Endogenous stores of energy allow birds to survive periods of severe weather and food shortage during winter. We documented changes in lipid, protein, moisture, and ash in body tissues of adult female Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) and modeled the energetic costs of wintering. Birds were collected at the extremes of their winter range, in Alaska and Baja California, Mexico. Body lipids decreased over winter for birds in Alaska but increased for those in Baja California. Conversely, body protein increased over winter for Brant in Alaska and remained stable for birds in Baja California. Lipid stores likely fuel migration for Brant wintering in Baja California and ensure winter survival for those in Alaska. Increases in body protein may support earlier reproduction for Brant in Alaska. Predicted energy demands were similar between sites during late winter but avenues of expenditure were different. Birds in Baja California spent more energy on lipid synthesis while those in Alaska incurred higher thermoregulatory costs. Estimated daily intake rates of eelgrass were similar between sites in early winter; however, feeding time was more constrained in Alaska because of high tides and short photoperiods. Despite differences in energetic costs and foraging time, Brant wintering at both sites appeared to be in good condition. We suggest that wintering in Alaska may be more advantageous than long-distance migration if winter survival is similar between sites and constraints on foraging time do not impair body condition. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jmor.10430","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Mason, D., Barboza, P., and Ward, D.H., 2006, Nutritional condition of Pacific Black Brant wintering at the extremes of their range: Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 678-690, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10430.","startPage":"678","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487572,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10430","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10430"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Alaska, Baja California","volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a69d4e4b0c8380cd73efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, D.D.","contributorId":13426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, P.S.","contributorId":44261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barboza","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028291,"text":"70028291 - 2006 - Techniques for identifying predators of goose nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T20:56:52","indexId":"70028291","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Techniques for identifying predators of goose nests","docAbstract":"We used cameras and artificial eggs to identify nest predators of dusky Canada goose Branta canadensis occidentalis nests during 1997-2000. Cameras were set up at 195 occupied goose nests and 60 artificial nests. We placed wooden eggs and domestic goose eggs that were emptied and then filled with wax or foam in an additional 263 natural goose nests to identify predators from marks in the artificial eggs. All techniques had limitations, but each correctly identified predators and estimated their relative importance. Nests with cameras had higher rates of abandonment than natural nests, especially during laying. Abandonment rates were reduced by deploying artificial eggs late in laying and reducing time at nests. Predation rates for nests with cameras were slightly lower than for nests without cameras. Wax-filled artificial eggs caused mortality of embryos in natural nests, but were better for identifying predator marks at artificial nests. Use of foam-filled artificial eggs in natural nests was the most cost effective means of monitoring nest predation. ?? Wildlife Biology (2006).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[249:TFIPOG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"09096396","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.M., Grand, J., Fondell, T., and Miller, D.A., 2006, Techniques for identifying predators of goose nests: Wildlife Biology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[249:TFIPOG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[249:tfipog]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba430e4b08c986b320173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David A.","contributorId":29193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028282,"text":"70028282 - 2006 - A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:03:57","indexId":"70028282","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska","docAbstract":"We modeled yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in a 23,500 km2 area of northern Alaska using intensive aerial surveys and landscape-scale habitat descriptors. Of the 757 lakes censused, yellow-billed loons occupied 15% and Pacific loons (G. pacifica) 42%. Lake area, depth, proportion of shoreline in aquatic vegetation, shoreline complexity, hydrological connectivity (stream present within 100 m or absent), and an area–connectivity interaction were positive, significant predictors of yellow-billed loon presence in a multivariate logistic regression model, but distance to nearest river or Beaufort Sea coast were not. Predicted yellow-billed loon presence was 13 and 4.7 times more likely on deep and medium lakes, respectively, than on shallow lakes that freeze to the bottom. On small lakes (<60 ha), predicted yellow-billed loon presence was 4.8–1.7 times more likely on lakes with hydrological connectivity than without, but connectivity was not important at most lake sizes (65–750 ha). Yellow-billed loon broods depend on fish available in the brood-rearing lake, and we suggest that a dependable supply of fish is more likely in larger lakes, those deep enough to have open water under winter ice, and those near streams. Highly convoluted shorelines and those with aquatic vegetation provide loon nesting and brood-rearing sites, as well as fish habitat. Pacific loon absence was a significant, positive predictor when added to the habitat model, indicating that yellow-billed loons were four times more likely on lakes without Pacific loons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Platte, R., and Bond, L., 2006, A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210075,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2"}],"volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e432e4b0c8380cd464b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Laura","contributorId":89103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028278,"text":"70028278 - 2006 - A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:55:16","indexId":"70028278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty, the effects of the atmosphere on surface radiometric measurements obtained from wide field-of-view observations, and the geometric registration accuracy. The conterminous United States and Alaska data sets have an atmospheric correction for water vapor, ozone, and Rayleigh scattering and include a cloud mask derived using the Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) algorithm. In comparison with other AVHRR time series data sets, the conterminous United States and Alaska data are processed using similar techniques. The primary difference is that the conterminous United States and Alaska data are at 1 km resolution, while others are at 8 km resolution. The time series consists of weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2006, A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1027-1035, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.9.1027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028385,"text":"70028385 - 2006 - Recent observations of intraspecific predation and cannibalism among polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T10:49:52","indexId":"70028385","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent observations of intraspecific predation and cannibalism among polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"Intraspecific killing has been reported among polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos), and black bears (U. americanus). Although cannibalism is one motivation for such killings, the ecological factors mediating such events are poorly understood. Between 24 January and 10 April 2004, we confirmed three instances of intraspecific predation and cannibalism in the Beaufort Sea. One of these, the first of this type ever reported for polar bears, was a parturient female killed at her maternal den. The predating bear was hunting in a known maternal denning area and apparently discovered the den by scent. A second predation event involved an adult female and cub recently emerged from their den, and the third involved a yearling male. During 24 years of research on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea region of northern Alaska and 34 years in northwestern Canada, we have not seen other incidents of polar bears stalking, killing, and eating other polar bears. We hypothesize that nutritional stresses related to the longer ice-free seasons that have occurred in the Beaufort Sea in recent years may have led to the cannibalism incidents we observed in 2004. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00300-006-0142-5","issn":"07224060","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Stirling, I., Smith, T.S., Perham, C., and Thiemann, G., 2006, Recent observations of intraspecific predation and cannibalism among polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea: Polar Biology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 997-1002, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0142-5.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210080,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0142-5"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a962de4b0c8380cd81e46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T. S.","contributorId":47326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perham, C.","contributorId":21751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perham","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thiemann, G.W.","contributorId":100598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiemann","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028243,"text":"70028243 - 2006 - New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T16:34:08","indexId":"70028243","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology","docAbstract":"To test existing models for the formation of the Amerasian Basin, detrital zircon suites from 12 samples of Triassic sandstone from the circum-Arctic region were dated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The northern Verkhoyansk (NE Russia) has Permo-Carboniferous (265-320 Ma) and Cambro-Silurian (410-505 Ma) zircon populations derived via river systems from the active Baikal Mountain region along the southern Siberian craton. Chukotka, Wrangel Island (Russia), and the Lisburne Hills (western Alaska) also have Permo-Carboniferous (280-330 Ma) and late Precambrian-Silurian (420-580 Ma) zircons in addition to Permo-Triassic (235-265 Ma), Devonian (340-390 Ma), and late Precambrian (1000-1300 Ma) zircons. These ages suggest at least partial derivation from the Taimyr, Siberian Trap, and/ or east Urals regions of Arctic Russia. The northerly derived Ivishak Formation (Sadlerochit Mountains, Alaska) and Pat Bay Formation (Sverdrup Basin, Canada) are dominated by Cambrian-latest Precambrian (500-600 Ma) and 445-490 Ma zircons. Permo-Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic zircons are absent. The Bjorne Formation (Sverdrup Basin), derived from the south, differs from other samples studied with mostly 1130-1240 Ma and older Precambrian zircons in addition to 430-470 Ma zircons. The most popular tectonic model for the origin of the Amerasian Basin involves counterclockwise rotation of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate away from the Canadian Arctic margin. The detrital zircon data suggest that the Chukotka part of the microplate originated closer to the Taimyr and Verkhoyansk, east of the Polar Urals of Russia, and not from the Canadian Arctic. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005TC001830","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Miller, E.L., Toro, J., Gehrels, G., Amato, J., Prokopiev, A., Tuchkova, M., Akinin, V., Dumitru, T., Moore, T., and Cecile, M., 2006, New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology: Tectonics, v. 25, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005TC001830.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477546,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005tc001830","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005TC001830"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65d9e4b0c8380cd72c65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toro, J.","contributorId":88502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toro","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehrels, G.","contributorId":81685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amato, J.M.","contributorId":63214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prokopiev, A.","contributorId":14182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopiev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuchkova, M.I.","contributorId":75744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuchkova","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Akinin, V.V.","contributorId":49583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akinin","given":"V.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dumitru, T.A.","contributorId":24973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumitru","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cecile, M.P.","contributorId":83324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecile","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028233,"text":"70028233 - 2006 - Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T15:39:33.483124","indexId":"70028233","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches","docAbstract":"Many life-history traits are expressed interactively in life, but to a varying extent on different occasions. Changes in trait expression can be accounted for by differences in the quality of the environment (‘environmental constraint’ hypothesis) or by strategic adjustments, if the relative contribution of the trait to fitness varies with time (‘strategic allocation’ hypothesis). In birds, egg production is lower in replacement clutches than in first clutches, but it is unknown whether this reduction results from an environmental constraint (e.g. food being less available at the time when the replacement clutch is produced) or from a strategic allocation of resources between the two breeding attempts. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we performed an experiment with black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Pairs were either food-supplemented or not before the first clutch was laid onwards and we induced them to produce a replacement clutch by removing eggs once when the first clutch was complete. As predicted by the ‘strategic allocation’ hypothesis, egg production of food-supplemented and non-food-supplemented birds decreased between first and replacement clutches. This suggests that kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in egg production for their replacement clutches compared to first clutches.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2005.3457","usgsCitation":"Gasparini, J., Roulin, A., Gill, V., Hatch, S.A., and Boulinier, T., 2006, Kittiwakes strategically reduce investment in replacement clutches: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 273, no. 1593, p. 1551-1554, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3457.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/109068","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"273","issue":"1593","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40b5e4b0c8380cd64fa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gasparini, J.","contributorId":75745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roulin, A.","contributorId":54009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roulin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028230,"text":"70028230 - 2006 - Simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:32:03","indexId":"70028230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat","docAbstract":"Caribou are an integral component of high‐latitude ecosystems and represent a major subsistence food source for many northern people. The availability and quality of winter habitat is critical to sustain these caribou populations. Caribou commonly use older spruce woodlands with adequate terrestrial lichen, a preferred winter forage, in the understory. Changes in climate and fire regime pose a significant threat to the long‐term sustainability of this important winter habitat. Computer simulations performed with a spatially explicit vegetation succession model (ALFRESCO) indicate that changes in the frequency and extent of fire in interior Alaska may substantially impact the abundance and quality of winter habitat for caribou. We modeled four different fire scenarios and tracked the frequency, extent, and spatial distribution of the simulated fires and associated changes to vegetation composition and distribution. Our results suggest that shorter fire frequencies (i.e., less time between recurring fires) on the winter range of the Nelchina caribou herd in eastern interior Alaska will result in large decreases of available winter habitat, relative to that currently available, in both the short and long term. A 30% shortening of the fire frequency resulted in a 3.5‐fold increase in the area burned annually and an associated 41% decrease in the amount of spruce–lichen forest found on the landscape. More importantly, simulations with more frequent fires produced a relatively immature forest age structure, compared to that which currently exists, with few stands older than 100 years. This age structure is at the lower limits of stand age classes preferred by caribou from the Nelchina herd. Projected changes in fire regime due to climate warming and/or additional prescribed burning could substantially alter the winter habitat of caribou in interior Alaska and lead to changes in winter range use and/or population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1730:STIOVF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rupp, T., Olson, M., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., Joly, K., Henkelman, J., Collins, W.B., and Starfield, A.M., 2006, Simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1730-1743, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1730:STIOVF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1730","endPage":"1743","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1730:stiovf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fdbe4b08c986b31919d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupp, T. Scott","contributorId":21395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T. 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Consecutive breeding locations were obtained for eleven female and 23 male King Eiders. All females exhibited breeding site fidelity by returning to sites within 15 km of first year breeding areas on the North Slope of Alaska. Breeding locations of males in a subsequent year were located on average >1000 km from their prior breeding sites and were primarily outside Alaska, on the coasts of Russia and Canada. Second-year wing molt locations were obtained for two female and six male King Eiders. Wing molt sites of males were located 6.2 ?? 3.1 km apart on average in successive years, while female wing molt locations averaged almost 50 km apart. Our results demonstrate site fidelity of female King Eiders to a breeding area on the North Slope of Alaska, document the dispersal of male King Eiders between breeding seasons, and present the first evidence for wing molt site fidelity in males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Phillips, L.M., and Powell, A., 2006, Evidence for wing molt and breeding site fidelity in King Eiders: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 2, p. 148-153, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"148","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[148:EFWMAB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d58e4b0c8380cd52f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Laura M.","contributorId":49497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028217,"text":"70028217 - 2006 - Differences in Ichthyophonus prevalence and infection severity between upper Yukon River and Tanana River chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), stocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T14:55:53","indexId":"70028217","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in Ichthyophonus prevalence and infection severity between upper Yukon River and Tanana River chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), stocks","docAbstract":"Two genetically distinct populations of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were simultaneously sampled at the confluence of the Yukon and Tanana rivers in 2003. Upper Yukon-Canadian fish had significantly higher infection prevalence as well as more severe infections (higher parasite density in heart tissue) than the lower Yukon-Tanana River fish. Both populations had migrated the same distance from the mouth of the Yukon River at the time of sampling but had significantly different distances remaining to swim before reaching their respective spawning grounds. Multiple working hypotheses are proposed to explain the differences between the two stocks: (1) the two genetically distinct populations have different inherent resistance to infection, (2) genetically influenced differences in feeding behaviour resulted in temporal and/or spatial differences in exposure, (3) physiological differences resulting from different degrees of sexual maturity influenced the course of disease, and (4) the most severely infected Tanana River fish either died en route or fatigued and were unable to complete their migration to the Tanana River, thus leaving a population of apparently healthier fish. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00743.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R., and Hershberger, P., 2006, Differences in Ichthyophonus prevalence and infection severity between upper Yukon River and Tanana River chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), stocks: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 29, no. 8, p. 497-503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00743.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"503","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00743.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.90771484375,\n 65.34393102126091\n ],\n [\n -152.94067382812497,\n 64.98865082457425\n ],\n [\n -151.292724609375,\n 64.6967577159076\n ],\n [\n -150.325927734375,\n 65.33247059890721\n ],\n [\n -150.3973388671875,\n 65.6242898435409\n ],\n [\n -152.8143310546875,\n 65.33934745143243\n ],\n [\n -152.90771484375,\n 65.34393102126091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ebe4b0c8380cd4f9bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R.","contributorId":95665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028187,"text":"70028187 - 2006 - Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:23:13","indexId":"70028187","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Plinian/ignimbrite activity stopped briefly and abruptly 16 and 45 h after commencement of the 1912 Novarupta eruption defining three episodes of explosive volcanism before finally giving way after 60 h to effusion of lava domes. We focus here on the processes leading to the termination of the second and third of these three episodes. Early erupted pumice from both episodes show a very similar range in bulk vesicularity, but the modal values markedly decrease and the vesicularity range widens toward the end of Episode III. Clasts erupted at the end of each episode represent textural extremes; at the end of Episode II, clasts have very thin glass walls and a predominance of large bubbles, whereas at the end of Episode III, clasts have thick interstices and more small bubbles. Quantitatively, all clasts have very similar vesicle size distributions which show a division in the bubble population at 30 ??m vesicle diameter and cumulative number densities ranging from 107-109 cm-3. Patterns seen in histograms of volume fraction and the trends in the vesicle size data can be explained by coalescence signatures superimposed on an interval of prolonged nucleation and free growth of bubbles. Compared to experimental data for bubble growth in silicic melts, the high 1912 number densities suggest homogeneous nucleation was a significant if not dominant mechanism of bubble nucleation in the dacitic magma. The most distinct clast populations occurred toward the end of Plinian activity preceding effusive dome growth. Distributions skewed toward small sizes, thick walls, and teardrop vesicle shapes are indicative of bubble wall collapse marking maturation of the melt and onset of processes of outgassing. The data suggest that the superficially similar pauses in the 1912 eruption which marked the ends of episodes II and III had very different causes. Through Episode III, the trend in vesicle size data reflects a progressive shift in the degassing process from rapid magma ascent and coupled gas exsolution to slower ascent with partial open-system outgassing as a precursor to effusive dome growth. No such trend is visible in the Episode II clast assemblages; we suggest that external changes involving failure of the conduit/vent walls are more likely to have effected the break in explosive activity at 45 h. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-006-0067-4","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Houghton, B.F., and Hildreth, W., 2006, Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 189-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0067-4.","startPage":"189","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0067-4"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e647e4b0c8380cd472ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.K.","contributorId":83729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028162,"text":"70028162 - 2006 - Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T19:40:37","indexId":"70028162","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America","docAbstract":"We gathered sequence information from the nuclear 5.8S rDNA gene and associated internal transcribed spacers, ITS-1 and ITS-2 (5.8S rDNA/ITS), and the chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene, from Zostera samples collected from subtidal habitats in Monterey and Santa Barbara (Isla Vista) bays, California, to test the hypothesis that these plants are conspecific with Z. asiatica Miki of Asia. Sequences from approximately 520 base pairs of the nuclear 5.8S rDNA/ITS obtained from the subtidal Monterey and Isla Vista Zostera samples were identical to homologous sequences obtained from Z. marina collected from intertidal habitats in Japan, Alaska, Oregon and California. Similarly, sequences from the matK gene from the subtidal Zostera samples were identical to matK sequences obtained from Z. marina collected from intertidal habitats in Japan, Alaska, Oregon and California, but differed from Z. asiatica sequences accessioned into GenBank. This suggests the subtidal plants are conspecific with Z. marina, not Z. asiatica. However, we found that herbarium samples accessioned into the Kyoto University Herbarium, determined to be Z. asiatica, yielded 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequences consistent with either Z. japonica, in two cases, or Z. marina, in one case. Similar results were observed for the chloroplast matK gene; we found haplotypes that were inconsistent with published matK sequences from Z. asiatica collected from Japan. These results underscore the need for closer examination of the relationship between Z. marina along the Pacific Coast of North America, and Z. asiatica of Asia, for the retention and verification of specimens examined in scientific studies, and for assessment of the usefulness of morphological characters in the determination of taxonomic relationships within Zosteraceae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.03.011","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S.L., Wyllie-Echeverria, S., Ward, D.H., Rearick, J.R., Sage, G.K., Chesney, B., and Phillips, R.C., 2006, Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America: Aquatic Botany, v. 85, no. 3, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.03.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a156ae4b0c8380cd54ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyllie-Echeverria, S.","contributorId":17819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyllie-Echeverria","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rearick, Jolene R. 0000-0003-0942-8268 jrearick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-8268","contributorId":195245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rearick","given":"Jolene","email":"jrearick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chesney, B.","contributorId":27250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesney","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, R. C.","contributorId":65655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028152,"text":"70028152 - 2006 - Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:31:27","indexId":"70028152","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Lewis, S., Titus, K., and Fuller, M., 2006, Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1151-1160, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1160","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a683de4b0c8380cd736c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, S.B.","contributorId":88701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, K.","contributorId":93865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028137,"text":"70028137 - 2006 - The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","docAbstract":"Northern Nevada hosts the only province that contains multiple world-class Carlin-type gold deposits. The first-order control on the uniqueness of this province is its anomalous far back-arc tectonic setting over the rifted North American paleocontinental margin that separates Precambrian from Phanerozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Globally, most other significant gold provinces form in volcanic arcs and accreted terranes proximal to convergent margins. In northern Nevada, periodic reactivation of basement faults along this margin focused and amplified subsequent geological events. Early basement faults localized Devonian synsedimentary extension and normal faulting. These controlled the geometry of the Devonian sedimentary basin architecture and focused the discharge of basinal brines that deposited syngenetic gold along the basin margins. Inversion of these basins and faults during subsequent contraction produced the complex elongate structural culminations that characterize the anomalous mineral deposit \"trends.\" Subsequently, these features localized repeated episodes of shallow magmatic and hydrothermal activity that also deposited some gold. During a pulse of Eocene extension, these faults focused advection of Carlin-type fluids, which had the opportunity to leach gold from gold-enriched sequences and deposit it in reactive miogeoclinal host rocks below the hydrologic seal at the Roberts Mountain thrust contact. Hence, the vast endowment of the Carlin province resulted from the conjunction of spatially superposed events localized by long-lived basement structures in a highly anomalous tectonic setting, rather than by the sole operation of special magmatic or fluid-related processes. An important indicator of the longevity of this basement control is the superposition of different gold deposit types (e.g., Sedex, porphyry, Carlin-type, epithermal, and hot spring deposits) that formed repeatedly between the Devonian and Miocene time along the trends. Interestingly, the large Cretaceous Alaska-Yukon intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Fort Knox) are associated with the northern extension of the same lithospheric margin in the Selwyn basin, which experienced an analogous series of geologic events. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., Groves, D., Hofstra, A., and Bierlein, F., 2006, The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary: Mineralium Deposita, v. 41, no. 6, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3"},{"id":237298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac84e4b08c986b32354f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bierlein, F.P.","contributorId":74945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierlein","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028120,"text":"70028120 - 2006 - Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:21:51","indexId":"70028120","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring","docAbstract":"Oil stranded as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill has persisted for >10 years at study sites on Gulf of Alaska shores distant from the spill's origin. These sites were contaminated by \"oil mousse\", which persists in these settings due to armoring of underlying sediments and their included oil beneath boulders. The boulder-armored beaches that we resampled in 1999 showed continued contamination by subsurface oil, despite their exposure to moderate to high wave energies. Significant declines in surface oil cover occurred at all study sites. In contrast, mousse has persisted under boulders in amounts similar to what was present in 1994 and probably in 1989. Especially striking is the general lack of weathering of this subsurface oil over the last decade. Oil at five of the six armored-beach sites 10 years after the spill is compositionally similar to 11-day old Exxon Valdez oil. Analysis of movements in the boulder-armor that covers the study beaches reveals that only minor shifts have occurred since 1994, suggesting that over the last five, and probably over the last 10 years, boulder-armors have remained largely unmoved at the study sites. These findings emphasize the importance of particular geomorphic parameters in determining stranded oil persistence. Surface armoring, combined with stranding of oil mousse, results in the unexpectedly lengthy persistence of only lightly to moderately weathered oil within otherwise high-energy wave environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Irvine, G.V., Mann, D.H., and Short, J.W., 2006, Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 52, no. 9, p. 1011-1022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1022","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Gulf of Alaska, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 56.18225387824831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e0e4b0c8380cd7836a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Gail V. girvine@usgs.gov","contributorId":2368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Gail","email":"girvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":67010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Short, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":26602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028109,"text":"70028109 - 2006 - Ground deformation associated with the precursory unrest and early phases of the January 2006 eruption of Augustine volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:05:33","indexId":"70028109","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground deformation associated with the precursory unrest and early phases of the January 2006 eruption of Augustine volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"On January 11, 2006 Augustine Volcano erupted after nearly 20 years of quiescence. Global Positioning System (GPS) instrumentation at Augustine, consisting of six continuously recording, telemetered receivers, measured clear precursory deformation consistent with a source of inflation or pressurization beneath the volcano's summit at a depth of around sea level. Deformation began in early summer 2005, and was preceded by a subtle, but distinct, increase in seismicity, which began in May 2005. After remaining more or less constant, deformation rates accelerated on at least three stations beginning in late November 2005. After this date, GPS data suggest the upward propagation of a small dike into the edifice, which, based on the style of deformation and high levels of gas emission, appears to have ascended to shallow levels by mid-December 2005, about four weeks before the eruption began.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GL027219","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P., Fournier, T., Freymueller, J., and Power, J., 2006, Ground deformation associated with the precursory unrest and early phases of the January 2006 eruption of Augustine volcano, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 18, L18304, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027219.","productDescription":"L18304, 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.51470947265625,\n 59.412945785071\n ],\n [\n -153.47625732421875,\n 59.41993301322722\n ],\n [\n -153.446044921875,\n 59.428315784042574\n ],\n [\n -153.39385986328125,\n 59.428315784042574\n ],\n [\n -153.36090087890622,\n 59.41574084934491\n ],\n [\n -153.34442138671875,\n 59.39477224351409\n ],\n [\n -153.31695556640625,\n 59.37658895163648\n ],\n [\n -153.32794189453125,\n 59.33599107056162\n ],\n [\n -153.37188720703125,\n 59.32338185310805\n ],\n [\n -153.446044921875,\n 59.31777625443006\n ],\n [\n -153.5394287109375,\n 59.31076795603884\n ],\n [\n -153.577880859375,\n 59.32618430580267\n ],\n [\n -153.577880859375,\n 59.35139598294652\n ],\n [\n -153.60260009765625,\n 59.379387015928536\n ],\n [\n -153.59161376953125,\n 59.404559208021745\n ],\n [\n -153.55865478515625,\n 59.410150490100754\n ],\n [\n -153.51470947265625,\n 59.412945785071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a91e4b0c8380cd5b2a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervelli, P.F.","contributorId":86553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"P.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournier, T.","contributorId":78964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":96841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028083,"text":"70028083 - 2006 - In kittiwakes food availability partially explains the seasonal decline in humoral immunocompetence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T15:50:31.13547","indexId":"70028083","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In kittiwakes food availability partially explains the seasonal decline in humoral immunocompetence","docAbstract":"The immune system plays an important role in fitness, and interindividual variation in immunocompetence is due to several factors including food supply.
Seasonal variation in food resources may therefore explain why immunocompetence in bird nestlings usually declines throughout the breeding season, with chicks born early in the season receiving more food than chicks born later, and thereby possibly developing a more potent immune system. Although there are studies supporting this hypothesis, none has been experimental.
We performed an experiment in the kittiwake Rissa tridactyla by manipulating the food supply of pairs that were left to produce a first brood, and of pairs that were induced to produce a late replacement brood.
If food supply mediates, at least partially, seasonal variations in chick immunocompetence, non‐food‐supplemented chicks would show a stronger seasonal decline in immunocompetence than food‐supplemented chicks.
Food supplementation improved humoral immunocompetence (the production of immunoglobulins Y), but not T‐cell immunocompetence (phytohaemagglutinin, PHA response). T‐cell immunocompetence of food‐supplemented and non‐food‐supplemented chicks decreased through the season but to a similar extent, whereas the humoral immunocompetence of non‐food‐supplemented chicks decreased more strongly than that of food‐supplemented chicks.
Our results suggest that the seasonal decline in humoral immunocompetence can be explained, at least partly, by variations in food supply throughout the breeding season.
1. Growth models for body mass and length were fitted to data collected from 1842 sea otters Enhydra lutris shot or live-captured throughout south-west Alaska between 1967 and 2004. Growth curves were constructed for each of two main year groups: 1967–71 when the population was at or near carrying capacity and 1992–97 when the population was in steep decline. Analyses of data collected from animals caught during 2004, when the population density was very low, were precluded by a small sample size and consequently only examined incidentally to the main growth curves.
2. Growth curves demonstrated a significant increase in body mass and body length at age in the 1990s. Asymptotic values of body mass were 12–18% higher in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s, and asymptotic values for body length were 10–11% higher between the same periods. Data collected in 2004 suggest a continued increase in body size, with nearly all data points for mass and length falling significantly above the 1990s growth curves.
3. In addition to larger asymptotic values for mass and length, the rate of growth towards asymptotic values was more rapid in the 1990s than in the 1960s/70s: sea otters reached 95% of asymptotic body mass and body length 1–2 years earlier in the 1990s.
4. Body condition (as measured by the log mass/log length ratio) was significantly greater in males than in females. There was also an increasing trend from the 1960s/70s through 2004 despite much year-to-year variation.
5. Population age structures differed significantly between the 1960s/70s and the 1990s with the latter distribution skewed toward younger age classes (indicating an altered lxfunction) suggesting almost complete relaxation of age-dependent mortality patterns (i.e. those typical of food-limited populations).
6. This study spanned a period of time over which the population status of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago declined precipitously from levels at or near equilibrium densities at some islands in the 1960s/70s to < 5% of estimated carrying capacity by the late 1990s. The results of this study indicate an improved overall health of sea otters over the period of decline and suggest that limited nutritional resources were not the cause of the observed reduced population abundance. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the decline was caused by increased killer whale predation.
Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Little empirical information exists to assess to what degree geese use a capital versus income breeding strategy for investing nutrients into eggs. We used stable isotope methods to directly estimate the sources of protein deposited into egg yolks of Brent Branta bernicla and Emperor Geese Anser canagicus on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA. Approximately 59 and 45% of protein in egg yolks of Brent and Emperor Geese, respectively, was derived from exogenous sources (i.e. food plants on the local breeding area). Within clutches of Brent Goose eggs, first-laid eggs exhibited slightly higher contributions from endogenous reserves than last-laid eggs. This pattern was less clear for Emperor Geese, which may have been a consequence of possibly analyzing eggs that were laid by intraspecific nest parasites rather than by hosts. For both these species, individuals exhibited large variability in the percent contribution of exogenous versus endogenous stores to eggs, and future studies should identify ecological factors related to this variation. Those Emperor Geese in poor body condition incubated their nests less constantly, and based on δ13C values, they fed on terrestrial foods while off their nests. Although not a pure capital breeder, Emperor Geese used nutrients garnered on spring staging areas to fuel virtually all their own maintenance during incubation and to contribute half or more of the nutrients in eggs. These results highlight the ecological importance of these spring staging habitats to geese.
","language":"English","publisher":"Netherlands Ornithologists' Union","issn":"03732266","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., Hobson, K., and Morse, J., 2006, An isotopic assessment of protein from diet and endogenous stores: Effects on egg production and incubation behaviour of geese: Ardea, v. 94, no. 3, p. 385-397.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ardea.nou.nu/ardea_search3.php?key=nummer&keyin=94&k2=3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea94e4b0c8380cd48962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hobson, K.A.","contributorId":23248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, J.A.","contributorId":73771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028946,"text":"70028946 - 2006 - Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:13:10","indexId":"70028946","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids","docAbstract":"The fundamental niche of a species is rarely if ever realized because the presence of other species restricts it to a narrower range of ecological conditions. The effects of this narrower range of conditions define how resources are partitioned. Resource partitioning has been inferred but not demonstrated previously for sympatric ursids. We estimated assimilated diet in relation to body condition (body fat and lean and total body mass) and reproduction for sympatric brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) in south‐central Alaska, 1998–2000. Based on isotopic analysis of blood and keratin in claws, salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) predominated in brown bear diets (>53% annually) whereas black bears assimilated 0–25% salmon annually. Black bears did not exploit salmon during a year with below average spawning numbers, probably because brown bears deterred black bear access to salmon. Proportion of salmon in assimilated diet was consistent across years for brown bears and represented the major portion of their diet. Body size of brown bears in the study area approached mean body size of several coastal brown bear populations, demonstrating the importance of salmon availability to body condition. Black bears occurred at a comparable density (mass : mass), but body condition varied and was related directly to the amount of salmon assimilated in their diet. Both species gained most lean body mass during spring and all body fat during summer when salmon were present. Improved body condition (i.e., increased percentage body fat) from salmon consumption reduced catabolism of lean body mass during hibernation, resulting in better body condition the following spring. Further, black bear reproduction was directly related to body condition; reproductive rates were reduced when body condition was lower. High body fat content across years for brown bears was reflected in consistently high reproductive levels. We suggest that the fundamental niche of black bears was constrained by brown bears through partitioning of food resources, which varied among years. Reduced exploitation of salmon caused black bears to rely more extensively on less reliable or nutritious food sources (e.g., moose [Alces alces], berries) resulting in lowered body condition and subsequent reproduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2333:IRPISU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Belant, J.L., Kielland, K., Follmann, E., and Adams, L., 2006, Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 6, p. 2333-2343, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2333:IRPISU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dafe4b0c8380cd63766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belant, Jerrold L.","contributorId":108394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belant","given":"Jerrold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35599,"text":"Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kielland, Knut","contributorId":189214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kielland","given":"Knut","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":75049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028917,"text":"70028917 - 2006 - Evaluation of aerial survey methods for Dall's sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T08:10:05","indexId":"70028917","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of aerial survey methods for Dall's sheep","docAbstract":"Most Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) population-monitoring efforts use intensive aerial surveys with no attempt to estimate variance or adjust for potential sightability bias. We used radiocollared sheep to assess factors that could affect sightability of Dall's sheep in standard fixed-wing and helicopter surveys and to evaluate feasibility of methods that might account for sightability bias. Work was conducted in conjunction with annual aerial surveys of Dall's sheep in the western Baird Mountains, Alaska, USA, in 2000–2003. Overall sightability was relatively high compared with other aerial wildlife surveys, with 88% of the available, marked sheep detected in our fixed-wing surveys. Total counts from helicopter surveys were not consistently larger than counts from fixed-wing surveys of the same units, and detection probabilities did not differ for the 2 aircraft types. Our results suggest that total counts from helicopter surveys cannot be used to obtain reliable estimates of detection probabilities for fixed-wing surveys. Groups containing radiocollared sheep often changed in size and composition before they could be observed by a second crew in units that were double-surveyed. Double-observer methods that require determination of which groups were detected by each observer will be infeasible unless survey procedures can be modified so that groups remain more stable between observations. Mean group sizes increased during our study period, and our logistic regression sightability model indicated that detection probabilities increased with group size. Mark–resight estimates of annual population sizes were similar to sightability-model estimates, and confidence intervals overlapped broadly. We recommend the sightability-model approach as the most effective and feasible of the alternatives we considered for monitoring Dall's sheep populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[732:EOASMF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Shults, B.S., Adams, L., and Kleckner, C., 2006, Evaluation of aerial survey methods for Dall's sheep: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 732-740, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[732:EOASMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"740","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baird Mountains","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c3be4b0c8380cd52aba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Christopher","contributorId":179099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028905,"text":"70028905 - 2006 - Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:34:13","indexId":"70028905","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development","docAbstract":"The junk-food hypothesis attributes declines in productivity of marine birds and mammals to changes in the species of prey they consume and corresponding differences in nutritional quality of those prey. To test this hypothesis nestling Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) were raised in captivity under controlled conditions to determine whether the type and quality of fish consumed by young seabirds constrains their growth and development. Some nestlings were fed rations of Capelin (Mallotus villosus), Herring (Clupea pallasi) or Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) and their growth was compared with nestlings raised on equal biomass rations of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcograma). Nestlings fed rations of herring, sand lance, or capelin experienced higher growth increments than nestlings fed pollock. The energy density of forage fish fed to nestlings had a marked effect on growth increments and could be expected to have an effect on pre- and post-fledging survival of nestlings in the wild. These results provide empirical support for the junk-food hypothesis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Romano, M.D., Piatt, J.F., and Roby, D., 2006, Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 4, p. 407-414, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"414","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[407:TTJHOM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5d5e4b08c986b320cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028863,"text":"70028863 - 2006 - Comparison of the effects and performance of four types of radiotransmitters for use with scoters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:00:34","indexId":"70028863","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the effects and performance of four types of radiotransmitters for use with scoters","docAbstract":"Radiotransmitters are widely used in wildlife ecology, often providing data that cannot be collected using other methods. However, negative effects have been associated with the use of transmitters for some species. We evaluated the effects and performance of 4 radiotransmitter types for use with surf and white-winged scoters (Melanitta perspicillata and M. fusca): COEXT-coelomically implanted transmitters with external antennas, COINT-coelomically implanted transmitters with internal antennas, SUBCU-subcutaneous implants with external antennas, and PRONG-external mounts, attached by a subcutaneous anchor and glue, with external antennas. Survival was not related to radiotransmitter type during the immediate (14-d) post-release period when most deaths (8 of 12) occurred. Rates of signal disappearance (transmitters ceased to be detected in the study area) and transmitter shedding (transmitters recovered without sign of predation) were similar among types over 30- and 60-day intervals; however, higher proportions of dorsally mounted radiotransmitters (SUBCU, PRONG) disappeared or were shed over course of the full 100-day monitoring period used in this study. All 4 radiotransmitter types allowed for relatively accurate location estimates, with linear error estimates (distance between actual and estimated location) averaging 2 months in duration and for satellite telemetry studies of scoters. However, SUBCU and PRONG are recommended as cost-effective alternatives in shorter-duration radiotelemetry studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[656:COTEAP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Iverson, S.A., Boyd, W.S., Esler, D., Mulcahy, D., and Bowman, T.D., 2006, Comparison of the effects and performance of four types of radiotransmitters for use with scoters: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 656-663, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[656:COTEAP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"656","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[656:COTEAP]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8abe4b0c8380cd4d1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, W. S.","contributorId":49051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":420074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}