During the past several years the Viking project developed plans to use Viking orbiter instruments and Earth-based radar to certify the suitability of the landing sites selected as the safest and most scientifically rewarding using Mariner 9 data. During June and July 1976, the Earth-based radar and orbital spacecraft observations of some of the prime and backup sites were completed. The results of these combined observations indicated that the Viking 1 prime landing area in the Chryse region of Mars is geologically varied and possibly more hazardous than expected, and was not certifiable as a site for the Viking 1 landing. Consequently, the site certification effort had to be drastically modified and lengthened to search for a site that might be safe enough to attempt to land. The selected site considered at 47.5°W, 22.4°N represented a compromise between desirable characteristics observed with visual images and those inferred from Earth-based radar. It lies in the Chryse region about 900 kilometers northwest of the original site. Viking 1 landed successfully at this site on 20 July 1976.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.193.4255.809","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Masursky, H., and Crabill, N., 1976, The Viking landing sites: Selection and certification: Science, v. 193, no. 4255, p. 809-812, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.193.4255.809.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"812","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"193","issue":"4255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba978e4b08c986b3222aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crabill, N.L.","contributorId":93627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabill","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209144,"text":"70209144 - 1976 - Relocation of local earthquakes by seismic ray tracing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-05T22:48:24.214412","indexId":"70209144","displayToPublicDate":"1976-08-10T08:54:20","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relocation of local earthquakes by seismic ray tracing","docAbstract":"Seismic ray tracing is used to relocate a set of local earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic array in Bear Valley, California. The crustal velocity structure is two-dimensional and incorporates most of the known and inferred velocity differences in the region. Relocated hypocenters fall within the San Andreas fault zone, and P residuals, without elevation or station corrections, now appear to be more internally consistent in the rms sense. Ray takeoff angles and azimuths are distinctly different from those of a uniformly layered earth model. Focal mechanism solutions using only traced data are well determined and have few inconsistent data. Zones of convergence and divergence of rays suggest large variations in observed amplitudes across the local network.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB081i023p04400","usgsCitation":"Engdahl, E., and Lee, W., 1976, Relocation of local earthquakes by seismic ray tracing: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 81, no. 23, p. 4400-4406, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB081i023p04400.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4400","endPage":"4406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209143,"text":"70209143 - 1976 - Determination of three‐dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes: 1. A homogeneous initial model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T08:48:23","indexId":"70209143","displayToPublicDate":"1976-08-10T08:46:54","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of three‐dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes: 1. A homogeneous initial model","docAbstract":"Geiger's method of locating local earthquakes has been extended to include the effect of P velocity variation along the ray paths in three dimensions. The crustal structure was modeled by rectangular blocks, and a parameter was assigned to each block describing the perturbation of P wave slowness in the block. On the basis of an initial model, a set of linear equations for the observed first P arrival times was formulated in terms of the source and medium parameters. The source parameters for all the earthquakes in the data set and medium parameters for all the blocks penetrated by the seismic rays were then determined simultaneously by the damped least squares method. A computer program has been written for the case of a homogeneous initial medium model with constant P velocity. It has been tested with artificial data and applied to a set of local earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic array in Bear Valley, California. The resultant velocity distribution in the top 5 km shows a narrow low‐velocity zone of about 5 km/s in the San Andreas fault zone sandwiched between high‐velocity regions of about 6 km/s.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic modeling for water policy evaluation; TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences","language":"English","publisher":"North-Holland Publishing Company","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam ","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., 1976, Water quality management and the distribution of emission rights by sealed tender markets, chap. of Economic modeling for water policy evaluation; TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences, v. 3, p. 113-123.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thrall, Robert M.","contributorId":207958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thrall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745346,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232795,"text":"70232795 - 1976 - Mississippi carbonate shelf margins, western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T16:43:20.340036","indexId":"70232795","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-01T11:34:30","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi carbonate shelf margins, western United States","docAbstract":"Regional linear carbonate shelf margins, or stratigraphic reefs, are postulated to have developed during Mississippian time along the eastern flank of the Cordilleran miogeosyncline in the Western United States. These shelf margins are analogous to well-documented ancient and modern geologic counterparts, such as the Guadalupian reef of the West Texas Permian basin, the Lower Cretaceous Edwards shelf margin of the Gulf Coast, and the modern Florida reef tract-Straits of Florida province. Two Mississippian shelf margins are believed to have existed: The lower one developed as an integral part of a widespread carbonate depositional complex of Kinderhookian through early Meramecian age; the upper shelf margin developed west of the earlier stratigraphic reef as part of a regional carbonate depositional complex of middle Meramecian to late Chesterian age. Evidence for both shelf margins consists of (1) a linear physical barrier, (2) restricted sediments in the shelf interior, (3) abrupt basinward thinning of sediments and basin-starvation just seaward of the shelf edge, (4) profound fades-changes coincident with the basinward thinning from light-colored, skeletal, shelf carbonate rocks to dark, fine-grained, silty, basinal carbonate rocks, and (5) the consistent regional occurrence of the first four patterns. Seaward topographic relief along the front edge of the lower shelf margin was probably about 200-400 m, and maximum relief along the central sector of the upper shelf margin may have approached 1,000 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rose, P.R., 1976, Mississippi carbonate shelf margins, western United States: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 4, p. 449-466.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"466","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue4/report.pdf","size":"21912 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-117.118868,32.534706],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.159554,34.119653],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-120.441975,34.451512],[-120.608355,34.556656],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.873046,35.225688],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.880167,36.950151],[-122.140578,36.97495],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.511983,37.77113],[-122.425942,37.810979],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.144396,37.581866],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.484411,38.11496],[-122.492474,37.82484],[-122.972378,38.020247],[-123.103706,38.415541],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.97083,46.47537],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.022413,46.708973],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.637425,47.889945],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.425572,48.232887],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.424102,48.334346],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.796887,48.975026],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.795938,33.962929],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.32446,33.348782],[-118.593969,33.467198],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.400628,48.036563],[-122.419274,47.912125],[-122.744612,48.20965],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.883759,48.418793],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Peter R.","contributorId":19958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232752,"text":"70232752 - 1976 - High-level plateaus of the southeastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming: remnants of an exhumed sub-Cambrian marine plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T14:54:35.987852","indexId":"70232752","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-01T09:38:25","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-level plateaus of the southeastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming: remnants of an exhumed sub-Cambrian marine plain","docAbstract":"The Beartooth Mountains of south-central Montana and northwestern Wyoming are a northwesterly trending high rugged range made up mainly of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The southeastern part of the range is characterized by extensive high-altitude flat or gently rolling plateaus separated by deep glaciated canyons. The plateaus along the crest of the range are at altitudes of more than 3,350 metres (11,000 ft), whereas those on the flanks of the range are much lower. They are almost entirely on Precambrian rocks, and only small patches of Cambrian sedimentary rocks still remain at a few places in the high mountains. Topographic profiles across the southeastern Beartooth Mountains show that: (1) plateaus bearing the sedimentary remnants lie very close to the position of the sub-Cambrian depositional surface as projected from known occurrences of that surface along the south side of the mountains; (2) other plateaus on the crest and southwest flank also lie near this projected position; and (3) high plateaus and other summits on the northeast slope in areas distant from known or projected positions of the sub-Cambrian surface are markedly accordant. We believe the plateaus along the crest and southwest flank of the range to be remnants of an exhumed marine plain of Early Cambrian or Precambrian age, and those on the northeast flank may possibly have a similar origin. The sub-Cambrian depositional surface was protected until early Tertiary time by a cover of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and parts of it probably were covered until Pliocene time by Eocene volcanic rocks. The surface subsequently has been profoundly modified by fluvial and glacial erosion and by mass wasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Simons, F.S., and Armbrustmacher, T.J., 1976, High-level plateaus of the southeastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming: remnants of an exhumed sub-Cambrian marine plain: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 4, p. 387-396.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"396","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue4/report.pdf","size":"21912 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Beartooth Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.0225830078125,\n 44.811070253260006\n ],\n [\n -109.22882080078125,\n 44.811070253260006\n ],\n [\n -109.22882080078125,\n 45.31159750379206\n ],\n [\n -110.0225830078125,\n 45.31159750379206\n ],\n [\n -110.0225830078125,\n 44.811070253260006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simons, Frank S.","contributorId":42203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbrustmacher, Theodore J.","contributorId":31376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232914,"text":"70232914 - 1976 - Simulation of forest changes related to hydrologic variables in the Atchafalaya River basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T13:52:03.251549","indexId":"70232914","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-01T08:22:31","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of forest changes related to hydrologic variables in the Atchafalaya River basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Results of forest-trend modeling from one data set in the Atchafalaya River basin show that predicted forest acreage totals for 16 forest types agree within 30 percent of actual values in two-thirds of the comparisons. A forest-trend simulation model based on statistical regression relations of forest and hydrologic variables and constrained by forest succession concepts was developed using observed data from twenty-four 8-square-mile (20.74-square-kilometre) quadrats. Forest and hydrologic data at each quadrat were sampled in time at three 4-mile (6.44-kilometre)-wide strips across the basin. The model predicts changes in forest-type acreages due to hydrologic change in time steps, or forest acreage transition, of 21 years. Further basin-wide quadrat simulations are planned using hydrologic input data from a flow-sediment model of the basin currently being developed. Other ecosystem models could be appended to the forest-trend simulation model.
Computer programs based on the exact calculations of the gravity and magnetic anomalies of polygonal prisms are faster in operation and more accurate than previous programs based on the numerical integration of polygonal laminas. The prism programs also are of more general application than existing computer programs that are based on the exact gravity and magnetic effects of rectangular prisms. There are no restrictions on the use of the exact formula for the gravitational attraction of a polygonal prism, but the formulas for the magnetic effect are restricted in that demagnetization is not considered, and a finite answer is not obtained in the unrealistic circumstance where an observation point coincides with an edge of the prism.Least-squares methods permit calculation of the gravity or magnetic effect of models without knowledge of the density or magnetization contrasts, respectively, by comparison of the observed anomalies with theoretical dimensionless values to determine contrasts as regression coefficients. The coefficient of correlation provides a goodness of fit estimate that helps model evaluation. After calculating a magnetic terrain correction for an outcrop of Quaternary dacite and andestite near Clear Lake, Calif., an improvement of the coefficient of correlation from 88 to the 92 percent level indicates that this volcanic unit probably extends at least 150 m beneath the surface. Application of a magnetic terrain correction to disconnected outcrops of Tertiary andesite, eliminates most of a prominent v-shaped magnetic anomaly south of the San Juan Mountains, Colo.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.1440645","usgsCitation":"Plouff, D., 1976, Gravity and magnetic fields of polygonal prisms and application to magnetic terrain corrections: Geophysics, v. 41, no. 4, p. 727-741, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440645.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"741","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Fish Creek Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.3399658203125,\n 32.89342578969234\n ],\n [\n -114.576416015625,\n 32.89342578969234\n ],\n [\n -114.576416015625,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -115.3399658203125,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -115.3399658203125,\n 32.89342578969234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70119552,"text":"70119552 - 1976 - Mathematical models for nonparametric inferences from line transect data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T13:14:07.526655","indexId":"70119552","displayToPublicDate":"1976-06-01T12:34:41","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical models for nonparametric inferences from line transect data","docAbstract":"A general mathematical theory of line transects is develoepd which supplies a framework for nonparametric density estimation based on either right angle or sighting distances. The probability of observing a point given its right angle distance (y) from the line is generalized to an arbitrary function g(y). Given only that g(O) = 1, it is shown there are nonparametric approaches to density estimation using the observed right angle distances. The model is then generalized to include sighting distances (r). Let f(y/r) be the conditional distribution of right angle distance given sighting distance. It is shown that nonparametric estimation based only on sighting distances requires we know the transformation of r given by f(O/r).","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2529501","usgsCitation":"Burnham, K., and Anderson, D., 1976, Mathematical models for nonparametric inferences from line transect data: Biometrics, v. 32, no. 2, p. 325-336, https://doi.org/10.2307/2529501.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e492cde4b0fff40428a5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232669,"text":"70232669 - 1976 - Mississippian history of the northern Rocky Mountains region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T16:28:04.733861","indexId":"70232669","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T11:11:04","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippian history of the northern Rocky Mountains region","docAbstract":"The Mississippian history of the northern Cordilleran region of the United States consists of two principal depositional cycles separated by a cycle of epeirogenic uplift and erosion. Each depositional cycle is divisible into phases that represent significant changes in depositional patterns. During Cycle I (early Kinderhookian-early Meramecian), predominantly carbonate and evaporite deposition took place on a broad cratonic shelf bordered on the east by land and on the west by a deep trough that received terrigenous sediments from an adjacent western landmass. Kinderhookian transgression was followed by regression during the Osagean and early Meramecian. Regional uplift during latest early Meramecian time (Cycle II) drained the shelf area and caused the sea to be confined to the western trough. During Cycle III (middle Meramecian-Chesterian), the sea again transgressed onto the craton, which was differentiated into the Big Snowy-Williston, Wyoming, and Uinta basins, where terrigenous and carbonate sediments were deposited. The Big Snowy-Williston basin was uplifted during latest Chesterian time and lost its identity, but the Wyoming basin continued to expand into the Pennsylvanian, when it engulfed most of the Cordilleran platform and breached the Transcontinental arch. Application of generalized carbonate, terrigenous, and evaporite depositional models results in specific models that explain the Mississippian depositional patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sando, W.J., 1976, Mississippian history of the northern Rocky Mountains region: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 317-338.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"338","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","size":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.6748046875,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -102.3486328125,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -102.3486328125,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -116.6748046875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -116.6748046875,\n 40.413496049701955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, William Jasper","contributorId":8524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Jasper","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":846220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232656,"text":"70232656 - 1976 - Two-dimensional steady-state dispersion in a saturated porous medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T14:53:23.437419","indexId":"70232656","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T09:40:50","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-dimensional steady-state dispersion in a saturated porous medium","docAbstract":"A previously developed analytical solution for two-dimensional dispersion is computed for various conditions. These results were then compared with solution of previously developed approximate models of transverse dispersion which were used to analyze experimentally derived concentration distribution. Comparison established that, whenever steady state was reached, the values of dispersion coefficient computed using the approximate expression agreed with values derived from exact expression and in addition allowed a quick computation of the parameter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ogata, A., 1976, Two-dimensional steady-state dispersion in a saturated porous medium: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 277-284.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","text":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogata, Akio","contributorId":22396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogata","given":"Akio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232654,"text":"70232654 - 1976 - Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T13:37:45.149132","indexId":"70232654","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T09:21:03","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"Double-mass-curve analysis of ground-water levels in Nassau County, Long Island, N.Y., shows that the average-weighted ground-water levels in a 32-mi2 (83-km2) segment of a sewered area declined 11.8 ft (3.6 m) relative to an adjacent unsewered area to the east during 1953-72. Electric-analog-model analysis indicates that 4.9 ft (1.5 m) of the decline is due to pumping in nearby Queens County, west of the sewered area. Most of the remaining 6.9 ft (2.1 m) of the decline is due to sewering. Streamflow within the sewered area has also declined because of the lowered ground-water levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Garber, M.S., and Sulam, D.J., 1976, Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 255-265.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","size":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","city":"Hempstead, North Hempstead","otherGeospatial":"Long Island, Sewer District 2","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.73748779296875,\n 40.59518511581991\n ],\n [\n -73.70590209960938,\n 40.590492461114074\n ],\n [\n -73.68461608886719,\n 40.5920567159421\n ],\n [\n -73.67431640625,\n 40.596227883251956\n ],\n [\n -73.65165710449219,\n 40.593620934177494\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.596227883251956\n ],\n [\n -73.59603881835938,\n 40.59414233212419\n ],\n [\n -73.58367919921875,\n 40.60196281341108\n ],\n [\n -73.54866027832031,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -73.5589599609375,\n 40.620728235777136\n ],\n [\n -73.56239318847655,\n 40.626982205446545\n ],\n [\n -73.56170654296875,\n 40.635319920747456\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 40.6426145676101\n ],\n [\n -73.56651306152344,\n 40.66293116628907\n ],\n [\n -73.57406616210938,\n 40.69001034095325\n ],\n [\n -73.57887268066406,\n 40.707710007867334\n ],\n [\n -73.5809326171875,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -73.58573913574217,\n 40.73581157695217\n ],\n [\n -73.59397888183594,\n 40.73737242735457\n ],\n [\n -73.60702514648438,\n 40.73737242735457\n ],\n [\n -73.61183166503906,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.61663818359374,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -73.62556457519531,\n 40.762341053140275\n ],\n [\n -73.62487792968749,\n 40.776901754952384\n ],\n [\n -73.62213134765625,\n 40.78782018739577\n ],\n [\n -73.62213134765625,\n 40.798217025760536\n ],\n [\n -73.62762451171875,\n 40.810171377120604\n ],\n [\n -73.6468505859375,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n -73.65715026855469,\n 40.8034148344062\n ],\n [\n -73.66813659667969,\n 40.79613778833378\n ],\n [\n -73.69903564453125,\n 40.79249896613324\n ],\n [\n -73.707275390625,\n 40.78626052122175\n ],\n [\n -73.72993469238281,\n 40.77586181063573\n ],\n [\n -73.73886108398438,\n 40.769101775774935\n ],\n [\n -73.75534057617188,\n 40.762861133145016\n ],\n [\n -73.74984741210938,\n 40.758700379161006\n ],\n [\n -73.73817443847656,\n 40.74985791219436\n ],\n [\n -73.72512817382812,\n 40.73997376331186\n ],\n [\n -73.72306823730469,\n 40.72956780913897\n ],\n [\n -73.72993469238281,\n 40.71603763556807\n ],\n [\n -73.72650146484375,\n 40.6920928987952\n ],\n [\n -73.72581481933592,\n 40.68376227690408\n ],\n [\n -73.74298095703125,\n 40.66553541102791\n ],\n [\n -73.75877380371094,\n 40.64938745451835\n ],\n [\n -73.74366760253906,\n 40.639488387988365\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 40.629587853312174\n ],\n [\n -73.74366760253906,\n 40.617079816381285\n ],\n [\n -73.74229431152344,\n 40.606654663050485\n ],\n [\n -73.73748779296875,\n 40.59518511581991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, Murray S.","contributorId":93500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulam, Dennis J.","contributorId":34148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulam","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232736,"text":"70232736 - 1976 - Ocher as a prospecting medium in the Montezuma district of central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T14:01:59.566195","indexId":"70232736","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T08:50:59","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocher as a prospecting medium in the Montezuma district of central Colorado","docAbstract":"Ocher occurs widely In the Montezuma district as small sinters and as bedded deposits of bog iron and ocher-cemented conglomerates. The iron of the ochers is derived from pyrite-rich veins and from pyritic hydrothermally altered rocks. Trace amounts of ore metals in the ocher and its admixed detritus are partly from the pyritic source rocks but also include contributions from other rocks and ores in the watershed, both during and after formation of the ocher deposit. Ocher is evidence for the presence and character of the generally ill exposed pyritic rocks, which are important, in evaluating the porphyry-metal system of ore deposits. The trace-element composition of the ocher is at best a qualitative guide to the ore metals present in the provenance of the ocher deposit but not to their abundance or necessarily to their mode of occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Neuerburg, G.J., and Botinelly, T., 1976, Ocher as a prospecting medium in the Montezuma district of central Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 359-365.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"365","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","size":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.96975708007811,\n 38.96261229874331\n ],\n [\n -105.81619262695312,\n 38.96261229874331\n ],\n [\n -105.81619262695312,\n 39.49026449493615\n ],\n [\n -106.96975708007811,\n 39.49026449493615\n ],\n [\n -106.96975708007811,\n 38.96261229874331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuerburg, George J.","contributorId":103661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botinelly, Theodore","contributorId":101253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botinelly","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010885,"text":"70010885 - 1976 - An experiment in earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-21T16:29:05.404293","indexId":"70010885","displayToPublicDate":"1976-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experiment in earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado","docAbstract":"An experiment in an oil field at Rangely, Colorado, has demonstrated the feasibility of earthquake control. Variations in seismicity were produced by controlled variations in the fluid pressure in a seismically active zone. Precise earthquake locations revealed that the earthquakes clustered about a fault trending through a zone of high pore pressure produced by secondary recovery operations. Laboratory measurements of the frictional properties of the reservoir rocks and an in situ stress measurement made near the earthquake zone were used to predict the fluid pressure required to trigger earthquakes on preexisting fractures. Fluid pressure was controlled by alternately injecting and recovering water from wells that penetrated the seismic zone. Fluid pressure was monitored in observation wells, and a computer model of the reservoir was used to infer the fluid pressure distributions in the vicinity of the injection wells. The results of this experiment confirm the predicted effect of fluid pressure on earthquake activity and indicate that earthquakes can be controlled wherever we can control the fluid pressure in a fault zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.191.4233.1230","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Raleigh, C., Healy, J.H., and Bredehoeft, J., 1976, An experiment in earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado: Science, v. 191, no. 4233, p. 1230-1237, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.191.4233.1230.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1230","endPage":"1237","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Rangely","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.84277087243589,\n 40.11930068802104\n ],\n [\n -108.84277087243589,\n 40.06951510909437\n ],\n [\n -108.75431520044876,\n 40.06951510909437\n ],\n [\n -108.75431520044876,\n 40.11930068802104\n ],\n [\n -108.84277087243589,\n 40.11930068802104\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"191","issue":"4233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea61e4b0c8380cd48815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raleigh, C.B.","contributorId":40219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232221,"text":"70232221 - 1976 - Cenozoic deposits of southeastern New Mexico and an outline of the history of evaporite dissolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T15:34:50.74069","indexId":"70232221","displayToPublicDate":"1976-03-01T10:25:51","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic deposits of southeastern New Mexico and an outline of the history of evaporite dissolution","docAbstract":"Sedimentary records of Cenozoic history in southeastern New Mexico begin with the Ogallala Formation of Miocene and Pliocene age. Later records include the Gatuna Formation of early or middle Pleistocene age, Mescalero caliche, an informal term, of middle Pleistocene age, and fluvial deposits of late Pleistocene age but there are many gaps in the record. The modern landscape is the result of erosion and deposition in climates that have ranged from semihumid to semiarid as well as dissolution of soluble rocks in Permian formations in the subsurface. This dissolution may have begun as early as Jurassic time and has continued intermittently to the present.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bachman, G.O., 1976, Cenozoic deposits of southeastern New Mexico and an outline of the history of evaporite dissolution: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 2, p. 135-149.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"149","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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of chloride, sodium, and stable strontium was made at a constant rate for 3 hours into Uvas Creek, Santa Clara County, Calif., to determine the mass transport processes in a small stream. Five observation points were selected within a 610-metre reach of the stream below the injection site. Water samples were collected at the observation points during and immediately after the injection. A mathematical model of the stream was obtained by solving analytically and optimally the one-dimensional mass transport equation of the solutes in the stream. Comparison of field results with a simplified mathematical model indicates the dominance of convection in the behavior of sodium and chloride. The concentration of chloride and sodium can be closely simulated by the model. However, strontium cannot be well represented by the simplified model, which contains a first-order decay-type sink.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Zand, S.M., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., and Avanzino, R., 1976, Solute transport and modeling of water quality in a small stream: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, p. 233-240.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"240","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","otherGeospatial":"Uvas Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.84627532958984,\n 37.07147779838202\n ],\n [\n -121.74156188964845,\n 37.07147779838202\n ],\n [\n -121.74156188964845,\n 37.10516392042412\n ],\n [\n -121.84627532958984,\n 37.10516392042412\n ],\n [\n -121.84627532958984,\n 37.07147779838202\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zand, S. M.","contributorId":292491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zand","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, G. W.","contributorId":55445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70119558,"text":"70119558 - 1976 - Roosting ecology of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-07T12:55:12","indexId":"70119558","displayToPublicDate":"1976-02-01T12:48:31","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roosting ecology of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus","docAbstract":"Daytime roosting behavior of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) was studied in central Arizona. Bats were present in the area from March or April until November and roosted in cliffs in colonies generally including 20 or more individuals. Pallid bats were highly selective in their choice of roost sites and minimized diurnal energy output by adaptive hypothermia and behavioral thermo-regulation. In spring and autumn the bats roosted in vertical crevices responsive to changes in ambient temperatures. Here temperatures remained low and the bats were torpid for much of the day, but when the crevices became heated in the late afternoon the bats were passively warmed prior to emergence. Deep, horizontal crevices were preferred in summer; cliffs function as massive heat sinks, and in summer crevice temperatures remained moderate and relatively stable. Throughout most of the day both the deep parts of the crevices and the body temperatures of the bats remained close to 30ºC; at this body temperature pallid bats have unexpectedly low metabolic rates (Trune, 1974). By adjusting their positions and closeness to other bats in the thermal gradient within the crevice, bats dissipate heat early in the day, maintain a low metabolic rate through most of the fat and elevate the body temperature prior to emergence in the evening. Of vital important to pallid bats in the summer are social behaviors that promote communal roosting at \"traditional\" crevices.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.2307/1379510","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, T.A., and O'Shea, T., 1976, Roosting ecology of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 57, no. 1, p. 19-42, https://doi.org/10.2307/1379510.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291840,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1379510"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e492cfe4b0fff40428a5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, Terry A.","contributorId":90648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":78071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010234,"text":"70010234 - 1976 - Application of multi-regional planning models to the scheduling of large-scale water resource systems development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:32:02.76064","indexId":"70010234","displayToPublicDate":"1976-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of multi-regional planning models to the scheduling of large-scale water resource systems development","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Island","docAbstract":"The virtually featureless Beringian shelf south of St. Lawrence Island is underlain structurally by at least 14 basins. Encompassing a total area of more than 300,000 sq km, most of the basins are either elongate structural sags, grabens, or half (asymmetric) grabens beneath the outer shelf. The regional trend of these basins is northwest, parallel with that of the continental margin. Two of the basins, St. George and Navarin, contain 7 to 10 km of Upper Cretaceous(?) and Cenozoic sedimentary strata. A major divergence in dip of beds in the upper half of the sedimentary section may reflect an abrupt shelf-wide change in the rate of sedimentation and/or subsidence, probably during the Miocene. The outer sub-shelf basement grabens and adjacent ridges (horsts) are bounded by high-angle normal faults that exhibit growth-type structure.
St. Matthew basin, an elongate, southwest-trending feature of the inner shelf, lies along the offshore expression of the Kaltag fault of western Alaska. The Kaltag fault, like the Denali fault in southwestern Alaska, does not extend to the outer Bering Sea shelf but ends or turns parallel with the margin within the inner shelf.
The inner shelf is underlain by a broad basement high, Nunivak arch, the seaward half of which is characterized by an arcuate belt of high-frequency and high-amplitude magnetic anomalies. This zone of intense magnetic anomalies along the shelf is probably the signature of a Mesozoic magmatic arc that extends from southwestern Alaska to eastern Siberia and consists of Jurassic to Cretaceous plutonic and volcanic rocks. We speculate that this magmatic arc resulted from oblique convergence and subduction in the Mesozoic between the Kula(?) and North American plates along the eastern Beringian margin. Folding and uplift in the area of the present outer shelf occurred contemporaneously with magmatism along the inner shelf. Plate convergence apparently ceased by the end of the Mesozoic or t e beginning of the Cenozoic. Subsequently, the foldbelt underlying the outer shelf was eroded extensively and rifted extensionally to form large, deep basins. On the average, the shelf has subsided more than 1.5 km. Subsidence and sediment burial of the eroded orogen formed the modern Beringian shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/83D92299-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., Scholl, D.W., Cooper, A.K., and Buffington, E.C., 1976, Structure and evolution of Bering Sea shelf south of St. Lawrence Island: AAPG Bulletin, v. 60, no. 2, p. 161-183, https://doi.org/10.1306/83D92299-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea Shelf","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buffington, E. C.","contributorId":13948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207696,"text":"70207696 - 1976 - Plate tectonic model for the evolution of the eastern Bering Sea Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T15:17:00.551395","indexId":"70207696","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-06T15:33:44","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plate tectonic model for the evolution of the eastern Bering Sea Basin","docAbstract":"The eastern Bering Sea Basin, composed of the Aleutian and Bowers Basins, is flanked to the north by Mesozoic foldbelts that probably represent zones of plate subduction in Mesozoic time. Present plate subduction occurs 400 to 1,000 km farther south, at the Aleutian Trench. North-south magnetic lineations that formed at an oceanic spreading ridge, probably in Mesozoic time (117 to 132 m.y. ago), have been identified in the Aleutian Basin. The orientation and age of those anomalies can be explained by reconstructing Kula-Farallon Pacific plate motions during late Mesozoic–early Tertiary time.
In Mesozoic time, subduction of the Kula plate occurred north of the Aleutian Trench near the present location of the Bering Sea continental margin. At about 70 m.y. B.P. (Late Cretaceous), the zone of subduction shifted south to the present location of the Aleutian Trench, thereby trapping a fragment of oceanic plate imprinted with north-south magnetic lineations within the eastern Bering Sea Basin. A stable basin framework has prevailed behind the Aleutian arc since early Tertiary time.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1119:PTMFTE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., Scholl, D.W., and Marlow, M.S., 1976, Plate tectonic model for the evolution of the eastern Bering Sea Basin: GSA Bulletin, v. 87, no. 8, p. 1119-1126, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1119:PTMFTE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1119","endPage":"1126","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eastern Bering Sea basin","volume":"87","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9844,"text":"ofr76651 - 1976 - Simulations of water-level drawdowns in proposed well-field areas, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T17:03:47.780638","indexId":"ofr76651","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T22:10:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-651","title":"Simulations of water-level drawdowns in proposed well-field areas, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Electrical analog model simulations of hydraulic conditions in the Biscayne aquifer were made at proposed inland well-field sites in Dade County, Florida. Simulated drawdowns of water levels after 7 months of continuous pumping at 50, 100, and 150 million gallons per day were obtained at each site. Simultaneous pumping of each of the sites at 50 million gallons per day showed that after 7 months pumping there would be interference between proposed well fields. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr76651","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Klein, H., 1976, Simulations of water-level drawdowns in proposed well-field areas, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-651, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76651.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0651/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0651/ofr76651.pdf","text":"Report","size":"600 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.53390502929688,\n 25.247180194609925\n ],\n [\n -80.13015747070312,\n 25.247180194609925\n ],\n [\n -80.13015747070312,\n 26.046912801683984\n ],\n [\n -80.53390502929688,\n 26.046912801683984\n ],\n [\n -80.53390502929688,\n 25.247180194609925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The analog model of the Biscayne aquifer of southeast Florida was used to approximate the effects of two proposed water-management schemes. One involved adding a secondary control structure in a major canal which is controlled near the coast. In the model the controls were operated in accordance with canal water level both above and below the secondary control. Although the model could not differentiate between control openings of 1 foot or 5 feet, it showed that the secondary control is a viable method of conserving ground water.
The second scheme involved pumping ground water ('forward pumping') from the Biscayne aquifer in inland areas during the dry season to: (1) augment canal flows toward the coast to sustain ground-water levels there, and (2) generate additional ground-water storage space for recharge in the wet season. Several sites on the model were programmed for forward pumping wells and the storage change was noted as a percentage of the ground-water withdrawal. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7693","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Cordes, E.H., and Gardner, R.A., 1976, Analog-model simulations for secondary canal controls and forward pumping water-management schemes in southeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-93, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7693.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0093/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2026,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0093/wri7693.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Dade County, Snake Creek Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.44532775878906,\n 26.062334442780692\n ],\n [\n -80.44120788574219,\n 25.941374418200503\n ],\n [\n -80.18577575683594,\n 25.75784610230624\n ],\n [\n -80.18508911132812,\n 25.79123606041021\n ],\n [\n -80.17616271972656,\n 25.834505347339903\n ],\n [\n -80.167236328125,\n 25.86725585969518\n ],\n [\n -80.14595031738281,\n 25.89690887065143\n ],\n [\n -80.13153076171875,\n 25.903703303407667\n ],\n [\n -80.12947082519531,\n 25.922231585619894\n ],\n [\n -80.1177978515625,\n 25.98520595593358\n ],\n [\n -80.11093139648436,\n 26.069119321860896\n ],\n [\n -80.44532775878906,\n 26.062334442780692\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 25.940139490600565\n ],\n [\n -80.48789978027344,\n 25.891967219290756\n ],\n [\n -80.48515319824217,\n 25.774542255850353\n ],\n [\n -80.49888610839844,\n 25.761556561592343\n ],\n [\n -80.31692504882812,\n 25.765885284201275\n ],\n [\n -80.32241821289062,\n 25.852426562716428\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 25.940139490600565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.50094604492186,\n 25.762174960200042\n ],\n [\n -80.48721313476562,\n 25.773305584277654\n ],\n [\n -80.48789978027344,\n 25.835741380387113\n ],\n [\n -80.6781005859375,\n 25.83512336547731\n ],\n [\n -80.67741394042969,\n 25.762793355586627\n ],\n [\n -80.50094604492186,\n 25.762174960200042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.66505432128905,\n 25.83697740052369\n ],\n [\n -80.54145812988281,\n 25.9469314321602\n ],\n [\n -80.60600280761719,\n 26.00310428015198\n ],\n [\n -80.72616577148438,\n 25.890731774122894\n ],\n [\n -80.66505432128905,\n 25.83697740052369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.53871154785156,\n 25.935817142040126\n ],\n [\n -80.4473876953125,\n 25.935817142040126\n ],\n [\n -80.4473876953125,\n 26.028404154179178\n ],\n [\n -80.53871154785156,\n 26.028404154179178\n ],\n [\n -80.53871154785156,\n 25.935817142040126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
This report is a program documentation to the latest revision (1975) of the unsteady open-channel flow simulation model by the method of characteristics, Version 13 in the program series, which employs a multiple-reach scheme treating each subreach as a prismatic shape. A long waterway of variable cross section, properties and coefficients may be divided into a number of subreaches, each being considered uniform in geometry and in other factors. The basic method of characteristics using specified time intervals is applied to each subreach, and additional boundary conditions are imposed at the junctions between subreaches. For the user's convenience, the program incorporates several types of options covering input, accuracy, boundary conditions, data formats, output, and continuation. The program accepts input data in three forms. data cards only, cards and user-supplied subroutines, and cards and disk stage data. Boundary values are either stage or velocity and are given either in numerical data or equation form. The user may employ or bypass the extrapolation procedures by weighing the trade-off between accuracy and computer time. By eight output options provided in the program he can also tailor the outputs to suit his need and convenience.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70237807","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., and Onions, C.A., 1976, Computation of unsteady flows in rivers and estuaries by the method of characteristics, viii, 195 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70237807.","productDescription":"viii, 195 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70237807/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70237807/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Onions, C. A.","contributorId":173446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onions","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25250,"text":"25250 - 1976 - Flood frequency of Mississippi streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-20T14:28:21","indexId":"25250","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T09:56:30","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Flood frequency of Mississippi streams","docAbstract":"Techniques have been developed for estimating future flood magnitudes having recurrence intervals as great as 100 years. Estimates for gaged sites were obtained by application of the log-Pearson Type III frequency distribution. Estimates for ungaged sites are defined by mathematical relations which may be solved using data from topographic maps. Nomographs were designed for making rapid estimates for floodfrequency values. Snythetic records generated by a digital computer Model of the rainfall-runoff process for drainage areas ranging from 0.04 to 4.35 square miles (0.1 to 11.3 square kilometres) were combined with long-term observed records to define the relation of basic characteristics to flood frequency on drainage areas as great as 6,630 square miles (17,200 square kilometres). Multiple-regression techniques indicated that drainage area, slope, and length were the most significant variables affecting flood frequency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/25250","issn":"0364-7064","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Mississippi State Highway Department in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation.","usgsCitation":"Colson, B., and Hudson, J.W., 1976, Flood frequency of Mississippi streams, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/25250.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/25250.jpg"},{"id":331666,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/25250/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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