The U.S. Geological Survey has been preparing and maintaining a library of standard-reference water samples for dissolved inorganic constituents for 19 years. Recently, the reference-sample program was expanded to include a water-suspended sediment mixture for the determination of total recoverable metals. An interlaboratory round-robin study was conducted. Digestion procedures used by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were used to solubilize the metals before their measurement. The data indicate the both digestion procedures for total recoverable metals are essentially equivalent. Precision data are comparable to those data obtained in standard-reference water samples for dissolved metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASME","doi":"10.1520/JTE11072J","issn":"00903973","usgsCitation":"Fishman, M., Malo, B.A., and Boyle, D.K., 1984, A standard-reference water-suspended sediment sample for total recoverable metals: Journal of Testing and Evaluation, v. 12, no. 3, p. 182-186, https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE11072J.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219842,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf87e4b0c8380cd8763a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malo, Bernard A.","contributorId":78868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Delora K.","contributorId":79944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Delora","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014049,"text":"70014049 - 1984 - Landslides caused by earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T01:02:46.346084","indexId":"70014049","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides caused by earthquakes","docAbstract":"Data from 40 historical world-wide earthquakes were studied to determine the characteristics, geologic environments, and hazards of landslides caused by seismic events. This sample of 40 events was supplemented with intensity data from several hundred United States earthquakes to study relations between landslide distribution and seismic parameters. Fourteen types of landslides were identified in the earthquakes studied. The most abundant of these were rock falls, disrupted soil slides, and rock slides. The greatest losses of human life were due to rock avalanches, rapid soil flows, and rock falls. Correlations between magnitude (M) and landslide distribution show that the maximum area likely to be affected by landslides in a seismic event increases from approximately 0 at M ≅ 4.0 to 500,000 km2 at M = 9.2.
Threshold magnitudes, minimum shaking intensities, and relations between M and distance from epicenter or fault rupture were used to define relative levels of shaking that trigger landslides in susceptible materials. Four types of internally disrupted landslides—rock falls, rock slides, soil falls, and disrupted soil slides—are initiated by the weakest shaking. More coherent, deeper-seated slides require stronger shaking; lateral spreads and flows require shaking that is stronger still; and the strongest shaking is probably required for very highly disrupted rock avalanches and soil avalanches.
Each type of earthquake-induced landslide occurs in a particular suite of geologic environments. These range from overhanging slopes of well-indurated rock to slopes of less than 1° underlain by soft, unconsolidated sediments. Materials most susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides include weakly cemented rocks, more-indurated rocks with prominent or pervasive discontinuities, residual and colluvial sand, volcanic soils containing sensitive clay, loess, cemented soils, granular alluvium, granular deltaic deposits, and granular man-made fill. Few earthquake-induced landslides reactivate older landslides; most are in materials that have not previously failed.
Stability‐dependent and Dalton‐type mass transfer formulas are determined from experimental evaporation data in ambient and heated channels and are shown to have similar performance in prediction of evaporation. The formulas developed are compared with those proposed by other investigators for lakes and flowing channels. The evaporation data were obtained from a heat‐budget analysis of two large outdoor channels, one of which received ambient‐temperature water from an adjacent reservoir while the other received an artificially‐heated discharge. Daily evaporation was calculated from bihourly values of water temperature and hourly values of meteorological variables for a 63‐day study period in the summer. The evaporation data were then used to derive mass transfer evaporation formulas for heated and ambient flowing channels.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(1984)110:1(1)","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J., and Sturm, T., 1984, Evaporation from flowing channels: Journal of Energy Engineering - ASCE, v. 110, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(1984)110:1(1).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d10e4b0c8380cd52de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturm, T.W.","contributorId":79623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturm","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29445,"text":"wri844220 - 1984 - Streamflow gain-and-loss and suspended-sediment characteristics of the South Platte River and three irrigation canals near Fort Morgan, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:32:41.484699","indexId":"wri844220","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4220","title":"Streamflow gain-and-loss and suspended-sediment characteristics of the South Platte River and three irrigation canals near Fort Morgan, Colorado","docAbstract":"A 2-year study during 1982-83 was made to document the streamflow gain-and-loss and suspended sediment characteristics of the South Platte River, Fort Morgan Canal, Upper Platte and Beaver Canal, and the Lower Platte and Beaver Canal near Fort Morgan, Colorado, prior to possible construction of the proposed Narrows Reservoir. Six streamflow gain-and-loss investigations, conducted in 1982 along a 25.8 mi reach of the South Platte River, indicate an average downstream gain in discharge of 150 cu ft/sec during the irrigation season. The Fort Morgan Canal and the Lower Platte and Beaver Canal had decreasing discharges in the downstream direction. The Upper Platte and Beaver Canal had a slight increased in discharge at the second measurement site and decreases in the third and fourth measurement sites. Irrigation practices and some loss to the groundwater system account for the general decrease in discharge. Suspended sediment data were collected at the streamflow-gaging station 06758500 South Platte River near Weldona and on the three irrigation canals: Fort Morgan Canal, Upper Platte and Beaver Canal, and Lower Platte and Beaver Canal. The data indicate that relations exist between the suspended sediment concentrations at the South Platte River station and the suspended sediment concentrations at the most upstream measurement site on each canal. Relations between suspended sediment discharge and water discharge were developed at all canal measurement sites. For all the canals, suspended sediment discharge decreased in a downstream direction. Slight increases in suspended sediment occurred at the second measurement site on the Upper Platte and Beaver Canal and at the third measurement site on the Lower Platte and Beaver Canal. Laboratory analyses indicate that 75% of the suspended sediment is silt and clay size (particles finer than 0.062 mm).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844220","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 1984, Streamflow gain-and-loss and suspended-sediment characteristics of the South Platte River and three irrigation canals near Fort Morgan, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4220, iv, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844220.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415937,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36074.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Fort Morgan","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.017,\n 40.385\n ],\n [\n -104.017,\n 40.205\n ],\n [\n -103.483,\n 40.205\n ],\n [\n -103.483,\n 40.385\n ],\n [\n -104.017,\n 40.385\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, B. C.","contributorId":65098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140593,"text":"70140593 - 1984 - The relationship of Landsat digital data to the properties of Arizona rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T14:51:18","indexId":"70140593","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship of Landsat digital data to the properties of Arizona rangelands","docAbstract":"Pedon descriptions, vegetation transect information, and Landsat digital data were obtained for 110 sites on the Tonto National Forest in central Arizona. Using the field and satellite data, 33 variables were evaluated and prediction models were generated using stepwise multiple regression techniques. The following six factors explained 84% of the variability within the sum of the values for the four Landsat spectral bands: sum of brush and forest crown densities, elevation, surface color, rock type, cobbles on the surface of the site, and grass cover. Seven factors explained 81% of the variability for the ratio of Bands 4 plus 5 to Bands 6 plus 7: percent clay in the surface horizon, percent fragments > 2 mm in the surface horizon, the sum of forest and brush crown densities, pH of the surface horizon, color of the surface horizon, litter cover, and site aspect.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800060026x","usgsCitation":"Horvath, E.H., Post, D.F., and Kelsey, J.B., 1984, The relationship of Landsat digital data to the properties of Arizona rangelands: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 48, no. 6, p. 1331-1334, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800060026x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1334","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Tonto National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.8243408203125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 34.025347738147936\n ],\n [\n -111.8243408203125,\n 34.025347738147936\n ],\n [\n -111.8243408203125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c70e4b08de9379b37ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horvath, Emil H.","contributorId":76306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horvath","given":"Emil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, D. F.","contributorId":139149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelsey, J. B.","contributorId":139150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013950,"text":"70013950 - 1984 - MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW RADAR DATA FOR EXPLORATION RESEARCH.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70013950","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW RADAR DATA FOR EXPLORATION RESEARCH.","docAbstract":"In 1980, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated a program to acquire high-quality, side-looking, airborne-radar (SLAR) imagery of selected areas of the United States. The program goals were to demonstrate the usefulness of SLAR imagery for geologic exploration and geoscience applications and to make radar data readily available to the public for additional research and economic applications. Considerable SLAR imagery has been acquired already since 1980 under a mandate from the U. S. Congress. The U. S. Geological Survey is actively engaged in demonstrating the usefulness of radar imagery, and since 1980 has started more than 50 studies addressing geologic, cartographic, and hydrologic applications. All of the radar-imagery products acquired by the USGS during 1980 and 1982 have been archived and are available for public sale.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Kover, A.N., Jones, J.E., and Southworth, C.S., 1984, MAJOR SOURCE OF NEW RADAR DATA FOR EXPLORATION RESEARCH., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 853-862.","startPage":"853","endPage":"862","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aafe4b0c8380cd68f6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kover, Allan N.","contributorId":90809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kover","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John Edwin","contributorId":77301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012831,"text":"70012831 - 1984 - Small-scale features in the Earth's magnetic field observed by Magsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:08:48.526073","indexId":"70012831","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale features in the Earth's magnetic field observed by Magsat","docAbstract":"A spherical harmonic expansion to degree and order 29 is derived using a selected magnetically quiet sample of Magsat data. Global maps representing the contribution due to terms of the expansion above n = 13 at 400 km altitude are compared with previously published residual anomaly maps and shown to be similar, even in polar regions. An expansion with such a high degree and order displays all but the sharpest features seen by the satellite and gives a more consistent picture of the high-order field structure at a constant altitude than do component maps derived independently.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB02p01070","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cain, J., Schmitz, D., and Muth, L., 1984, Small-scale features in the Earth's magnetic field observed by Magsat: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B2, p. 1070-1076, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB02p01070.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1070","endPage":"1076","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9197e4b08c986b3199ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, J.C.","contributorId":68457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitz, D.R.","contributorId":106641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, L.","contributorId":10035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20922,"text":"ofr83170E - 1984 - Geomorphic domains and linear features on Landsat images, Circle quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T20:19:08.896426","indexId":"ofr83170E","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-170","chapter":"E","title":"Geomorphic domains and linear features on Landsat images, Circle quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"A remote sensing study using Landsat images was undertaken as part of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP). Geomorphic domains A and B, identified on enhanced Landsat images, divide Circle quadrangle south of Tintina fault zone into two regional areas having major differences in surface characteristics. Domain A is a roughly rectangular, northeast-trending area of relatively low relief and simple, widely spaced drainages, except where igneous rocks are exposed. In contrast, domain B, which bounds two sides of domain A, is more intricately dissected showing abrupt changes in slope and relatively high relief. The northwestern part of geomorphic domain A includes a previously mapped tectonostratigraphic terrane. The southeastern boundary of domain A occurs entirely within the adjoining tectonostratigraphic terrane. The sharp geomorphic contrast along the southeastern boundary of domain A and the existence of known faults along this boundary suggest that the southeastern part of domain A may be a subdivision of the adjoining terrane. Detailed field studies would be necessary to determine the characteristics of the subdivision. \r\n\r\nDomain B appears to be divisible into large areas of different geomorphic terrains by east-northeast-trending curvilinear lines drawn on Landsat images. Segments of two of these lines correlate with parts of boundaries of mapped tectonostratigraphic terranes. On Landsat images prominent north-trending lineaments together with the curvilinear lines form a large-scale regional pattern that is transected by mapped north-northeast-trending high-angle faults. The lineaments indicate possible lithlogic variations and/or structural boundaries. \r\n\r\nA statistical strike-frequency analysis of the linear features data for Circle quadrangle shows that northeast-trending linear features predominate throughout, and that most northwest-trending linear features are found south of Tintina fault zone. A major trend interval of N.64-72E. in the linear feature data, corresponds to the strike of foliations in metamorphic rocks and magnetic anomalies reflecting compositional variations suggesting that most linear features in the southern part of the quadrangle probably are related to lithologic variations brought about by folding and foliation of metamorphic rocks. A second important trend interval, N.14-35E., may be related to thrusting south of the Tintina fault zone, as high concentrations of linear features within this interval are found in areas of mapped thrusts. Low concentrations of linear features are found in areas of most igneous intrusives. High concentrations of linear features do not correspond to areas of mineralization in any consistent or significant way that would allow concentration patterns to be easily used as an aid in locating areas of mineralization. \r\n\r\nThe results of this remote sensing study indicate that there are several possibly important areas where further detailed studies are warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83170E","usgsCitation":"Simpson, S.L., 1984, Geomorphic domains and linear features on Landsat images, Circle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-170, Report: iii, 31 p.; 1 Plate: 37.23 x 22.84 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83170E.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 31 p.; 1 Plate: 37.23 x 22.84 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50512,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420135,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13921.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Circle quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, S. L.","contributorId":46508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014078,"text":"70014078 - 1984 - Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014078","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.","docAbstract":"The heat capacities of rhodochrosite, (Mn0.994Fe0.005Mg0.001)CO3, and siderite, 171(Fe0.956Mn0.042Mg0.002)CO3, were measured between 5 and 550 K by combined cryogenic-adiabatic and differential scanning calorimetry. These new data were used to reanalyse the thermodynamic properties of these phases.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Haselton, H., and Hemingway, B.S., 1984, Heat capacities and entropies of rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and siderite (FeCO3) between 5 and 600 K.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 3-4, p. 349-357.","startPage":"349","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe8e4b0c8380cd5d1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haselton, H.T. Jr.","contributorId":83520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haselton","given":"H.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013406,"text":"70013406 - 1984 - MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013406","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3335,"text":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.","docAbstract":"Optical and scanning electron microscope as well as electron and proton microprobe techniques have been used in a detailed investigation of the modes of occurrence of arsenic and selenium in pyrite in Upper Freeport coal from the Homer City area, Indiana County, Pennsylvania. Polished blocks were prepared from columnar samples of the coal bed to represent particular zones continuously from top to bottom. Initial selection of zones to be studied was based on chemical analysis of bench-channel samples. Microprobe data indicate that the highest concentrations of arsenic (as great as 1. 5 wt. %) are apparently in solid solution in pyrite within a limited stratigraphic interval of the coal bed. Smaller amounts of arsenic and selenium (concentrations up to approximately 0. 1 and 0. 2 wt. % respectively) were detected at isolated points within pyrite grains in various strata of the coal bed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05865581","usgsCitation":"Minkin, J., Finkelman, R.B., Thompson, C., Chao, E.C., Ruppert, L., Blank, H., and Cecil, C.B., 1984, MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC- AND SELENIUM-BEARING PYRITE IN UPPER FREEPORT COAL, INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.: Scanning Electron Microscopy, no. pt 4, p. 1515-1529.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1529","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ac5e4b0c8380cd6901c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blank, H.","contributorId":63275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70012706,"text":"70012706 - 1984 - RESEARCH FOR THE USGS DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012706","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"RESEARCH FOR THE USGS DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division (NMD) has been conducting research and development in digital cartography since the early seventies. Since 1977 there has been an acceleration of activities associated with establishing a National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB). The NMD Office of Research is primarily responsible for fundamental and applied research together with systems development and technical standards to support the digital cartographic program. Three phases of development have been defined - the current system, an optimum system that can be built with current technology, and a future system that could be defined after some basic research is completed. Some of the current projects related to automated data capture, editing, coding, and structuring are described together with a perspective on future directions. The overall rationale is to develop a very large integrated system that will support a NDCDB and lead toward operational geographic information systems.","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294594","usgsCitation":"McEwen, R.B., and Starr, L.E., 1984, RESEARCH FOR THE USGS DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY PROGRAM., Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 325-333.","startPage":"325","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a935de4b0c8380cd80d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, Robert B.","contributorId":24335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starr, Lowell E.","contributorId":15348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starr","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013244,"text":"70013244 - 1984 - Synchrotron radiation determination of elemental concentrations in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:27:25","indexId":"70013244","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synchrotron radiation determination of elemental concentrations in coal","docAbstract":"The variations with depth of the elemental concentrations in vitrinites in a series of vitrites have been determined using radiation from the Cornell high energy synchrotron source. All of the vitrites were selected from a single drill core sample of coal from the Emery coalfield, Utah. The results are compared with similar determinations using the Heidelberg proton microprobe. The advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques are discussed. Results are reported for S, Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn, Br, and Sr. For example, it is found that Fe increases from top to bottom of the coal bed in contrast to S, which decreases from top to bottom of the bed. Other features of the two data sets are also described. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-583X(84)90369-0","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Martys, N., Chao, E.C., Minkin, J., Thompson, C., Hanson, A., Kraner, H., Jones, K., Gordon, B., and Mills, R., 1984, Synchrotron radiation determination of elemental concentrations in coal: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 3, no. 1-3, p. 241-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(84)90369-0.","startPage":"241","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268842,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(84)90369-0"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba33de4b08c986b31fc1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.R.","contributorId":98468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martys, N.","contributorId":20609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martys","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, A.L.","contributorId":76470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kraner, H.W.","contributorId":33177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraner","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, K.W.","contributorId":21692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gordon, B.M.","contributorId":29963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mills, R.E.","contributorId":79361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70013219,"text":"70013219 - 1984 - Reaction rate kinetics for in situ combustion retorting of Michigan Antrim oil shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013219","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reaction rate kinetics for in situ combustion retorting of Michigan Antrim oil shale","docAbstract":"The intrinsic reaction rate kinetics for the pyrolysis of Michigan Antrim oil shale and the oxidation of the carbonaceous residue of this shale have been determined using a thermogravimetric analysis method. The kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction were evaluated from both isothermal and nonisothermal rate data. The reaction was found to be second-order with an activation energy of 252.2 kJ/mole, and with a frequency factor of 9.25 ?? 1015 sec-1. Pyrolysis kinetics were not affected by heating rates between 0.01 to 0.67??K/s. No evidence of any reactions among the oil shale mineral constituents was observed at temperatures below 1173??K. However, it was found that the presence of pyrite in oil shale reduces the primary devolatilization rate of kerogen and increases the amount of residual char in the spent shale. Carbonaceous residues which were prepared by heating the oil shale at a rate of 0.166??K/s to temperatures between 923??K and 1073??K, had the highest reactivities when oxidized at 0.166??K/s in a gas having 21 volume percent oxygen. Oxygen chemisorption was found to be the initial precursor to the oxidation process. The kinetics governing oxygen chemisorption is (Equation Presented) where X is the fractional coverage. The oxidation of the carbonaceous residue was found also to be second-order. The activation energy and the frequency factor determined from isothermal experiments were 147 kJ/mole and 9.18??107 sec-1 respectively, while the values of these parameters obtained from a nonisothermal experiment were 212 kJ/mole and 1.5??1013 sec-1. The variation in the rate constants is attributed to the fact that isothermal and nonisothermal analyses represent two different aspects of the combustion process.","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Rostam-Abadi, M., and Mickelson, R., 1984, Reaction rate kinetics for in situ combustion retorting of Michigan Antrim oil shale, in Preprints, v. 29, no. 1.","startPage":"126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a957de4b0c8380cd81a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mickelson, R.W.","contributorId":28743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickelson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013198,"text":"70013198 - 1984 - GIRAS TO MOSS INTERFACE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:16","indexId":"70013198","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GIRAS TO MOSS INTERFACE.","docAbstract":"An analysis of land use change for an area in Boulder County, Colorado, was conducted using digital cartographic data. The authors selected data in the Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) format which is digitized from the 1:250,000-scale land use and land cover map series. The Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS) was used as an analytical tool for the study. The authors describe the methodology used in converting the GIRAS file into a MOSS format and the activities associated with the conversion.","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry and American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294594","usgsCitation":"DiNardo, T., and Jackson, R.A., 1984, GIRAS TO MOSS INTERFACE., Technical Papers - 1984 ACSM-ASP Fall Convention., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 253-258.","startPage":"253","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1460e4b0c8380cd54a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiNardo, Thomas P.","contributorId":43909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiNardo","given":"Thomas P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, R. Alan","contributorId":11330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013984,"text":"70013984 - 1984 - Field and laboratory analyses of water from the Columbia aquifer in Eastern Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T11:06:45.152699","indexId":"70013984","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory analyses of water from the Columbia aquifer in Eastern Maryland","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory analyses of pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance from water samples collected from the Columbia aquifer on the Delmarva Peninsula in eastern Maryland were compared to determine if laboratory analyses could be used for making regional water-quality interpretations.
On the basis of 170 field pH and specific conductance measurements, 165 laboratory pH and specific conductance measurements, and 86 field and 135 laboratory alkalinity measurements, a significant difference at the 0.1-percent level was found between laboratory and field analyses of pH and specific conductance. No significant difference was found between laboratory and field analyses of alkalinity. In most samples, laboratory pH was greater than field pH, laboratory specific conductance was less than field specific conductance, and laboratory alkalinity was equally likely to be less than, the same as, or greater than field alkalinity.
Kruskal-Wallis tests of field and laboratory data grouped by north-south and east-west coordinates and by land use indicate that the difference between field and laboratory values is usually not enough to affect the outcome of the statistical tests. Thus, laboratory measurements of these constituents may be adequate for making certain regional water-quality interpretations, although they may result in errors if used for geochemical interpretations.
A nonlinear least squares procedure and a log transformation procedure for calculating first-order rate coefficients from experimental concentration-versus-time data were compared using laboratory measurements of the volatilization from water of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane and the absorption of oxygen by water. Ratios of the nonlinear least squares to log transformation volatilization and absorption coefficients for 77 tests ranged from 0.955 to 1.08 and averaged 1.01. Comparison of the maximum, minimum, and mean root-mean-square errors of prediction for six sets of coefficients showed that the errors for the nonlinear least squares procedure were almost always smaller than the errors for the log transformation procedure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(84)90175-9","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1984, Comparison of nonlinear least squares and log transformation procedures for calculating volatilization coefficients: Chemosphere, v. 13, no. 7, p. 715-730, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(84)90175-9.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"715","endPage":"730","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303fe4b05ec799131113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013292,"text":"70013292 - 1984 - THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013292","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.","docAbstract":"Thermal-inertia data, derived from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite, were analyzed in areas of varying amounts of vegetation cover. Thermal differences which appear to correlate with lithologic differences have been observed previously in areas of substantial vegetation cover. However, the energy exchange occurring within the canopy is much more complex than that used to develop the methods employed to produce thermal-inertia images. Because adequate models are lacking at present, the interpretation is largely dependent on comparison, correlation, and inference. Two study areas were selected in the western United States: the Richfield, Utah and the Silver City, Arizona-New Mexico, 1 degree multiplied by 2 degree quadrangles. Many thermal-inertia highs were found to be associated with geologic-unit boundaries, faults, and ridges. Lows occur in valleys with residual soil cover.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., and Hummer-Miller, S., 1984, THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 197-216.","startPage":"197","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba389e4b08c986b31fd44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hummer-Miller, Susanne","contributorId":38572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummer-Miller","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014068,"text":"70014068 - 1984 - JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL 1:100,000-SCALE DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATA BASE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014068","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL 1:100,000-SCALE DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATA BASE.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey is beginning a major new program to create a nationwide digital cartographic data base from 1:100,000-scale maps by the end of the decade. This data base will supplement the currently available 1:2,000,000-scale national data base and the selected coverage at 1:24,000-scale. It is anticipated that the data will be useful for both the production of custom graphics and as basic input to geographic information systems. The 1:100,000-scale USGS map series was designed to facilitate automated data capture. The methodologies and procedures used in the data capture process have developed enough so that the two agencies can take advantage of the design features of the 1:100,000-scale maps and work together on complementary tasks to build a digital cartographic data base.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","issn":"07483244","usgsCitation":"Callahan, G.M., and Broome, F.R., 1984, JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL 1:100,000-SCALE DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATA BASE., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 246-253.","startPage":"246","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fd8e4b0c8380cd6487e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callahan, George M.","contributorId":70547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broome, Frederick R.","contributorId":27205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broome","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180414,"text":"70180414 - 1984 - Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180414,"text":"70180414 - 1984 - Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","indexId":"70180414","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38497,"text":"pp1375 - 1984 - Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","indexId":"pp1375","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38497,"text":"pp1375 - 1984 - Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","indexId":"pp1375","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T16:11:59","indexId":"70180414","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1375","title":"Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping and potassium-argon dating by R. L. Detterman, F. H. Wilson, J. E. Case, and Nora Shew in the Ugashik and western part of the Karluk quadrangles have shown that the Eocene and Oligocene volcanic arc continues into these quadrangles from the south in the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles. Surface exposures of the arc extend northward to approximately 57°30'N., or midway through the Ugashik quadrangle, but none are observed north of that point. Subsurface drill-hole data (Brockway and others, 1975) indicate continuation of the arc, possibly offset to the northwest of the northernmost known surface exposures.
In the extreme northern part of the Ugashik and Karluk quadrangles, volcanic rocks again become important. These volcanic rocks are as yet undated; however, they may be related to the Katmai late Tertiary volcanic centers.
Like the early Tertiary volcanic arc, the present-day Aleutian arc is also offset to the northwest in the northern part of the Ugashik and Karluk quadrangles. No major offset of the Mesozoic rocks is indicated through the offset zone; this fact suggests a change in the Tertiary tectonic regime in the area of the offset.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981 (Professional Paper 1375)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70180414","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Offset of Tertiary arcs on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in Geological Survey research, fiscal year 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1375, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180414.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1375/report.pdf#page=88","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Karluk quadrangle, Ugashik quadrangle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905f07e4b072a7ac0cadc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":661614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7157,"text":"ofr84887 - 1984 - Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the Tunnel Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:46:06.949488","indexId":"ofr84887","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-887","title":"Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the Tunnel Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84887","usgsCitation":"Diggles, M.F., Kennedy, G.L., Detra, D., and Sharkey, J.D., 1984, Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the Tunnel Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Klamath Mountains, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-887, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84887.","productDescription":"79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414651,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13609.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":34502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0887/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0887/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United states","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, Tunnel Ridge Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.067,\n 40.8333\n ],\n [\n -123.067,\n 40.745\n ],\n [\n -123.013,\n 40.745\n ],\n [\n -123.013,\n 40.8333\n ],\n [\n -123.067,\n 40.8333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggles, M. F.","contributorId":39356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, G. L.","contributorId":23944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharkey, J. D.","contributorId":85578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharkey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":14103,"text":"ofr84775 - 1984 - Ground-based upward extrapolated gravity data for use in testing the aerial profiling of terrain system (APTS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T16:51:02.976944","indexId":"ofr84775","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-775","title":"Ground-based upward extrapolated gravity data for use in testing the aerial profiling of terrain system (APTS)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84775","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Kucks, R., and Hanna, W.F., 1984, Ground-based upward extrapolated gravity data for use in testing the aerial profiling of terrain system (APTS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-775, Report: 21 p.; 3 Plates: 17.66 x 38.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84775.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 3 Plates: 17.66 x 38.31 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":42748,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0775/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42747,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0775/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0775/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42749,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0775/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422248,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13555.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":147384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0775/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d49b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}