An estimated $23 million damage was caused by one of the great earthquakes in United States history in 1886. Charleston, S.C, and nearby cities suffered most of the damage, although points as far as 160 km away were strongly shaken. Many of the 20 earthquakes of intensity V or greater (Modified Mercalli scale) that centered within South Carolina occurred near Charleston. A 1924 shock in the western part of the State was felt over 145,000 km2. Several earthquakes outside the State borders were felt strongly in South Carolina.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"von Hake, C., 1976, Earthquake history of South Carolina: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 8, no. 6, p. 34-38.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.290754,33.110051],[-79.329909,33.089986],[-79.337169,33.072302],[-79.335346,33.065362],[-79.339313,33.050336],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.403712,33.003903],[-79.416515,33.006815],[-79.423447,33.015085],[-79.483499,33.001265],[-79.488727,33.015832],[-79.506923,33.032813],[-79.522449,33.03535],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.580725,33.006447],[-79.58659,32.991334],[-79.606615,32.972248],[-79.617611,32.952726],[-79.617715,32.94487],[-79.606194,32.925953],[-79.585897,32.926461],[-79.581687,32.931341],[-79.572614,32.933885],[-79.569762,32.926692],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.631149,32.888606],[-79.695141,32.850398],[-79.702956,32.835781],[-79.719879,32.825796],[-79.716761,32.813627],[-79.726389,32.805996],[-79.811021,32.77696],[-79.818237,32.766352],[-79.84035,32.756816],[-79.848527,32.755248],[-79.866742,32.757422],[-79.872232,32.752128],[-79.873605,32.745657],[-79.868352,32.734849],[-79.870336,32.727777],[-79.888028,32.695177],[-79.884961,32.684402],[-79.915682,32.664915],[-79.968468,32.639732],[-79.975248,32.639537],[-79.986917,32.626388],[-79.99175,32.616389],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.010505,32.608852],[-80.037276,32.610236],[-80.077039,32.603319],[-80.121368,32.590523],[-80.148406,32.578479],[-80.167286,32.559885],[-80.171764,32.546118],[-80.188401,32.553604],[-80.20523,32.555547],[-80.246361,32.531114],[-80.277681,32.516161],[-80.332438,32.478104],[-80.338354,32.47873],[-80.343883,32.490795],[-80.363956,32.496098],[-80.380716,32.486359],[-80.386827,32.47881],[-80.392561,32.475332],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.417896,32.476076],[-80.418502,32.490894],[-80.423454,32.497989],[-80.439407,32.503472],[-80.452078,32.497286],[-80.46571,32.4953],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.48025,32.477407],[-80.484617,32.460976],[-80.480156,32.447048],[-80.467588,32.425259],[-80.446075,32.423721],[-80.43296,32.410659],[-80.429941,32.401782],[-80.429291,32.389667],[-80.434303,32.375193],[-80.445451,32.350335],[-80.456814,32.336884],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.466342,32.31917],[-80.517871,32.298796],[-80.545688,32.282076],[-80.571096,32.273278],[-80.596394,32.273549],[-80.618286,32.260183],[-80.638857,32.255618],[-80.658634,32.248638],[-80.669166,32.216783],[-80.688857,32.200971],[-80.721463,32.160427],[-80.749091,32.140137],[-80.789996,32.122494],[-80.812503,32.109746],[-80.82153,32.108589],[-80.828394,32.113222],[-80.831531,32.112709],[-80.844431,32.109709],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.892344,32.043764],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-80.954482,32.068622],[-80.983133,32.079609],[-80.994333,32.094608],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-81.011961,32.100176],[-81.021622,32.090897],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.060442,32.087503],[-81.088234,32.10395],[-81.091498,32.110782],[-81.111134,32.112005],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.119994,32.134268],[-81.118334,32.144403],[-81.122034,32.161803],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.128134,32.169102],[-81.119434,32.175402],[-81.120434,32.178702],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.12315,32.201329],[-81.128283,32.208634],[-81.136012,32.212858],[-81.143139,32.221731],[-81.156587,32.24391],[-81.148334,32.255098],[-81.145834,32.263397],[-81.136534,32.272697],[-81.128034,32.276297],[-81.119633,32.287596],[-81.122333,32.305395],[-81.137633,32.328194],[-81.133032,32.334794],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.142532,32.350893],[-81.147632,32.349393],[-81.150589,32.34587],[-81.154,32.345924],[-81.155032,32.350093],[-81.170126,32.361318],[-81.169332,32.369436],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.178131,32.38459],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.20843,32.435987],[-81.201595,32.44136],[-81.202359,32.450448],[-81.192629,32.456286],[-81.186829,32.464086],[-81.194829,32.465086],[-81.200029,32.467985],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.238728,32.508896],[-81.234834,32.512271],[-81.23466,32.51627],[-81.252882,32.51833],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.274927,32.544158],[-81.281298,32.55644],[-81.297955,32.563026],[-81.320588,32.559534],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.369757,32.591231],[-81.373178,32.592115],[-81.379216,32.589022],[-81.389261,32.595383],[-81.393865,32.60234],[-81.411906,32.61841],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.418431,32.634704],[-81.414761,32.63744],[-81.41026,32.631392],[-81.407271,32.631737],[-81.402846,32.63621],[-81.405109,32.64269],[-81.393033,32.651543],[-81.398314,32.656307],[-81.405273,32.656517],[-81.407193,32.660519],[-81.401029,32.677494],[-81.40831,32.694908],[-81.4131,32.692648],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.421194,32.711978],[-81.418542,32.732586],[-81.411549,32.740145],[-81.410281,32.744653],[-81.416198,32.750428],[-81.415212,32.757753],[-81.417606,32.762684],[-81.426481,32.769023],[-81.425636,32.77184],[-81.421269,32.774658],[-81.421128,32.778039],[-81.428313,32.78311],[-81.429017,32.785505],[-81.424999,32.790334],[-81.423772,32.810514],[-81.419752,32.813731],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.421614,32.835178],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.444866,32.850967],[-81.451199,32.847925],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.455978,32.854107],[-81.451351,32.868583],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.475918,32.877641],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.4771,32.887469],[-81.464069,32.897814],[-81.479184,32.905638],[-81.483198,32.921802],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.502716,32.938688],[-81.499446,32.944988],[-81.507045,32.951194],[-81.508536,32.957156],[-81.506449,32.962423],[-81.49983,32.963816],[-81.494736,32.978998],[-81.491197,32.997824],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.50203,33.015113],[-81.511245,33.027786],[-81.519632,33.029181],[-81.538789,33.039185],[-81.544258,33.046905],[-81.553643,33.044137],[-81.557013,33.0451],[-81.559179,33.047386],[-81.560502,33.055207],[-81.57288,33.05418],[-81.588539,33.07085],[-81.594555,33.069887],[-81.599248,33.071813],[-81.600211,33.075182],[-81.598165,33.081078],[-81.601655,33.084688],[-81.608995,33.0818],[-81.609476,33.089862],[-81.612725,33.093953],[-81.617779,33.095277],[-81.637232,33.092952],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.658433,33.103152],[-81.683533,33.112651],[-81.696934,33.116551],[-81.704634,33.116451],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.763135,33.159449],[-81.766735,33.170749],[-81.772435,33.180449],[-81.765735,33.187948],[-81.760635,33.189248],[-81.756935,33.197848],[-81.763535,33.203648],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.774035,33.221147],[-81.780135,33.221147],[-81.777535,33.211347],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.807936,33.213747],[-81.809636,33.222647],[-81.827936,33.228746],[-81.837016,33.237652],[-81.846536,33.241746],[-81.851979,33.247382],[-81.853137,33.250745],[-81.847336,33.266345],[-81.840078,33.26704],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.844036,33.278644],[-81.851836,33.283544],[-81.861336,33.286244],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.861536,33.297944],[-81.849636,33.299544],[-81.846136,33.303843],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.867936,33.314043],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.886637,33.316943],[-81.897329,33.322331],[-81.896937,33.327642],[-81.900301,33.331117],[-81.906444,33.324181],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.919137,33.334442],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.924737,33.345341],[-81.932737,33.343541],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.944737,33.364041],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.939637,33.37254],[-81.930634,33.368165],[-81.925737,33.37114],[-81.924837,33.37414],[-81.930861,33.380076],[-81.936961,33.404197],[-81.92306,33.408266],[-81.920121,33.410753],[-81.91933,33.415613],[-81.924893,33.419307],[-81.927241,33.422846],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.924981,33.429288],[-81.916236,33.433114],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.913532,33.441274],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.934136,33.468337],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.990938,33.494235],[-81.991938,33.504435],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-82.007138,33.522835],[-82.011538,33.531735],[-82.019838,33.535035],[-82.028238,33.544934],[-82.033023,33.546454],[-82.037375,33.554662],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.057727,33.566774],[-82.073104,33.57751],[-82.094128,33.582742],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.115328,33.596501],[-82.12908,33.589925],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.148816,33.598092],[-82.156288,33.60863],[-82.174351,33.613117],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.201186,33.646898],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.208411,33.669872],[-82.216868,33.6844],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.237192,33.70788],[-82.235753,33.71439],[-82.239098,33.730872],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.255267,33.75969],[-82.263206,33.761962],[-82.266127,33.766745],[-82.277681,33.772032],[-82.285804,33.780058],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.313339,33.809205],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.346933,33.834298],[-82.371775,33.843813],[-82.37975,33.851086],[-82.395736,33.859089],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.43115,33.867051],[-82.440503,33.875123],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.480111,33.901897],[-82.492929,33.909754],[-82.50764,33.931456],[-82.51295,33.936969],[-82.524515,33.94336],[-82.534111,33.943651],[-82.543128,33.940949],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.564531,33.955741],[-82.568288,33.968772],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.580571,33.98514],[-82.575351,33.990904],[-82.576222,33.993106],[-82.583394,33.995286],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.595655,34.016118],[-82.594555,34.028717],[-82.609655,34.039917],[-82.626963,34.063457],[-82.630972,34.065528],[-82.635991,34.064941],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.645661,34.076046],[-82.640345,34.086304],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.648184,34.098649],[-82.658561,34.103118],[-82.666879,34.113591],[-82.668113,34.12016],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.68629,34.134454],[-82.692152,34.138986],[-82.70414,34.141007],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.723312,34.165895],[-82.731881,34.178363],[-82.732761,34.195338],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.740447,34.219679],[-82.744415,34.224913],[-82.74198,34.230196],[-82.744834,34.242957],[-82.744056,34.252407],[-82.748756,34.263407],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.755028,34.276067],[-82.770928,34.285402],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.781752,34.302901],[-82.78684,34.310381],[-82.794054,34.339772],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.836611,34.382676],[-82.841524,34.39013],[-82.841326,34.397332],[-82.847446,34.412049],[-82.848651,34.423844],[-82.854434,34.432275],[-82.855762,34.443977],[-82.860874,34.451469],[-82.860707,34.457428],[-82.875463,34.463503],[-82.876464,34.465803],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.922866,34.481402],[-82.928466,34.484202],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-82.947367,34.479602],[-82.954667,34.477302],[-82.960668,34.482002],[-82.979568,34.482702],[-82.992215,34.479198],[-82.995279,34.475648],[-82.99509,34.472483],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-83.029315,34.484147],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.043771,34.488816],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.087189,34.515939],[-83.077995,34.523746],[-83.087789,34.532078],[-83.102179,34.532179],[-83.103987,34.540166],[-83.122901,34.560129],[-83.129676,34.561699],[-83.152577,34.578299],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.179439,34.60802],[-83.196979,34.605998],[-83.199779,34.608398],[-83.211598,34.610905],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.243381,34.617997],[-83.240676,34.624307],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.271982,34.641896],[-83.292883,34.654196],[-83.300848,34.66247],[-83.301477,34.666582],[-83.304641,34.669561],[-83.316401,34.669316],[-83.321463,34.677543],[-83.330284,34.681342],[-83.336207,34.680534],[-83.33869,34.682002],[-83.340383,34.688998],[-83.349975,34.699155],[-83.347718,34.705474],[-83.352485,34.715993],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.348829,34.737194],[-83.338666,34.742295],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.319945,34.773725],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.313782,34.799911],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.302395,34.813241],[-83.294292,34.814725],[-83.289914,34.824477],[-83.275656,34.816862],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.267293,34.832748],[-83.269982,34.837196],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.254605,34.846402],[-83.252582,34.853483],[-83.24722,34.85844],[-83.245602,34.865522],[-83.240847,34.866736],[-83.238419,34.869771],[-83.239081,34.875661],[-83.22924,34.879907],[-83.220099,34.878124],[-83.213323,34.882796],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.201183,34.884653],[-83.204572,34.890284],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.186541,34.899534],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.160937,34.918269],[-83.153253,34.926342],[-83.140621,34.924915],[-83.130554,34.930932],[-83.129493,34.937402],[-83.121112,34.939129],[-83.121214,34.942684],[-83.126761,34.948742],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.12114,34.958966],[-83.120387,34.968406],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.1046,34.992783],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-82.783283,35.0856],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.764464,35.068177],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.754162,35.069629],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.729683,35.087827],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.715297,35.092943],[-82.703916,35.097651],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.688456,35.106347],[-82.691194,35.114721],[-82.68604,35.124545],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.676861,35.12535],[-82.669614,35.118103],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.621185,35.134635],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.59814,35.137729],[-82.59243,35.139002],[-82.588158,35.142928],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.569912,35.145268],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.554227,35.156911],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.540483,35.160306],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.521403,35.158851],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.476136,35.175486],[-82.467991,35.174633],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.452987,35.17469],[-82.451201,35.16526],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.435689,35.167715],[-82.424461,35.193092],[-82.419744,35.198613],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.39293,35.215402],[-82.384029,35.210542],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.380903,35.189565],[-82.376808,35.184427],[-82.371298,35.181449],[-82.364299,35.184725],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.340133,35.189188],[-82.333934,35.190661],[-82.330779,35.189032],[-82.330549,35.186767],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.315871,35.190678],[-82.295354,35.194965],[-82.288453,35.198605],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.176874,35.19379],[-81.716259,35.178852],[-81.241686,35.160081],[-81.043625,35.149877],[-81.047826,35.143743],[-81.051037,35.131654],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.033005,35.113747],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.037369,35.102541],[-81.046524,35.100617],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.057236,35.086129],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-80.884887,35.05351],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.499788,34.817261],[-79.870693,34.805378],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.249763,34.449774],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-78.553944,33.847831],[-78.584841,33.844282],[-78.67226,33.817587],[-78.714116,33.800138],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-78.812931,33.743472],[-78.862931,33.705654],[-78.938076,33.639826],[-79.007356,33.566565],[-79.028516,33.533365],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.10136,33.461016],[-79.135441,33.403867],[-79.147496,33.378243],[-79.152035,33.350925],[-79.158429,33.332811],[-79.162332,33.327246],[-79.180318,33.254141],[-79.180563,33.237955],[-79.172394,33.206577],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.195631,33.166016],[-79.215453,33.155569],[-79.238262,33.137055],[-79.24609,33.124865],[-79.290754,33.110051]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a7554fe4b0b28f1184d805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Hake, C. A.","contributorId":7699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Hake","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199436,"text":"70199436 - 1975 - Sequential bidding models--a decision theoretic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:51:56","indexId":"70199436","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-18T09:39:54","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5743,"text":"Industrial Organization Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential bidding models--a decision theoretic approach","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University Publications Division of Physical Biological Sciences, Ltd","publisherLocation":"Blacksburg, Va.","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Johnson, S., 1975, Sequential bidding models--a decision theoretic approach: Industrial Organization Review, v. 3, no. 1, p. 49-55.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.R.","contributorId":38691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042868,"text":"70042868 - 1975 - A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15832,"text":"ofr7512 - 1975 - A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","indexId":"ofr7512","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042868,"text":"70042868 - 1975 - A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","indexId":"70042868","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T21:23:44","indexId":"70042868","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"The Palisades Reservoir seems to be triggering earthquakes: epicenters are concentrated near the reservoir, and quakes are concentrated in spring, when the reservoir level is highest or is rising most rapidly, and in fall, when the level is lowest. Both spring and fall quakes appear to be triggered by minor local stresses superposed on regional tectonic stresses; faulting is postulated to occur when the effective normal stress across a fault is decreased by a local increase in pore-fluid pressure. The spring quakes tend to occur when the reservoir level suddenly rises: increased pore pressure pushes apart the walls of the graben flooded by the reservoir, thus decreasing the effective normal stress across faults in the graben. The fall quakes tend to occur when the reservoir level is lowest: water that gradually infiltrated poorly permeable (fault-gouge?) zones during high reservoir stands is then under anomalously high pressure, which decreases the effective normal stress across faults in the poorly permeable zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schleicher, D., 1975, A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 393-400.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"400","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266568,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Palisades Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,42.0 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,42.0 ], [ -117.24,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51050907e4b091226576e99e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleicher, David","contributorId":49350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042935,"text":"70042935 - 1975 - Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13860,"text":"ofr7467 - 1974 - Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"ofr7467","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042935,"text":"70042935 - 1975 - Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"70042935","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:33:59","indexId":"70042935","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","docAbstract":"The ore deposits in the northern part of the Coeur d'Alene district are located within rocks of the Belt Supergroup that have been intruded by Cretaceous quartz monzonites. Lead-zinc-silver replacement veins constitute most of the deposits. The geometry of the district has been modified by post-ore faulting along the Osburn, Dobson Pass, and other faults. The original position of the Gem stocks, before their separation from the Diego Peak stocks by the Dobson Pass fault, can be approximately reconstructed by moving the truncated stocks and associated geochemical dispersion patterns back into matching positions. The known mineral belts are defined by dispersion patterns of both lead and the Pb:Zn ratio. Similar dispersion patterns of lead and the Pb:Zn ration northwest of the original position of the Gem stocks suggest that the mineral belts extend into that area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and Botbol, J.M., 1975, Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266672,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,42.0 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.0,49.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.24,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5108fd8ce4b0d965cd9f2366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gott, Garland B.","contributorId":8837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gott","given":"Garland","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, Joseph M.","contributorId":19857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042719,"text":"70042719 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14933,"text":"ofr75304 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"ofr75304","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042719,"text":"70042719 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"70042719","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T15:34:06","indexId":"70042719","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":259,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The extensive use of ground water for water supply within Dane County has resulted in the need for an appraisal of the area's ground-water resources. Water-resources planners and other water-oriented groups have expressed concern over ground-water level declines and reductions in streamflow that are occurring as a result of heavy pumping. Digital-computer modeling techniques were used to estimate hydrologic changes in the aquifer system that would be caused by continued development. The system was modeled as a two-aquifer system consisting of a confined sandstone aquifer overlain by a leaky unconfined aquifer and underlain by impermeable bedrock. The physical properties of the aquifer system needed for the model were approximated using aquifer-test data and well-log data and by matching observed hydrologic changes in the system with corresponding changes computed by the model. Computed hydrologic changes do not represent a serious depletion of the available ground-water supply for the foreseeable future. Maximum added regional declines in ground-water levels (drawdowns) from 1970 to 1990 were computed to be approximately 10 feet (3 metres) in the unconfined aquifer and approximately 40 feet (12 metres) in the confined aquifer. It is computed that for the same period the average annual streamflow from the upper Yahara River basin would be reduced by approximately 29 cubic feet per second (0.82 cubic metre per second). These changes are computed based on estimated development trends for the confined sandstone aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey in cooperation with Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"McLeod, R., 1975, A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin: Information Circular 30, vii, 40 p.; ill.; maps.","productDescription":"vii, 40 p.; ill.; maps","startPage":"i","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265976,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org/pdfs/IC30.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.8394,42.8448 ], [ -89.8394,43.2943 ], [ -89.0084,43.2943 ], [ -89.0084,42.8448 ], [ -89.8394,42.8448 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50fa7d34e4b061045bf9aba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLeod, R.S.","contributorId":7283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039601,"text":"70039601 - 1975 - Land use information and air quality planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-15T01:02:00","indexId":"70039601","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:37:31","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":360,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"Volume 7","title":"Land use information and air quality planning","docAbstract":"The pilot national land use information system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site project has provided an improved technique for estimating emissions, diffusion, and impact patterns of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter. Implementation of plans to control air quality requires land use information, which, until this time, has been inadequate. The pilot system, however, provided data for updating information on the sources of point and area emissions of SO2 and particulate matter affecting the Norfolk-Portsmouth area of Virginia for the 1971-72 winter (Dec.-Jan.-Feb.) and the annual 1972 period, and for a future annual period 1985. This emission information is used as input to the Air Quality Display Model of the Environmental Protection Agency to obtain diffusion and impact patterns for the three periods previously mentioned. The results are: (1) During the 1971-72 winter, estimated S02 amounts over an area with a SW-NE axis in the central section of Norfolk exceeded both primary and secondary levels; (2) future annual levels of SO2, estimated by anticipated residential development and point-source changes, are not expected to cause serious deterioration of the region's present air quality; and (3) for the 1971-72 winter and annual 1972 period the diffusion results showed that both primary and secondary standards for particulate matter are regularly exceeded in central Norfolk and Portsmouth. In addition, on the basis of current control programs, the 1985 levels of particulate matter are expected to exceed the presently established secondary air quality standards through central Norfolk and Portsmouth and in certain areas of Virginia Beach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039601","collaboration":"Sponsored jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reed, W.E., and Lewis, J., 1975, Land use information and air quality planning: Final Report Volume 7, iv, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039601.","productDescription":"iv, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":296,"text":"Geography Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Maryl;New Jersey;North Carolina;Pennsylvania;Virginia","city":"Norfolk;Portsmouth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,36 ], [ -78,38 ], [ -75,38 ], [ -75,36 ], [ -78,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4387e4b0c8380cd663e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Wallace E.","contributorId":30087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, John E.","contributorId":94150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70001262,"text":"70001262 - 1975 - Recent sedimentary history of Lake Monona, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T14:55:54.48551","indexId":"70001262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:32","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sedimentary history of Lake Monona, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Chemical analyses from two short cores in Lake Monona show that pronounced changes in chemical stratigraphy have occurred since white man moved into Madison and southern Wisconsin and began modifying the area. Since the mid to late 1800's, there has been an appreciable increase in P, Fe, Mn, Al, and K in the uppermost sediments. Maximum concentrations of P were observed near the turn of the century and in the most recent sediment layers.
We have mapped a 3-km wide, high heat flow anomaly with a maximum value of 30 μcalorie cm −2 s−1 within a zone of seafloor extension in the central Gulf of California. From seismic reflection data and thermal modelling we suggest that the anomaly is caused by a 1-km wide basaltic intrusion which is roughly 100 m deep and less than 18,000 yr old.
Similar precursory phenomena have been observed before earthquakes in the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and China. Two quite different physical models are used to explain these phenomena. According to a model developed by US seismologists, the so-called dilatancy diffusion model, the earthquake occurs near maximum stress, following a period of dilatant crack expansion. Diffusion of water in and out of the dilatant volume is required to explain the recovery of seismic velocity before the earthquake. According to a model developed by Soviet scientists growth of cracks is also involved but diffusion of water in and out of the focal region is not required. With this model, the earthquake is assumed to occur during a period of falling stress and recovery of velocity here is due to crack closure as stress relaxes. In general, the dilatancy diffusion model gives a peaked precursor form, whereas the dry model gives a bay form, in which recovery is well under way before the earthquake. A number of field observations should help to distinguish between the two models: study of post-earthquake recovery, time variation of stress and pore pressure in the focal region, the occurrence of pre-existing faults, and any changes in direction of precursory phenomena during the anomalous period.
Nine U-Th-Pb whole-rock analyses of selected brecciated materials from sample 72215 and one analysis of a pigeonite basalt clast from 72275 are presented. Both samples are from Boulder 1, Apollo 17. These data supplement previous Boulder 1 U-Th-Pb analyses of samples 72275 and 72255. U and Th concentrations indicate that most of the samples contain a moderate to large KREEP component. Samples containing the least KREEP are a noritic clast (72255,49; Civet Cat clast) and an anorthositic clast (72275,117). Evidence for the migration of Pb from Pb-rich matrix material into relatively Pb-poor clasts is presented for two clasts.
Most of the Boulder 1 data define a linear trend that intersects concordia at ∼ 3.9 and 4.4 b.y. when plotted on a U-Pb concordia diagram. The presence of one anorthositic clast distinctly off this trend indicates that a simple two-stage U-Pb evolution history is inadequate to explain all the data. Accordingly physical significance is only attached to the lower concordia intercept age of 3.9–4.0 b.y. The older concordia intercept age of ∼ 4.4 b.y. is interpreted to reflect an averaging of events both older and younger than 4.4 b.y.
The data suggest that significant differentiation and/or metamorphism occurred ∼ 4.2 b.y. ago. The age of this event, however, is not accurately defined by these data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00569676","issn":"00270903","usgsCitation":"Nunes, P., and Tatsumoto, M., 1975, U-Th-Pb systematics of selected samples from Apollo 17, Boulder 1, Station 2: The Moon, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569676.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"471","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00569676","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nunes, P.D.","contributorId":18487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nunes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70001237,"text":"70001237 - 1975 - Analysis of the rate of wildcat drilling and deposit discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T15:20:34.356512","indexId":"70001237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:32","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the rate of wildcat drilling and deposit discovery","docAbstract":"The rate at which petroleum deposits were discovered during a 16-yr period (1957–72) was examined in relation to changes in a suite of economic and physical variables. The study area encompasses 11,000 mi2 and is located on the eastern flank of the Powder River Basin. A two-stage multiple-regression model was used as a basis for this analysis. The variables employed in this model were: (1) the yearly wildcat drilling rate, (2) a measure of the extent of the physical exhaustion of the resource base of the region, (3) a proxy for the discovery expectation of the exploration operators active in the region, (4) an exploration price/cost ratio, and (5) the expected depths of the exploration targets sought. The rate at which wildcat wells were drilled was strongly correlated with the discovery expectation of the exploration operators. Small additional variations in the wildcat drilling rate were explained by the price/cost ratio and target-depth variables. The number of deposits discovered each year was highly dependent on the wildcat drilling rate, but the aggregate quantity of petroleum discovered each year was independent of the wildcat drilling rate. The independence between these last two variables is a consequence of the cyclical behavior of the exploration play mechanism. Although the discovery success ratio declined sharply during the initial phases of the two exploration plays which developed in the study area, a learning effect occurred whereby the discovery success ratio improved steadily with the passage of time during both exploration plays.
Lead isotopic analyses of a suite of basaltic rocks from the Juan de Fuca-Gorda Ridge and nearby seamounts confirm an isotopically heterogeneous mantle known since 1966. The process of mixing during partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle necessarily produces linear data arrays that can be interpreted as secondary isochrons. Moreover, the position of the entire lead isotope array, with respect to the geochron, requires that U/Pb and Th/Pb values are progressively increased over the age of the earth. Partial melting theory also dictates analogous behavior for the other incompatible trace elements. This process explains not only the LIL element character of MOR basalts, but also duplicates the spread of radiogenic lead data collected from alkali-rich oceanic basalts. This dynamic, open-system model of lead isotopic and chemical evolution of the mantle is believed to be the direct result of tectonic flow and convective overturn within the mantle and is compatible with geophysical models of a dynamic earth.
The continuous monitoring of surface deformation near active faults is clearly necessary for an understanding of elastic strain accumulation and elastic and anelastic strain release associated with earthquakes. Fourteen 2-component tiltmeters have been installed in shallow boreholes along 85 km of the currently most active section of the San Andreas fault in the western United States. These instruments operate at a sensitivity of 10−8 radians. Five of these tiltmeters, extending along one 35 km section of the fault, have been in operation since June 1973. The results indicate that regional tectonic tilting has occurred before more than ten individual earthquakes or groups of earthquakes with epicenters within ten earthquake source dimensions of one or more instruments. This tilting has a time scale of up to a month depending on earthquake magnitude. The amplitude of these tilts exceeds by almost an order of magnitude that expected from a dislocation model of the source using seismically determined parameters. No indication of rapid or accelerated tilt just prior to these earthquakes has been seen.
For the 1950-71 period of petroleum exploration in the Powder River Basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana, three specific topics were investigated. First, the wildcat wells drilled during the ambient phases of exploration are estimated to have discovered 2.80 times as much petroleum per well as the wildcat wells drilled during the cyclical phases of exploration, periods when exploration plays were active. Second, the hypothesis was tested and verified that during ambient phases of exploration the discovery of deposits could be anticipated by a small but statistically significant rise in the ambient drilling rate during the year prior to the year of discovery. Closer examination of the data suggests that this anticipation effect decreases through time. Third, a regression model utilizing the two independent variables of (1) the volume of petroleum contained in each deposit discovered in a cell and the directly adjacent cells and (2) the respective depths of these deposits was constructed to predict the expected yearly cyclical wildcat drilling rate in four 30 by 30 min (approximately 860 mi2) sized cells. In two of these cells relatively large volumes of petroleum were discovered, whereas in the other two cells smaller volumes were discovered. The predicted and actual rates of wildcat drilling which occurred in each cell agreed rather closely.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., 1975, Linkage effects between deposit discovery and postdiscovery exploratory drilling: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 169-179.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332f8e4b0cc79997f339a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164431,"text":"70164431 - 1975 - Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:15:44","indexId":"70164431","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"A gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle shows that a gravity low with about 10 milligals of closure coincides with the Henrys Lake basin. The low is interpreted to reflect a basin fill of 1,100 m or more of Cenozoic sediments and volcanic rock. The data indicate that on the east and probably on the west the basin is bounded by northwest- and north-trending faults, and near its waist by the east-trending Centennial fault. A model constructed across the Henrys Lake basin suggests a northwest-trending fault, located near the southeast corner of Henrys Lake and concealed beneath the basin fill. The sparse gravity data east of the Centennial Mountains are not sufficient to provide any evidence on the extension of the Centennial fault across the Henrys Lake basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., and Witkind, I.J., 1975, Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Henrys Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 44.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","edition":"223","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33320e4b0cc79997f3420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkind, Irving J.","contributorId":14469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164430,"text":"70164430 - 1975 - Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:07:18","indexId":"70164430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana","docAbstract":"Cylindrical joints are well displayed in two Precambrian mafic dikes that cut granitic gneiss in the central Beartooth Mountains, Mont. The dikes are vertical and about 23 m (75 ft) and 23 to 46 m (75-150 ft) thick, respectively. The cylindrical joints are perpendicular to the dike walls, and the cylinders defined by the joints are as much as 5 m (16 ft) in diameter. No petrographic, textural, or other features related to or possibly responsible for the joints are recognized. The dikes are chemically and petrographically similar to quartz dolerite dikes found throughout the Beartooth Mountains. Some of these dikes show typical polygonal columnar joints; a few others have cylindrical jointing, but in most dikes neither kind of jointing was observed. The orientation of the cylindrical joints normal to the walls of the dikes indicates that they probably formed by thermal contraction during post-crystallization cooling of the dikes and are thus genetically related to the much more common polygonal jointing. However, the model proposed to explain the cylindrical joints suggests that their origin is partly dependent on the geometric relation between the orientation of the dikes and that of the predike fracture pattern in the host rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T.J., and Simons, F.S., 1975, Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 213-221.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"221","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Beartooth Mountains, Mystic Mountain, Whitetail Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332eae4b0cc79997f3310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, Theodore J.","contributorId":31376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, Frank S.","contributorId":42203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010267,"text":"70010267 - 1975 - The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:59:15.010756","indexId":"70010267","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite","docAbstract":"This study of the Pikes Peak batholith includes the mineralogy and petrology of quartz syenite at West Creek and of fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free biotite granite near Mount Rosa; major element chemistry of the batholith; comparisons with similar postorogenic, intracratonic, sodic to potassic intrusives; and genesis of the batholith.
The batholith is elongate in plan, 50 by 100 km, composite, and generally subalkalic. It was emplaced at shallow depth 1,040 m. y. ago, sharply transects its walls and may have breached its roof. Biotite granite and biotite—hornblende granite are predominant; quartz syenite, fayalite granite and riebeckite granite are present in minor amounts.
Fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free quartz syenite, fayalite-biotite granite and riebeckite granite show a well-defined sodic differentiation trend; the less sodic fayalite-free granites exhibit a broader compositional range and no sharp trends.
Crystallization was largely at PH2O < Ptotal; PH2O approached Ptotal only at late stages. Aplite residual to fayalite-free biotite granite in the north formed at about 1,500 bars, or 5 km depth. Feldspar assemblages indicate late stages of crystallization at about 720°C. In the south ilmenite and manganian fayalite indicate fO2 of 10−17 or 10−18 bars. Biotite and fayalite compositions and the ‘granite minimum’ imply completion of crystallization at about 700°C and 1,500 bars. Nearby fayalite-free biotite granite crystallized at higher water fugacity.
All types of syenite and granite contain 5–6% K2O through a range of SiO2 of 63–76%. Average Na2O percentages in quartz syenite are 6.2, fayalite granite 4.2, and fayalite-free granite 3.3 MgO contents are low, 0.03–0.4%; FeO averages 1.9–2.5%. FeO/Fe2O3 ratios are high. Fluorine ranges from 0.3 to 0.6%.
The Pikes Peak intrusives are similar in mode of emplacement, composition, and probably genesis to rapakivi intrusives of Finland, the Younger Granites of Nigeria, Cape Ann Granite and Beverly Syenite, Mass., and syenite of Kungnat, Greenland, among others — allowing for different levels of erosion. A suite that includes gabbro or basalt, anorthosite, quartz syenite, fayalite granite, riebeckite granite, and biotite and/or hornblende granites is of worldwide occurrence.
A model is proposed in which mantle-derived, convecting alkali olivine basaltic magma first reacts with K2O-poor lower crust of granulite facies to produce magma of quartz syenitic composition. The syenitic liquid in turn reacts with granodioritic to granitic intermediate crust of amphibolite facies to produce the predominant fayalite-free biotite and biotite-hornblende granites of the batholith. This reaction of magma and roof involves both partial melting and the reconstitution and precipitation of refractory phases, as Bowen proposed. Intermediate liquids include MgO-depleted and Na2O-enriched gabbro, which precipitated anorthosite, and alkali diorite. The heat source is the basaltic magma; the heat required for partial melting of the roof is supplied largely by heats of crystallization of phases that settle out of the liquid — mostly olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(75)90001-7","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Wones, D.R., Sharp, W.N., and Desborough, G.A., 1975, The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite: Precambrian Research, v. 2, no. 2, p. 99-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(75)90001-7.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -105.040283203125,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -105.040283203125,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 37.4530574713902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba885e4b08c986b321cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wones, D. R.","contributorId":104079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, W. N.","contributorId":21958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":14933,"text":"ofr75304 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14933,"text":"ofr75304 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"ofr75304","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042719,"text":"70042719 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"70042719","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042719,"text":"70042719 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"70042719","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T15:33:30","indexId":"ofr75304","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-304","title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr75304","usgsCitation":"McLeod, R., 1975, A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-304, 91 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75304.","productDescription":"91 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLeod, R.S.","contributorId":7283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16670,"text":"ofr75529 - 1975 - Preliminary report on the reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16670,"text":"ofr75529 - 1975 - Preliminary report on the reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","indexId":"ofr75529","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32578,"text":"pp1074 - 1979 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","indexId":"pp1074","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":32578,"text":"pp1074 - 1979 - Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","indexId":"pp1074","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T17:14:24.598902","indexId":"ofr75529","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-529","title":"Preliminary report on the reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards","docAbstract":"Yakutat, situated about 225 miles northwest of Juneau, Alaska, near the shores of the Gulf of Alaska, has a setting that calls for superlatives. Within the Yakutat region are some of the tallest mountains, some of the heaviest snowfalls, and the largest glacier in North America. Between the abrupt mountain front and the Gulf of Alaska lies a very gently sloping plain of outwash derived from repeated cycles of advance followed by melt and retreat of glaciers during the Quaternary Period. The latest melting probably took place 500 to 600 years ago. Yakutat is built upon the moderately steep moraine that is the product of melting of one of these glaciers. Near Yakutat, surficial deposits are as much as 700 feet thick and probably overlie siltstone, sandstone, and mudstone. The eight general categories of mapped surficial deposits include artificial fill, organic, eolian, beach, delta-estuarine, alluvial, and outwash deposits, and deposits of the outer Yakutat Bay moraine complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75529","usgsCitation":"Yehle, L.A., 1975, Preliminary report on the reconnaissance engineering geology of the Yakutat area, Alaska, with emphasis on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-529, Report: iv, 136 p.; 2 Plates: 17.55 x 23.84 inches and 23.76 x 22.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75529.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 136 p.; 2 Plates: 17.55 x 23.84 inches and 23.76 x 22.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419431,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0529/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419430,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0529/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":419427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0529/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0529/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yakutat area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.46791499075454,\n 59.89062741426659\n ],\n [\n -140.46791499075454,\n 59.494396417496176\n ],\n [\n -139.5015327447604,\n 59.494396417496176\n ],\n [\n -139.5015327447604,\n 59.89062741426659\n ],\n [\n -140.46791499075454,\n 59.89062741426659\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yehle, Lynn A. yehle@usgs.gov","contributorId":3794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yehle","given":"Lynn","email":"yehle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":173258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12839,"text":"ofr75393 - 1975 - Abundances of uranium, thorium, and potassium for some Australian crystalline rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-01T14:52:19","indexId":"ofr75393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-393","title":"Abundances of uranium, thorium, and potassium for some Australian crystalline rocks","docAbstract":"This report contains a tabulation of the basic radioelement and radiogenic heat data obtained during an Australian National University (ANU) - United States Geological Survey (USGS) heat-flow project, directed jointly by J. C. Jaeger (ANU) and J. H. Sass (USGS). Most samples were collected during the periods June through September, 1971 and 1972. The measurements were made subsequently by two of us (C. M. Bunker and C. A. Bush) using the gamma-ray spec trometric techniques described by Bunker and Bush (1966, 1967). Interpreting the spectra for quantitative analyses of the radioelements was accomplished with an iterative leastsquares computer program modified from one by Schonfeld (1966). Uranium content determined by gamma-ray spectrometry is based on a measurement of the daughter products of 226Ra. Equilibrium in the uranium-decay series was assumed for these analyses . Throughout the report, when U content is stated, radium-equivalent uranium is implied. The coefficient of variation for the accuracy of the radioelement data, when compared to ana lyses by isotope dilution and flame photometry is about 3 percent for radium-equivalent uranium and thorium and about 1 percent for potassium. These percentages are in addition to minimum standard deviations of about 0.05 ppm for U and Th, and about 0.03 percent for K.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75393","usgsCitation":"Bunker, C.M., Bush, C.A., Munroe, R.J., and Sass, J., 1975, Abundances of uranium, thorium, and potassium for some Australian crystalline rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-393, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75393.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr75393.PNG"},{"id":309450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0393/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Australia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[145.39798,-40.79255],[146.36412,-41.1377],[146.90858,-41.00055],[147.68926,-40.80826],[148.28907,-40.87544],[148.35986,-42.06245],[148.0173,-42.40702],[147.91405,-43.21152],[147.56456,-42.93769],[146.87034,-43.6346],[146.66333,-43.58085],[146.04838,-43.54974],[145.43193,-42.69378],[145.29509,-42.03361],[144.71807,-41.16255],[144.74375,-40.70398],[145.39798,-40.79255]]],[[[143.56181,-13.76366],[143.9221,-14.54831],[144.56371,-14.17118],[144.89491,-14.59446],[145.37472,-14.98498],[145.27199,-15.42821],[145.48526,-16.28567],[145.63703,-16.78492],[145.8889,-16.90693],[146.16031,-17.76165],[146.06367,-18.28007],[146.38748,-18.95827],[147.47108,-19.48072],[148.1776,-19.95594],[148.84841,-20.39121],[148.71747,-20.63347],[149.28942,-21.26051],[149.67834,-22.34251],[150.07738,-22.12278],[150.48294,-22.55614],[150.72727,-22.4024],[150.89955,-23.46224],[151.60918,-24.07626],[152.07354,-24.45789],[152.8552,-25.2675],[153.13616,-26.07117],[153.16195,-26.64132],[153.09291,-27.2603],[153.56947,-28.11007],[153.51211,-28.99508],[153.3391,-29.4582],[153.06924,-30.35024],[153.0896,-30.92364],[152.89158,-31.64045],[152.45,-32.55],[151.70912,-33.04134],[151.34397,-33.81602],[151.01056,-34.31036],[150.71414,-35.17346],[150.32822,-35.67188],[150.07521,-36.42021],[149.94612,-37.10905],[149.99728,-37.42526],[149.42388,-37.77268],[148.30462,-37.80906],[147.38173,-38.21922],[146.92212,-38.60653],[146.31792,-39.03576],[145.48965,-38.59377],[144.87698,-38.41745],[145.03221,-37.89619],[144.48568,-38.08532],[143.60997,-38.80947],[142.74543,-38.53827],[142.17833,-38.38003],[141.60658,-38.30851],[140.63858,-38.01933],[139.99216,-37.40294],[139.80659,-36.6436],[139.57415,-36.13836],[139.08281,-35.73275],[138.12075,-35.6123],[138.44946,-35.12726],[138.20756,-34.38472],[137.71917,-35.07683],[136.82941,-35.26053],[137.35237,-34.70734],[137.50389,-34.13027],[137.89012,-33.64048],[137.81033,-32.90001],[136.99684,-33.75277],[136.37207,-34.09477],[135.98904,-34.89012],[135.20821,-34.47867],[135.23922,-33.94795],[134.61342,-33.22278],[134.0859,-32.84807],[134.2739,-32.61723],[132.99078,-32.01122],[132.28808,-31.98265],[131.32633,-31.4958],[129.53579,-31.59042],[128.24094,-31.94849],[127.10287,-32.28227],[126.14871,-32.21597],[125.08862,-32.72875],[124.22165,-32.95949],[124.02895,-33.48385],[123.65967,-33.89018],[122.81104,-33.91447],[122.18306,-34.0034],[121.29919,-33.82104],[120.58027,-33.93018],[119.8937,-33.97607],[119.2989,-34.50937],[119.00734,-34.46415],[118.50572,-34.74682],[118.02497,-35.06473],[117.29551,-35.02546],[116.62511,-35.0251],[115.56435,-34.38643],[115.02681,-34.19652],[115.04862,-33.62343],[115.54512,-33.48726],[115.71467,-33.25957],[115.67938,-32.90037],[115.80165,-32.20506],[115.68961,-31.61244],[115.16091,-30.60159],[114.99704,-30.03072],[115.04004,-29.4611],[114.64197,-28.81023],[114.6165,-28.5164],[114.17358,-28.11808],[114.04888,-27.33477],[113.4775,-26.54313],[113.33895,-26.11655],[113.77836,-26.54903],[113.44096,-25.62128],[113.9369,-25.91123],[114.23285,-26.29845],[114.21616,-25.78628],[113.72126,-24.99894],[113.62534,-24.68397],[113.39352,-24.38476],[113.50204,-23.80635],[113.70699,-23.56022],[113.84342,-23.05999],[113.73655,-22.47548],[114.14976,-21.75588],[114.22531,-22.51749],[114.64776,-21.82952],[115.46017,-21.49517],[115.94737,-21.06869],[116.71162,-20.70168],[117.16632,-20.6236],[117.44155,-20.7469],[118.22956,-20.37421],[118.83609,-20.26331],[118.98781,-20.0442],[119.25249,-19.95294],[119.80523,-19.97651],[120.85622,-19.68371],[121.39986,-19.23976],[121.65514,-18.70532],[122.24167,-18.19765],[122.28662,-17.7986],[122.31277,-17.25497],[123.01257,-16.4052],[123.43379,-17.26856],[123.85934,-17.06904],[123.50324,-16.59651],[123.81707,-16.11132],[124.25829,-16.32794],[124.37973,-15.56706],[124.92615,-15.0751],[125.16728,-14.6804],[125.67009,-14.51007],[125.6858,-14.23066],[126.12515,-14.34734],[126.14282,-14.09599],[126.58259,-13.95279],[127.06587,-13.81797],[127.80463,-14.27691],[128.35969,-14.86917],[128.98554,-14.87599],[129.62147,-14.96978],[129.4096,-14.42067],[129.88864,-13.6187],[130.33947,-13.35738],[130.18351,-13.10752],[130.6178,-12.53639],[131.22349,-12.18365],[131.73509,-12.30245],[132.5753,-12.11404],[132.55721,-11.60301],[131.8247,-11.27378],[132.35722,-11.12852],[133.01956,-11.37641],[133.55085,-11.78652],[134.39307,-12.04237],[134.67863,-11.94118],[135.29849,-12.24861],[135.88269,-11.96227],[136.25838,-12.04934],[136.49248,-11.85721],[136.95162,-12.35196],[136.68512,-12.88722],[136.30541,-13.29123],[135.96176,-13.32451],[136.07762,-13.72428],[135.78384,-14.22399],[135.42866,-14.71543],[135.50018,-14.99774],[136.29517,-15.55026],[137.06536,-15.87076],[137.58047,-16.21508],[138.30322,-16.8076],[138.58516,-16.80662],[139.10854,-17.06268],[139.26057,-17.3716],[140.21525,-17.7108],[140.87546,-17.36907],[141.07111,-16.83205],[141.2741,-16.38887],[141.39822,-15.84053],[141.70218,-15.04492],[141.56338,-14.56133],[141.63552,-14.27039],[141.51987,-13.69808],[141.65092,-12.94469],[141.84269,-12.74155],[141.68699,-12.40761],[141.92863,-11.87747],[142.11849,-11.32804],[142.14371,-11.04274],[142.51526,-10.66819],[142.79731,-11.15735],[142.86676,-11.78471],[143.11595,-11.90563],[143.15863,-12.32566],[143.52212,-12.83436],[143.59716,-13.40042],[143.56181,-13.76366]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Australia\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunker, Carl Maurice","contributorId":77526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunker","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"Maurice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munroe, Robert J.","contributorId":12039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munroe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":166812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":166814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16362,"text":"ofr7564 - 1975 - Self-calibrating seismic amplifier and telemetry system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-30T14:40:54","indexId":"ofr7564","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-64","title":"Self-calibrating seismic amplifier and telemetry system","docAbstract":"A frequency modulated, constant bandwidth, telemetry system has been designed to transmit simultaneously up to 8 channels of seismograph data from remote locations to a central recording site via radio or voice-grade telephone circuit. By utilizing state-of-the-art integrated circuits, the size of the remote unit has been considerably reduced over previous equipment and the power consumption has been decreased by a factor of over 100 to less than 2 milliwatts. This reduction in size and power makes it possible to package the electronic equipment, together with a year's supply of batteries, in a container the size of a tennis-ball can. The field equipment for a short-period station is now sealed in a 3-inch plastic tube 22 inches long . The tube, together with the connecting cable to the telephone terminal, is buried; greatly reducing losses due to water flooding, pilferage, etc. An important addition to the field unit is a daily calibration of the seismometer and amplifier.
Specifications and instructions for the three units that compose the system are presented separately, as follows:
1. J302 Preamplifier and voltage controlled oscillator
2. C-4 Calibrator
3. J101 Discriminator
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7564","usgsCitation":"Van Schaack, J.R., 1975, Self-calibrating seismic amplifier and telemetry system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-64, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7564.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0064/ofr7564_report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0064/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Schaack, John R.","contributorId":61040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Schaack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16394,"text":"ofr75131 - 1975 - Computer program to simulate the salt balance between the north and south parts of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-03T14:13:57","indexId":"ofr75131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-131","title":"Computer program to simulate the salt balance between the north and south parts of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"This report presents a computer simulation program that was used by Waddell and Bolke (1973) to predict the salt balance between the north and south parts of Great Salt Lake, Utah, for either existing or modified culvert openings (fig. 1). The development of the program, its accuracy and limitations, are described in the above report, which was prepared as part of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey. Users of this program should consider it an addendum to the report by Waddell and Bolke (1973).
Although this program has been tested by its contributor, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the contributor or the Government, as to the functioning of the program and related program material, nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the contributor or the Government, in connection therewith.
The FORTRAN IV program listing (table 1) defines the constants and variables necessary for understanding the mechanics and the output from the program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr75131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., and Bolke, E., 1975, Computer program to simulate the salt balance between the north and south parts of Great Salt Lake, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-131, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75131.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":45361,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0131/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a77c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15524,"text":"ofr7513 - 1975 - Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15524,"text":"ofr7513 - 1975 - Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","indexId":"ofr7513","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6292,"text":"pp990 - 1976 - Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","indexId":"pp990","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6292,"text":"pp990 - 1976 - Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","indexId":"pp990","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-15T18:55:13.987298","indexId":"ofr7513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-13","title":"Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"A numerical model of a salt-wedge estuary developed by Fischer has been expanded and used to calculate the distributions of salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a concentrations, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Wash. With this model, which was calibrated and verified with observed data, computed temperatures usually agreed within 2° Celsius of observed temperatures. During a phytoplankton bloom in the summer of 1968 the computed chlorophyll a concentrations increased and decreased with the observed concentrations; however, during two blooms in 1967 the computed high concentrations persisted farther downstream and lasted a few days longer than the observed concentrations. The computed and observed dissolved-oxygen concentrations usually agreed within 2 milligrams per litre, except during phytoplankton blooms. During the blooms, the differences were often larger, especially when the computed chlorophyll a concentrations were larger than the observed concentrations.
The model was used to predict the dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Duwamish River estuary when the Renton Treatment Plant sewage-effluent discharge is increased to its proposed maximum of 223 cubic feet per second (6.31 cubic metres per second). The computed monthly average dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the estuary decreased by a maximum of 2 milligrams per litre when compared with computations for the summer of 1971, when the effluent discharge averaged 37 cubic feet per second (1.05 cubic metres per second). The increase in effluent discharge is not expected to cause large changes in phytoplankton concentrations in the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7513","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle","usgsCitation":"Prych, E.A., Haushild, W., and Stoner, J., 1975, Numerical model of the salt-wedge reach of the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-13, xv, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7513.","productDescription":"xv, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431097,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County","otherGeospatial":"Duwamish River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.37817060827994,\n 47.59581100314665\n ],\n [\n -122.37817060827994,\n 47.50682160819531\n ],\n [\n -122.30014940273702,\n 47.50682160819531\n ],\n [\n -122.30014940273702,\n 47.59581100314665\n ],\n [\n -122.37817060827994,\n 47.59581100314665\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prych, Edmund A.","contributorId":38139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haushild, W.L.","contributorId":48953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haushild","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13577,"text":"ofr75453 - 1975 - Water availability of Blount County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr75453","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-453","title":"Water availability of Blount County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Ground water is obtained mostly from limestone and dolomite aquifers along the Sequatchie anticline and Murphrees Valley anticline and. from sandstone aquifers in Sand Mountain and Blount Mountain synclinal areas. Wells tapping some limestone and dolomite aquifers produce as much as 1.4 mgd (million gallons per day). Wells completed in sandstone of the Pottsville Formation underlying lower topographic areas may produce as much as 0.3 mgd, but those completed in sandstone underlying higher topographic areas produce lesser quantities. \r\n\r\nSurface-water resources were appraised by use of average flow and 7-day Q2 (median annual 7-day minimum flow).An average flow of about 640 mgd or about 1 mgd per square mile originates in the county. Streamflow during low flow conditions is small; only three streams have 7-day Q2's that exceed 2 mgd. Estimates of storage requirements are provided for sustained draft rates of 25 to 50 percent of the average flow.\r\n\r\nWater from aquifers and streams in Blount County is generally of suitable chemical quality for most uses. Water from the Pottsville Formation generally contains iron in excess of 0.3 mg/l (milligrams per liter) and water from limestone and dolomite aquifers and from some streams during low flows is moderately hard to hard and may need treatment for certain uses. \r\n\r\nWater use in the county was about 3.2 mgd in 1968 and 46 mgd was diverted for use outside the county.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75453","usgsCitation":"Faust, R.J., and Harkins, J.R., 1975, Water availability of Blount County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-453, 23 leaves :ill., maps (some col.) ;31 cm.; (43 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75453.","productDescription":"23 leaves :ill., maps (some col.) ;31 cm.; (43 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0453/plate-1.pdf","size":"11531","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95146,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0453/plate-2.pdf","size":"6847","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0453/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0453/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, Robert J.","contributorId":21553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harkins, Joe R.","contributorId":28982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harkins","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39596,"text":"pp917 - 1975 - A numerical model of material transport in salt-wedge estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:18","indexId":"pp917","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"917","title":"A numerical model of material transport in salt-wedge estuaries","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp917","usgsCitation":"Fischer, H.B., Stoner, J., Haushild, W., and McConnell, J.B., 1975, A numerical model of material transport in salt-wedge estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 917, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp917.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0917/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0917/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Hugo B.","contributorId":36542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haushild, W.L.","contributorId":48953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haushild","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McConnell, J. B.","contributorId":25577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}