{"pageNumber":"1586","pageRowStart":"39625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184553,"records":[{"id":70041946,"text":"70041946 - 2012 - Large-scale monitoring of shorebird populations using count data and N-mixture models: Black Oystercatcher (<i>Haematopus bachmani</i>) surveys by land and sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:46:12","indexId":"70041946","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale monitoring of shorebird populations using count data and N-mixture models: Black Oystercatcher (<i>Haematopus bachmani</i>) surveys by land and sea","docAbstract":"Large-scale monitoring of bird populations is often based on count data collected across spatial scales that may include multiple physiographic regions and habitat types. Monitoring at large spatial scales may require multiple survey platforms (e.g., from boats and land when monitoring coastal species) and multiple survey methods. It becomes especially important to explicitly account for detection probability when analyzing count data that have been collected using multiple survey platforms or methods. We evaluated a new analytical framework, <i>N</i>-mixture models, to estimate actual abundance while accounting for multiple detection biases. During May 2006, we made repeated counts of Black Oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus bachmani</i>) from boats in the Puget Sound area of Washington (<i>n</i> = 55 sites) and from land along the coast of Oregon (<i>n</i> = 56 sites). We used a Bayesian analysis of N-mixture models to (1) assess detection probability as a function of environmental and survey covariates and (2) estimate total Black Oystercatcher abundance during the breeding season in the two regions. Probability of detecting individuals during boat-based surveys was 0.75 (95% credible interval: 0.42–0.91) and was not influenced by tidal stage. Detection probability from surveys conducted on foot was 0.68 (0.39–0.90); the latter was not influenced by fog, wind, or number of observers but was ~35% lower during rain. The estimated population size was 321 birds (262–511) in Washington and 311 (276–382) in Oregon. N-mixture models provide a flexible framework for modeling count data and covariates in large-scale bird monitoring programs designed to understand population change.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2012.11253","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J., Andrew, R.J., Thomas, S.M., Elliott-Smith, E., Evenson, J.R., Kelly, E.G., Milner, R.L., Nysewander, D.R., and Andres, B.A., 2012, Large-scale monitoring of shorebird populations using count data and N-mixture models: Black Oystercatcher (<i>Haematopus bachmani</i>) surveys by land and sea: The Auk, v. 129, no. 4, p. 645-652, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11253.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"652","ipdsId":"IP-037900","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","volume":"129","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d4cc56e4b0c6073c90208e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrew, Royle J.","contributorId":69800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrew","given":"Royle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Susan M.","contributorId":15452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott-Smith, Elise eelliott-smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott-Smith","given":"Elise","email":"eelliott-smith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evenson, Joseph R.","contributorId":62481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Elizabeth G.","contributorId":99847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Milner, Ruth L.","contributorId":48061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nysewander, David R.","contributorId":23036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":68811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70041873,"text":"ofr20121267 - 2012 - A standard operating procedure for the surgical implantation of transmitters in juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T13:58:11","indexId":"ofr20121267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1267","title":"A standard operating procedure for the surgical implantation of transmitters in juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"Biotelemetry is a useful tool to monitor the movements of animals and is widely applied in fisheries research. Radio or acoustic technology can be used, depending on the study design and the environmental conditions in the study area. A broad definition of telemetry also includes the use of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, either separately or with a radio or acoustic transmitter. To use telemetry, fish must be equipped with a transmitter. Although there are several attachment procedures available, surgical implantation of transmitters in the abdominal cavity is recognized as the best technique for long-term telemetry studies in general (Stasko and Pincock, 1977; Winter, 1996; Jepsen, 2003), and specifically for juvenile salmonids, <i>Oncorhynchus spp.</i> (Adams and others, 1998a, 1998b; Martinelli and others, 1998; Hall and others, 2009). Studies that use telemetry assume that the processes by which the animals are captured, handled, and tagged, as well as the act of carrying the transmitter, will have minimal effect on their behavior and performance. This assumption, commonly stated as a lack of transmitter effects, must be valid if telemetry studies are to describe accurately the movements and behavior of an entire population of interest, rather than the subset of that population that carries transmitters. This document describes a standard operating procedure (SOP) for surgical implantation of radio or acoustic transmitters in juvenile salmonids. The procedures were developed from a broad base of published information, laboratory experiments, and practical experience in tagging thousands of fish for numerous studies of juvenile salmon movements near Columbia River and Snake River hydroelectric dams. Staff from the Western Fisheries Research Center's Columbia River Research Laboratory (CRRL) frequently have used telemetry studies to evaluate new structures or operations at hydroelectric dams in the Columbia River Basin, and these evaluations typically require large numbers of tagged fish. For example, a study conducted at the dams on the Columbia River and funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers required tagging and monitoring of 40,000 juvenile salmon during a 3-month migration period (Counihan and others, 2006a, 2006b; Perry and others, 2006). To meet the demands of such a large study, the authors and CRRL staff refined the SOP to increase efficiency in the tagging process while maintaining high standards of fish care. The SOP has been used in laboratory and field settings for more than 15 years, and consistently has produced low mortality rates (<1 percent) and transmitter loss rates (<0.01 percent) in the 24-36 hours after tagging. In addition to describing the detailed surgical procedures required for transmitter implantation, this document provides guidance on fish collection, handling and holding, and the release of tagged fish. Although often overlooked, or at least underemphasized, these processes can have a large impact on the outcome of the tagging procedure. Stress associated with the individual steps in handling and tagging can be cumulative and lethal (Maule and others, 1988; Wedemeyer and others, 1990; Portz and others, 2006), so the goal is to provide the best possible fish care at every step in order to manage the overall effect on study fish.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121267","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T., Beeman, J., and Gee, L., 2012, A standard operating procedure for the surgical implantation of transmitters in juvenile salmonids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1267, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121267.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1267.jpg"},{"id":264110,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1267/"},{"id":264111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1267/pdf/ofr20121267.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b7be4b08b071e771b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, L.P.","contributorId":50062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041820,"text":"sim3151 - 2012 - Geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains including nearby groundwater discharge sites in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T12:11:45","indexId":"sim3151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3151","title":"Geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains including nearby groundwater discharge sites in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"This 1:50,000-scale geologic map covers the southern part of the Funeral Mountains, and adjoining parts of four structural basins—Furnace Creek, Amargosa Valley, Opera House, and central Death Valley—in California and Nevada. It extends over three full 7.5-minute quadrangles, and parts of eleven others—an area of about 1,000 square kilometers (km2). The boundaries of this map were drawn to include all of the known proximal hydrogeologic features that may affect the flow of groundwater that discharges from springs of the Furnace Creek basin, in the west-central part of the map. These springs provide the main potable water supply for Death Valley National Park. Major hydrogeologic features shown on this map include: (1) springs of the Furnace Creek basin, (2) a large Pleistocene groundwater discharge mound in the northeastern part of the map, (3) the exposed extent of limestones and dolomites that constitute the Paleozoic carbonate aquifer, and (4) the exposed extent of the alluvial conglomerates that constitute the Funeral Formation aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Inyo County, California, Yucca Mountain Repository Assessment Office.  One of the two maps is without shaded relief.","usgsCitation":"Fridrich, C.J., Thompson, R.A., Slate, J.L., Berry, M.E., and Machette, M.N., 2012, Geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains including nearby groundwater discharge sites in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3151, Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 2 Maps: 64.28 x 39.03 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3151.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 2 Maps: 64.28 x 39.03 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"27","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3151.gif"},{"id":264071,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/SIM3151_map.pdf"},{"id":264069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/"},{"id":264072,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/SIM3151_map_NSR.pdf"},{"id":264070,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/SIM3151_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":264073,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/downloads/"},{"id":264074,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/downloads/00README.txt"},{"id":264075,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/downloads/SIM3151.met"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.883333,36.308333 ], [ -116.883333,36.558333 ], [ -116.375,36.558333 ], [ -116.375,36.308333 ], [ -116.883333,36.308333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d04976e4b0d83991d1568e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fridrich, C. J.","contributorId":15652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slate, J. L.","contributorId":97039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, M. E.","contributorId":78817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041849,"text":"ofr20121217 - 2012 - Quaternary geologic map of the Glasgow 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-26T14:47:22","indexId":"ofr20121217","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1217","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Glasgow 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The Glasgow quadrangle encompasses approximately 16,084 km<sup>2</sup> (6,210 mi<sup>2</sup>). The northern boundary is the Montana/Saskatchewan (U.S./Canada) boundary. The quadrangle is in the Northern Plains physiographic province and it includes the Boundary Plateau, Peerless Plateau, and Larb Hills. The primary river is the Milk River.\n\nThe map units are surficial deposits and materials, not landforms. Deposits that comprise some constructional landforms (for example, ground-moraine deposits, end-moraine deposits, and stagnation-moraine deposits, all composed of till) are distinguished for purposes of reconstruction of glacial history. Surficial deposits and materials are assigned to 23 map units on the basis of genesis, age, lithology or composition, texture or particle size, and other physical, chemical, and engineering characteristics. It is not a map of soils that are recognized in pedology or agronomy. Rather, it is a generalized map of soils recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which pedologic or agronomic soils are formed. Glaciotectonic (ice-thrust) structures and deposits are mapped separately, represented by a symbol. The surficial deposits are glacial, ice-contact, glaciofluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, eolian, colluvial, and mass-movement deposits. Residuum, a surficial material, also is mapped. \n\nTill of late Wisconsin age is represented by three map units. Till of Illinoian age is also represented locally but is widespread in the subsurface.\n\nThis map was prepared to serve as a database for compilation of a Quaternary geologic map of the United States and Canada (scale 1:1,000,000). Letter symbols for the map units are those used for the same units in the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., Colton, R.B., and Bush, C.A., 2012, Quaternary geologic map of the Glasgow 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1217, Map: 52 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121217.","productDescription":"Map: 52 x 36 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1217.gif"},{"id":264085,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1217/downloads/"},{"id":264083,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1217/"},{"id":264084,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1217/OF12_1217_508.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Milk River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,48.0 ], [ -108.0,49.0 ], [ -106.0,49.0 ], [ -106.0,48.0 ], [ -108.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4989ae4b0e8fec6cd9d2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, David S. fullerton@usgs.gov","contributorId":448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"David","email":"fullerton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colton, Roger B.","contributorId":17967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041461,"text":"70041461 - 2012 - Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:45:42","indexId":"70041461","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","docAbstract":"The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and <sup>14</sup>C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) <sup>14</sup>C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470–1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470–1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4–6 km<sup>3</sup> ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4–6 km3. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Rose, T.R., Fiske, R.S., and McGeehin, J., 2012, Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 215-216, p. 8-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-028859","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"215-216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c59e4b08b071e771b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041821,"text":"ofr20121257 - 2012 - Reconnaissance soil geochemistry at the Riverton Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Site, Fremont County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:21:42.065777","indexId":"ofr20121257","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1257","title":"Reconnaissance soil geochemistry at the Riverton Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Site, Fremont County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Soil samples were collected and chemically analyzed from the Riverton Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Site, which lies within the Wind River Indian Reservation in Fremont County, Wyoming. Nineteen soil samples from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters were collected in August 2011 from the site. The samples were sieved to less than 2 millimeters and analyzed for 44 major and trace elements following a near-total multi-acid extraction. Soil pH was also determined. The geochemical data were compared to a background dataset consisting of 160 soil samples previously collected from the same depth throughout the State of Wyoming as part of another ongoing study by the U.S. Geological Survey. Risk from potentially toxic elements in soil from the site to biologic receptors and humans was estimated by comparing the concentration of these elements with soil screening values established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. All 19 samples exceeded the carcinogenic human health screening level for arsenic in residential soils of 0.39 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), which represents a one-in-one-million cancer risk (median arsenic concentration in the study area is 2.7 mg/kg). All 19 samples also exceeded the lead and vanadium screening levels for birds. Eighteen of the 19 samples exceeded the manganese screening level for plants, 13 of the 19 samples exceeded the antimony screening level for mammals, and 10 of 19 samples exceeded the zinc screening level for birds. However, these exceedances are also found in soils at most locations in the Wyoming Statewide soil database, and elevated concentrations alone are not necessarily cause for alarm. Uranium and thorium, two other elements of environmental concern, are elevated in soils at the site as compared to the Wyoming dataset, but no human or ecological soil screening levels have been established for these elements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121257","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Sweat, M.J., 2012, Reconnaissance soil geochemistry at the Riverton Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Site, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1257, Report: iv, 23 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121257.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-08-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264080,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1257.gif"},{"id":264079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1257/Appendix%201.xlsx"},{"id":264078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1257/OF12-1257.pdf"},{"id":264077,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1257/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Fremont","otherGeospatial":"Riverton Uranium Mill","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.420833,42.975 ], [ -108.420833,43.25 ], [ -108.383333,43.25 ], [ -108.383333,42.975 ], [ -108.420833,42.975 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d0498ce4b0d83991d15696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweat, Michael J. mjsweat@usgs.gov","contributorId":356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"Michael","email":"mjsweat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044447,"text":"70044447 - 2012 - The discourses of incidents: Cougars on Mt. Elden and in Sabino Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T13:20:38","indexId":"70044447","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3098,"text":"Policy Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The discourses of incidents: Cougars on Mt. Elden and in Sabino Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Incidents are relatively short periods of intensified discourse that arise from public responses to symbolically important actions by public officials, and an important part of the conflict that increasingly surrounds state wildlife management in the West. In an effort to better understand incidents as a facet of this conflict, we analyzed the discourses of two incidents in Arizona that were precipitated by the intended removal of cougars by managers in response to public safety concerns. We used newspaper content, 1999–2007, to elucidate seminal patterns of public discourses and discourse coalitions as well as differences in discursive focus between incident periods and background periods. Cougars were mentioned in newspaper articles 13–33 times more often during incidents compared with background periods. State wildlife agency commissioners and hunters were part of a discourse coalition that advocated killing cougars to solve problems, blamed cougars and those who promoted the animals’ intrinsic value and sought to retain power to define and solve cougar-related problems. Personnel from affected state and federal agencies expressed a similar discourse. Environmentalists, animal protection activists, and some elected officials were of a coalition that defined “the problem” primarily in terms of people’s behaviors, including behaviors associated with current institutional arrangements. This discourse advocated decentralizing power over cougar management. The discourses reflected different preferences for the allocations of power and use of lethal versus non-lethal methods, which aligned with apparent core beliefs and participants’ enfranchisement or disenfranchisement by current state-level management power arrangements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Policy Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11077-012-9158-6","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D.J., and Clark, S., 2012, The discourses of incidents: Cougars on Mt. Elden and in Sabino Canyon, Arizona: Policy Sciences, v. 45, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-012-9158-6.","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-029461","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271475,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-012-9158-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Elden;Sabino Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.20,31.99 ], [ -112.20,35.45 ], [ -110.57,35.45 ], [ -110.57,31.99 ], [ -112.20,31.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506de4b072c16ef14b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Susan G.","contributorId":87050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Susan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041332,"text":"70041332 - 2012 - Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hiddden Markov models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T10:49:41","indexId":"70041332","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hiddden Markov models","docAbstract":"Beginning in July 2003 and lasting through September 2003, the Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park exhibited an unusual increase in ground temperature and hydrothermal activity. Using hidden Markov model theory, we identify over five million high-frequency (>15 Hz) seismic events observed at a temporary seismic station deployed in the basin in response to the increase in hydrothermal activity. The source of these seismic events is constrained to within ~100 m of the station, and produced ~3500–5500 events per hour with mean durations of ~0.35–0.45 s. The seismic event rate, air temperature, hydrologic temperatures, and surficial water flow of the geyser basin exhibited a marked diurnal pattern that was closely associated with solar thermal radiance. We interpret the source of the seismicity to be due to the collapse of small steam bubbles in the hydrothermal system, with the rate of collapse being controlled by surficial temperatures and daytime evaporation rates.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049901","usgsCitation":"Dawson, P.B., Benitez, M., Lowenstern, J.B., and Chouet, B.A., 2012, Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hiddden Markov models: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, L01304; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049901.","productDescription":"L01304; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-034503","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049901","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264046,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049901"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.75180053710938,\n              44.69611500685269\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.65292358398438,\n              44.69611500685269\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.65292358398438,\n              44.757582949615994\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.75180053710938,\n              44.757582949615994\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.75180053710938,\n              44.69611500685269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc4a79e4b00ab7c548c672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benitez, M.C.","contributorId":82144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benitez","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041412,"text":"70041412 - 2012 - Hawaiian fissure fountains 1: decoding deposits-episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:23:52","indexId":"70041412","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawaiian fissure fountains 1: decoding deposits-episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption","docAbstract":"Deposits from episode 1 of the 1969–1974 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kīlauea provide an exceptional opportunity to study processes of low intensity Hawaiian fissure fountains. Episode 1 lava flows passed through dense forest that had little impact on flow dynamics; in contrast, the pattern of spatter preservation was strongly influenced by the forest (through the formation of tree molds) and the preexisting topography. A low, near-continuous spatter rampart is present upwind and upslope, on the north side of the fissure. Most of the pyroclastic products, however, fell downwind to the south of the fissure, but little was preserved due to two processes: (1) incorporation of proximal spatter in rheomorphic lava flows 10–20 m from the vents, and (2) the downslope transport of cooler spatter falling on top of these flows beyond 20 m from vent. The lava flow field itself shows a complex history. Initially, discharge from the fissure exceeded the transport capacity of the southern drainage pathways, and lava ponded dynamically to a maximum height of 4 m for 40–120 min, until fountains began to decline. During declining discharge, lava flowed both southward away from the fissure and increasingly back into the vents. There is a clear “lava-shed” or delineation between where lava drained northwards back into the fissure, and where it continued flowing to the south. The 1969 deposits suggest that care is needed when products of less well-documented eruptions are analyzed, as postdepositional transport of spatter may preclude the formation of classic paired (symmetrical) ramparts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-012-0621-1","usgsCitation":"Parcheta, C., Houghton, B.F., and Swanson, D.A., 2012, Hawaiian fissure fountains 1: decoding deposits-episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 4, p. 1729-1743, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0621-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1729","endPage":"1743","ipdsId":"IP-031776","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0621-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.31,18.91 ], [ -178.31,28.4 ], [ -154.81,28.4 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -178.31,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc4a75e4b00ab7c548c66e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parcheta, C.E.","contributorId":97398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheta","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042180,"text":"70042180 - 2012 - Energy density of bloaters in the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T20:50:31","indexId":"70042180","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy density of bloaters in the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"We evaluated the energy density of bloaters <i>Coregonus hoyi</i> as a function of fish size across Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior in 2008–2009 and assessed how differences in energy density are related to factors such as biomass density of bloaters and availability of prey. Additional objectives were to compare energy density between sexes and to compare energy densities of bloaters in Lake Michigan between two time periods (1998–2001 and 2008–2009). For the cross-lake comparisons in 2008, energy density increased with fish total length (TL) only in Lake Michigan. Mean energy density adjusted for fish size was 8% higher in bloaters from Lake Superior than in bloaters from Lake Huron. Relative to fish in these two lakes, small (<125 mm TL) bloaters from Lake Michigan had lower energy density, whereas large (>175 mm TL) bloaters had higher energy density. In 2009, energy density increased with bloater size, and mean energy density adjusted for fish size was about 9% higher in Lake Michigan than in Lake Huron (Lake Superior was not sampled during 2009). Energy density of bloaters in Lake Huron was generally the lowest among lakes, reflecting the relatively low densities of opossum shrimp <i>Mysis diluviana</i> and the relatively high biomass of bloaters reported for that lake. Other factors, such as energy content of prey, growing season, or ontogenetic differences in energy use strategies, may also influence cross-lake variation in energy density. Mean energy density adjusted for length was 7% higher for female bloaters than for male bloaters in Lakes Michigan and Huron. In Lake Superior, energy density did not differ between males and females. Finally, energy density of bloaters in Lake Michigan was similar between the periods 2008–2009 and 1998–2001, possibly due to a low population abundance of bloaters, which could offset food availability changes linked to the loss of prey such as the amphipods <i>Diporeia</i> spp.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.675911","usgsCitation":"Pothoven, S.A., Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Gorman, O.T., and Roseman, E., 2012, Energy density of bloaters in the upper Great Lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 3, p. 772-780, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675911.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"772","endPage":"780","ipdsId":"IP-034132","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264936,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675911"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan;Lake Huron;Lake Superior","volume":"141","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cff4e4b0a4aa5bb0aed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B.","contributorId":14360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041805,"text":"70041805 - 2012 - Noise suppression in surface microseismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:40:24.047357","indexId":"70041805","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Noise suppression in surface microseismic data","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>We introduce a passive noise suppression technique, based on the τ −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>transform. In the τ −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>domain, one can separate microseismic events from surface noise based on distinct characteristics that are not visible in the time-offset domain. By applying the inverse τ −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>transform to the separated microseismic event, we suppress the surface noise in the data. Our technique significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratios of the microseismic events and is superior to existing techniques for passive noise suppression in the sense that it preserves the waveform.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><p>We introduce a passive noise suppression technique, based on the τ −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>transform. In the τ −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>domain, one can separate microseismic events from surface noise based on distinct characteristics that are not visible in the time-offset domain. By applying the inverse τ −<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span>transform to the separated microseismic event, we suppress the surface noise in the data. Our technique significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratios of the microseismic events and is superior to existing techniques for passive noise suppression in the sense that it preserves the waveform.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1190/tle31121496.1","usgsCitation":"Forghani-Arani, F., Batzle, M., Behura, J., Willis, M., Haines, S.S., and Davidson, M., 2012, Noise suppression in surface microseismic data: The Leading Edge, v. 31, no. 12, p. 1496-1501, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle31121496.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1496","endPage":"1501","ipdsId":"IP-039600","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc4a81e4b00ab7c548c676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forghani-Arani, Farnoush","contributorId":7588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forghani-Arani","given":"Farnoush","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batzle, Mike","contributorId":102766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batzle","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Behura, Jyoti","contributorId":103948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behura","given":"Jyoti","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, Mark","contributorId":10309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davidson, Michael","contributorId":65360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041795,"text":"70041795 - 2012 - Significant earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system, Hispaniola, 1500-2010: Implications for seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:56:09","indexId":"70041795","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significant earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system, Hispaniola, 1500-2010: Implications for seismic hazard","docAbstract":"Historical records indicate frequent seismic activity along the north-east Caribbean plate boundary over the past 500 years, particularly on the island of Hispaniola. We use accounts of historical earthquakes to assign intensities and the intensity assignments for the 2010 Haiti earthquakes to derive an intensity attenuation relation for Hispaniola. The intensity assignments and the attenuation relation are used in a grid search to find source locations and magnitudes that best fit the intensity assignments. Here we describe a sequence of devastating earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system in the eighteenth century. An intensity magnitude <i>M</i><sub>I</sub> 6.6 earthquake in 1701 occurred near the location of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the accounts of the shaking in the 1701 earthquake are similar to those of the 2010 earthquake. A series of large earthquakes migrating from east to west started with the 18 October 1751 <i>M</i><sub>I</sub> 7.4–7.5 earthquake, probably located near the eastern end of the fault in the Dominican Republic, followed by the 21 November 1751 <i>M</i><sub>I</sub> 6.6 earthquake near Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and the 3 June 1770 <i>M</i><sub>I</sub> 7.5 earthquake west of the 2010 earthquake rupture. The 2010 Haiti earthquake may mark the beginning of a new cycle of large earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system after 240 years of seismic quiescence. The entire Enriquillo fault system appears to be seismically active; Haiti and the Dominican Republic should prepare for future devastating earthquakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110077","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Flores, C.H., and ten Brink, U., 2012, Significant earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system, Hispaniola, 1500-2010: Implications for seismic hazard: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 1, p. 18-30, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110077.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-024562","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5068","text":"External Repository"},{"id":264064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264062,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110077"}],"country":"Dominican Republic","otherGeospatial":"Hispaniola","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.7703,18.9359 ], [ -71.7703,18.9559 ], [ -71.7503,18.9559 ], [ -71.7503,18.9359 ], [ -71.7703,18.9359 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc4a86e4b00ab7c548c67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, William H.","contributorId":39361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Claudia H.","contributorId":99292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Claudia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041804,"text":"ofr20121181 - 2012 - Computing maximum-likelihood estimates for parameters of the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T15:22:42","indexId":"ofr20121181","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1181","title":"Computing maximum-likelihood estimates for parameters of the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish","docAbstract":"This report presents the mathematical expressions and the computational techniques required to compute maximum-likelihood estimates for the parameters of the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish (NDMMF), a statistical model used to predict the concentration of methylmercury in fish tissue. The expressions and techniques reported here were prepared to support the development of custom software capable of computing NDMMF parameter estimates more quickly and using less computer memory than is currently possible with available general-purpose statistical software. Computation of maximum-likelihood estimates for the NDMMF by numerical solution of a system of simultaneous equations through repeated Newton-Raphson iterations is described. This report explains the derivation of the mathematical expressions required for computational parameter estimation in sufficient detail to facilitate future derivations for any revised versions of the NDMMF that may be developed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121181","usgsCitation":"Donato, D.I., 2012, Computing maximum-likelihood estimates for parameters of the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1181, Report: iii, 16 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121181.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":563,"text":"South Florida Information Access","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1181.gif"},{"id":264060,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1181/mlendm97lc-c.txt"},{"id":264058,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1181/"},{"id":264059,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1181/pdf/ofr2012-1181_report_508_rev121312.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc4a63e4b00ab7c548c667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, David I. 0000-0002-5412-0249 didonato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-0249","contributorId":2234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"David","email":"didonato@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041833,"text":"70041833 - 2012 - Histological observations in the Hawaiian reef coral, Porites compressa, affected by Porites bleaching with tissue loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:53:16","indexId":"70041833","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2361,"text":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Histological observations in the Hawaiian reef coral, <i>Porites compressa</i>, affected by <i>Porites</i> bleaching with tissue loss","title":"Histological observations in the Hawaiian reef coral, Porites compressa, affected by Porites bleaching with tissue loss","docAbstract":"<p>The scleractinian finger coral <i>Porites compressa</i> is affected by the coral disease <i>Porites</i> bleaching with tissue loss (PBTL). This disease initially manifests as bleaching of the coenenchyme (tissue between polyps) while the polyps remain brown with eventual tissue loss and subsequent algal overgrowth of the bare skeleton. Histopathological investigation showed a loss of symbiont and melanin-containing granular cells which was more pronounced in the coenenchyme than the polyps. Cell counts confirmed a 65% reduction in symbiont density. Tissue loss was due to tissue fragmentation and necrosis in affected areas. In addition, a reduction in putative bacterial aggregate densities was found in diseased samples but no potential pathogens were observed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.004","usgsCitation":"Sudek, M., Work, T.M., Aeby, G., and Davy, S., 2012, Histological observations in the Hawaiian reef coral, Porites compressa, affected by Porites bleaching with tissue loss: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v. 111, no. 2, p. 121-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.004.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040828","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.004"},{"id":264101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c40e4b08b071e771b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sudek, M.","contributorId":39265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sudek","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aeby, G.S.","contributorId":56624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aeby","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davy, S.K.","contributorId":106732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davy","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041743,"text":"70041743 - 2012 - Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:00:16","indexId":"70041743","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Waters from the Atlantic Ocean washed southward across parts of Anegada, east-northeast of Puerto Rico, during a singular event a few centuries ago. The overwash, after crossing a fringing coral reef and 1.5 km of shallow subtidal flats, cut dozens of breaches through sandy beach ridges, deposited a sheet of sand and shell capped with lime mud, and created inland fields of cobbles and boulders. Most of the breaches extend tens to hundreds of meters perpendicular to a 2-km stretch of Anegada’s windward shore. Remnants of the breached ridges stand 3 m above modern sea level, and ridges seaward of the breaches rise 2.2–3.0 m high. The overwash probably exceeded those heights when cutting the breaches by overtopping and incision of the beach ridges. Much of the sand-and-shell sheet contains pink bioclastic sand that resembles, in grain size and composition, the sand of the breached ridges. This sand extends as much as 1.5 km to the south of the breached ridges. It tapers southward from a maximum thickness of 40 cm, decreases in estimated mean grain size from medium sand to very fine sand, and contains mud laminae in the south. The sand-and-shell sheet also contains mollusks—cerithid gastropods and the bivalve Anomalocardia—and angular limestone granules and pebbles. The mollusk shells and the lime-mud cap were probably derived from a marine pond that occupied much of Anegada’s interior at the time of overwash. The boulders and cobbles, nearly all composed of limestone, form fields that extend many tens of meters generally southward from limestone outcrops as much as 0.8 km from the nearest shore. Soon after the inferred overwash, the marine pond was replaced by hypersaline ponds that produce microbial mats and evaporite crusts. This environmental change, which has yet to be reversed, required restriction of a former inlet or inlets, the location of which was probably on the island’s south (lee) side. The inferred overwash may have caused restriction directly by washing sand into former inlets, or indirectly by reducing the tidal prism or supplying sand to post-overwash currents and waves. The overwash happened after A.D. 1650 if coeval with radiocarbon-dated leaves in the mud cap, and it probably happened before human settlement in the last decades of the 1700s. A prior overwash event is implied by an inland set of breaches. Hypothetically, the overwash in 1650–1800 resulted from the Antilles tsunami of 1690, the transatlantic Lisbon tsunami of 1755, a local tsunami not previously documented, or a storm whose effects exceeded those of Hurricane Donna, which was probably at category 3 as its eye passed 15 km to Anegada’s south in 1960.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B.F., ten Brink, U., Buckley, M., Halley, R.S., Jaffe, B.E., Lopez-Venegas, A.M., Reinhardt, E.G., Tuttle, M.P., Watt, S., and Wei, Y., 2012, Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands: Natural Hazards, v. 63, no. 1, p. 51-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-020383","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264036,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6"}],"country":"British Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -64.416154,18.688621 ], [ -64.416154,18.749452 ], [ -64.270885,18.749452 ], [ -64.270885,18.688621 ], [ -64.416154,18.688621 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb577ae4b09e092d6f03e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, Mark","contributorId":6695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halley, Robert S.","contributorId":12757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lopez-Venegas, Alberto M.","contributorId":32803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez-Venegas","given":"Alberto","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reinhardt, Eduard G.","contributorId":15094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Eduard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tuttle, Maritia P.","contributorId":78628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Maritia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Watt, Steve swatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Steve","email":"swatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wei, Yong","contributorId":99691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70040393,"text":"70040393 - 2012 - Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:35:05","indexId":"70040393","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T09:04:47","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Geysers are rare features that reflect a delicate balance between an abundant supply of water and heat and a unique geometry of fractures and porous rocks. Between April 2007 and September 2008, we sampled Old Faithful, Daisy, Grand, Oblong, and Aurum geysers in Yellowstone National Park's Upper Geyser Basin and characterized temporal variations in major element chemistry and water isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δD, <sup>3</sup>H). We compare these temporal variations with temporal trends of Geyser Eruption Intervals (GEI). SiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and geothermometry indicate that the geysers are fed by waters ascending from a reservoir with temperatures of ∼190 to 210°C. The studied geysers display small and complex chemical and isotopic seasonal variations, and geysers with smaller volume display larger seasonal variations than geysers with larger volumes. Aurum and Oblong Geysers contain detectable tritium concentrations, suggesting that erupted water contains some modern meteoric water. We propose that seasonal GEI variations result from varying degrees of evaporation, meteoric water recharge, water table fluctuations, and possible hydraulic interaction with the adjacent Firehole River. We demonstrate that the concentrations of major dissolved species in Old Faithful Geyser have remained nearly constant since 1884 despite large changes in Old Faithful's eruption intervals, suggesting that no major changes have occurred in the hydrothermal system of the Upper Geyser Basin for >120 years. Our data set provides a baseline for monitoring future changes in geyser activity that might result from varying climate, earthquakes, and changes in heat flow from the underlying magmatic system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012GC004388","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Hunt, A.G., and Evans, W.C., 2012, Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 12, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004388.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-041584","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280954,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004388"},{"id":280955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Firehole River;Upper Geyser Basin;Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1313 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8255,45.109 ], [ -109.8255,44.1313 ], [ -111.156,44.1313 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd768de4b0b2908510af70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041777,"text":"70041777 - 2012 - Waste rice seed in conventional and stripper-head harvested fields in California: Implications for wintering waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T20:09:08","indexId":"70041777","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waste rice seed in conventional and stripper-head harvested fields in California: Implications for wintering waterfowl","docAbstract":"Waste rice seed is an important food for wintering waterfowl and current estimates of its availability are needed to determine the carrying capacity of rice fields and guide habitat conservation. We used a line-intercept method to estimate mass-density of rice seed remaining after harvest during 2010 in the Sacramento Valley (SACV) of California and compared results with estimates from previous studies in the SACV and Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Posterior mean (95% credible interval) estimates of total waste rice seed mass-density for the SACV in 2010 were 388 (336–449) kg/ha in conventionally harvested fields and 245 (198–307) kg/ha in stripper-head harvested fields; the 2010 mass-density is nearly identical to the mid-1980s estimate for conventionally harvested fields but 36% lower than the mid-1990s estimate for stripped fields. About 18% of SACV fields were stripper-head harvested in 2010 vs. 9–15% in the mid-1990s and 0% in the mid-1980s; but due to a 50% increase in planted rice area, total mass of waste rice seed in SACV remaining after harvest in 2010 was 43% greater than in the mid-1980s. However, total mass of seed-eating waterfowl also increased 82%, and the ratio of waste rice seed to seed-eating waterfowl mass was 21% smaller in 2010 than in the mid-1980s. Mass-densities of waste rice remaining after harvest in SACV fields are within the range reported for MAV fields. However, because there is a lag between harvest and waterfowl use in the MAV but not in the SACV, seed loss is greater in the MAV and estimated waste seed mass-density available to wintering waterfowl in SACV fields is about 5–30 times recent MAV estimates. Waste rice seed remains an abundant food source for waterfowl wintering in the SACV, but increased use of stripper-head harvesters would reduce this food. To provide accurate data on carrying capacities of rice fields necessary for conservation planning, trends in planted rice area, harvest method, and postharvest field treatment should be tracked and impacts of postharvest field treatment and other farming practices on waste rice seed availability should be investigated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/022012-JFWM-014","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., Halstead, B., Casazza, M.L., Coates, P.S., Kohl, J.D., and Skalos, D.A., 2012, Waste rice seed in conventional and stripper-head harvested fields in California: Implications for wintering waterfowl: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 266-275, https://doi.org/10.3996/022012-JFWM-014.","productDescription":"10 p.; map","startPage":"266","endPage":"275","ipdsId":"IP-035176","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/022012-jfwm-014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264017,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022012-JFWM-014"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5783e4b09e092d6f03ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohl, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":79773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skalos, Daniel A.","contributorId":64123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalos","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041790,"text":"fs20123061 - 2012 - United States Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T09:53:27","indexId":"fs20123061","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3061","title":"United States Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Response","docAbstract":"The primary goal of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Response is to ensure that the disaster response community has access to timely, accurate, and relevant geospatial products, imagery, and services during and after an emergency event. To accomplish this goal, products and services provided by the National Geospatial Program (NGP) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) Program serve as a geospatial framework for mapping activities of the emergency response community. Post-event imagery and analysis can provide important and timely information about the extent and severity of an event. USGS Natural Hazards Response will also support the coordination of remotely sensed data acquisitions, image distribution, and authoritative geospatial information production as required for use in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery operations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123061","usgsCitation":"Lamb, R.M., and Jones, B., 2012, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Response: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3061, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123061.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034620","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3061.gif"},{"id":264031,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3061/"},{"id":264032,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3061/fs2012-3061.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb577fe4b09e092d6f03e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Rynn M. 0000-0001-6054-4139 lamb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-4139","contributorId":4038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Rynn","email":"lamb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Brenda K. 0000-0003-4941-5349","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":60739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041781,"text":"sir20125216 - 2012 - Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:23:39","indexId":"sir20125216","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5216","title":"Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008","docAbstract":"In response to the need to examine the large amount of historic water-quality data comprehensively across North Dakota and evaluate the efficiency of the State-wide sampling programs, a study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the North Dakota Department of Health to describe the water-quality data collected for the various programs and determine an efficient State-wide sampling design for monitoring future water-quality conditions. Although data collected for the North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low Sampling Program, the North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network, and other projects and programs provide valuable information on the quality of water in streams in North Dakota, the objectives vary among the programs, some of the programs overlap spatially and temporally, and the various sampling designs may not be the most efficient or relevant to the objectives of the individual programs as they have changed through time.\n\nOne objective of a State-wide sampling program was to evaluate ways to describe the spatial variability of water-quality conditions across the State in the most efficient manner. Weighted least-squares regression analysis was used to relate the average absolute difference between paired downstream and upstream concentrations, expressed as a percent of the average downstream concentration, to the average absolute difference in daily flow between the downstream and upstream pairs, expressed as a percent of the average downstream flow. The analysis showed that a reasonable spatial network would consist of including the most downstream sites in large basins first, followed by the next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect the downstream flows at the first sites, followed by the next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect flows for the second sites. Sampling sites to be included in a potential State-wide network were prioritized into 3 design levels: level 1 (highest priority), level 2 (second priority), and level 3 (third priority).\n\nGiven the spatial distribution and priority designation (levels 1–3) of sites in the potential spatial network, the next consideration was to determine the appropriate temporal sampling frequency to use for monitoring future water-quality conditions. The time-series model used to detect concentration trends for this report also was used to evaluate sampling designs to monitor future water-quality trends. Sampling designs were evaluated with regard to their sensitivity to detect seasonal trends that occurred during three 4-month seasons—March through June, July through October, and November through February.\n\nFor the 34 level-1 sites, samples would be collected for major ions, trace metals, nutrients, bacteria, and sediment eight times per year, with samples in January, April (2 samples),May, June, July, August, and October. For the 21 level-2 sites, samples would be collected for major ions, trace metals, and nutrients six times per year (January, April, May, June, August, and October), and for the 26 level-3 sites, samples would be collected for these constituents four times per year (April, June, August, and October).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the North Dakota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., Vecchia, A.V., Vining, K.C., Densmore, B.K., and Lundgren, R.F., 2012, Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5216, Report: viii, 301 p.; Appendix 3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125216.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 301 p.; Appendix 3","numberOfPages":"316","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5216.gif"},{"id":264014,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/"},{"id":264015,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/downloads/appendix3.xlsx"},{"id":264057,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/sir12-5216.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5769e4b09e092d6f03d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041457,"text":"70041457 - 2012 - Geology and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology of the medium- to high-K Tanaga volcanic cluster, western Aleutians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:39:52","indexId":"70041457","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology of the medium- to high-K Tanaga volcanic cluster, western Aleutians","docAbstract":"We used geologic mapping and geochemical data augmented by <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating to establish an eruptive chronology for the Tanaga volcanic cluster in the western Aleutian arc. The Tanaga volcanic cluster is unique in comparison to other central and western Aleutian volcanoes in that it consists of three closely spaced, active, volumetrically significant edifices (Sajaka, Tanaga, and Takawangha), the eruptive products of which have unusually high K<sub>2</sub>O contents. Thirty-five new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages obtained in two different laboratories constrain the duration of Pleistocene–Holocene subaerial volcanism to younger than 295 ka. The eruptive activity has been mostly continuous for the last 150 k.y., unlike most other well-characterized arc volcanoes, which tend to grow in discrete pulses. More than half of the analyzed Tanaga volcanic cluster lavas are basalts that have erupted throughout the lifetime of the cluster, although a considerable amount of basaltic andesite and basaltic trachyandesite has also been produced since 200 ka. Major- and trace-element variations suggest that magmas from Sajaka and Tanaga volcanoes are likely to have crystallized pyroxene and/or amphibole at greater depths than the older Takawangha magmas, which experienced a larger percentage of plagioclase-dominated fractionation at shallower depths. Magma output from Takawangha has declined over the last 86 k.y. At ca. 19 ka, the focus of magma flux shifted to the west beneath Tanaga and Sajaka volcanoes, where hotter, more mafic magma erupted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B30472.1","usgsCitation":"Jicha, B.R., Coombs, M.L., Calvert, A.T., and Singer, B., 2012, Geology and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology of the medium- to high-K Tanaga volcanic cluster, western Aleutians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 124, no. 5-6, p. 842-856, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30472.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"856","ipdsId":"IP-027482","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30472.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanaga Island;Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.228701,51.593733 ], [ -178.228701,51.918986 ], [ -177.613314,51.918986 ], [ -177.613314,51.593733 ], [ -178.228701,51.593733 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"124","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5776e4b09e092d6f03e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jicha, Brian R.","contributorId":44062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singer, Brad S.","contributorId":50425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Brad S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041464,"text":"70041464 - 2012 - Geologic map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:43:19.9327","indexId":"70041464","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA","docAbstract":"Kalaupapa Peninsula, along the northern coast of East Moloka‘i volcano, is a remarkably well-preserved example of rejuvenated-stage volcanism from a Hawaiian volcano. Mapping of lava flows, vents and other volcanic constructs reveals a diversity of landforms on this small monogenetic basaltic shield. The late-stage lava distributary system of this shield is dominated by a prominent lava channel and tube system emanating from the primary vent, Kauhakō crater. This system, along with several smaller examples, fed five prominent rootless vents downslope from Kauhakō. This map shows the subaerial part of this volcanic construct at 1:30,000 scale and encompasses an area of approximately 20.6 km<sup>2</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2012.716751","usgsCitation":"Okubo, C.H., 2012, Geologic map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA: Journal of Maps, v. 8, no. 3, p. 267-270, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.716751.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-037131","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.020111,21.126258 ], [ -157.020111,21.219701 ], [ -156.89266,21.219701 ], [ -156.89266,21.126258 ], [ -157.020111,21.126258 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5772e4b09e092d6f03dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okubo, Chris H. 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":140482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041776,"text":"sim3231 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Newberry, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T10:53:02","indexId":"sim3231","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3231","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Newberry, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 4.9-mile reach of the White River at Newberry, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03360500, White River at Newberry, Ind. Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet (<a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03360500\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03360500</a>). The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts flood hydrographs at the Newberry streamgage. That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. For this study, flood profiles were computed for the White River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at USGS streamgage 03360500, White River at Newberry, Ind., and high-water marks from a flood in June 2008.The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 22 water-surface profiles for flood stages a1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage at Newberry, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.  These sheets are availalbe in High Resolution PDF or Low Resolution JPG.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/\" target=\"_blank\">SIM 3231</a> for more information.","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., Kim, M.H., and Menke, C.D., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Newberry, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3231, Pamphlet: vi,8 p.; 22 sheets: 17 x 22 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3231.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi,8 p.; 22 sheets: 17 x 22 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3231.gif"},{"id":263990,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/Downloads"},{"id":263988,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/"},{"id":263989,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/sim3231-102612.pdf"},{"id":263991,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet1-473_8ft.pdf"},{"id":263992,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet10-482_17ft.pdf"},{"id":263993,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet11-483_18ft.pdf"},{"id":263994,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet12-484_19ft.pdf"},{"id":263995,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet13-485_20ft.pdf"},{"id":263996,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet14-486_21ft.pdf"},{"id":263997,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet15-487_22ft.pdf"},{"id":263998,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet16-488_23ft.pdf"},{"id":263999,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet17-489_24ft.pdf"},{"id":264002,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet2-474_9ft.pdf"},{"id":264003,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet20-492_27ft.pdf"},{"id":264000,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet18-490_25ft.pdf"},{"id":264001,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet19-491_26ft.pdf"},{"id":264004,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet21-493_28ft.pdf"},{"id":264005,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet22-494_29ft.pdf"},{"id":264006,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet3-475_10ft.pdf"},{"id":264007,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet4-476_11ft.pdf"},{"id":264008,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet5-477_12ft.pdf"},{"id":264009,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet6-478_13ft.pdf"},{"id":264010,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet8-480_15ft.pdf"},{"id":264011,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet7-479_14ft.pdf"},{"id":264012,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet9-481_16ft.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Newberry","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.07,38.90 ], [ -87.07,38.97 ], [ -86.67,38.97 ], [ -86.67,38.90 ], [ -87.07,38.90 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb576de4b09e092d6f03d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043956,"text":"70043956 - 2012 - Understanding the influence of predation on introduced fishes on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin: Closing some knowledge gaps. Late summer and fall diet and condition of smallmouth bass, walleye, and channel catfish in the middle Columbia River, USA. Interim Report of Research 2011.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-29T11:55:36","indexId":"70043956","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Understanding the influence of predation on introduced fishes on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin: Closing some knowledge gaps. Late summer and fall diet and condition of smallmouth bass, walleye, and channel catfish in the middle Columbia River, USA. Interim Report of Research 2011.","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">American shad <i>Alosa sapidissima </i>in the middle Columbia River (MCR)&mdash;a high energy food available in the summer and fall&mdash;may be contributing to the increased growth and enhanced condition of nonnative piscivores. To test this hypothesis we quantified the late summer and autumn diets of smallmouth bass <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>, walleye <i>Sander vitreus</i>, and channel catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus </i>in the three lowermost reservoirs on the Columbia River (Bonneville [BON], The Dalles [TDA], and John Day [JDA]). The diet of smallmouth bass (SMB) was fairly similar among reservoirs, with crustaceans (52&ndash;82%) and fish (13&ndash;38%) being the dominant prey groups by percent mass. <i>Cottidae </i>were usually the dominant fish prey in the diet of SMB at all areas and the contribution of juvenile shad ranged from 0&ndash;8.2%. Fish (mostly <i>Cyprinidae </i>and <i>Cottidae</i>) were always the dominant prey item for walleye (WAL) at all areas and at all times, ranging from 70&ndash;100% of their diet by mass. Juvenile American shad composed from 10&ndash;27% (by mass) of the diet of walleye, depending on area and month. For channel catfish (CHC), the most common prey items consumed were crustaceans (20%&ndash;80% by mass) and unidentified items (30%&ndash;80%). Fish represented a relatively small component (&lt; 4%) of their diet. We also evaluated the condition of SMB and WAL by determining relative weights (<i>W</i><span class=\"s1\">r</span>) and hepatosomatic indices (HSI). Mean <i>W</i><span class=\"s1\"><i>r </i></span>for SMB greater than 300 mm ranged from 0.89 to 0.94 depending on area and month and showed a significant increase from August to September for fish in BON only. Overall, mean <i>W</i><span class=\"s1\"><i>r </i></span>of WAL was similar at all areas, ranging from 0.89&ndash;0.91, and increased significantly from September to mid-October and November for fish in TDA only. Overall, mean HSI of SMB ranged from 1.18 to 1.48, did not differ between fish in different reservoirs, and increased significantly from September to mid-October and November for fish from the lower JDA only. Mean HSI of WAL was significantly higher in October and November (0.95&plusmn;0.24) than in August (0.73&plusmn;0.22). Collectively, our results are the first to describe the diets of SMB, WAL, and CHC over a large spatial area in the MCR during late summer and fall. Only SMB and WAL consumed relevant amounts (up to 27% by mass for walleye) of American shad, however the influence of this diet item on their condition was not discernible because these fish showed only slight increases in condition indices that did not always correspond to a dietary shift that included an increase in shad consumption, and we could not discount the importance of other prey items. Our results should be useful for future discussions regarding predation and shad management in the Columbia River.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rose, B.P., Hansen, G.S., Weaver, M., Ayers, D., Van Dyke, E.S., and Mesa, M.G., 2012, Understanding the influence of predation on introduced fishes on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin: Closing some knowledge gaps. Late summer and fall diet and condition of smallmouth bass, walleye, and channel catfish in the middle Columbia River, USA. 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,{"id":70041581,"text":"70041581 - 2012 - One year of migration data for a western yellow-billed cuckoo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:31:25","indexId":"70041581","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One year of migration data for a western yellow-billed cuckoo","docAbstract":"In 2009, we studied the migration of the Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo by capturing 13 breeding birds on the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, and attaching a 1.5-g Mk 14-S British Antarctic Survey geolocator to each bird. In 2010, we recaptured one of the cuckoos, enabling us to download its geolocation data. The cuckoo had flown approximately 9500 km during its southward migration, traveling through Central America to winter in portions of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. The spring migration route differed somewhat from the fall route, with the cuckoo bypassing Central America to migrate through the Caribbean. Additionally, it moved between New Mexico and Mexico at the end of summer in 2009 and again in 2010 before being recaptured at its breeding site. Our results, albeit from one individual, hint at a dynamic migration strategy and have broad implications for the ecology and conservation of the Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, a species of conservation concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"http://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/","usgsCitation":"Sechrist, J.D., Paxton, E.H., Ahlers, D.D., Doster, R.H., and Ryan, V.M., 2012, One year of migration data for a western yellow-billed cuckoo: Western Birds, v. 43, no. 1, p. 2-11.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-031415","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263973,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/docs/abstracts/43-1.pdf"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c9a766e4b06bc7a3e933c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sechrist, Juddson D.","contributorId":52472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sechrist","given":"Juddson","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlers, Darrell D.","contributorId":92563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlers","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doster, Robert H.","contributorId":55710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, Vicky M.","contributorId":65742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Vicky","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041749,"text":"70041749 - 2012 - Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T12:53:49","indexId":"70041749","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Various approaches have been proposed to manage the nonlinearities associated with the unconfined flow equation and to simulate perched groundwater conditions using the MODFLOW family of codes. The approaches comprise a variety of numerical techniques to prevent dry cells from becoming inactive and to achieve a stable solution focused on formulations of the unconfined, partially-saturated, groundwater flow equation. Keeping dry cells active avoids a discontinuous head solution which in turn improves the effectiveness of parameter estimation software that relies on continuous derivatives. Most approaches implement an upstream weighting of intercell conductance and Newton-Raphson linearization to obtain robust convergence. In this study, several published approaches were implemented in a stepwise manner into MODFLOW for comparative analysis. First, a comparative analysis of the methods is presented using synthetic examples that create convergence issues or difficulty in handling perched conditions with the more common dry-cell simulation capabilities of MODFLOW. Next, a field-scale three-dimensional simulation is presented to examine the stability and performance of the discussed approaches in larger, practical, simulation settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x","usgsCitation":"Bedekar, V., Niswonger, R., Kipp, K., Panday, S., and Tonkin, M., 2012, Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 2, p. 187-198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042355","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263981,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb57d3e4b09e092d6f03f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedekar, Vivek","contributorId":80985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedekar","given":"Vivek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth","contributorId":60097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew","contributorId":22219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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