American shad Alosa sapidissima in the middle Columbia River (MCR)—a high energy food available in the summer and fall—may be contributing to the increased growth and enhanced condition of nonnative piscivores. To test this hypothesis we quantified the late summer and autumn diets of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, walleye Sander vitreus, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the three lowermost reservoirs on the Columbia River (Bonneville [BON], The Dalles [TDA], and John Day [JDA]). The diet of smallmouth bass (SMB) was fairly similar among reservoirs, with crustaceans (52–82%) and fish (13–38%) being the dominant prey groups by percent mass. Cottidae were usually the dominant fish prey in the diet of SMB at all areas and the contribution of juvenile shad ranged from 0–8.2%. Fish (mostly Cyprinidae and Cottidae) were always the dominant prey item for walleye (WAL) at all areas and at all times, ranging from 70–100% of their diet by mass. Juvenile American shad composed from 10–27% (by mass) of the diet of walleye, depending on area and month. For channel catfish (CHC), the most common prey items consumed were crustaceans (20%–80% by mass) and unidentified items (30%–80%). Fish represented a relatively small component (< 4%) of their diet. We also evaluated the condition of SMB and WAL by determining relative weights (Wr) and hepatosomatic indices (HSI). Mean Wr for SMB greater than 300 mm ranged from 0.89 to 0.94 depending on area and month and showed a significant increase from August to September for fish in BON only. Overall, mean Wr of WAL was similar at all areas, ranging from 0.89–0.91, and increased significantly from September to mid-October and November for fish in TDA only. Overall, mean HSI of SMB ranged from 1.18 to 1.48, did not differ between fish in different reservoirs, and increased significantly from September to mid-October and November for fish from the lower JDA only. Mean HSI of WAL was significantly higher in October and November (0.95±0.24) than in August (0.73±0.22). Collectively, our results are the first to describe the diets of SMB, WAL, and CHC over a large spatial area in the MCR during late summer and fall. Only SMB and WAL consumed relevant amounts (up to 27% by mass for walleye) of American shad, however the influence of this diet item on their condition was not discernible because these fish showed only slight increases in condition indices that did not always correspond to a dietary shift that included an increase in shad consumption, and we could not discount the importance of other prey items. Our results should be useful for future discussions regarding predation and shad management in the Columbia River.
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Interim Report of Research 2011., 40 p.","productDescription":"40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-09-01","ipdsId":"IP-041470","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P129628","text":"Report","size":"393.12 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Middle Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.11376953125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 45.867062714815475\n ],\n [\n -119.564208984375,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -120.157470703125,\n 45.637087095718734\n ],\n [\n -120.81665039062499,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -121.44287109374999,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -121.89331054687499,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -120.377197265625,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -119.718017578125,\n 46.05036097561633\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -119.11376953125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572486e3e4b0b13d39159866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Brien P. brose@usgs.gov","contributorId":3493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Brien","email":"brose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Gabriel S. 0000-0001-6272-3632 ghansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-3632","contributorId":3422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Gabriel","email":"ghansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, Michele Michele","contributorId":120969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Michele","suffix":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, David 0000-0001-5043-9722","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-9722","contributorId":120090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Dyke, Erick S.","contributorId":169026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Dyke","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041759,"text":"ofr20121239 - 2012 - Producing fractional rangeland component predictions in a sagebrush ecosystem, a Wyoming sensitivity analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-12T15:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121239","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1239","title":"Producing fractional rangeland component predictions in a sagebrush ecosystem, a Wyoming sensitivity analysis","docAbstract":"Remote sensing information has been widely used to monitor vegetation condition and variations in a variety of ecosystems, including shrublands. Careful application of remotely sensed imagery can provide additional spatially explicit, continuous, and extensive data on the composition and condition of shrubland ecosystems. Historically, the most widely available remote sensing information has been collected by Landsat, which has offered large spatial coverage and moderate spatial resolution data globally for nearly three decades. Such medium-resolution satellite remote sensing information can quantify the distribution and variation of terrestrial ecosystems. Landsat imagery has been frequently used with other high-resolution remote sensing data to classify sagebrush components and quantify their spatial distributions (Ramsey and others, 2004; Seefeldt and Booth, 2004; Stow and others, 2008; Underwood and others, 2007). Modeling algorithms have been developed to use field measurements and satellite remote sensing data to quantify the extent and evaluate the quality of shrub ecosystem components in large geographic areas (Homer and others, 2009). The percent cover of sagebrush ecosystem components, including bare-ground, herbaceous, litter, sagebrush, and shrub, have been quantified for entire western states (Homer and others, 2012). Furthermore, research has demonstrated the use of current measurements with historical archives of Landsat imagery to quantify the variations of these components for the last two decades (Xian and others, 2012). The modeling method used to quantify the extent and spatial distribution of sagebrush components over a large area also has required considerable amounts of training data to meet targeted accuracy requirements. These training data have maintained product accuracy by ensuring that they are derived from good quality field measurements collected during appropriate ecosystem phenology and subsequently maximized by extrapolation on high-resolution remote sensing data (Homer and others, 2012). This method has proven its utility; however, to develop these products across even larger areas will require additional cost efficiencies to ensure that an adequate product can be developed for the lowest cost possible. Given the vast geographic extent of shrubland ecosystems in the western United States, identifying cost efficiencies with optimal training data development and subsequent application to medium resolution satellite imagery provide the most likely areas for methodological efficiency gains. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a series of sensitivity tests to evaluate the most optimal and practical way to develop Landsat scale information for estimating the extent and distribution of sagebrush ecosystem components over large areas in the conterminous United States. An existing dataset of sagebrush components developed from extensive field measurements, high-resolution satellite imagery, and medium resolution Landsat imagery in Wyoming was used as the reference database (Homer and others, 2012). Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the relation between the accuracy of sagebrush components and the amount and distribution of training data on Landsat scenes needed to obtain accurate predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121239","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., Homer, C.G., Granneman, B., and Meyer, D.K., 2012, Producing fractional rangeland component predictions in a sagebrush ecosystem, a Wyoming sensitivity analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1239, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121239.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1239.gif"},{"id":263978,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1239/"},{"id":263979,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1239/of12-1239.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,41.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -104.0,45.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -111.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c9a773e4b06bc7a3e933c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Granneman, Brian 0000-0002-1910-0955","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1910-0955","contributorId":96174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granneman","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Debra K. 0000-0002-8841-697X dkmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":3145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Debra","email":"dkmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041751,"text":"70041751 - 2012 - Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions : An integrated modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T19:02:47.72027","indexId":"70041751","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions : An integrated modeling approach","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicate predominantly increasing trends in precipitation across the Western United States, while at the same time, historical streamflow records indicate decreasing summertime streamflow and 25th percentile annual flows. These opposing trends could be viewed as paradoxical, given that several studies suggest that increased annual precipitation will equate to increased annual groundwater recharge, and therefore increased summertime flow. To gain insight on mechanisms behind these potential changes, we rely on a calibrated, integrated surface and groundwater model to simulate climate impacts on surface water/groundwater interactions using 12 general circulation model projections of temperature and precipitation from 2010 to 2100, and evaluate the interplay between snowmelt timing and other hydrologic variables, including streamflow, groundwater recharge, storage, groundwater discharge, and evapotranspiration. Hydrologic simulations show that the timing of peak groundwater discharge to the stream is inversely correlated to snowmelt runoff and groundwater recharge due to the bank storage effect and reversal of hydraulic gradients between the stream and underlying groundwater. That is, groundwater flow to streams peaks following the decrease in stream depth caused by snowmelt recession, and the shift in snowmelt causes a corresponding shift in groundwater discharge to streams. Our results show that groundwater discharge to streams is depleted during the summer due to earlier drainage of shallow aquifers adjacent to streams even if projected annual precipitation and groundwater recharge increases. These projected changes in surface water/groundwater interactions result in more than a 30% decrease in the projected ensemble summertime streamflow. Our findings clarify causality of observed decreasing summertime flow, highlight important aspects of potential climate change impacts on groundwater resources, and underscore the need for integrated hydrologic models in climate change studies.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012319","usgsCitation":"Huntington, J., and Niswonger, R., 2012, Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions : An integrated modeling approach: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 11, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012319.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036216","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.000,39.208 ], [ -120.000,39.375 ], [ -119.833,39.375 ], [ -119.833,39.208 ], [ -120.000,39.208 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5822e4b09e092d6f0426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Justin L.","contributorId":31279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043579,"text":"70043579 - 2012 - A barrier to upstream migration in the fish passage of Itaipu Dam (Canal da Piracema), Paraná River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T17:37:40.433382","indexId":"70043579","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2852,"text":"Neotropical Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A barrier to upstream migration in the fish passage of Itaipu Dam (Canal da Piracema), Paraná River basin","docAbstract":"The majority of the fish passages built in the Neotropical region are characterised by low efficiency and high selectivity; in many cases, the benefits to fish populations are uncertain. Studies conducted in the Canal da Piracema at Itaipu dam on the Parana River indicate that the system component designated as the Discharge channel in the Bela Vista River (herein named Canal de deságue no rio Bela Vista or CABV), a 200 m long technical section, was the main barrier to the upstream migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of restriction imposed by the CABV on upstream movements of Prochilodus lineatus and Leporinus elongatus, Characiformes. Fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) and released both downstream and upstream of this critical section. Individuals of both species released downstream of the CABV took much more time to reach the upper end of the system (43.6 days vs. 15.9 days), and passed in much lower proportions (18% vs. 60.8%) than those tagged upstream of this component. Although more work is needed to differentiate between fishway effects and natural variation in migratory motivation, the results clearly demonstrate passage problems at the CABV.","language":"English","publisher":"SciELO Brazil","doi":"10.1590/S1679-62252012000400002","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., Fontes, H.M., Makrakis, S., Gomes, L.C., and Latini, J.D., 2012, A barrier to upstream migration in the fish passage of Itaipu Dam (Canal da Piracema), Paraná River basin: Neotropical Ichthyology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 697-704, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000400002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"704","ipdsId":"IP-042551","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil, Paraguay","otherGeospatial":"Itaipu Dam, Paraná River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.60393866765443,\n -25.395088724891977\n ],\n [\n -54.60393866765443,\n -25.423153811554954\n ],\n [\n -54.57626481453205,\n -25.423153811554954\n ],\n [\n -54.57626481453205,\n -25.395088724891977\n ],\n [\n -54.60393866765443,\n -25.395088724891977\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f66f1e4b03b29402c5d61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":535408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fontes, Helio Martins","contributorId":60092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontes","given":"Helio","email":"","middleInitial":"Martins","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Makrakis, Sergio","contributorId":95349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makrakis","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomes, Luiz Carlos","contributorId":88227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomes","given":"Luiz","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Latini, Joao Dirco","contributorId":48843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latini","given":"Joao","email":"","middleInitial":"Dirco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041749,"text":"70041749 - 2012 - Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T12:53:49","indexId":"70041749","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Various approaches have been proposed to manage the nonlinearities associated with the unconfined flow equation and to simulate perched groundwater conditions using the MODFLOW family of codes. The approaches comprise a variety of numerical techniques to prevent dry cells from becoming inactive and to achieve a stable solution focused on formulations of the unconfined, partially-saturated, groundwater flow equation. Keeping dry cells active avoids a discontinuous head solution which in turn improves the effectiveness of parameter estimation software that relies on continuous derivatives. Most approaches implement an upstream weighting of intercell conductance and Newton-Raphson linearization to obtain robust convergence. In this study, several published approaches were implemented in a stepwise manner into MODFLOW for comparative analysis. First, a comparative analysis of the methods is presented using synthetic examples that create convergence issues or difficulty in handling perched conditions with the more common dry-cell simulation capabilities of MODFLOW. Next, a field-scale three-dimensional simulation is presented to examine the stability and performance of the discussed approaches in larger, practical, simulation settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x","usgsCitation":"Bedekar, V., Niswonger, R., Kipp, K., Panday, S., and Tonkin, M., 2012, Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 2, p. 187-198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042355","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263981,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb57d3e4b09e092d6f03f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedekar, Vivek","contributorId":80985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedekar","given":"Vivek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth","contributorId":60097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew","contributorId":22219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041581,"text":"70041581 - 2012 - One year of migration data for a western yellow-billed cuckoo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:31:25","indexId":"70041581","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One year of migration data for a western yellow-billed cuckoo","docAbstract":"In 2009, we studied the migration of the Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo by capturing 13 breeding birds on the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, and attaching a 1.5-g Mk 14-S British Antarctic Survey geolocator to each bird. In 2010, we recaptured one of the cuckoos, enabling us to download its geolocation data. The cuckoo had flown approximately 9500 km during its southward migration, traveling through Central America to winter in portions of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. The spring migration route differed somewhat from the fall route, with the cuckoo bypassing Central America to migrate through the Caribbean. Additionally, it moved between New Mexico and Mexico at the end of summer in 2009 and again in 2010 before being recaptured at its breeding site. Our results, albeit from one individual, hint at a dynamic migration strategy and have broad implications for the ecology and conservation of the Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, a species of conservation concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"http://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/","usgsCitation":"Sechrist, J.D., Paxton, E.H., Ahlers, D.D., Doster, R.H., and Ryan, V.M., 2012, One year of migration data for a western yellow-billed cuckoo: Western Birds, v. 43, no. 1, p. 2-11.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-031415","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263973,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/docs/abstracts/43-1.pdf"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c9a766e4b06bc7a3e933c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sechrist, Juddson D.","contributorId":52472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sechrist","given":"Juddson","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlers, Darrell D.","contributorId":92563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlers","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doster, Robert H.","contributorId":55710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, Vicky M.","contributorId":65742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Vicky","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041619,"text":"70041619 - 2012 - Redox reaction rates in shallow aquifers: Implications for nitrate transport in groundwater and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T19:52:58","indexId":"70041619","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Redox reaction rates in shallow aquifers: Implications for nitrate transport in groundwater and streams","docAbstract":"Groundwater age and water chemistry data along flow paths from recharge areas to streams were used to evaluate the trends and transformations of agricultural chemicals. Results from this analysis indicate that median nitrate recharge concentrations in these agricultural areas have increased markedly over the last 50 years from 4 mg N/L in samples collected prior to 1983 to 7.5 mg N/L in samples collected since 1983. The effect that nitrate accumulation in shallow aquifers will have on drinking water quality and stream ecosystems is dependent on the rate of redox reactions along flow paths and on the age distribution of nitrate discharging to supply wells and streams.","largerWorkTitle":"Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., 2012, Redox reaction rates in shallow aquifers: Implications for nitrate transport in groundwater and streams, in Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, v. 44, no. 7, p. 208-208.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"208","ipdsId":"IP-025488","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/finalprogram/abstract_210158.htm"}],"volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85626e4b03bc63bd679b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041489,"text":"70041489 - 2012 - Remote sensing of sagebrush canopy nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T10:46:53","indexId":"70041489","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of sagebrush canopy nitrogen","docAbstract":"This paper presents a combination of techniques suitable for remotely sensing foliar Nitrogen (N) in semiarid shrublands – a capability that would significantly improve our limited understanding of vegetation functionality in dryland ecosystems. The ability to estimate foliar N distributions across arid and semi-arid environments could help answer process-driven questions related to topics such as controls on canopy photosynthesis, the influence of N on carbon cycling behavior, nutrient pulse dynamics, and post-fire recovery. Our study determined that further exploration into estimating sagebrush canopy N concentrations from an airborne platform is warranted, despite remote sensing challenges inherent to open canopy systems. Hyperspectral data transformed using standard derivative analysis were capable of quantifying sagebrush canopy N concentrations using partial least squares (PLS) regression with an R2 value of 0.72 and an R2 predicted value of 0.42 (n = 35). Subsetting the dataset to minimize the influence of bare ground (n = 19) increased R2 to 0.95 (R2 predicted = 0.56). Ground-based estimates of canopy N using leaf mass per unit area measurements (LMA) yielded consistently better model fits than ground-based estimates of canopy N using cover and height measurements. The LMA approach is likely a method that could be extended to other semiarid shrublands. Overall, the results of this study are encouraging for future landscape scale N estimates and represent an important step in addressing the confounding influence of bare ground, which we found to be a major influence on predictions of sagebrush canopy N from an airborne platform.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.002","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, J.J., Glenn, N.F., Sankey, T., Derryberry, D., and Germino, M., 2012, Remote sensing of sagebrush canopy nitrogen: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 124, p. 217-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.002.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"223","ipdsId":"IP-038733","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263919,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.002"}],"volume":"124","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c8562ce4b03bc63bd679ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, Jessica J.","contributorId":81772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy F.","contributorId":95321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":38863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derryberry, DeWayne R.","contributorId":99016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derryberry","given":"DeWayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041723,"text":"sir20115118 - 2012 - Low-flow characteristics of streams under natural and diversion conditions, Waipiʻo Valley, Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T14:34:07","indexId":"sir20115118","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5118","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams under natural and diversion conditions, Waipiʻo Valley, Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi","docAbstract":"Over the past 100 years, natural streamflow in Waipiʻo Valley has been reduced by the transfer of water out of the valley by Upper and Lower Hāmākua Ditches. The physical condition and diversion practices along the two ditch systems have varied widely over the years, and as a result, so have their effects on natural streamflow in Waipiʻo Valley. Recent renovation and improvements to Lower Hāmākua Ditch system, along with proposals for its future operation and water-diversion strategies, have unknown implications. The purpose of this report is to quantify the availability of streamflow and to determine the effects of current and proposed diversion strategies on the low-flow hydrology in Waipiʻo Valley. In this report, the low-flow hydrology of Waipiʻo Valley is described in terms of flow-duration statistics. Flow-duration statistics were computed for three locations in the Waipiʻo Valley study area where long-term surface-water gaging stations have been operated. Using a variety of streamflow record-extension techniques, flow-duration statistics were estimated at an additional 13 locations where only few historical data are available or where discharge measurements were made as part of this study. Flow-duration statistics were computed to reflect natural conditions, current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, and proposed future diversion conditions at the 16 locations. At the downstream limit of the study area, on Wailoa Stream at an altitude of 190 feet, a baseline for evaluating the availability of streamflow is provided by computed flow-duration statistics that are representative of natural, no-diversion conditions. At the Wailoa gaging station, 95- and 50-percentile discharges under natural conditions were determined to be 86 and 112 cubic feet per second, respectively. Under 1965-1969 diversion conditions, natural 95- and 50-percentile discharges were reduced by 52 and 53 percent, to 41 and 53 cubic feet per second, respectively. Under current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, natural 95- and 50-percentile discharges were reduced by 21 and 24 percent, to 68 and 85 cubic feet per second, respectively. Under proposed future diversion conditions, natural 95- and 50-percentile discharges would be reduced by 33 and 24 percent, to 58 and 85 cubic feet per second, respectively. Compared to discharges that reflect current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, proposed future diversion conditions would reduce 95-percentile discharges, which are representative of moderate drought levels in the stream, by 15 percent. No change would be expected in 50-percentile discharges, which are representative of normal conditions. The effects of current (2000-2005) and proposed future diversion conditions on the natural flow of streams in the Waipiʻo Valley study area differ, depending on the location. Under current (2000-2005) diversion conditions, reductions in natural 95- or 50-percentile discharges of greater than 30 percent were found in Kawainui Stream downstream from Upper Hamakua Ditch to an altitude of about 1,435 feet and in the reach of Waimā Stream between Upper and Lower Hāmākua Ditches. Under proposed future diversion conditions, reductions in natural 95- or 50-percentile discharges of greater than 30 percent were found in Kawainui Stream downstream from Upper Hamakua Ditch to an altitude of about 1,435 feet, in the reach of Waimā Stream between Upper and Lower Hāmākua Ditches, and along most stream reaches downstream from Lower Hāmākua Ditch, except for Waimā Stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaiʻi Office of Hawaiian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., 2012, Low-flow characteristics of streams under natural and diversion conditions, Waipiʻo Valley, Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5118, ix, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115118.","productDescription":"ix, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5118.gif"},{"id":263939,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5118/"},{"id":263940,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5118/sir2011-5118.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","city":"Hawai?i","otherGeospatial":"Waipi?o Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 155.70,20.00 ], [ 155.70,20.15 ], [ 155.56,20.15 ], [ 155.56,20.00 ], [ 155.70,20.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85615e4b03bc63bd679a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041661,"text":"70041661 - 2012 - Tropical forest carbon balance in a warmer world: a critical review spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T09:20:05","indexId":"70041661","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1023,"text":"Biological Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical forest carbon balance in a warmer world: a critical review spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale processes","docAbstract":"Tropical forests play a major role in regulating global carbon (C) fluxes and stocks, and even small changes to C cycling in this productive biome could dramatically affect atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Temperature is expected to increase over all land surfaces in the future, yet we have a surprisingly poor understanding of how tropical forests will respond to this significant climatic change. Here we present a contemporary synthesis of the existing data and what they suggest about how tropical forests will respond to increasing temperatures. Our goals were to: (i) determine whether there is enough evidence to support the conclusion that increased temperature will affect tropical forest C balance; (ii) if there is sufficient evidence, determine what direction this effect will take; and, (iii) establish what steps should to be taken to resolve the uncertainties surrounding tropical forest responses to increasing temperatures. We approach these questions from a mass-balance perspective and therefore focus primarily on the effects of temperature on inputs and outputs of C, spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale responses. We found that, while there is the strong potential for temperature to affect processes related to C cycling and storage in tropical forests, a notable lack of data combined with the physical, biological and chemical diversity of the forests themselves make it difficult to resolve this issue with certainty. We suggest a variety of experimental approaches that could help elucidate how tropical forests will respond to warming, including large-scale in situ manipulation experiments, longer term field experiments, the incorporation of a range of scales in the investigation of warming effects (both spatial and temporal), as well as the inclusion of a diversity of tropical forest sites. Finally, we highlight areas of tropical forest research where notably few data are available, including temperature effects on: nutrient cycling, heterotrophic versus autotrophic respiration, thermal acclimation versus substrate limitation of plant and microbial communities, below-ground C allocation, species composition (plant and microbial), and the hydraulic architecture of roots. Whether or not tropical forests will become a source or a sink of C in a warmer world remains highly uncertain. Given the importance of these ecosystems to the global C budget, resolving this uncertainty is a primary research priority.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.E., Cavaleri, M., and Reed, S.C., 2012, Tropical forest carbon balance in a warmer world: a critical review spanning microbial- to ecosystem-scale processes: Biological Reviews, v. 87, no. 4, p. 912-927, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"912","endPage":"927","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-034290","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263908,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00232.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c8563ee4b03bc63bd679c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tana E.","contributorId":33193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tana","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cavaleri, Molly A.","contributorId":67381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavaleri","given":"Molly A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041734,"text":"70041734 - 2012 - Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:42:38","indexId":"70041734","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility","docAbstract":"Arid and semi-arid ecosystems cover ~40% of Earth’s terrestrial surface, but we know little about how climate change will affect these widespread landscapes. Like many drylands, the Colorado Plateau in southwestern United States is predicted to experience elevated temperatures and alterations to the timing and amount of annual precipitation. We used a factorial warming and supplemental rainfall experiment on the Colorado Plateau to show that altered precipitation resulted in pronounced mortality of the widespread moss Syntrichia caninervis. Increased frequency of 1.2 mm summer rainfall events reduced moss cover from ~25% of total surface cover to <2% after only one growing season, whereas increased temperature had no effect. Laboratory measurements identified a physiological mechanism behind the mortality: small precipitation events caused a negative moss carbon balance, whereas larger events maintained net carbon uptake. Multiple metrics of nitrogen cycling were notably different with moss mortality and had significant implications for soil fertility. Mosses are important members in many dryland ecosystems and the community changes observed here reveal how subtle modifications to climate can affect ecosystem structure and function on unexpectedly short timescales. Moreover, mortality resulted from increased precipitation through smaller, more frequent events, underscoring the importance of precipitation event size and timing, and highlighting our inadequate understanding of relationships between climate and ecosystem function in drylands.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1596","usgsCitation":"Reed, S.C., Coe, K.K., Sparks, J.P., Housman, D.C., Zelikova, T.J., and Belnap, J., 2012, Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility: Nature Climate Change, v. 2, no. 10, p. 752-755, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1596.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"755","ipdsId":"IP-029521","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.36,33.6 ], [ -114.36,40.27 ], [ -106.92,40.27 ], [ -106.92,33.6 ], [ -114.36,33.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c855f7e4b03bc63bd6798e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Kirsten K.","contributorId":51619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparks, Jed P.","contributorId":57578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"Jed","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Housman, David C.","contributorId":60752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Housman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zelikova, Tamara J.","contributorId":76615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelikova","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041739,"text":"70041739 - 2012 - Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T21:51:03","indexId":"70041739","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1769,"text":"Geographical Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008","docAbstract":"Summer streamflow is a vital water resource for municipal and domestic water supplies, irrigation, salmonid habitat, recreation, and water-related ecosystem services in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the United States. This study detects significant negative trends in September absolute streamflow in a majority of 68 stream-gauging stations located on unregulated streams in the PNW from 1958 to 2008. The proportion of March streamflow to annual streamflow increases in most stations over 1,000 m elevation, with a baseflow index of less than 50, while absolute March streamflow does not increase in most stations. The declining trends of September absolute streamflow are strongly associated with seven-day low flow, January–March maximum temperature trends, and the size of the basin (19–7,260 km2), while the increasing trends of the fraction of March streamflow are associated with elevation, April 1 snow water equivalent, March precipitation, center timing of streamflow, and October–December minimum temperature trends. Compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimated regression models, spatial error regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models effectively remove spatial autocorrelation in residuals. The GWR model results show spatial gradients of local R 2 values with consistently higher local R 2 values in the northern Cascades. This finding illustrates that different hydrologic landscape factors, such as geology and seasonal distribution of precipitation, also influence streamflow trends in the PNW. In addition, our spatial analysis model results show that considering various geographic factors help clarify the dynamics of streamflow trends over a large geographical area, supporting a spatial analysis approach over aspatial OLS-estimated regression models for predicting streamflow trends. Results indicate that transitional rain–snow surface water-dominated basins are likely to have reduced summer streamflow under warming scenarios. Consequently, a better understanding of the relationships among summer streamflow, precipitation, snowmelt, elevation, and geology can help water managers predict the response of regional summer streamflow to global warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographical Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Jung, I., Steele, M., and Gannett, M., 2012, Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008: Geographical Analysis, v. 44, no. 3, p. 177-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"201","ipdsId":"IP-027578","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263965,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85637e4b03bc63bd679c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Heejun","contributorId":14705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Heejun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Il-Won","contributorId":38865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Il-Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, Madeline","contributorId":59702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Madeline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall","contributorId":61723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041419,"text":"70041419 - 2012 - Rapid, low-cost photogrammetry to monitor volcanic eruptions: An example from Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T20:39:24.649597","indexId":"70041419","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid, low-cost photogrammetry to monitor volcanic eruptions: An example from Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"We describe a low-cost application of digital photogrammetry using commercially available photogrammetric software and oblique photographs taken with an off-the-shelf digital camera to create sequential digital elevation models (DEMs) of a lava dome that grew during the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (MSH) volcano. Renewed activity at MSH provided an opportunity to devise and test this method, because it could be validated against other observations of this well-monitored volcano. The datasets consist of oblique aerial photographs (snapshots) taken from a helicopter using a digital single-lens reflex camera. Twelve sets of overlapping digital images of the dome taken during 2004–2007 were used to produce DEMs and to calculate lava dome volumes and extrusion rates. Analyses of the digital images were carried out using photogrammetric software to produce three-dimensional coordinates of points identified in multiple photos. The evolving morphology of the dome was modeled by comparing successive DEMs. Results were validated by comparison to volume measurements derived from traditional vertical photogrammetric surveys by the US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. Our technique was significantly less expensive and required less time than traditional vertical photogrammetric techniques; yet, it consistently yielded volume estimates within 5% of the traditional method. This technique provides an inexpensive, rapid assessment tool for tracking lava dome growth or other topographic changes at restless volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0548-y","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, A., Crider, J.G., Schilling, S.P., and Dzurisin, D., 2012, Rapid, low-cost photogrammetry to monitor volcanic eruptions: An example from Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0548-y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","ipdsId":"IP-029276","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22993850708006,\n 46.166754488708506\n ],\n [\n -122.14702606201172,\n 46.166754488708506\n ],\n [\n -122.14702606201172,\n 46.231034280827245\n ],\n [\n -122.22993850708006,\n 46.231034280827245\n ],\n [\n -122.22993850708006,\n 46.166754488708506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85622e4b03bc63bd679b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":36650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crider, Juliet G.","contributorId":78580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crider","given":"Juliet","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041736,"text":"70041736 - 2012 - Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T20:46:43","indexId":"70041736","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity","docAbstract":"United States (U.S.) energy policy includes an expectation that bioenergy will be a substantial future energy source. In particular, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) aims to increase annual U.S. biofuel (secondary bioenergy) production by more than 3-fold, from 40 to 136 billion liters ethanol, which implies an even larger increase in biomass demand (primary energy), from roughly 2.9 to 7.4 EJ yr–1. However, our understanding of many of the factors used to establish such energy targets is far from complete, introducing significgant uncertainty into the feasibility of current estimates of bioenergy potential. Here, we utilized satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) data—measured for every 1 km2 of the 7.2 million km2 of vegetated land in the conterminous U.S.—to estimate primary bioenergy potential (PBP). Our results indicate that PBP of the conterminous U.S. ranges from roughly 5.9 to 22.2 EJ yr–1, depending on land use. The low end of this range represents the potential when harvesting residues only, while the high end would require an annual biomass harvest over an area more than three times current U.S. agricultural extent. While EISA energy targets are theoretically achievable, we show that meeting these targets utilizing current technology would require either an 80% displacement of current crop harvest or the conversion of 60% of rangeland productivity. Accordingly, realistically constrained estimates of bioenergy potential are critical for effective incorporation of bioenergy into the national energy portfolio.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es203935d","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., Cleveland, C.C., Reed, S.C., Miller, N., and Running, S.W., 2012, Bioenergy potential of the United States constrained by satellite observations of existing productivity: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 3536-3544, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203935d.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3536","endPage":"3544","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-034254","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263957,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es203935d"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172.5,18.9 ], [ -172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ -172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c855eae4b03bc63bd6798a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, W. Kolby","contributorId":9933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"W. Kolby","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Norman L.","contributorId":87830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Norman L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041655,"text":"70041655 - 2012 - Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T08:49:36","indexId":"70041655","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?","docAbstract":"Insect disturbance is often thought to increase fire risk through enhanced fuel loadings, particularly in coniferous forest ecosystems. Yet insect disturbances also affect successional pathways and landscape structure that interact with fire disturbances (and vice-versa) over longer time scales. We applied a landscape succession and disturbance model (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the relative strength of interactions between spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks and fire disturbances in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northern Minnesota (USA). Disturbance interactions were evaluated for two different scenarios: presettlement forests and fire regimes vs. contemporary forests and fire regimes. Forest composition under the contemporary scenario trended toward mixtures of deciduous species (primarily Betula papyrifera and Populus spp.) and shade-tolerant conifers (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea, Thuja occidentalis), with disturbances dominated by a combination of budworm defoliation and high-severity fires. The presettlement scenario retained comparatively more “big pines” (i.e., Pinus strobus, P. resinosa) and tamarack (L. laricina), and experienced less budworm disturbance and a comparatively less-severe fire regime. Spruce budworm disturbance decreased area burned and fire severity under both scenarios when averaged across the entire 300-year simulations. Contrary to past research, area burned and fire severity during outbreak decades were each similar to that observed in non-outbreak decades. Our analyses suggest budworm disturbances within forests of the BWCA have a comparatively weak effect on long-term forest composition due to a combination of characteristics. These include strict host specificity, fine-scaled patchiness created by defoliation damage, and advance regeneration of its primary host, balsam fir (A. balsamea) that allows its host to persist despite repeated disturbances. Understanding the nature of the three-way interaction between budworm, fire, and composition has important ramifications for both fire mitigation strategies and ecosystem restoration initiatives. We conclude that budworm disturbance can partially mitigate long-term future fire risk by periodically reducing live ladder fuel within the mixed forest types of the BWCA but will do little to reverse the compositional trends caused in part by reduced fire rotations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-0590.1","usgsCitation":"Sturtevant, B., Miranda, B.R., Shinneman, D., Gustafson, E., and Wolter, P.T., 2012, Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1278-1296, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0590.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1278","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-038937","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/195","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263906,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0590.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Boundary Waters Canoe Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.621269,48.019333 ], [ -90.621269,48.112644 ], [ -90.017044,48.112644 ], [ -90.017044,48.019333 ], [ -90.621269,48.019333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85601e4b03bc63bd67996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturtevant, Brian R.","contributorId":45126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Brian R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Brian R.","contributorId":71395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J.","contributorId":70195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gustafson, Eric J.","contributorId":70196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Eric J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolter, Peter T.","contributorId":76556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041730,"text":"sir20125238 - 2012 - Characterization of the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, and identification of hydrologic data gaps, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T14:46:08","indexId":"sir20125238","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5238","title":"Characterization of the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, and identification of hydrologic data gaps, 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with San Miguel County, New Mexico, conducted a study to assess publicly available information regarding the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County and to identify data gaps in that information and hydrologic information that could aid in the management of available water resources. The USGS operates four continuous annual streamgages in San Miguel County. Monthly discharge at these streamgages is generally bimodally distributed, with most runoff corresponding to spring runoff and to summer monsoonal rains. Data compiled since 1951 on the geology and groundwater resources of San Miguel County are generally consistent with the original characterization of depth and availability of groundwater resources and of source aquifers. Subsequent exploratory drilling identified deep available groundwater in some locations. Most current (2011) development of groundwater resources is in western San Miguel County, particularly in the vicinity of El Creston hogback, the hogback ridge just west of Las Vegas, where USGS groundwater-monitoring wells indicate that groundwater levels are declining. \n\nRegarding future studies to address identified data gaps, the ability to evaluate and quantify surface-water resources, both as runoff and as potential groundwater recharge, could be enhanced by expanding the network of streamgages and groundwater-monitoring wells throughout the county. A series of seepage surveys along the lengths of the rivers could help to determine locations of surface-water losses to and gains from the local groundwater system and could help to quantify the component of streamflow attributable to irrigation return flow; associated synoptic water-quality sampling could help to identify potential effects to water quality attributable to irrigation return flow. Effects of groundwater withdrawals on streamflow could be assessed by constructing monitoring wells along transects between production wells and stream reaches of interest to monitor decline or recovery of the water table, to quantify the timing and extent of water-table response, and to identify the spatial extent of capture zones. Assessment of groundwater potential could be aided by a county-wide distribution of water-level information and by a series of maps of groundwater potential, compiled for each individual aquifer, including saline aquifers, for which the potential for municipal use through desalination could be explored. A county-wide geographic information system hydrologic geodatabase could provide a comprehensive picture of water use in San Miguel County and could be used by San Miguel County as a decision-support tool for future management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Miguel County, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Matherne, A.M., and Stewart, A.M., 2012, Characterization of the hydrologic resources of San Miguel County, New Mexico, and identification of hydrologic data gaps, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5238, Report: viii, 44 p.; XLSX Table 5, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125238.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; XLSX Table 5","numberOfPages":"56","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5238/sir2012-5238.pdf"},{"id":263944,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5238/sir2012-5238_table5.xlsx"},{"id":263945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5238.gif"},{"id":263942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5238/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Miguel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.7222,35.0416 ], [ -105.7222,35.871 ], [ -103.637,35.871 ], [ -103.637,35.0416 ], [ -105.7222,35.0416 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c855fce4b03bc63bd67992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041731,"text":"sir20105090F - 2012 - Porphyry copper assessment of the Tibetan Plateau, China: Chapter F in Global mineral resource assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70041731,"text":"sir20105090F - 2012 - Porphyry copper assessment of the Tibetan Plateau, China: Chapter F in Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090F","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of the Tibetan Plateau, China: Chapter F in Global mineral resource assessment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:15:51","indexId":"sir20105090F","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"F","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of the Tibetan Plateau, China: Chapter F in Global mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collaborated with the China Geological Survey to conduct a mineral-resource assessment of resources in porphyry copper deposits on the Tibetan Plateau in western China. This area hosts several very large porphyry deposits, exemplified by the Yulong and Qulong deposits, each containing at least 7,000,000 metric tons (t) of copper. However, large parts of the area are underexplored and are likely to contain undiscovered porphyry copper deposits.
\nThree tracts were delineated as permissive for porphyry copper deposits on the Tibetan Plateau—the Yulong (Eocene and Oligocene), Dali (Eocene through Miocene), and Gangdese (Oligocene and Miocene) tracts. The tracts were defined based on mapped and inferred subsurface distributions of igneous rocks of specific age ranges in which the occurrence of porphyry copper deposits is possible. These tracts range in area from about 95,000 to about 240,000 square kilometers. Although maps of different scales were used in the assessment, the final tract boundaries are intended for use at a scale of 1:1,000,000.
\nThe deposits on the Tibetan Plateau all formed in a post-subduction environment, one newly recognized as permissive for the occurrence of porphyry copper deposits. Based on the grade, tonnage, and geologic characteristics of the known deposits, two tracts, Yulong and Gangdese, were evaluated using the general (Cu-Mo-Au) porphyry copper grade and tonnage model. The Dali tract was evaluated using the gold-rich (Cu-Au) submodel. Assessment participants estimated numbers of undiscovered deposits at different levels of confidence for each permissive tract. These estimates were then combined with the selected grade and tonnage models using Monte Carlo simulation to generate quantitative probabilistic estimates of undiscovered resources. Additional resources in extensions of deposits with identified resources were not specifically evaluated.
\nAssessment results, presented in tables and graphs, show mean expected amounts of metal and rock in undiscovered deposits at different quantile levels, as well as the arithmetic mean for each tract. This assessment estimated a mean of 39 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within the assessed permissive tracts on the Tibetan Plateau. This represents nearly four times the number of known deposits (11) already discovered. Predicted mean (arithmetic) resources that could be associated with the undiscovered deposits are about 145,000,000 t of copper and about 4,900 t of gold, as well as byproduct molybdenum and silver. Reliable reports of the identified resources in the 11 known deposits total about 27,000,000 t of copper and about 800 t of gold. Therefore, based on the assessments of undiscovered Tibetan Plateau resources in this report, about six times as much copper may occur in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits as has been identified to date.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the China Geological Survey and the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Hammarstrom, J.M., Robinson, G.R., Mars, J.L., and Miller, R.J., 2012, Porphyry copper assessment of the Tibetan Plateau, China: Chapter F in Global mineral resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: viii, 63 p.; Metadata folder; GIS data zip package, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090F.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 63 p.; Metadata folder; GIS data zip package","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5090_f.gif"},{"id":263952,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/f/sir2010-5090f_gis.zip"},{"id":263951,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/f/sir2010-5090f_metadata"},{"id":263949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/f/"},{"id":263950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/f/sir2010-5090f_text.pdf"}],"projection":"Asia North Albers Equal Area","country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 84.990234375,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n 90.17578124999999,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n 92.8125,\n 28.76765910569123\n ],\n [\n 97.20703125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n 98.61328125,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n 101.25,\n 22.836945920943855\n ],\n [\n 104.150390625,\n 23.241346102386135\n ],\n [\n 103.71093749999999,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n 101.42578124999999,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n 97.646484375,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n 90.703125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n 85.166015625,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n 82.177734375,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n 84.990234375,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85619e4b03bc63bd679aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mars, John L. jmars@usgs.gov","contributorId":3428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041732,"text":"ofr20121179 - 2012 - Gold deposits of the Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States--Age and origin of the major gold producers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T09:02:57","indexId":"ofr20121179","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1179","title":"Gold deposits of the Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States--Age and origin of the major gold producers","docAbstract":"Gold- and iron sulfide-bearing deposits of the southeastern United States have distinctive mineralogical and geochemical features that provide a basis for constructing models of ore genesis for exploration and assessment of gold resources. The largest (historic) deposits, in approximate million ounces of gold (Moz Au), include those in the Haile (~ 4.2 Moz Au), Ridgeway (~1.5 Moz Au), Brewer (~0.25 Moz Au), and Barite Hill (0.6 Moz Au) mines. Host rocks are Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic (~553 million years old) metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Carolina Slate Belt that share a geologic affinity with the classic Avalonian tectonic zone. The inferred syngenetic and epithermal-subvolcanic quartz-porphyry settings occur stratigraphically between sequences of metavolcanic rocks of the Persimmon Fork and Uwharrie Formations and overlying volcanic and epiclastic rocks of the Tillery and Richtex Formations (and regional equivalents). The Carolina Slate Belt is highly prospective for many types of gold ore hosted within quartz-sericite-pyrite altered volcanic rocks, juvenile metasedimentary rocks, and in associated shear zones. For example, sheared and deformed auriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits at Barite Hill, South Carolina, and in the Gold Hill trend, North Carolina, are hosted primarily by laminated mudstone and felsic volcanic to volcaniclastic rocks. The high-sulfidation epithermal style of gold mineralization at Brewer and low-sulfidation gold ores of the Champion pit at Haile occur in breccias associated with subvolcanic quartz porphyry and within crystal-rich tuffs, ash flows, and subvolcanic rhyolite. The Ridgeway and Haile deposits are primarily epithermal replacements and feeder zones within (now) metamorphosed crystal-rich tuffs, volcaniclastic sediments, and siltstones originally deposited in a marine volcanic-arc basinal setting. Recent discoveries in the region include (1) extensions of known deposits, such as at Haile where drilling has identified an extensive gold-rich feeder system; and (2) newly discovered prospects like the porphyry-style gold-copper-molybdenum occurrence reported at Deep River, N.C. Gold ores at Ridgeway and Haile represent the low-sulfidation, disseminated, shallow subaqueous tuffaceous equivalents of intrusion-related high-sulfidation ores such as those at Brewer. Haile also has mineralogical features that support a stockwork disseminated model of pyrite-gold-sericite mineralization in which a significant amount of ore was deposited in sediments at or near the surface. The potential is high for gold-rich ore at depth in the funnel-shaped feeder zones that likely underlie such surface variants of high sulfidation–low sulfidation epithermal systems and for new discoveries of similar deposits in areas undercover. Exploration strategies for large-scale gold-mineralizing systems applied to rocks of the Carolina Slate Belt, and by extension, the Carolinian-Avalonian tectonic zone of North America, benefit from applying subvolcanic and basinal epithermal models for gold mineralization.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121179","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., and Ayuso, R.A., 2012, Gold deposits of the Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States--Age and origin of the major gold producers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1179, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121179.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1179.gif"},{"id":263946,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1179/"},{"id":263947,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1179/pdf/ofr2012-1179.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina;South Carolina;Virginia;Georgia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85611e4b03bc63bd679a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}