Management of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations requires the periodic assessment of life history metrics such as survival rate. This information is frequently obtained during short-term capture and marking efforts (e.g., over the course of three years) that result in hundreds of marked bears remaining in the population after active marking is finished. Using 10 additional years of harvest recovery subsequent to a period of active marking, we provide updated estimates of annual survival for polar bears in the Baffin Bay population of Greenland and Canada. Our analysis suggests a decline in survival of polar bears since the period of active marking that ended in 1997; some of the decline in survival can likely be attributed to a decline in springtime ice concentration over the continental shelf of Baffin Island. The variance around the survival estimates is comparatively high because of the declining number of marks available; therefore, results must be interpreted with caution. The variance of the estimates of survival increased most substantially in the sixth year post-marking. When survival estimates calculated with recovery-only and recapture-recovery data sets from the period of active marking were compared, survival rates were indistinguishable. However, for the period when fewer marks were available, survival estimates were lower using the recovery-only data set, which indicates that part of the decline we detected for 2003 – 09 may be due to using only harvest recovery data. Nevertheless, the decline in the estimates of survival is consistent with population projections derived from harvest numbers and earlier vital rates, as well as with an observed decline in the extent of sea ice habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic4237","usgsCitation":"Peacock, E.L., Laake, J., Laidre, K., Born, E.W., and Atkinson, S.N., 2012, The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival: Arctic, v. 65, no. 4, p. 391-400, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4237.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"400","ipdsId":"IP-036229","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.86,63.91 ], [ -99.86,81.64 ], [ -48.67,81.64 ], [ -48.67,63.91 ], [ -99.86,63.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78c1e4b0b2908510c5e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laake, Jeff","contributorId":81444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laake","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laidre, Kristin L.","contributorId":37646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"Kristin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041645,"text":"sir20125155 - 2012 - Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:07","indexId":"sir20125155","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5155","title":"Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The yield of bedrock wells in the fractured-bedrock aquifers of the Nashoba terrane and surrounding area, central and eastern Massachusetts, was investigated with analyses of existing data. Reported well yield was compiled for 7,287 wells from Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and U.S. Geological Survey databases. Yield of these wells ranged from 0.04 to 625 gallons per minute. In a comparison with data from 103 supply wells, yield and specific capacity from aquifer tests were well correlated, indicating that reported well yield was a reasonable measure of aquifer characteristics in the study area.\n\nStatistically significant relations were determined between well yield and a number of cultural and hydrogeologic factors. Cultural variables included intended water use, well depth, year of construction, and method of yield measurement. Bedrock geology, topography, surficial geology, and proximity to surface waters were statistically significant hydrogeologic factors. Yield of wells was higher in areas of granites, mafic intrusive rocks, and amphibolites than in areas of schists and gneisses or pelitic rocks; higher in valleys and low-slope areas than on hills, ridges, or high slopes; higher in areas overlain by stratified glacial deposits than in areas overlain by till; and higher in close proximity to streams, ponds, and wetlands than at greater distances from these surface-water features. Proximity to mapped faults and to lineaments from aerial photographs also were related to well yield by some measures in three quadrangles in the study area. Although the statistical significance of these relations was high, their predictive power was low, and these relations explained little of the variability in the well-yield data.\n\nSimilar results were determined from a multivariate regression analysis. Multivariate regression models for the Nashoba terrane and for a three-quadrangle subarea included, as significant variables, many of the cultural and hydrogeologic factors that were individually related to well yield, in ways that are consistent with conceptual understanding of their effects, but the models explained only 21 percent (regional model for the entire terrane) and 30 percent (quadrangle model) of the overall variance in yield. Moreover, most of the explained variance was due to well characteristics rather than hydrogeologic factors. Hydrogeologic factors such as topography and geology are likely important. However, the overall high variability in the well-yield data, which results from the high variability in aquifer hydraulic properties as well as from limitations of the dataset, would make it difficult to use hydrogeologic factors to predict well yield in the study area.\n\nGeostatistical analysis (variograms), on the other hand, indicated that, although highly variable, the well-yield data are spatially correlated. The spatial continuity appears greater in the northeast-southwest direction and less in the southeast-northwest direction, directions that are parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the regional geologic structural trends. Geostatistical analysis (kriging), used to estimate yield values throughout the study area, identified regional-scale areas of higher and lower yield that may be related to regional structural features—in particular, to a northeast-southwest trending regional fault zone within the Nashoba terrane. It also would be difficult to use kriging to predict yield at specific locations, however, because of the spatial variability in yield, particularly at small scales. The regional-scale analyses in this study, both with hydrogeologic variables and geostatistics, provide a context for understanding the variability in well yield, rather a basis for precise predictions, and site-specific information would be needed to understand local conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., and Barbaro, J.R., 2012, Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5155, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125155.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"86","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PV6HTP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bedrock well yield, lineaments, and ancillary data in the Nashoba Terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts"},{"id":263904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5155.jpg"},{"id":263902,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5155/"},{"id":263903,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5155/pdf/sir2012-5155_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Webster;Dudley;Newbury;Rowley;Salisbury;Worcester","otherGeospatial":"Sudbury River;Assabet River;Concord River;Blackstone River;Ipswich River;Parker River;French River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.0209,41.9962 ], [ -72.0209,42.8921 ], [ -70.675,42.8921 ], [ -70.675,41.9962 ], [ -72.0209,41.9962 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c70477e4b0ebb3997466d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041641,"text":"70041641 - 2012 - Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-10T11:27:29","indexId":"70041641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation","docAbstract":"Wetlands in the Mississippi River deltaic plain are deteriorating in part because levees and control structures starve them of sediment. In Spring of 2011 a record-breaking flood brought discharge on the lower Mississippi River to dangerous levels, forcing managers to divert up to 3500 m3/s-1 of water to the Atchafalaya River Basin. Here we quantify differences between the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River inundation and sediment-plume patterns using field-calibrated satellite data, and assess the impact these outflows had on wetland sedimentation. We characterize hydrodynamics and suspended sediment patterns of the Mississippi River plume using in-situ data collected during the historic flood. We show that the focused, high-momentum jet from the leveed Mississippi delivered sediment far offshore. In contrast, the plume from the Atchafalaya was more diffuse; diverted water inundated a large area; and sediment was trapped within the coastal current. Maximum sedimentation (up to several centimetres) occurred in the Atchafalaya Basin despite the larger sediment load carried by the Mississippi. Minimum accumulation occurred along the shoreline between these river sources. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between river-mouth dynamics and wetland sedimentation patterns that is relevant for plans to restore deltaic wetlands using artificial diversions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1615","usgsCitation":"Falcini, F., Khan, N., Macelloni, L., Horton, B.P., Lutken, C.B., McKee, K.L., Santoleri, R., Colella, S., Li, C., Volpe, G., D’Emidio, M., Salusti, A., and Jerolmack, D.J., 2012, Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 803-807, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1615.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-037659","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263900,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1615"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c70468e4b0ebb3997466d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcini, Federico","contributorId":10305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcini","given":"Federico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khan, Nicole S.","contributorId":52466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Nicole S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macelloni, Leonardo","contributorId":78621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macelloni","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutken, Carol B.","contributorId":69433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutken","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":8927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santoleri, Rosalia","contributorId":69434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santoleri","given":"Rosalia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Colella, Simone","contributorId":61309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colella","given":"Simone","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, Chunyan","contributorId":101163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Chunyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Volpe, Gianluca","contributorId":86656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volpe","given":"Gianluca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"D’Emidio, Marco","contributorId":94564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Emidio","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Salusti, Alessandro","contributorId":68618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salusti","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jerolmack, Douglas J.","contributorId":78622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerolmack","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70041420,"text":"70041420 - 2012 - Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T19:06:56.630035","indexId":"70041420","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau","docAbstract":"The chemistry of Yellowstone fumarole gases shows the existence of two component waters, type MC, influenced by the addition of deep mantle fluid, and type CC, influenced by crustal interactions (CC). MC is high in 3He/4He (22 Ra) and low in 4He/40Ar (∼1), reflecting input of deep mantle components. The other water is characterized by 4He concentrations 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than air-saturated meteoric water (ASW). These high He concentrations originate through circulation in Pleistocene volcanic rocks, as well as outgassing of Tertiary and older (including Archean) basement, some of which could be particularly rich in uranium, a major 4He source. Consideration of CO2–CH4–CO–H2O–H2 gas equilibrium reactions indicates equilibration temperatures from 170 °C to 310 °C. The estimated temperatures highly correlate with noble-gas variations, suggesting that the two waters differ in temperature. Type CC is ∼170 °C whereas the MC is hotter, at 340 °C. This result is similar to models proposed by previous studies of thermal water chemistry. However, instead of mixing the deep hot component simply with cold, meteoric waters we argue that addition of a 4He-rich component, equilibrated at temperatures around 170 °C, is necessary to explain the range in fumarole gas chemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.051","usgsCitation":"Chiodini, G., Caliro, S., Lowenstern, J.B., Evans, W.C., Bergfeld, D., Tassi, F., and Tedesco, D., 2012, Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 89, p. 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.051.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"278","ipdsId":"IP-037576","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.00,44.33 ], [ -111.00,44.50 ], [ -110.00,44.50 ], [ -110.00,44.33 ], [ -111.00,44.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"89","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58fce4b00ab7c548c6bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiodini, Giovanni","contributorId":78223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiodini","given":"Giovanni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caliro, Stefano","contributorId":10697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caliro","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tassi, Franco","contributorId":95776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tassi","given":"Franco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tedesco, Dario","contributorId":16728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tedesco","given":"Dario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70041421,"text":"70041421 - 2012 - Improving the accuracy of S02 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:56:47","indexId":"70041421","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the accuracy of S02 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account","docAbstract":"Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is monitored using ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy at numerous volcanoes around the world due to its importance as a measure of volcanic activity and a tracer for other gaseous species. Recent studies have shown that failure to take realistic radiative transfer into account during the spectral retrieval of the collected data often leads to large errors in the calculated emission rates. Here, the framework for a new evaluation method which couples a radiative transfer model to the spectral retrieval is described. In it, absorption spectra are simulated, and atmospheric parameters are iteratively updated in the model until a best match to the measurement data is achieved. The evaluation algorithm is applied to two example Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements conducted at Kilauea volcano (Hawaii). The resulting emission rates were 20 and 90% higher than those obtained with a conventional DOAS retrieval performed between 305 and 315 nm, respectively, depending on the different SO2 and aerosol loads present in the volcanic plume. The internal consistency of the method was validated by measuring and modeling SO2 absorption features in a separate wavelength region around 375 nm and comparing the results. Although additional information about the measurement geometry and atmospheric conditions is needed in addition to the acquired spectral data, this method for the first time provides a means of taking realistic three-dimensional radiative transfer into account when analyzing UV-spectral absorption measurements of volcanic SO2 plumes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JD017936","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Deutschmann, T., Werner, C., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., and Kelly, P., 2012, Improving the accuracy of S02 column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 117, 23 p.; D20302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017936.","productDescription":"23 p.; D20302","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-037318","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017936"}],"country":"United States","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58ece4b00ab7c548c6ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deutschmann, Tim","contributorId":57742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutschmann","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia 0000-0003-3311-6694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-6694","contributorId":11444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J.","contributorId":72685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041416,"text":"70041416 - 2012 - Impact of reduced near-field entrainment of overpressured volcanic jets on plume development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:34:08","indexId":"70041416","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of reduced near-field entrainment of overpressured volcanic jets on plume development","docAbstract":"Volcanic plumes are often studied using one-dimensional analytical models, which use an empirical entrainment ratio to close the equations. Although this ratio is typically treated as constant, its value near the vent is significantly reduced due to flow development and overpressured conditions. To improve the accuracy of these models, a series of experiments was performed using particle image velocimetry, a high-accuracy, full-field velocity measurement technique. Experiments considered a high-speed jet with Reynolds numbers up to 467,000 and exit pressures up to 2.93 times atmospheric. Exit gas densities were also varied from 0.18 to 1.4 times that of air. The measured velocity was integrated to determine entrainment directly. For jets with exit pressures near atmospheric, entrainment was approximately 30% less than the fully developed level at 20 diameters from the exit. At pressures nearly three times that of the atmosphere, entrainment was 60% less. These results were introduced into Plumeria, a one-dimensional plume model, to examine the impact of reduced entrainment. The maximum column height was only slightly modified, but the critical radius for collapse was significantly reduced, decreasing by nearly a factor of two at moderate eruptive pressures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008862","usgsCitation":"Saffaraval, F., Solovitz, S.A., Ogden, D.E., and Mastin, L.G., 2012, Impact of reduced near-field entrainment of overpressured volcanic jets on plume development: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. B05209, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008862.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-032920","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008862","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264048,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008862"}],"country":"United States","volume":"117","issue":"B05209","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58e7e4b00ab7c548c6a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saffaraval, Farhad","contributorId":74265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffaraval","given":"Farhad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solovitz, Stephen A.","contributorId":21434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solovitz","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogden, Darcy E.","contributorId":15492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogden","given":"Darcy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041650,"text":"70041650 - 2012 - Estimating recruitment dynamics and movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an integrated assessment model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T11:30:49","indexId":"70041650","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating recruitment dynamics and movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an integrated assessment model","docAbstract":"We used an integrated assessment model to examine effects of flow from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, USA, on recruitment of nonnative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River and to estimate downstream migration from Glen Canyon to Marble Canyon, a reach used by endangered native fish. Over a 20-year period, recruitment of rainbow trout in Glen Canyon increased with the annual flow volume and when hourly flow variation was reduced and after two of three controlled floods. The model predicted that approximately 16 000 trout·year–1 emigrated to Marble Canyon and that the majority of trout in this reach originate from Glen Canyon. For most models that were examined, over 70% of the variation in emigration rates was explained by variation in recruitment in Glen Canyon, suggesting that flow from the dam controls in large part the extent of potential negative interactions between rainbow trout and native fish. Controlled floods and steadier flows, which were originally aimed at partially restoring conditions before the dam (greater native fish abundance and larger sand bars), appear to have been more beneficial to nonnative rainbow trout than to native fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f2012-097","usgsCitation":"Korman, J., Martell, S., Walters, C.J., Makinster, A.S., Coggins, L., Yard, M., and Persons, W.R., 2012, Estimating recruitment dynamics and movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an integrated assessment model: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 69, no. 11, p. 1827-1849, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2012-097.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1827","endPage":"1849","ipdsId":"IP-031309","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263926,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-097"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam;Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.67382,36.392808 ], [ -111.67382,37.001676 ], [ -111.12197,37.001676 ], [ -111.12197,36.392808 ], [ -111.67382,36.392808 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c86422e4b03bc63bd679ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":29922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martell, Steven","contributorId":83000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martell","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, Carl J.","contributorId":25122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Makinster, Andrew S.","contributorId":103629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makinster","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coggins, Lewis G.","contributorId":43249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coggins","given":"Lewis G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":8577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Persons, William R. wpersons@usgs.gov","contributorId":4028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persons","given":"William","email":"wpersons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70041635,"text":"70041635 - 2012 - Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-09T18:13:06","indexId":"70041635","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought","docAbstract":"Soils deliver several ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are of central importance to climate mitigation and sustainable food production. Soil biota play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and, although the effects of land use on soil food webs are well documented the consequences for their resistance and resilience to climate change are not known. We compared the resistance and resilience to drought--which is predicted to increase under climate change of soil food webs of two common land-use systems: intensively managed wheat with a bacterial-based soil food web and extensively managed grassland with a fungal-based soil food web. We found that the fungal-based food web, and the processes of C and N loss it governs, of grassland soil was more resistant, although not resilient, and better able to adapt to drought than the bacterial-based food web of wheat soil. Structural equation modelling revealed that fungal-based soil food webs and greater microbial evenness mitigated C and N loss. Our findings show that land use strongly affects the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to climate change, and that extensively managed grassland promotes more resistant, and adaptable, fungal-based soil food webs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1368","usgsCitation":"de Vries, F.T., Liiri, M.E., Bjornlund, L., Bowker, M.A., Christensen, S., Setala, H., and Bardgett, R.D., 2012, Land use alters the resistance and resilience of soil food webs to drought: Nature Climate Change, v. 2012, no. 2, p. 276-280, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1368.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"280","ipdsId":"IP-026647","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":263891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263890,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1368"}],"volume":"2012","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c5b2e6e4b0bb9e8683ff09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Vries, Franciska T.","contributorId":24248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Vries","given":"Franciska","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liiri, Mira E.","contributorId":26204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liiri","given":"Mira","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bjornlund, Lisa","contributorId":104362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornlund","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Soren","contributorId":54082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Soren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Setala, Heikki","contributorId":89033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setala","given":"Heikki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bardgett, Richard D.","contributorId":42851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bardgett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70041627,"text":"sir20125225 - 2012 - Century-scale perspective on water quality in selected river basins of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-08T15:59:58","indexId":"sir20125225","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5225","title":"Century-scale perspective on water quality in selected river basins of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Nutrient pollution in the form of excess nitrogen and phosphorus inputs is a well-known cause of water-quality degradation that has affected water bodies across the Nation throughout the 20th century. The recognition of excess nutrients as pollution developed later than the recognition of other water-quality problems, such as waterborne illness, industrial pollution, and organic wastes. Nevertheless, long-term analysis of nutrient pollution is fundamental to our understanding of the current magnitude of the problem, as well the origins and the effects. This report describes the century-scale changes in water quality across a range streams in order to place current water-quality concerns in historical context and presents this history on a national scale as well as for selected river reaches. The primary focus is on nutrient pollution, but the development and societal responses to other water-quality problems also are considered. Land use and agriculture in the selected river reaches also are analyzed to consider how these factors may relate to nutrient pollution. Finally, the availability of relevant nutrient and inorganic carbon data are presented for the selected river reaches. Sources of these data included Federal agencies, State-level reports, municipal public works facilities, public health surveys, and sanitary surveys. The availability of these data extends back more than a century for most of the selected river reaches and suggests that there is a tremendous opportunity to document the development of nutrient pollution in these river reaches.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125225","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., Kelly, V.J., Broussard, W.P., Smith, T.E., and Crawford, C.G., 2012, Century-scale perspective on water quality in selected river basins of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5225, viii, 108 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125225.","productDescription":"viii, 108 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"120","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5225.jpg"},{"id":263871,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5225/"},{"id":263872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5225/pdf/sir20125225.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,24.0 ], [ -125.0,50.0 ], [ -65.0,50.0 ], [ -65.0,24.0 ], [ -125.0,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46176e4b0e44331d07158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, Edward G.","contributorId":96559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Valerie J. vjkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Valerie","email":"vjkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broussard, Whitney P. III","contributorId":62101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broussard","given":"Whitney","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Thor E. tesmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thor","email":"tesmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041628,"text":"70041628 - 2012 - A comparison of artificial incubation and natural incubation hatching success of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) eggs in southern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-08T20:35:23","indexId":"70041628","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of artificial incubation and natural incubation hatching success of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) eggs in southern Mississippi","docAbstract":"Recent studies have found that Gopher Tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, populations in southern Mississippi exhibit low recruitment, due in part to very low hatching success of their eggs. We sought to determine if the cause(s) of this low hatching success was related to egg quality (intrinsic factors), unsuitability of the nest environment (extrinsic factors), or a combination of the two. In 2003, hatching success was monitored simultaneously for eggs from the same clutches that were incubated in the laboratory and left to incubate in nests. A subset of randomly chosen eggs from each clutch was incubated in the laboratory under physical conditions that were known to be conducive to successful hatching to estimate the proportion of eggs that were capable of hatching in a controlled setting. Hatching success in the laboratory was compared with that of eggs incubated in natural nests to estimate the proportion of eggs that failed to hatch presumably from extrinsic factors. Laboratory hatching success was 58.8%, suggesting that roughly 40% of the eggs were intrinsically incapable of hatching even when incubated under controlled conditions. Hatching success in natural nests, 16.7%, was significantly lower than hatching success in the laboratory, suggesting that approximately 42.1% of eggs were capable of hatching but failed to hatch due to some extrinsic aspect(s) of the nest environment. Thus, the low hatching success of Gopher Tortoise eggs in southern Mississippi appears to be attributable to a combination of intrinsic (egg quality) and extrinsic (nest environment) factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"http://www.herpetologistsleague.org","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00061.1","usgsCitation":"Noel, K.M., Qualls, C.P., and Ennen, J., 2012, A comparison of artificial incubation and natural incubation hatching success of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) eggs in southern Mississippi: Herpetologica, v. 68, no. 3, p. 324-333, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00061.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"333","ipdsId":"IP-029108","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263874,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00061.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.65,30.17 ], [ -91.65,35.0 ], [ -88.1,35.0 ], [ -88.1,30.17 ], [ -91.65,30.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46169e4b0e44331d07154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noel, Krista M.","contributorId":72678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noel","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qualls, Carl P.","contributorId":19688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qualls","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041587,"text":"70041587 - 2012 - Consequences of declining snow accumulation for water balance of mid-latitude dry regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-08T21:45:47","indexId":"70041587","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of declining snow accumulation for water balance of mid-latitude dry regions","docAbstract":"Widespread documentation of positive winter temperature anomalies, declining snowpack and earlier snow melt in the Northern Hemisphere have raised concerns about the consequences for regional water resources as well as wildfire. A topic that has not been addressed with respect to declining snowpack is effects on ecosystem water balance. Changes in water balance dynamics will be particularly pronounced at low elevations of mid-latitude dry regions because these areas will be the first to be affected by declining snow as a result of rising temperatures. As a model system, we used simulation experiments to investigate big sagebrush ecosystems that dominate a large fraction of the semiarid western United States. Our results suggest that effects on future ecosystem water balance will increase along a climatic gradient from dry, warm and snow-poor to wet, cold and snow-rich. Beyond a threshold within this climatic gradient, predicted consequences for vegetation switched from no change to increasing transpiration. Responses were sensitive to uncertainties in climatic prediction; particularly, a shift of precipitation to the colder season could reduce impacts of a warmer and snow-poorer future, depending on the degree to which ecosystem phenology tracks precipitation changes. Our results suggest that big sagebrush and other similar semiarid ecosystems could decrease in viability or disappear in dry to medium areas and likely increase only in the snow-richest areas, i.e. higher elevations and higher latitudes. Unlike cold locations at high elevations or in the arctic, ecosystems at low elevations respond in a different and complex way to future conditions because of opposing effects of increasing water-limitation and a longer snow-free season. Outcomes of such nonlinear interactions for future ecosystems will likely include changes in plant composition and productivity, dynamics of water balance, and availability of water resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02642.x","usgsCitation":"Schlaepfer, D., Lauenroth, W.K., and Bradford, J.B., 2012, Consequences of declining snow accumulation for water balance of mid-latitude dry regions: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1988-1997, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02642.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1988","endPage":"1997","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-031985","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263877,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02642.x"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c4617ae4b0e44331d0715c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041597,"text":"70041597 - 2012 - Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:48:31","indexId":"70041597","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes.","docAbstract":"Premise of the study: Reconstruction of floristic patterns during the early diversification of angiosperms is impeded by the scarce fossil record, especially in tropical latitudes. Here we collected quantitative palynological data from a stratigraphic sequence in tropical South America to provide floristic and climatic insights into such tropical environments during the Early Cretaceous.\n\nMethods: We reconstructed the floristic composition of an Aptian-Albian tropical sequence from central Colombia using quantitative palynology (rarefied species richness and abundance) and used it to infer its predominant climatic conditions. Additionally, we compared our results with available quantitative data from three other sequences encompassing 70 floristic assemblages to determine latitudinal diversity patterns.\n\nKey results: Abundance of humidity indicators was higher than that of aridity indicators (61% vs. 10%). Additionally, we found an angiosperm latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) for the Aptian, but not for the Albian, and an inverted LDG of the overall diversity for the Albian. Angiosperm species turnover during the Albian, however, was higher in humid tropics.\n\nConclusions: There were humid climates in northwestern South America during the Aptian-Albian interval contrary to the widespread aridity expected for the tropical belt. The Albian inverted overall LDG is produced by a faster increase in per-sample angiosperm and pteridophyte diversity in temperate latitudes. However, humid tropical sequences had higher rates of floristic turnover suggesting a higher degree of morphological variation than in temperate regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1200135","usgsCitation":"Mejia-Velasquez, P., Dilcher, D.L., Jaramillo, C., Fortini, L., and Manchester, S., 2012, Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes.: American Journal of Botany, v. 99, no. 11, p. 1819-1827, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200135.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1819","endPage":"1827","ipdsId":"IP-041295","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263886,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200135"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,13.1 ], [ -32.6,13.1 ], [ -32.6,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,-56.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46194e4b0e44331d07174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mejia-Velasquez, Paula J.","contributorId":19447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mejia-Velasquez","given":"Paula J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dilcher, David L.","contributorId":32208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilcher","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaramillo, Carlos A.","contributorId":76610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaramillo","given":"Carlos A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fortini, Lucas B.","contributorId":10693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manchester, Steven R.","contributorId":24657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manchester","given":"Steven R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041622,"text":"ofr20121242 - 2012 - Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-08T15:28:14","indexId":"ofr20121242","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1242","title":"Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"A study of the geomorphology of rivers draining Mount Rainier, Washington, was completed to identify sources of sediment to the river network; to identify important processes in the sediment delivery system; to assess current sediment loads in rivers draining Mount Rainier; to evaluate if there were trends in streamflow or sediment load since the early 20th century; and to assess how rates of sedimentation might continue into the future using published climate-change scenarios.\n\nRivers draining Mount Rainier carry heavy sediment loads sourced primarily from the volcano that cause acute aggradation in deposition reaches as far away as the Puget Lowland. Calculated yields ranged from 2,000 tonnes per square kilometer per year [(tonnes/km2)/yr] on the upper Nisqually River to 350 (tonnes/km2)/yr on the lower Puyallup River, notably larger than sediment yields of 50–200 (tonnes/km2)/yr typical for other Cascade Range rivers. These rivers can be assumed to be in a general state of sediment surplus. As a result, future aggradation rates will be largely influenced by the underlying hydrology carrying sediment downstream. The active-channel width of rivers directly draining Mount Rainier in 2009, used as a proxy for sediment released from Mount Rainier, changed little between 1965 and 1994 reflecting a climatic period that was relatively quiet hydrogeomorphically. From 1994 to 2009, a marked increase in geomorphic disturbance caused the active channels in many river reaches to widen. Comparing active-channel widths of glacier-draining rivers in 2009 to the distance of glacier retreat between 1913 and 1994 showed no correlation, suggesting that geomorphic disturbance in river reaches directly downstream of glaciers is not strongly governed by the degree of glacial retreat. In contrast, there was a correlation between active-channel width and the percentage of superglacier debris mantling the glacier, as measured in 1971. A conceptual model of sediment delivery processes from the mountain indicates that rockfalls, glaciers, debris flows, and main-stem flooding act sequentially to deliver sediment from Mount Rainier to river reaches in the Puget Lowland over decadal time scales. Greater-than-normal runoff was associated with cool phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Streamflow-gaging station data from four unregulated rivers directly draining Mount Rainier indicated no statistically significant trends of increasing peak flows over the course of the 20th century.\n\nThe total sediment load of the upper Nisqually River from 1945 to 2011 was determined to be 1,200,000±180,000 tonnes/yr. The suspended-sediment load in the lower Puyallup River at Puyallup, Washington, was 860,000±300,000 tonnes/yr between 1978 and 1994, but the long-term load for the Puyallup River likely is about 1,000,000±400,000 tonnes/yr. Using a coarse-resolution bedload transport relation, the long-term average bedload was estimated to be about 30,000 tonnes/yr in the lower White River near Auburn, Washington, which was four times greater than bedload in the Puyallup River and an order of magnitude greater than bedload in the Carbon River. Analyses indicate a general increase in the sediment loads in Mount Rainier rivers in the 1990s and 2000s relative to the time period from the 1960s to 1980s. Data are insufficient, however, to determine definitively if post-1990 increases in sediment production and transport from Mount Rainier represent a statistically significant increase relative to sediment-load values typical from Mount Rainier during the entire 20th century.\n\nOne-dimensional river-hydraulic and sediment-transport models simulated the entrainment, transport, attrition, and deposition of bed material. Simulations showed that bed-material loads were largest for the Nisqually River and smallest for the Carbon River. The models were used to simulate how increases in sediment supply to rivers transport through the river systems and affect lowland reaches. For each simulation, the input sediment pulse evolved through a combination of translation, dispersion, and attrition as it moved downstream. The characteristic transport times for the median sediment-size pulse to arrive downstream for the Nisqually, Carbon, Puyallup, and White Rivers were approximately 70, 300, 80, and 60 years, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121242","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pierce County Public Works and Utilities, Surface Water Management; and King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Magirl, C.S., Czuba, C.R., Curran, C.A., Johnson, K.H., Olsen, T.D., Kimball, H.K., and Gish, C.C., 2012, Geomorphic analysis of the river response to sedimentation downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1242, xii, 134 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121242.","productDescription":"xii, 134 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"150","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040356","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1242.jpg"},{"id":263868,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1242/"},{"id":263869,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1242/pdf/ofr20121242.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,45.54 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -116.92,49.0 ], [ -116.92,45.54 ], [ -124.79,45.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46187e4b0e44331d07168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kimball, Halley K.","contributorId":36431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Halley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gish, Casey C.","contributorId":55245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gish","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70041629,"text":"70041629 - 2012 - Female Agassiz’s desert tortoise activity at a wind energy facility in southern California: The influence of an El Niño event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-08T22:23:31","indexId":"70041629","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2835,"text":"Natural Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Female Agassiz’s desert tortoise activity at a wind energy facility in southern California: The influence of an El Niño event","docAbstract":"We compared spring-summer activity of adult female Agassiz’s Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) among three consecutive years (1997, 1998, and 1999) that differed dramatically in winter rainfall and annual plant production at a wind energy facility in the Sonoran Desert of southern California. Winter rainfall was approximately 71%, 190%, and 17% of the long-term average (October-March = 114 mm) for this area in water years (WY) 1997, 1998, and 1999, respectively. The substantial precipitation caused by an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in WY 1998 produced a generous annual food plant supply (138.2 g dry biomass/ m2) in the spring. Primary production of winter annuals during below average rainfall years (WY 1997 and WY 1999) was reduced to 98.3 and 0.2 g/m2, respectively. Mean rates of movement and mean body condition indices (mass/length) did not differ significantly among the years. The drought year following ENSO (WY 1999) was statistically similar to ENSO in every other measured value, while WY 1997 (end of a two year drought) was statistically different from ENSO using activity area, minimum number of burrows used, and percentage of non-movements. Our data suggest that female G. agassizii activity can be influenced by environmental conditions in previous years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SCIRP","publisherLocation":"Irvine, CA","doi":"10.4236/ns.2012.41006","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J., Meyer-Wilkins, K., and Lovich, J., 2012, Female Agassiz’s desert tortoise activity at a wind energy facility in southern California: The influence of an El Niño event: Natural Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 30-37, https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2012.41006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-029293","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2012.41006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263881,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2012.41006"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c46183e4b0e44331d07164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ennen, Josh R.","contributorId":9930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Josh R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer-Wilkins, Kathie","contributorId":8742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer-Wilkins","given":"Kathie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey","contributorId":102761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041588,"text":"70041588 - 2012 - Elucidating spatially explicit behavioral landscapes in the Willow Flycatcher","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:47:26","indexId":"70041588","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elucidating spatially explicit behavioral landscapes in the Willow Flycatcher","docAbstract":"Animal resource selection is a complex, hierarchical decision-making process, yet resource selection studies often focus on the presence and absence of an animal rather than the animal's behavior at resource use locations. In this study, we investigate foraging and vocalization resource selection in a population of Willow Flycatchers, Empidonax traillii adastus, using Bayesian spatial generalized linear models. These models produce “behavioral landscapes” in which space use and resource selection is linked through behavior. Radio telemetry locations were collected from 35 adult Willow Flycatchers (n = 14 males, n = 13 females, and n = 8 unknown sex) over the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons at Fish Creek, Utah. Results from the 2-stage modeling approach showed that habitat type, perch position, and distance from the arithmetic mean of the home range (in males) or nest site (in females) were important factors influencing foraging and vocalization resource selection. Parameter estimates from the individual-level models indicated high intraspecific variation in the use of the various habitat types and perch heights for foraging and vocalization. On the population level, Willow Flycatchers selected riparian habitat over other habitat types for vocalizing but used multiple habitat types for foraging including mountain shrub, young riparian, and upland forest. Mapping of observed and predicted foraging and vocalization resource selection indicated that the behavior often occurred in disparate areas of the home range. This suggests that multiple core areas may exist in the home ranges of individual flycatchers, and demonstrates that the behavioral landscape modeling approach can be applied to identify spatially and behaviorally distinct core areas. The behavioral landscape approach is applicable to a wide range of animal taxa and can be used to improve our understanding of the spatial context of behavior and resource selection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.013","usgsCitation":"Bakian, A.V., Sullivan, K.A., and Paxton, E.H., 2012, Elucidating spatially explicit behavioral landscapes in the Willow Flycatcher: Ecological Modelling, v. 232, p. 119-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-036512","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Fish Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,37.0 ], [ -114.05,42.0 ], [ -109.04,42.0 ], [ -109.04,37.0 ], [ -114.05,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"232","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c4617fe4b0e44331d07160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakian, Amanda V.","contributorId":70263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakian","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Kimberly A.","contributorId":71847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041456,"text":"70041456 - 2012 - Determination and uncertainty of moment tensors for microearthquakes at Okmok Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:16:29","indexId":"70041456","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination and uncertainty of moment tensors for microearthquakes at Okmok Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Efforts to determine general moment tensors (MTs) for microearthquakes in volcanic areas are often hampered by small seismic networks, which can lead to poorly constrained hypocentres and inadequate modelling of seismic velocity heterogeneity. In addition, noisy seismic signals can make it difficult to identify phase arrivals correctly for small magnitude events. However, small volcanic earthquakes can have source mechanisms that deviate from brittle double-couple shear failure due to magmatic and/or hydrothermal processes. Thus, determining reliable MTs in such conditions is a challenging but potentially rewarding pursuit. We pursued such a goal at Okmok Volcano, Alaska, which erupted recently in 1997 and in 2008. The Alaska Volcano Observatory operates a seismic network of 12 stations at Okmok and routinely catalogues recorded seismicity. Using these data, we have determined general MTs for seven microearthquakes recorded between 2004 and 2007 by inverting peak amplitude measurements of P and S phases. We computed Green's functions using precisely relocated hypocentres and a 3-D velocity model. We thoroughly assessed the quality of the solutions by computing formal uncertainty estimates, conducting a variety of synthetic and sensitivity tests, and by comparing the MTs to solutions obtained using alternative methods. The results show that MTs are sensitive to station distribution and errors in the data, velocity model and hypocentral parameters. Although each of the seven MTs contains a significant non-shear component, we judge several of the solutions to be unreliable. However, several reliable MTs are obtained for a group of previously identified repeating events, and are interpreted as compensated linear-vector dipole events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05574.x","usgsCitation":"Pesicek, J., Sileny, J., Prejean, S., and Thurber, C., 2012, Determination and uncertainty of moment tensors for microearthquakes at Okmok Volcano, Alaska: Geophysical Journal International, v. 190, no. 3, p. 1689-1709, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05574.x.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1689","endPage":"1709","ipdsId":"IP-038948","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05574.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263800,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05574.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Okmok","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.185415,53.457548 ], [ -168.185415,53.477552 ], [ -168.1654,53.477552 ], [ -168.1654,53.457548 ], [ -168.185415,53.457548 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"190","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c3100ee4b0b57f2415d182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pesicek, J. D. 0000-0001-7964-5845","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5845","contributorId":72604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesicek","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sileny, J.","contributorId":14208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileny","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041519,"text":"sir20125227 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for a nine-mile reach of the Des Plaines River from Riverwoods to Mettawa, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T11:39:03","indexId":"sir20125227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5227","title":"Flood-inundation maps for a nine-mile reach of the Des Plaines River from Riverwoods to Mettawa, Illinois","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9-mile reach of the Des Plaines River from Riverwoods to Mettawa, Illinois, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Lake County Stormwater Management Commission and the Villages of Lincolnshire and Riverwoods. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (gage heights) at the USGS streamgage at Des Plaines River at Lincolnshire, Illinois (station no. 05528100). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?05528100. In addition, this streamgage is incorporated into the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/) by the National Weather Service (NWS). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often co-located at USGS streamgages. The NWS forecasted peak-stage information, also shown on the Des Plaines River at Lincolnshire inundation Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was then used to determine seven water-surface profiles for flood stages at roughly 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from the 50- to 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flows. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. These maps, along with information on the Internet regarding current gage height from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lake County Stormwater Management Commission and the Villages of Lincolnshire and Riverwoods","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E., Soong, D., and Sharpe, J.B., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for a nine-mile reach of the Des Plaines River from Riverwoods to Mettawa, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5227, Report: iv, 17 p.; Downloads Directory; 7 Sheets: 11.1 x 17 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125227.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Downloads Directory; 7 Sheets: 11.1 x 17 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5227.gif"},{"id":263804,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/Downloads"},{"id":263802,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/"},{"id":263803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/pdf/SIR20125227_DesPlainesRiver_floodinundation.pdf"},{"id":263805,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_1.pdf"},{"id":263806,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_2.pdf"},{"id":263807,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_3.pdf"},{"id":263808,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_4.pdf"},{"id":263809,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_5.pdf"},{"id":263810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_6.pdf"},{"id":263811,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5227/MapSheets/SIR20125227%20Map_Sheet_7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Lincolnshire;Mettawa;Riverwoods","otherGeospatial":"Des Plaines River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.95,42.15 ], [ -87.95,42.25 ], [ -87.9,42.25 ], [ -87.9,42.15 ], [ -87.95,42.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31024e4b0b57f2415d192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041577,"text":"70041577 - 2012 - Along-shelf current variability on the Catalan inner-shelf (NW Mediterranean)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T16:16:08","indexId":"70041577","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Along-shelf current variability on the Catalan inner-shelf (NW Mediterranean)","docAbstract":"We examine the circulation over the inner shelf of the Catalan Sea using observations of currents obtained from three ADCPs within the inner-shelf (24 and 50 m depth) during March-April 2011. The along-shelf current fluctuations during that period are mainly controlled by the local wind stress on short time scales and by remote pressure gradients on synoptic time scales. Different forcing mechanisms are involved in the along-shelf momentum balance. During storm conditions, wind stress, sea level gradients and the non-linear terms dominate the balance. During weak wind conditions, the momentum balance is controlled by the pressure gradient, while during periods of moderate wind in the presence of considerable stratification, the balance is established between the Coriolis and wind stress terms. Vertical variations of velocity are affected by the strong observed density gradient. The increased vertical shear is accompanied by the development of stratified conditions due to local heating when the wind is not able to counteract (and destroy) stratification. The occasional influence of the Besòs river plume is observed in time scales of hours to days in a limited area in front of Barcelona. The area affected by the plume depends on the vertical extend of the fresher layer, the fast river discharge peak, and the relaxation of cross-shore velocities after northeast storm events. This contribution provides a first interpretation of the inner-shelf dynamics in the Catalan Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JC008182","usgsCitation":"Grifoll, M., Aretxabaleta, A., Espino, M., and Warner, J., 2012, Along-shelf current variability on the Catalan inner-shelf (NW Mediterranean): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. C9, C09027; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008182.","productDescription":"C09027; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-040698","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263855,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008182"}],"otherGeospatial":"Catalan Inner Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -6.03,30.27 ], [ -6.03,45.79 ], [ 36.21,45.79 ], [ 36.21,30.27 ], [ -6.03,30.27 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","issue":"C9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c30feae4b0b57f2415d16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grifoll, Manel","contributorId":41310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grifoll","given":"Manel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.","contributorId":41311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Espino, Manuel","contributorId":88240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espino","given":"Manuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041536,"text":"70041536 - 2012 - Do bioclimate variables improve performance of climate envelope models?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T15:41:55","indexId":"70041536","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do bioclimate variables improve performance of climate envelope models?","docAbstract":"Climate envelope models are widely used to forecast potential effects of climate change on species distributions. A key issue in climate envelope modeling is the selection of predictor variables that most directly influence species. To determine whether model performance and spatial predictions were related to the selection of predictor variables, we compared models using bioclimate variables with models constructed from monthly climate data for twelve terrestrial vertebrate species in the southeastern USA using two different algorithms (random forests or generalized linear models), and two model selection techniques (using uncorrelated predictors or a subset of user-defined biologically relevant predictor variables). There were no differences in performance between models created with bioclimate or monthly variables, but one metric of model performance was significantly greater using the random forest algorithm compared with generalized linear models. Spatial predictions between maps using bioclimate and monthly variables were very consistent using the random forest algorithm with uncorrelated predictors, whereas we observed greater variability in predictions using generalized linear models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.07.018","usgsCitation":"Watling, J., Romañach, S., Bucklin, D.N., Speroterra, C., Brandt, L., Pearlstine, L.G., and Mazzotti, F., 2012, Do bioclimate variables improve performance of climate envelope models?: Ecological Modelling, v. 246, p. 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.07.018.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-030138","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263853,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.07.018"}],"volume":"246","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31016e4b0b57f2415d186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watling, James I.","contributorId":101963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watling","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S.","contributorId":76064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bucklin, David N.","contributorId":44812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucklin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speroterra, Carolina","contributorId":54089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speroterra","given":"Carolina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":18608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pearlstine, Leonard G.","contributorId":34751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70041505,"text":"70041505 - 2012 - Temporal analysis of mtDNA variation reveals decreased genetic diversity in least terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:10:33","indexId":"70041505","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal analysis of mtDNA variation reveals decreased genetic diversity in least terns","docAbstract":"The Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) has undergone large population declines over the last century as a result of direct and indirect anthropogenic factors. The genetic implications of these declines are unknown. We used historical museum specimens (pre-1960) and contemporary (2001–2005) samples to examine range-wide phylogeographic patterns and investigate potential loss in the species' genetic variation. We obtained sequences (522 bp) of the mitochondrial gene for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) from 268 individuals from across the species' range. Phylogeographic analysis revealed no association with geography or traditional subspecies designations. However, we detected potential reductions in genetic diversity in contemporary samples from California and the Atlantic coast Least Tern from that in historical samples, suggesting that current genetic diversity in Least Tern populations is lower than in their pre-1960 counterparts. Our results offer unique insights into changes in the Least Tern's genetic diversity over the past century and highlight the importance and utility of museum specimens in studies of conservation genetics.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2012.110007","usgsCitation":"Draheim, H.M., Baird, P., and Haig, S.M., 2012, Temporal analysis of mtDNA variation reveals decreased genetic diversity in least terns: The Condor, v. 114, no. 1, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","ipdsId":"IP-036362","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31035e4b0b57f2415d1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draheim, Hope M.","contributorId":100711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draheim","given":"Hope","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baird, Patricia","contributorId":105195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041546,"text":"70041546 - 2012 - Body condition of Morelet’s Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from northern Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T15:33:11","indexId":"70041546","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body condition of Morelet’s Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from northern Belize","docAbstract":"Body condition factors have been used as an indicator of health and well-being of crocodilians. We evaluated body condition of Morelet's Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) in northern Belize in relation to biotic (size, sex, and habitat) and abiotic (location, water level, and air temperature) factors. We also tested the hypothesis that high water levels and warm temperatures combine or interact to result in a decrease in body condition. Size class, temperature, and water level explained 20% of the variability in condition of Morelet's Crocodiles in this study. We found that adult crocodiles had higher condition scores than juveniles/subadults but that sex, habitat, and site had no effect. We confirmed our hypothesis that warm temperatures and high water levels interact to decrease body condition. We related body condition of Morelet's Crocodiles to natural fluctuations in air temperatures and water levels in northern Belize, providing baseline conditions for population and ecosystem monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"http://ssarherps.org/","doi":"10.1670/11-188","usgsCitation":"Mazzotti, F., Cherkiss, M.S., Brandt, L., Fujisaki, I., Hart, K., Jeffery, B., McMurry, S.T., Platt, S.G., Rainwater, T.R., and Vinci, J., 2012, Body condition of Morelet’s Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from northern Belize: Journal of Herpetology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 356-362, https://doi.org/10.1670/11-188.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"362","ipdsId":"IP-031096","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263847,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/11-188"}],"country":"Belize","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.2276,15.8856 ], [ -89.2276,18.4959 ], [ -87.4537,18.4959 ], [ -87.4537,15.8856 ], [ -89.2276,15.8856 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31005e4b0b57f2415d17a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":18608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Kristen","contributorId":49253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian","contributorId":55672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McMurry, Scott T.","contributorId":76613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurry","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Platt, Steven G.","contributorId":69031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rainwater, Thomas R.","contributorId":93791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainwater","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vinci, Joy","contributorId":10306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinci","given":"Joy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70041455,"text":"70041455 - 2012 - Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:47:10","indexId":"70041455","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century","docAbstract":"Thousands of ballistic blocks occur around Kīlauea Caldera and record part of the latest major period of explosive activity on the volcano, in late 1790 or within a few years thereafter. The sizes of the blocks – the largest of which is more than 2 m in nominal diameter – and differences in rock types allow the definition of at least 6 dispersal lobes of mostly undetermined relative age. The orientations of the lobes help approximate the locations of vents or explosion sources on the floor of the caldera, now deeply buried by younger lava flows. The vents may have been distributed northward for about 2 km from near the site of the modern Halema'uma'u Crater and were apparently confined to the western half of the caldera. The blocks are entirely lithic except for those in one dispersal lobe, which contains cored bombs and blocks as well as juvenile lapilli. Eruption parameters calculated from EJECT! suggest that the phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosions could have been generated at the water table, about 600 m below the high point on the caldera rim.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Zolkos, S., and Haravitch, B., 2012, Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 231-232, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-035861","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263793,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008"},{"id":263794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.425076,22.199557 ], [ -159.425076,22.223829 ], [ -159.395349,22.223829 ], [ -159.395349,22.199557 ], [ -159.425076,22.199557 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"231-232","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c30ffde4b0b57f2415d176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zolkos, Scott P.","contributorId":103946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolkos","given":"Scott P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haravitch, Ben","contributorId":66147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haravitch","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041515,"text":"pp1794 - 2012 - Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T09:30:01","indexId":"pp1794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794","title":"Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1794 is a four-volume series on the status and trends of the Nation’s land use and land cover, providing an assessment of the rates and causes of land-use and land-cover change in the United States between 1973 and 2000. Volumes A, B, C, and D provide analyses for the Western United States, the Great Plains, the Midwest–South Central United States, and the Eastern United States, respectively. The assessments of land-use and land-cover trends are conducted on an ecoregion-by-ecoregion basis, and each ecoregion assessment is guided by a nationally consistent study design that includes mapping, statistical methods, field studies, and analysis. Individual assessments provide a picture of the characteristics of land change occurring in a given ecoregion; in combination, they provide a framework for understanding the complex national mosaic of change and also the causes and consequences of change. Thus, each volume in this series provides a regional assessment of how (and how fast) land use and land cover are changing, and why. The four volumes together form the first comprehensive picture of land change across the Nation. This report is only one of the products produced by USGS on land-use and land-cover change in the United States. Other reports and land-cover statistics are available online at http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794, 4 Volumes: A-D, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794.","productDescription":"4 Volumes: A-D","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329084,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794D","text":"Professional Paper 1794-D","linkHelpText":"Status and Trends of Land Change in the Eastern United States—1973 to 2000, edited by Kristi L. Sayler, William Acevedo, and Janis L. 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Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001