.7 min diameter and are commonly\n50 to 1,000 liters in volume. They are man-made as shown by their restricted size\nand elevation range, uniform circular shape, distinct basin shapes in different\ncultural areas, and the presence of bedrock mortars at 80 percent of the basin\nsites. Moreover, the juxtaposition of a northern cluster of basins to the vicinity\nof a rare salt spring suggests that these basins were constructed to evaporate salt.\nSeveral basins contain an A.O. 1350 volcanic ash, indicating that some existed\nbefore the end of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA; A.O. 800-1350). The basin\nbelt was more productive in terms of food sources during the MCA, and it is\npostulated that warmer, drier conditions promoted the construction of cisterns\nto contain fresh water in order to prolong the time of occupation of mountain\ncamps in late summer. Construction of the granitic basins required enormous\nenergy and produced one of the largest and better preserved sets of Native\nCalifornian features.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for California Archaeology","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Gorden, M., and Sisson, T.W., 2012, Bedrock basins in the Sierra Nevada, Alta California: California Archaeology, v. 4, no. 1, p. 99-122.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-029928","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorden, Mary A.","contributorId":344940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorden","given":"Mary A.","affiliations":[{"id":82438,"text":"Southern Sierra Archeological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70250931,"text":"70250931 - 2012 - Landslide inventory maps of the Gales Creek quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:46:43.26697","indexId":"70250931","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T08:20:05","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17120,"text":"Interactive Map Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"46","title":"Landslide inventory maps of the Gales Creek quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","usgsCitation":"Burns, W.J., Duplantis, S., Mickelson, K.A., Spritzer, J.M., and Wells, R., 2012, Landslide inventory maps of the Gales Creek quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon: Interactive Map Series 46, Report: iv, 30 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 42.00 inches.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 42.00 inches","ipdsId":"IP-042322","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":424372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.oregon.gov/dogami/ims/p-ims-046.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Gales Creek quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.25,\n              45.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.125,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.125,\n              45.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25,\n              45.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, W. J.","contributorId":333254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":79827,"text":"Oregon Dept Geology and Min. industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":892264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duplantis, S.","contributorId":333255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duplantis","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickelson, K. A.","contributorId":333256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mickelson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spritzer, J. M.","contributorId":333257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spritzer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Ray 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":204016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193242,"text":"70193242 - 2012 - Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T12:21:00","indexId":"70193242","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biogenic opal, organic carbon, organic matter stable isotope, and trace metal data from a well-dated, high-resolution jumbo piston core (EW0408–85JC; 59° 33.3′N, 144° 9.21′W, 682 m water depth) recovered from the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope reveal changes in productivity and nutrient utilization over the last 17,000 years. Maximum values of opal concentration (∼10%) occur during the deglacial Bølling-Allerød (B-A) interval and earliest Holocene (11.2 to 10.8 cal ka BP), moderate values (∼6%) occur during the Younger Dryas (13.0 to 11.2 cal ka BP) and Holocene, and minimum values (∼3.5%) occur during the Late Glacial Interval (LGI). When converted to opal mass accumulation rates, the highest values (∼5000 g cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>kyr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) occur during the LGI prior to 16.7 cal ka BP, which points to a strong influence by LGI glacimarine sedimentation regimes. Similar patterns are also observed in total organic carbon and cadmium paleoproductivity proxies. Mid-Holocene peaks in the terrestrial organic matter fraction at 5.5, 4.7, 3.5, and 1.2 cal ka BP indicate periods of enhanced delivery of glaciomarine sediments by the Alaska Coastal Current. The B-A and earliest Holocene intervals are laminated, and enrichments of redox-sensitive elements suggest dysoxic-to-anoxic conditions in the water column. The laminations are also associated with mildly enriched sedimentary<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N ratios, indicating a link between productivity, nitrogen cycle dynamics, and sedimentary anoxia. After applying a correction for terrestrial<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N contributions based on end-member mixing models of terrestrial and marine organic matter, the resulting B-A marine<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N (6.3 ± 0.4 ‰) ratios are consistent with either mild denitrification, or increased nitrate utilization. These findings can be explained by increased micronutrient (Fe) availability during episodes of rapid rising sea level that released iron from the previously subaerial coastal plain; iron input from enhanced terrestrial runoff; and/or the intermittent presence of seasonal sea ice resulting from altered ocean/atmospheric circulation during the B-A in the Gulf of Alaska.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2011PA002161","usgsCitation":"Addison, J.A., Finney, B., Dean, W.E., Davies, M., Mix, A.C., and Jaeger, J.M., 2012, Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope: Paleoceanography, v. 27, PA1206; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002161.","productDescription":"PA1206; 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-029801","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011pa002161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149,\n              57.76\n            ],\n            [\n              -136,\n              57.76\n            ],\n            [\n              -136,\n              63\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n              63\n            ],\n            [\n              -149,\n             57.76\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbee4b0531197afa045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finney, Bruce P.","contributorId":88074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"Bruce P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Davies, Maureen H.","contributorId":91311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Maureen H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Mix, Alan C.","contributorId":83346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Jaeger, John M.","contributorId":11423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70192259,"text":"70192259 - 2012 - Observed source parameters for dynamic rupture with non-uniform initial stressand relatively high fracture energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T11:02:19","indexId":"70192259","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed source parameters for dynamic rupture with non-uniform initial stressand relatively high fracture energy","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">We have conducted dynamic rupture propagation experiments to establish the relations between in-source stress drop, fracture energy and the resulting particle velocity during slip of an unconfined 2&nbsp;m long laboratory fault at normal stresses between 4 and 8&nbsp;MPa. To produce high fracture energy in the source we use a rough fault that has a large slip weakening distance. An artifact of the high fracture energy is that the nucleation zone is large such that precursory slip reduces fault strength over a large fraction of the total fault length prior to dynamic rupture, making the initial stress non-uniform. Shear stress, particle velocity, fault slip and acceleration were recorded coseismically at multiple locations along strike and at small fault-normal distances. Stress drop increases weakly with normal stress. Average slip rate depends linearly on the fault strength loss and on static stress drop, both with a nonzero intercept. A minimum fracture energy of 1.8&nbsp;J/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and a linear slip weakening distance of 33&nbsp;μm are inferred from the intercept. The large slip weakening distance also affects the average slip rate which is reduced by in-source energy dissipation from on-fault fracture energy.</p><p id=\"abspara0015\">Because of the low normal stress and small per event slip (∼86&nbsp;μm), no thermal weakening such as melting or pore fluid pressurization occurs in these experiments. Despite the relatively high fracture energy, and the very low heat production, energy partitioning during these laboratory earthquakes is very similar to typical earthquake source properties. The product of fracture energy and fault area is larger than the radiated energy. Seismic efficiency is low at ∼2%. The ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop is ∼27%, consistent with measured overshoot. The fracture efficiency is ∼33%. The static and dynamic stress drops when extrapolated to crustal stresses are 2–7.3&nbsp;MPa and in the range of typical earthquake stress drops. As the relatively high fracture energy reduces the slip velocities in these experiments, the extrapolated average particle velocities for crustal stresses are 0.18–0.6&nbsp;m/s. That these experiments are consistent with typical earthquake source properties suggests, albeit indirectly, that thermal weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurization and melting which lead to near complete stress drops, dominate earthquake source properties only for exceptional events unless crustal stresses are low.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.013","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Kilgore, B.D., McGarr, A.F., Fletcher, J.P., Evans, J.R., and Baker, S.R., 2012, Observed source parameters for dynamic rupture with non-uniform initial stressand relatively high fracture energy: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 38, p. 77-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-033826","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05125e4b0220bbd9a1dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baker, Steven R.","contributorId":198083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70192489,"text":"70192489 - 2012 - Provisioning of nestling Dickcissels in native warm-season grass field buffers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:45:51","indexId":"70192489","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provisioning of nestling Dickcissels in native warm-season grass field buffers","docAbstract":"We used video cameras in 2008–2009 to record provisioning activities at Dickcissel (Spiza americana) nests in and around Conservation Reserve Program field buffers in north-central Mississippi, USA. We simultaneously observed foraging flight distances of parents. Provisioning rate (P  =  0.412), biomass (P  =  0.161), and foraging distance (P  =  0.159) did not increase with nestling age. Parents delivered larger items to meet demand associated with older nestlings (P  =  0.010–0.001). This suggests energetic costs of changes in prey selection were less than costs of increasing the number or distance of provisioning trips. Presence of male helpers increased provisioning rate (P < 0.001) but not biomass (P  =  0.992) because males brought smaller prey items (P  =  0.001–0.021). Presence of observers 30 m from the nest reduced provisioning rates (P  =  0.005) and biomass delivered (P  =  0.066). Lack of habitat effects for any aspect of provisioning suggests grass field buffers provided nestling food resources similar to surrounding habitats. Use of continuous video monitoring of nest activity allows well-concealed activities including provisioning and male helping to be directly observed and better quantified.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/11-152.1","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, K.L., Riffell, S.K., Burger, L., and Vilella, F., 2012, Provisioning of nestling Dickcissels in native warm-season grass field buffers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 124, no. 2, p. 298-309, https://doi.org/10.1676/11-152.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"309","ipdsId":"IP-032538","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","volume":"124","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053fe4b06e28e9c25520","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, K. L.","contributorId":62734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riffell, Samuel K.","contributorId":102386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riffell","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, L. Wes Jr.","contributorId":48481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"L. Wes","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192488,"text":"70192488 - 2012 - Sexual selection and mating chronology of Lesser Prairie-Chickens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:45:26","indexId":"70192488","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual selection and mating chronology of Lesser Prairie-Chickens","docAbstract":"Little is known about mate selection and lek dynamics of Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). We collected data on male territory size and location on leks, behavior, and morphological characteristics and assessed the importance of these variables on male Lesser Prairie-Chicken mating success during spring 2008 and 2009 in the Texas Southern High Plains. We used discrete choice models and found that males that were less idle were chosen more often for mating. Our results also suggest that males with smaller territories obtained more copulations. Morphological characteristics were weaker predictors of male mating success. Peak female attendance at leks occurred during the 1-week interval starting 13 April during both years of study. Male prairie-chickens appear to make exploratory movements to, and from, leks early in the lekking season; 13 of 19 males banded early (23 Feb–13 Mar) in the lekking season departed the lek of capture and were not reobserved (11 yearlings, 2 adults). Thirty-three percent (range  =  26–51%) of males on a lek mated (yearlings  =  44%, adults  =  20%) and males that were more active experienced greater mating success.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/11-079.1","usgsCitation":"Behney, A.C., Grisham, B.A., Boal, C.W., Whitlaw, H.A., and Haukos, D.A., 2012, Sexual selection and mating chronology of Lesser Prairie-Chickens: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 124, no. 1, p. 96-105, https://doi.org/10.1676/11-079.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-026272","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053fe4b06e28e9c25522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behney, Adam C.","contributorId":171686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behney","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlaw, Heather A.","contributorId":13026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlaw","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042000,"text":"70042000 - 2012 - Subsidy or subtraction: how do terrestrial inputs influence consumer production in lakes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T12:15:11","indexId":"70042000","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1698,"text":"Freshwater Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidy or subtraction: how do terrestrial inputs influence consumer production in lakes?","docAbstract":"Cross-ecosystem fluxes are ubiquitous in food webs and are generally thought of as subsidies to consumer populations. Yet external or allochthonous inputs may in fact have complex and habitat-specific effects on recipient ecosystems. In lakes, terrestrial inputs of organic carbon contribute to basal resource availability, but can also reduce resource availability via shading effects on phytoplankton and periphyton. Terrestrial inputs might therefore either subsidise or subtract from consumer production. We developed and parameterised a simple model to explore this idea. The model estimates basal resource supply and consumer production given lake-level characteristics including total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and consumer-level characteristics including resource preferences and growth efficiencies. Terrestrial inputs diminished primary production and total basal resource supply at the whole-lake level, except in ultra-oligotrophic systems. However, this system-level generalisation masked complex habitat-specific effects. In the pelagic zone, dissolved and particulate terrestrial carbon inputs were available to zooplankton via several food web pathways. Consequently, zooplankton production usually increased with terrestrial inputs, even as total whole-lake resource availability decreased. In contrast, in the benthic zone the dominant, dissolved portion of the terrestrial carbon load had predominantly negative effects on resource availability via shading of periphyton. Consequently, terrestrial inputs always decreased zoobenthic production except under extreme and unrealistic parameterisations of the model. Appreciating the complex and habitat-specific effects of allochthonous inputs may be essential for resolving the effects of cross-habitat fluxes on consumers in lakes and other food webs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Freshwater Biological Association","publisherLocation":"Cumbria, U.K.","doi":"10.1608/FRJ-5.1.475","usgsCitation":"Jones, S., Solomon, C.T., and Weidel, B., 2012, Subsidy or subtraction: how do terrestrial inputs influence consumer production in lakes?: Freshwater Reviews, v. 5, no. 1, p. 37-49, https://doi.org/10.1608/FRJ-5.1.475.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-028158","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264962,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1608/FRJ-5.1.475"},{"id":264965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4df8ce4b0e8fec6ce494d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Stuart E.","contributorId":22222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Stuart E.","affiliations":[{"id":6966,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, Christopher T.","contributorId":34014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042232,"text":"70042232 - 2012 - Repeat surveys of spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) in western Lake Superior: Timing, distribution and composition of spawning stocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T11:47:59.376547","indexId":"70042232","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Repeat surveys of spawning cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) in western Lake Superior: Timing, distribution and composition of spawning stocks","title":"Repeat surveys of spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) in western Lake Superior: Timing, distribution and composition of spawning stocks","docAbstract":"Acoustic (AC) and midwater trawl (MT) surveys of spawning cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) in Lake Superior have been combined with commercial yield to estimate exploitation. To time surveys properly, it is important to understand when adults typically arrive at spawning grounds and how numbers change as the spawning season progresses. We conducted repeat autumn surveys during nighttime hours at coastal sites where commercial roe fisheries occur. Spawner densities increased significantly from October to mid-November, but differences measured at sites sampled from mid- to late-November were comparatively small. Spawners occupied the upper 20–30 m of the water column during mid-November before utilizing a wider range of depths by late-November. We compared repeat AC densities to temporal trends of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in suspended commercial gillnets and found good agreement within sites. Because different gillnet mesh sizes were used in each roe fishery. CPUE and AC density were poorly correlated among sites. We recommend that future surveys be conducted between mid- and late-November, and that MT gear be used to measure cisco densities in the uppermost 10 m of the water column where AC estimates may be conservative. Given the short temporal window for assessing spawner density, we believe both AC-MT and gillnet surveys will be needed to ensure that harvest of different stocks is kept at a sustainable level.","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","doi":"10.1127/advlim/63/2012/65","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Schreiner, D.R., Addison, P.A., Seider, M.J., Evrard, L.M., Geving, S.A., and Quinlan, H., 2012, Repeat surveys of spawning cisco (Coregonus artedi) in western Lake Superior: Timing, distribution and composition of spawning stocks: Advances in Limnology, v. 63, p. 65-87, https://doi.org/10.1127/advlim/63/2012/65.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-008339","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,46.41 ], [ -92.11,48.88 ], [ -84.35,48.88 ], [ -84.35,46.41 ], [ -92.11,46.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a8dee4b0e8fec6cdc83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiner, Donald R.","contributorId":108051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addison, Peter A.","contributorId":105987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seider, Michael J.","contributorId":19452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seider","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geving, Steven A.","contributorId":38040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geving","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quinlan, Henry R.","contributorId":93447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinlan","given":"Henry R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042191,"text":"70042191 - 2012 - <i>Mysis diluviana</i> and <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>: reviewing the roles of a native and invasive mysid in the Laurentian Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T15:17:00","indexId":"70042191","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Mysis diluviana</i> and <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>: reviewing the roles of a native and invasive mysid in the Laurentian Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"<i>Mysis diluviana</i> and <i>Hemimysis anomala</i> are the only two species of mysid shrimps in the order Mysidacea that are present in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. <i>M. diluviana</i> has inhabited the deep, cold waters of this region since Pleistocene-era glacial retreat and is widely considered to have a central role in the functioning of offshore food webs in systems they inhabit. More recently, the Great Lakes were invaded by the Ponto-Caspian native <i>Hemimysis</i>, a species that inhabits warmer water and shallower depths relative to <i>M. diluviana</i>. <i>Hemimysis</i> has rapidly expanded throughout the Great Lakes region and has become integrated into nearshore food webs as both food for planktivorous fish and predators and competitors of zooplankton. This special issue is composed of 14 papers that represent the most recent advances in our understanding of the ecological importance of both species of mysids to lake and river ecosystems in the Great Lakes region of North America. Topics discussed in this special issue will inform future research in all systems influenced by mysid ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2012.03.003","usgsCitation":"Walsh, M.G., Boscarino, B.T., Marty, J., and Johannsson, O.E., 2012, <i>Mysis diluviana</i> and <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>: reviewing the roles of a native and invasive mysid in the Laurentian Great Lakes region: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. Supplement 2, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.03.003.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-035532","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264993,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.03.003"},{"id":264994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie;Lake Huron;Lake Michigan;Lake Ontario;Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.12,41.4 ], [ -92.12,49.0 ], [ -76.0,49.0 ], [ -76.0,41.4 ], [ -92.12,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"Supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfd0e4b0a4aa5bb0ae40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Maureen G.","contributorId":92506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boscarino, Brent T.","contributorId":104361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boscarino","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marty, Jerome","contributorId":24661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marty","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041972,"text":"70041972 - 2012 - Sources of shaking and flooding during the Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a mixture of rupture styles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T15:45:07","indexId":"70041972","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of shaking and flooding during the Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a mixture of rupture styles","docAbstract":"Modeling strong ground motions from great subduction zone earthquakes is one of the great challenges of computational seismology. To separate the rupture characteristics from complexities caused by 3D sub-surface geology requires an extraordinary data set such as provided by the recent Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Here we combine deterministic inversion and dynamically guided forward simulation methods to model over one thousand high-rate GPS and strong motion observations from 0 to 0.25 Hz across the entire Honshu Island. Our results display distinct styles of rupture with a deeper generic interplate event (~Mw8.5) transitioning to a shallow tsunamigenic earthquake (~Mw9.0) at about 25 km depth in a process driven by a strong dynamic weakening mechanism, possibly thermal pressurization. This source model predicts many important features of the broad set of seismic, geodetic and seafloor observations providing a major advance in our understanding of such great natural hazards.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.006","usgsCitation":"Wei, S., Graves, R., Helmberger, D., Avouac, J., and Jiang, J., 2012, Sources of shaking and flooding during the Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a mixture of rupture styles: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 333-334, p. 91-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.006.","startPage":"91","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-036931","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120827-114719257","text":"External Repository"},{"id":264979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.006"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 122.7,20.2 ], [ 122.7,45.7 ], [ 154.2,45.7 ], [ 154.2,20.2 ], [ 122.7,20.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"333-334","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4ccd1e4b0e8fec6ce1f73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, Robert","contributorId":78406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helmberger, Don","contributorId":75410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmberger","given":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avouac, Jean-Philippe","contributorId":98195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avouac","given":"Jean-Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jiang, Junle","contributorId":88632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Junle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042265,"text":"70042265 - 2012 - A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T11:28:26","indexId":"70042265","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties","docAbstract":"1. Stewardship of biological and ecological resources requires the ability to make integrative assessments of ecological integrity. One of the emerging methods for making such integrative assessments is multimetric indices (MMIs). These indices synthesize data, often from multiple levels of biological organization, with the goal of deriving a single index that reflects the overall effects of human disturbance. Despite the widespread use of MMIs, there is uncertainty about why this approach can be effective. An understanding of MMIs requires a quantitative theory that illustrates how the properties of candidate metrics relates to MMIs generated from those metrics. \n2. We present the initial basis for such a theory by deriving the general mathematical characteristics of MMIs assembled from metrics. We then use the theory to derive quantitative answers to the following questions: Is there an optimal number of metrics to comprise an index? How does covariance among metrics affect the performance of the index derived from those metrics? And what are the criteria to decide whether a given metric will improve the performance of an index? \n3. We find that the optimal number of metrics to be included in an index depends on the theoretical distribution of signal of the disturbance gradient contained in each metric. For example, if the rank-ordered parameters of a metric-disturbance regression can be described by a monotonically decreasing function, then an optimum number of metrics exists and can often be derived analytically. We derive the conditions by which adding a given metric can be expected to improve an index. \n4. We find that the criterion defining such conditions depends nonlinearly of the signal of the disturbance gradient, the noise (error) of the metric and the correlation of the metric errors. Importantly, we find that correlation among metric errors increases the signal required for the metric to improve the index. \n5. The theoretical framework presented in this study provides the basis for understanding the properties of MMIs. It can also be useful throughout the index construction process. Specifically, it can be used to aid understanding of the benefits and limitations of combining metrics into indices; it can inform selection/collection of candidate metrics; and it can be used directly as a decision aid in effective index construction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x","usgsCitation":"Schoolmaster, D.R., Grace, J.B., and Schweiger, E.W., 2012, A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 4, p. 773-781, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"781","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-032416","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00200.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264942,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfd2e4b0a4aa5bb0ae47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald R. Jr. 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":4746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweiger, E. William","contributorId":53635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweiger","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032566,"text":"70032566 - 2012 - Application of the control volume mixed finite element method to a triangular discretization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T12:51:56.155203","indexId":"70032566","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2022,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the control volume mixed finite element method to a triangular discretization","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A two‐dimensional control volume mixed finite element method is applied to the elliptic equation. Discretization of the computational domain is based in triangular elements. Shape functions and test functions are formulated on the basis of an equilateral reference triangle with unit edges. A pressure support based on the linear interpolation of elemental edge pressures is used in this formulation. Comparisons are made between results from the standard mixed finite element method and this control volume mixed finite element method. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nme.3265","issn":"00295981","usgsCitation":"Naff, R.L., 2012, Application of the control volume mixed finite element method to a triangular discretization: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, v. 89, no. 7, p. 846-868, https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.3265.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"846","endPage":"868","ipdsId":"IP-025818","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecb7e4b0c8380cd49444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naff, Richard L.","contributorId":79867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naff","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192274,"text":"70192274 - 2012 - Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T16:56:09.928533","indexId":"70192274","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp010\">The Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site in southeastern Pennsylvania, which features an Fe smelter that was operational in the 18th and 19th centuries, is dominated by three slag piles. Pile 1 slag, from the Hopewell Furnace, and pile 2 slag, likely from the nearby Cornwall Furnace, were both produced in cold-blast charcoal-fired smelters. In contrast, pile 3 slag was produced in an anthracite furnace. Ore samples from the nearby Jones and Hopewell mines that fed the smelter are mainly magnetite-rich with some sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite) and accessory silicates (quartz, garnet, feldspar, and clay minerals). Slag piles 1 and 2 are similar mineralogically containing predominantly skeletal and dendritic aluminian diopside and augite, skeletal forsteritic olivine, glass, rounded blebs of metallic Fe, and exotic quartz. Olivine is a major phase in all samples from pile 2, whereas it occurs in only a few samples from pile 1. Samples of the &lt;2&nbsp;mm-size fraction of surface composite slag material or crushed slag from at depth in piles 1 and 2 are mineralogically similar to the large surface slag fragments from those piles with the addition of phases such as feldspars, Fe oxides, and clay minerals that are either secondary weathering products or entrained from the underlying bedrock. Pile 3 slag contains mostly skeletal forsteritic olivine and Ti-bearing aluminian diopside, dendritic or fine-grained subhedral melilite, glass, euhedral spinel, metallic Fe, alabandite–oldhamite solid solution, as well as a sparse Ti carbonitride phase. The bulk chemistry of the slag is dominated by Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(8.5–16.2&nbsp;wt.%), CaO (8.2–26.2&nbsp;wt.%), MgO (4.2–24.7&nbsp;wt.%), and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(36.4–59.8&nbsp;wt.%), constituting between 81% and 97% of the mass of the samples. Piles 1 and 2 are chemically similar; pile 1 slag overall contains the highest Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O and MnO, and the lowest MgO concentrations. Pile 3 slag is high in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO and S, and low in Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>compared to the other piles. In general, piles 1 and 2 are chemically similar to each other, whereas pile 3 is distinct – a conclusion that reflects their mineralogy. The similarities and differences among piles in terms of mineralogy and major element chemistry result from the different smelting conditions under which the slag formed and include the fuel source, the composition of the ore and flux, the type of blast (cold versus hot), which affects the furnace temperature, and other beneficiation methods.</p><p id=\"sp015\">The three distinct slag piles at Hopewell are enriched in numerous trace elements, such as As (up to 12&nbsp;mg/kg), Cd (up to 0.4&nbsp;mg/kg), Co (up to 31.8&nbsp;mg/kg), Cu (up to 647&nbsp;mg/kg), Mn (up to 0.69&nbsp;wt.%), Pb (up to 172&nbsp;mg/kg) and Zn (up to 393&nbsp;mg/kg), together with Fe (13.9&nbsp;wt.%), when compared to the average for the continental crust, with the &lt;2&nbsp;mm-size fraction commonly containing the highest concentrations. Enrichments in various elements (e.g., Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) were also found in the ore samples. Despite these enrichments, comparison of bulk chemistry trace-element concentrations to the environmental guidelines suggests most elements are likely not problematic with the exception of As, Co, Fe and Mn. Leachate tests that simulate weathering indicate Fe (up to 973&nbsp;μg/L) and Mn (up to 133&nbsp;μg/L) are readily released in potentially harmful concentrations compared to secondary drinking water and some aquatic ecosystem toxicity criteria. Aluminum and Cu, although not high in the solid compared to environmental guidelines, also exceed relevant criteria in leachate extracts with maximum concentrations of 2700&nbsp;μg/L and 17.7&nbsp;μg/L, respectively. In contrast, As and Co, which are significant in the solids, are not leached in concentrations that exceed guidelines (i.e., 3&nbsp;μg/L or less for both elements). The weathering rates of the Fe metal and Fe oxides, which host Cu and some Fe, are likely higher than the silicate glass, which hosts the majority of Al, Mn and some Fe, and the crystalline silicates and spinels affecting which elements and how much are released into the environment and surrounding aquatic ecosystem. The mineral assemblages and their chemical composition, the bulk sample chemistry, and leachability of trace elements are all important components in understanding the potential environmental impacts of the slag piles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.011","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N.M., and Seal, R.R., 2012, Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 623-643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.011.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"643","ipdsId":"IP-030685","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.025634765625,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.025634765625,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160584,"text":"70160584 - 2012 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T11:09:51","indexId":"70160584","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5651,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12-m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The resulting data on relative abundance, size and age structure, and condition of individual fishes are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2012. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5-m and 114-m depth contours of the lake (herein, lake-wide) for prey fish populations, as well as burbot, yellow perch, and the introduced dreissenid mussels. Lake-wide biomass of alewives in 2012 was estimated at 9 kilotonnes (kt, 1 kt = 1000 metric tonnes), which continues the trend of unusually low alewife biomass since 2004 but represented a 20% increase from the 2011 estimate. The age distribution of alewives larger than 100 mm was dominated (i.e., 84%) by age-2. Record low biomass was observed for several species, including bloater (0.4 kt), rainbow smelt (0.1 kt), deepwater sculpin (1.5 kt), and ninespine stickleback (0.01 kt). Slimy sculpin lake-wide biomass was 0.73 kt in 2012, which was the third consecutive year revealing a decline. Estimated biomass of round goby increased by 79% to 3 kt. Burbot lake-wide biomass (0.5 kt in 2012) has remained below 3 kt since 2001. Numeric density of age-0 yellow perch (i.e., < 100 mm) was only 2 fish per ha, which is indicative of a relatively poor year-class. Lake-wide biomass estimates of dreissenid mussels have continued to increase from 2010, from 12 to 95 kt in 2012. Overall, the total lake-wide prey fish biomass estimate (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2012 was 15 kt, which represented the lowest total biomass of the time series.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Desorcie, T.J., Kostich, M.J., Smith, K., and Adams, J.V., 2012, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2012: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Committee Meeting Report, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-044376","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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,{"id":70160585,"text":"70160585 - 2012 - Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:05:04","indexId":"70160585","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2012","docAbstract":"Acoustic surveys were conducted in late summer/early fall during the years 1992-1996 and 2001-2012 to estimate pelagic prey fish biomass in Lake Michigan. Midwater trawling during the surveys as well as target strength provided a measure of species and size composition of the fish community for use in scaling acoustic data and providing species-specific abundance estimates. The 2012 survey consisted of 26 acoustic transects (576 km total) and 31 midwater tows. Mean total prey fish biomass was 6.4 kg/ha (relative standard error, RSE = 15%) or 31 kilotonnes (kt = 1,000 metric tons), which was 1.5 times the estimate for 2011 and 22% of the long-term mean. The increase from 2011 resulted from increased biomass of age-0 alewife, age-1 or older alewife, and large bloater. The abundance of the 2012 alewife year class was similar to the average, and this year-class contributed 35% of total alewife biomass (4.9 kg/ha, RSE = 17%), while the 2010 alewife year-class contributed 58%. The 2010 year class made up 89% of age-1 or older alewife biomass. In 2012, alewife comprised 77% of total prey fish biomass, while rainbow smelt and bloater were 4 and 19% of total biomass, respectively. Rainbow smelt biomass in 2012 (0.25 kg/ha, RSE = 17%) was 40% of the rainbow smelt biomass in 2011 and 5% of the long term mean. Bloater biomass was much lower (1.2 kg/ha, RSE = 12%) than in the 1990s, and mean density of small bloater in 2012 (191 fish/ha, RSE = 24%) was lower than peak values observed in 2007-2009. In 2012, pelagic prey fish biomass in Lake Michigan was similar to Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Prey fish biomass remained well below the Fish Community Objectives target of 500-800 kt, and key native species remain absent or rare.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Warner, D.M., O’Brien, T.P., Farha, S., Claramunt, R., and Hanson, D., 2012, Status of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Michigan, 2012, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-044481","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312800,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/products/reports/467052780"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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0000-0001-9953-6996 sfarha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-6996","contributorId":5170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steve A.","email":"sfarha@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, Dale","contributorId":43676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70160586,"text":"70160586 - 2012 - Status and trends of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Huron, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T11:45:56","indexId":"70160586","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Status and trends of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Huron, 2012","docAbstract":"The USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) conducted acoustic/midwater trawl surveys of Lake Huron during 1997 and annually during 2004-2012. The 2012 survey was conducted during September and October, and included transects in Lake Huron’s Main Basin, Georgian Bay, and North Channel. Pelagic fish density (638 fish/ha) was lower in 2012 compared to 2011, with density in 2012 only 34% of 2011. Total biomass in 2012 was 74% of the 2011 value. Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus remained nearly absent, and only one cisco Coregonus artedi was captured. Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax density was only 31% of the 2011 density. Bloater Coregonus hoyi density was less than half the 2011 density, mostly as a result of lower density of small bloater. Density and biomass of large bloater in 2012 were similar to 2011 levels. During 2012 we observed significantly higher fish biomass in North Channel than in the Main Basin or Georgian Bay. Prey availability during 2013 will likely be similar to 2012. Lake Huron now has pelagic fish biomass similar to that observed in recent lakewide acoustic surveys of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, but species composition differs in the three lakes. There is an increasing diversity and prevalence of native species gradient from Lake Michigan to Lake Superior, with Lake Huron being intermediate in the prevalence of native fish species like coregonines and emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Warner, D.M., O’Brien, T.P., Farha, S., Schaeffer, J., and Lenart, S., 2012, Status and trends of pelagic prey fishes in Lake Huron, 2012, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-044664","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312801,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70189078,"text":"70189078 - 2012 - Arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and distribution in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T17:49:12","indexId":"70189078","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2732,"text":"Microchemical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and distribution in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arsenic (As) is a well documented human carcinogen. However, its mechanisms of toxic action and carcinogenic potential in animals have not been conclusive. In this research, we investigated the biochemical and genotoxic effects of As and studied its distribution in selected tissues of Sprague–Dawley rats. Four groups of six male rats, each weighing approximately 60</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>g, were injected intraperitoneally, once a day for 5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>days with doses of 5, 10, 15, 20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/kg BW of arsenic trioxide. A control group was also made of 6 animals injected with distilled water. Following anaesthetization, blood was collected and enzyme analysis was performed by spectrophotometry following standard protocols. At the end of experimentation, the animals were sacrificed, and the lung, liver, brain and kidney were collected 24</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h after the fifth day treatment. Chromosome and micronuclei preparation was obtained from bone marrow cells. Arsenic exposure significantly increased (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.05) the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase–glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT/GPT), and aspartate aminotransferase–glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST/GOT), as well as the number of structural chromosomal aberrations (SCA) and frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the bone marrow cells. In contrast, the mitotic index in these cells was significantly reduced (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.05). These findings indicate that aminotransferases are candidate biomarkers for arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results also demonstrate that As has a strong genotoxic potential, as measured by the bone marrow SCA and MN tests in Sprague–Dawley rats. Total arsenic concentrations in tissues were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with hydrogen gas was used to eliminate the ArCl interference at mass 75, in the measurement of total As. Total As doses in tissues tended to correlate with specific exposure levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.013","usgsCitation":"Patlolla, A.K., Todorov, T.I., Tchounwou, P.B., van der Voet, G., and Centeno, J.A., 2012, Arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and distribution in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats: Microchemical Journal, v. 105, p. 101-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.013.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-038074","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3500913","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c5e4b0d1f9f05067d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patlolla, Anita K.","contributorId":194031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patlolla","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todorov, Todor I. ttodorov@usgs.gov","contributorId":1605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"Todor","email":"ttodorov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":702787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tchounwou, Paul B.","contributorId":194032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tchounwou","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van der Voet, Gijsbert","contributorId":194033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Voet","given":"Gijsbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Centeno, Jose A.","contributorId":107724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189081,"text":"70189081 - 2012 - Environmental and medical geochemistry in urban disaster response and preparedness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T17:19:25","indexId":"70189081","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental and medical geochemistry in urban disaster response and preparedness","docAbstract":"<p>History abounds with accounts of cities that were destroyed or significantly damaged by natural or anthropogenic disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, wildland–urban wildfires, hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, urban firestorms, terrorist attacks, and armed conflicts. Burgeoning megacities place ever more people in the way of harm from future disasters. In addition to the physical damage, casualties, and injuries they cause, sudden urban disasters can also release into the environment large volumes of potentially hazardous materials. Environmental and medical geochemistry investigations help us to (1) understand the sources and environmental behavior of disaster materials, (2) assess potential threats the materials pose to the urban environment and health of urban populations, (3) develop strategies for their cleanup/disposal, and (4) anticipate and mitigate potential environmental and health effects from future urban disasters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gselements.8.6.451","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Morman, S.A., and Cook, A., 2012, Environmental and medical geochemistry in urban disaster response and preparedness: Elements, v. 8, no. 6, p. 451-457, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.6.451.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"457","ipdsId":"IP-038682","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c4e4b0d1f9f05067d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, A.","contributorId":88174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189076,"text":"70189076 - 2012 - Pyrite–sulfosalt reactions and semimetal fractionation in the Chinkuashih, Taiwan, copper–gold deposit: A 1 Ma paleo-fumarole","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T07:34:49","indexId":"70189076","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyrite–sulfosalt reactions and semimetal fractionation in the Chinkuashih, Taiwan, copper–gold deposit: A 1 Ma paleo-fumarole","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mineralized fracture system that underlay paleo-fumarole field at Chinkuashih, Taiwan has been exposed by copper–gold mining to depths of about 550&nbsp;m below the paleo-surface. Its mineralogy and systematic variations in metal and semimetal (Fe, Cu, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, Cd, Sn, Zn, Pb, Se, Te, Au, Ag) concentrations provide insights into the chemical responses of a magmatic-vapor phase as it expands through fracture arrays to the surface and discharges as fumaroles associated with more extensive solfatara. At Chinkuashih, following initial sealing of the fractures by silica-alunite alteration, brittle failure reestablished discharge from an underlying reservoir of magmatic vapor. Crystalline pyrite was deposited first in the fractures and was succeeded and replaced by ‘enargite’ (Cu</span><sub>3</sub><span>(As,Sb)S</span><sub>4</sub><span>) as sulfosalt encrustations (‘sublimate’) on fracture surfaces and in extensional cracks. Subsequent recrystallization resulted in complex exsolution intergrowths with antimony fractionation to the evolving crystal–vapor interface. Heavy metal fractionation between sulfosalt and vapor enriched the vapor phase in heavy metals that subsequently precipitated as complex Bi–Hg–Sn sulfosalts in discrete areas (paleo-fumaroles) close to the paleo-surface in a manner analogous to modern-day fumaroles on active volcanoes such as Vulcano, Italy. As in similar paleo-fumaroles (e.g., El Indio, Chile and Lepanto, Philippines), the most characteristic reaction sequence is the partial replacement of the early pyrite by enargite and Fe-tennantite. It is proposed that this reaction tracks the decrease in the pressure of the underlying magmatic-vapor reservoir because of the sustained discharge of vapor to the surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2012.00367.x","usgsCitation":"Henley, R., and Berger, B.R., 2012, Pyrite–sulfosalt reactions and semimetal fractionation in the Chinkuashih, Taiwan, copper–gold deposit: A 1 Ma paleo-fumarole: Geofluids, v. 12, no. 3, p. 245-260, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2012.00367.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-037251","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              120.904541015625,\n              21.87169463514272\n            ],\n            [\n              121.058349609375,\n              22.63429269379353\n            ],\n            [\n              121.26708984374999,\n              22.755920681486405\n            ],\n            [\n              121.56372070312499,\n              23.41284706430993\n            ],\n            [\n              121.871337890625,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              122.00317382812499,\n              24.70691524106633\n            ],\n            [\n              121.915283203125,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              122.23388671874999,\n              25.145284610685064\n            ],\n            [\n              121.805419921875,\n              25.284437746983055\n            ],\n            [\n              121.57470703125,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              121.36596679687499,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              121.13525390625,\n              25.284437746983055\n            ],\n            [\n              120.673828125,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              120.30029296875,\n              24.246964554300924\n            ],\n            [\n              120.02563476562501,\n              23.52370005882413\n            ],\n            [\n              119.84985351562499,\n              22.806567100271522\n            ],\n            [\n              120.201416015625,\n              22.553147478403194\n            ],\n            [\n              120.41015624999999,\n              22.339914425562032\n            ],\n            [\n              120.55297851562499,\n              22.055096050575845\n            ],\n            [\n              120.728759765625,\n              21.841104749065032\n            ],\n            [\n              120.904541015625,\n              21.87169463514272\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c6e4b0d1f9f05067da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henley, R.W.","contributorId":52810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189363,"text":"70189363 - 2012 - Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to infer channel bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:17:30","indexId":"70189363","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to infer channel bathymetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of an ongoing investigation into the use of computational river flow and morphodynamic models for the purpose of correcting and extending remotely sensed river datasets, a simple method for inferring channel bathymetry is developed and discussed. The method is based on an inversion of the equations expressing conservation of mass and momentum to develop equations that can be solved for depth given known values of vertically-averaged velocity and water-surface elevation. The ultimate goal of this work is to combine imperfect remotely sensed data on river planform, water-surface elevation and water-surface velocity in order to estimate depth and other physical parameters of river channels. In this paper, the technique is examined using synthetic data sets that are developed directly from the application of forward two-and three-dimensional flow models. These data sets are constrained to satisfy conservation of mass and momentum, unlike typical remotely sensed field data sets. This provides a better understanding of the process and also allows assessment of how simple inaccuracies in remotely sensed estimates might propagate into depth estimates. The technique is applied to three simple cases: First, depth is extracted from a synthetic dataset of vertically averaged velocity and water-surface elevation; second, depth is extracted from the same data set but with a normally-distributed random error added to the water-surface elevation; third, depth is extracted from a synthetic data set for the same river reach using computed water-surface velocities (in place of depth-integrated values) and water-surface elevations. In each case, the extracted depths are compared to the actual measured depths used to construct the synthetic data sets (with two- and three-dimensional flow models). Errors in water-surface elevation and velocity that are very small degrade depth estimates and cannot be recovered. Errors in depth estimates associated with assuming water-surface velocities equal to depth-integrated velocities are substantial, but can be reduced with simple corrections.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"IAHR Riverflow 2012 Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"IAHR Riverflow 2012 Conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., McDonald, R.R., Kinzel, P.J., and Shimizu, Y., 2012, Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to infer channel bathymetry, <i>in</i> IAHR Riverflow 2012 Conference Proceedings, p. 761-768.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"768","ipdsId":"IP-036984","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b13250-115"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965babce4b0d1f9f05b38d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Y.","contributorId":88177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70193381,"text":"70193381 - 2012 - Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T13:26:33","indexId":"70193381","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","docAbstract":"<p>Contractions in the geographic distributions of the American marten ( Martes americana) and fi sher ( M. pennanti) in eastern North America south of the St. Lawrence River between Colonial times (ca. 1650–1800) and the fi sher’s recent range expansion (ca. 1930–present) are well documented, but causal factors in these range contractions have only partially been studied. Traditional explanations for range contractions by both species are forest clearing and unregulated trapping; little consideration has been given to alternative explanations. It has been hypothesized that deep snow limits the distribution of fi shers, and that high fi sher populations limit the distribution of martens. I assessed the potential contributions of these factors to observed range contractions for these species by evaluating expected patterns of change in their historical distributions since Colonial times. Using published data on the distribution of martens and fi shers in eastern North America, including early and contemporary fur-harvest records ( n = 60,702), I found that broad-scale changes in their geographic distributions in eastern North America were consistent with 3 of those expectations, and partially so with a 4th. I recognize that retrospective analyses cannot establish the relative importance of land clearing, unregulated trapping, and changing climatic conditions on observed range contractions; nevertheless, when historical data from eastern North America are viewed in the context of long-term climate warming and the results of recent ecological studies, they suggest that traditional arguments may only partially explain historical range contractions for both species. This study further suggests that under a warming climate, northern range boundaries for the fi sher will expand, and southern range boundaries for the American marten will continue to contract. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell University Press","isbn":"978-0-8014-5088-4","usgsCitation":"Krohn, W.B., 2012, Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020008","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100360310"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.458984375,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.458984375,\n              52.696361078274485\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              52.696361078274485\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053ee4b06e28e9c2551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohn, William B.","contributorId":28225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040182,"text":"70040182 - 2012 - Loss and modification of habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:01:04.013581","indexId":"70040182","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Loss and modification of habitat","docAbstract":"Amphibians live in a wide variety of habitats around the world, many of which have been modified or destroyed by human activities. Most species have unique life history characteristics adapted to specific climates, habitats (e.g., lentic, lotic, terrestrial, arboreal, fossorial, amphibious), and local conditions that provide suitable areas for reproduction, development and growth, shelter from environmental extremes, and predation, as well as connectivity to other populations or habitats. Although some species are entirely aquatic or terrestrial, most amphibians, as their name implies, lead a dual life and require a mosaic of habitats in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. With over 6 billion people on Earth, most species are now persisting in habitats that have been directly or indirectly influenced by human activities. Some species have disappeared where their habitats have been completely destroyed, reduced, or rendered unsuitable. Habitat loss and degradation are widely considered by most researchers as the most important causes of amphibian population decline globally (Barinaga 1990; Wake and Morowitz 1991; Alford and Richards 1999). In this chapter, a background on the diverse habitat requirements of amphibians is provided, followed by a discussion of the effects of urbanization, agriculture, livestock grazing, timber production and harvesting, fire and hazardous fuel management, and roads on amphibians and their habitats. Also briefly discussed is the influence on amphibian habitats of natural disturbances, such as extreme weather events and climate change, given the potential for human activities to impact climate in the longer term. For amphibians in general, microhabitats are of greater importance than for other vertebrates. As ectotherms with a skin that is permeable to water and with naked gelatinous eggs, amphibians are physiologically constrained to be active during environmental conditions that provide appropriate body temperatures and adequate water balance (Thorson and Svihla 1943; Brattstrom 1963; Tracy 1976). Hence, individuals require and seek specific microhabitats that maintain their preferred body temperature while at the same time reducing water loss or allowing individuals to re-hydrate. Amphibians also possess relatively few physical attributes that protect them from predators. Although they may avoid predators behaviourally or deter them by skin toxins, amphibians lack defensive shells or hardened cuticles, do not have protective teeth or claws, and most are insufficiently fast to escape predators. Hence, they are relatively dependent on sites that conceal or protect them from predation. Most amphibians also differ significantly from other vertebrates in possessing a complex two-phase life cycle: the pre-metamorphic larval (tadpole) stage and the post-metamorphic juvenile and adult stage (Wilbur 1980, 1984). Most amphibian species have two distinct econes (Heatwole 1989), each with different habitat requirements, the larvae being aquatic and the post-metamorphic animals more terrestrial. The habitats required by the two phases can differ greatly, but both are essential to the survival of a species. However, amphibian diversity is great and exceptions to this general pattern exist. For example, some species have direct development without going through a larval stage and are fully terrestrial, whereas the larvae of other species can reach sexual maturity without going through metamorphosis (i.e., neoteny) and are fully aquatic.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation and decline of amphibians: Ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Surrey Beatty & Sons","usgsCitation":"Lemckert, F., Hecnar, S., and Pilliod, D., 2012, Loss and modification of habitat, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Conservation and decline of amphibians: Ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management, v. 10, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","ipdsId":"IP-040483","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053fe4b06e28e9c2552c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemckert, Francis","contributorId":147197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemckert","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecnar, Stephen","contributorId":147198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecnar","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":147050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040200,"text":"70040200 - 2012 - Ecological impacts of non-native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:02:22.474833","indexId":"70040200","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Ecological impacts of non-native species","docAbstract":"Non-native species are considered one of the greatest threats to freshwater biodiversity worldwide (Drake et al. 1989; Allen and Flecker 1993; Dudgeon et al. 2005). Some of the first hypotheses proposed to explain global patterns of amphibian declines included the effects of non-native species (Barinaga 1990; Blaustein and Wake 1990; Wake and Morowitz 1991). Evidence for the impact of non-native species on amphibians stems (1) from correlative research that relates the distribution or abundance of a species to that of a putative non-native species, and (2) from experimental tests of the effects of a non-native species on survival, growth, development or behaviour of a target species (Kats and Ferrer 2003). Over the past two decades, research on the effects of non-native species on amphibians has mostly focused on introduced aquatic predators, particularly fish. Recent research has shifted to more complex ecological relationships such as influences of sub-lethal stressors (e.g. contaminants) on the effects of non-native species (Linder et al. 2003; Sih et al. 2004), non-native species as vectors of disease (Daszak et al. 2004; Garner et al. 2006), hybridization between non-natives and native congeners (Riley et al. 2003; Storfer et al. 2004), and the alteration of food-webs by non-native species (Nystrom et al. 2001). Other research has examined the interaction of non-native species in terms of facilitation (i.e. one non-native enabling another to become established or spread) or the synergistic effects of multiple non-native species on native amphibians, the so-called invasional meltdown hypothesis (Simerloff and Von Holle 1999). Although there is evidence that some non-native species may interact (Ricciardi 2001), there has yet to be convincing evidence that such interactions have led to an accelerated increase in the number of non-native species and cumulative impacts are still uncertain (Simberloff 2006). Applied research on the control, eradication, and management of non-native species has only just begun but some promising results have already emerged (see below), giving hope to a very difficult conservation issue. This chapter provides an overview of the role of non-native species in amphibian declines and summarizes the current state of knowledge of non-native species that are known, or considered to be, a threat to amphibian species and populations. The biological and socio-economic issues of non-native species control are examined and brief case studies of successful eradication programmes are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation and decline of amphibians: Ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Surrey Beatty and Sons","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Griffiths, R., and Kuzmin, S., 2012, Ecological impacts of non-native species, chap. 2 <i>of</i> Conservation and decline of amphibians: Ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management, v. 10, p. 3343-3382.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"3343","endPage":"3382","ipdsId":"IP-040482","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053fe4b06e28e9c2552a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Heatwole, Harold","contributorId":147199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heatwole","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724755,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkinson, John W.","contributorId":147014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724756,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":147050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffiths, R.A.","contributorId":24193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuzmin, S.L.","contributorId":98242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192249,"text":"70192249 - 2012 - Aftershocks halted by static stress shadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T11:58:39","indexId":"70192249","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks halted by static stress shadows","docAbstract":"<p>Earthquakes impart static and dynamic stress changes to the surrounding crust. Sudden fault slip causes small but permanent—static—stress changes, and passing seismic waves cause large, but brief and oscillatory—dynamic—stress changes. Because both static and dynamic stresses can trigger earthquakes within several rupture dimensions of a mainshock, it has proven difficult to disentangle their contributions to the triggering process<sup>1–3</sup>. However, only dynamic stress can trigger earthquakes far from the source<sup>4,5</sup>, and only static stress can create stress shadows, where the stress and thus the seismicity rate in the shadow area drops following an earthquake<sup>6–9</sup> . Here we calculate the stress imparted by the magnitude 6.1 Joshua Tree and nearby magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquakes that occurred in California in April and June 1992, respectively, and measure seismicity through time. We show that, where the aftershock zone of the first earthquake was subjected to a static stress increase from the second, the seismicity rate jumped. In contrast, where the aftershock zone of the first earthquake fell under the stress shadow of the second and static stress dropped, seismicity shut down. The arrest of seismicity implies that static stress is a requisite element of spatial clustering of large earthquakes and should be a constituent of hazard assessment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Publishers","doi":"10.1038/NGEO1465","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R.S., Beroza, G.C., and Marsan, D., 2012, Aftershocks halted by static stress shadows: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 410-413, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1465.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"413","ipdsId":"IP-031605","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116,\n              33.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              33.8\n            ],\n            [\n             -116.5,\n              34.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              34.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              33.8\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05125e4b0220bbd9a1dc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":23866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsan, David","contributorId":198073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsan","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}