{"pageNumber":"1592","pageRowStart":"39775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70232371,"text":"70232371 - 1974 - Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T14:25:06.955886","indexId":"70232371","displayToPublicDate":"1974-03-01T09:21:11","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman","docAbstract":"<p>The Nimbus III and IV satellites provide reflectance and emittance data from the earth's surface at 8-km resolution. These data have been used to derive a physical property of geologic materials termed '\"thermal inertia\" which appears to have great promise for discriminating surficial units. A thermal inertia map of part of Oman was produced from the Nimbus satellite measurements. Correlation of this map with a reconnaissance geologic map showed gross agreement with the major units but also suggested the need for some modifications of the reconnaissance map. Some of the anomalies were verified by comparison with a later, more detailed map; others remain unexplained and may indicate previously undiscriminated geologic units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pohn, H., Offield, T., and Watson, K., 1974, Thermal inertia mapping from satellite – Discrimination of geologic units in Oman: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 2, p. 147-158.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Oman","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              55.953369140625,\n              22.61401087437029\n            ],\n            [\n              58.32641601562499,\n              22.61401087437029\n            ],\n            [\n              58.32641601562499,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              55.953369140625,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              55.953369140625,\n              22.61401087437029\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohn, H. A.","contributorId":6912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Offield, Terry W.","contributorId":64217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Offield","given":"Terry W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Kenneth","contributorId":91109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70247301,"text":"70247301 - 1974 - Geologic interpretation of gravity profiles in the western Marquette district, northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T17:00:10.669086","indexId":"70247301","displayToPublicDate":"1974-02-01T11:56:58","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic interpretation of gravity profiles in the western Marquette district, northern Michigan","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15228177\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The presence of elongate troughs of Precambrian X (middle Precambrian) rocks in Precambrian W (lower Precambrian) rocks in the western Marquette district of northern Michigan has been known since the late 1800s. However, little data can be brought to bear on estimates of the depth and cross-sectional configuration of these features. For this reason, gravity models and geologic interpretations were made from gravity profiles measured over the Marquette Trough, Republic Trough, and Mitchigan River Trough.</p><p>Gravity-model studies, combined with geologic studies, indicate that near Humboldt, Michigan, the Marquette Trough is ∼2,438 m deep and asymetrically shaped, the deepest section being near the southern edge; near the west end of Lake Michigamme, the Marquette Trough is about 1,097 m deep at its northern edge; the Republic Trough is about 1,524 m deep at a point ∼2.4 km northwest of its southeastern end; and the Mitchigan River Trough is probably a fault-bounded westward-dipping monocline ∼610 m deep.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C213:GIOGPI%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Klasner, J.S., and Cannon, W., 1974, Geologic interpretation of gravity profiles in the western Marquette district, northern Michigan: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 2, p. 213-218, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85%3C213:GIOGPI%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"218","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Marquette district","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.42877989981848,\n              46.51242459442173\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.15729996857891,\n              46.51242459442173\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.15729996857891,\n              46.1033273416686\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42877989981848,\n              46.1033273416686\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42877989981848,\n              46.51242459442173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klasner, John S.","contributorId":46591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207917,"text":"70207917 - 1974 - Preliminary model for extrusion and rifting at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48′ North","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T07:25:01","indexId":"70207917","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-20T11:41:38","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary model for extrusion and rifting at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48′ North","docAbstract":"<p>The inner rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 36°48′ N. is 1.5 to 3 km wide and 100 to 400 m deep. It is symmetrical in profile with a discontinuous medial ridge 100 to 240 m high and 800 to 1,300 m wide along its axis. The medial ridge is replaced every 1 to 3 km with a central trough 200 to 600 m wide.</p><p>The medial ridge is apparently built by eruptions of pillow basalt recurring at intervals of roughly 14,000 years at a given point. Between eruptions (and possibly during them), the ridge splits and divides along its axis and subsides, which produces the central trough. As the trough widens and deepens, it eventually taps magma in a shallow reservoir, initiating a new eruption that rebuilds the medial ridge.</p><p>Outward spreading of the inward-dipping shingled halves of the former medial ridge produces a layer of pillowed basalts about 400 m thick (oceanic layer 2A), in which resides the bulk of the remanant magnetization of the ocean floor. This layer overlies a layer of intrusive rock (layer 2B) composed of a dike complex that feeds eruptions building the medial ridge as well as the outward moving, solidified shells of a shallow magma chamber.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<437:PMFEAR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Fleming, H., 1974, Preliminary model for extrusion and rifting at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48′ North: Geology, v. 2, no. 9, p. 437-440, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<437:PMFEAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36°48' North ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -38.67187499999999,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ],\n            [\n              -35.947265625,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ],\n            [\n              -35.947265625,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -38.67187499999999,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -38.67187499999999,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, H.S.","contributorId":221679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70260856,"text":"70260856 - 1974 - Floods of January 1974 in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T18:22:19.001612","indexId":"70260856","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T12:19:21","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Floods of January 1974 in Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Record floods occurred in parts of Washington during January 14-21, 1974. The floods resulted from runoff from warm, moderately heavy rain that continued most of the week, augmented by runoff from the rapid melting of a near-record snowpack that extended to low elevations. New record peak flows occurred at many gaging stations which have been operated continuously for 20 to 50 years and at on which has been operated since 1907. At least two deaths were attributable to the floods, and property damage in the four hardest hit counties were estimate by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to be $21 million.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70260856","usgsCitation":"Longfield, R., 1974, Floods of January 1974 in Washington: Open-File Report, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70260856.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485022,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70260856/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":463881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70260856/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70246997,"text":"70246997 - 1974 - Sandstone distribution patterns in the Pocahontas Formation of southwest Virginia and southern West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T16:10:47.69847","indexId":"70246997","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T11:00:38","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sandstone distribution patterns in the Pocahontas Formation of southwest Virginia and southern West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>The Pocahontas Formation is a clastic wedge of sandstone, siltstone, shale, coal, and underclay that is transitional between underlying marine strata of Mississippian age and overlying continental beds of Pennsylvanian age. It attains a maximum thickness of 750 ft. at the southeastern edge of the Appalachian coal field and thins northwestward by the tonguing out of lower beds and by the truncation of upper beds at an overlying unconformity.</p><p>Sandstone, which composes about 70 percent of the formation, occurs in lenticular bodies that have two distinct distribution patterns—lobate and linear—of contrasting orientation and composition. The lobate bodies are elongate to the northwest and contain sandstone having a quartz content of about 50 to 65 percent. Within a lobe, thickness lines show a northwestward bifurcating pattern similar to the pattern of channels in an alluvial distributary system of a modern delta. Laterally, lobate bodies merge to form northwestward-thinning sandstone wedges as much as 300 ft. thick. The linear pattern is shown by 3- to 8-mi.-wide sandstone lenses that extend north-northeast for about 45 mi. They are near the distal ends of the lobate sandstone and consist of 0 to 140 ft. of relatively pure quartzose sandstone. The well-washed character and orientation of the linear bodies, normal to the lobate bodies, indicate a barrier-bar origin.</p><p>These sediment distribution patterns show that the Pocahontas Formation was deposited mainly in deltaic complexes built out from the southeast during marine regression to the northwest. Brief periods of transgression and stable shoreline conditions are recorded by tongues of marine strata and by the barrier bars.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carboniferous of the southeastern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE148-p31","usgsCitation":"Englund, K., 1974, Sandstone distribution patterns in the Pocahontas Formation of southwest Virginia and southern West Virginia, chap. <i>of</i> Carboniferous of the southeastern United States, v. 148, p. 31-45, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE148-p31.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.75,\n              37.0686851276413\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7646827351656,\n              36.60149252508124\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.09762234692073,\n              36.98051033383308\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9608918418905,\n              37.20703317524281\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.99770390093735,\n              37.48712333274912\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.75498054417851,\n              37.47040227731853\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24931390851576,\n              37.328397980504164\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.501739456263,\n              37.21540705934481\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.75,\n              37.0686851276413\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Briggs, G.","contributorId":16567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878504,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Englund, Kenneth J.","contributorId":105371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Englund","given":"Kenneth J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70247401,"text":"70247401 - 1974 - Water-management studies of a stream-aquifer system, Arkansas River Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T15:36:25.743334","indexId":"70247401","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T10:33:10","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-management studies of a stream-aquifer system, Arkansas River Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>A mathematical model was developed and used to simulate the stream-aquifer system in the Arkansas River valley in southeastern Colorado, from Pueblo to the Colorado-Kansas State line. The model simulates the interrelations among ground water and surface water including reservoirs, losses, and transmountain diversions, utilizing various water-distribution rules. The model was used to analyze 24 water-management plans designed to reduce shortages in the irrigation supply. One management plan simulated salvage of water from phreatophyte evapotranspiration, different reservoir operation regulations, use of imported ground and surface water, a new reservoir, additional ground-water use, and application of excess streamflow. The resulting annual dependable supply was increased from 610,000 acre-feet to 870,000 acre-feet in relation to an annual demand of 1,100,000 acre-feet. The model can be used as a tool to analyze other water-management plans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb02997.x","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., and Luckey, R.R., 1974, Water-management studies of a stream-aquifer system, Arkansas River Valley, Colorado: Groundwater, v. 12, no. 1, p. 22-38, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb02997.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.78393923614753,\n              39.03731677993051\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.78393923614753,\n              36.991243523169516\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0502964601309,\n              36.991243523169516\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0502964601309,\n              39.03731677993051\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.78393923614753,\n              39.03731677993051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luckey, Richard R.","contributorId":17980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162484,"text":"70162484 - 1974 - Earthquake history of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-15T16:56:43","indexId":"70162484","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake history of Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Montana is one of the most seismically active States in the Union. Since 1925, the State has experienced five shocks that reached intensity VIII or greater (Modified Mercalli Scale). During the same interval hundreds of less severe tremors were felt within the State. Montana's earthquake activity is concentrated mostly in the mountainous western third of the State which lies within a seismic zone that also includes southeastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and central Utah.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"von Hake, C., 1974, Earthquake history of Montana: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 6, no. 4, p. 30-35.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.03759765625,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.08154296875001,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.79589843749999,\n              47.7097615426664\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49951171875,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.45556640625,\n              45.49094569262732\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              45.66012730272194\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.57666015625,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.09326171875,\n              44.54350521320822\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.74169921875,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.357421875,\n              44.54350521320822\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              44.94924926661153\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0185546875,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.08447265624999,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.03759765625,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a7554de4b0b28f1184d7f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Hake, C. A.","contributorId":7699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Hake","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170238,"text":"70170238 - 1974 - A geologic and geophysical study of the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T15:47:13","indexId":"70170238","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geologic and geophysical study of the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake zone","docAbstract":"<p>A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X was reported in Charleston. Damage to buildings was extensive, railroads were made impassable, and communications were disrupted. During the earthquake 27 people were killed, and 56 later died as a result of exposure and injuries sustained during the shaking. The earthquake was reported felt as far as New England, Wisconsin, and Missouri, an area of 5 million square kilometres.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Higgins, B., and Popenoe, P., 1974, A geologic and geophysical study of the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake zone: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 6, no. 6, p. 16-23.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.85275268554688,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.068359375,\n              33.18813395605041\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.23727416992188,\n              33.089240433964726\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26611328125,\n              32.95221579117345\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.34027099609375,\n              32.64400044827676\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.25650024414062,\n              32.531762869982266\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1397705078125,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9310302734375,\n              32.65209462833938\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.78958129882812,\n              32.75263255213169\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6563720703125,\n              32.8149783969858\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.55337524414062,\n              32.91187391621322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.54376220703125,\n              32.96949953291244\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.79644775390625,\n              33.14560040196164\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.85275268554688,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c2ce4b0ef3b7ca24c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, B.B.","contributorId":8091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, P.","contributorId":105434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162483,"text":"70162483 - 1974 - Earthquake history of Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T15:33:54.289735","indexId":"70162483","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake history of Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Nebraska is in a region of moderate seismicity occasionally punctuated by rather strong earthquakes. Most of the State is seismic risk zone 1, with a small part in the southeast corner in risk zone 2. the first significant earthquake felt in Nebraska occurred in 1867, the year that statehood was achieved. the tremor occurred on <i>April 24, 1867,&nbsp;</i>and was apparently centered near Lawrence, Kansas. It affected an area estimated at 780,000 km<sup>2</sup> including much of Nebraska. Since 1867, at least seven earthquakes of intensity V or greater have originated within Nebraska's boundaries. Several strong earthquakes centered in neighboring States have also been felt over limited portions of Nebraska. None of these caused damage.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"von Hake, C., 1974, Earthquake history of Nebraska: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 6, no. 5, p. 32-33.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425652,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70162483/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":314805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70162483/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70162482,"text":"70162482 - 1974 - Earthquake history of Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T15:02:00","indexId":"70162482","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake history of Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1852, more than 30 shocks of intensity VI or greater (Modified Mercalli scale) have occurred in western Nevada. At least three of these were classified as intensity X. In addition, seven earthquakes (intensity VI or greater) were centered in the eastern part of the State. Almost 2,000 other shocks have been cataloged in the nearly 125-year period of historical records. Thus, Nevada ranks among the most seismically active States.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"von Hake, C., 1974, Earthquake history of Nevada: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 6, no. 6, p. 26-29.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70164355,"text":"70164355 - 1974 - New seismic study begins in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T10:17:04","indexId":"70164355","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New seismic study begins in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>A new seismological project is now underway in Puerto Rico to provide information needed for accurate assessment of the island's seismic hazard. The project should also help to increase understanding of the tectonics and geologic evolution of the Caribbean region. The Puerto Rico Seismic Program is being conducted by the Geological Survey with support provided by the Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority, an agency responsible for generation and distribution of electric power throughout the Commonwealth. The Program will include the installation of a network of high quality seismograph stations to monitor seismic activity on and around Puerto Rico. These stations will be distributed across the island to record the seismicity as uniformly as possible. The detection and accurate location of small earthquakes, as well as moderate magnitude shocks, will aid in mapping active seismic zones and in compiling frequency of occurrence statistics which ultimately wil be useful in seismic risk-zoning of hte island.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Tarr, A., 1974, New seismic study begins in Puerto Rico: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 6, no. 4, p. 23-26.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.15393066406249,\n              18.516074596589366\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.19512939453125,\n              18.461373375441447\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.30224609375,\n              18.351918656384534\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.18963623046875,\n              18.22674258246203\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.23907470703125,\n              18.054478439496076\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.22259521484375,\n              17.91863608052212\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.05780029296875,\n              17.91602270387768\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.829833984375,\n              17.921249418623304\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.70898437499999,\n              17.934315530810004\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.4837646484375,\n              17.947380678685217\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.33819580078125,\n              17.913409288694826\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.1761474609375,\n              17.908182342733486\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.00860595703125,\n              17.939541705711544\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.80810546875,\n              17.981345545819597\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7696533203125,\n              18.091033487001273\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7147216796875,\n              18.158901213171138\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.61859130859375,\n              18.187606552494625\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.5609130859375,\n              18.245003052249718\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.58013916015625,\n              18.325847765727083\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.621337890625,\n              18.40665471391906\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.81085205078125,\n              18.445741249840804\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.082763671875,\n              18.47960905583197\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.39312744140625,\n              18.51347017266187\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.796875,\n              18.505656663040533\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.11822509765625,\n              18.529096121414817\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.15393066406249,\n              18.516074596589366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fe1e4b010e2af2a5dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C.","contributorId":75903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007687,"text":"1007687 - 1974 - Seasonal water potential changes in Sonoran Desert shrubs in relation to topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:50:36.202558","indexId":"1007687","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal water potential changes in Sonoran Desert shrubs in relation to topography","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water potential in Sonoran Desert shrubs was recorded from September 1968 through September 1969. Special attention was paid to recording maximum and minimum potentials on a seasonal basis and diurnal fluctuations during the wettest and driest periods of the year. Franseria deltoidea developed the lowest potential (—85 bar) of the shrubs recorded and also showed the greatest degree of response to changes in soil moisture on a seasonal basis and evaporative power of the air on a diurnal basis. Of the species tested, Eriogonum fasciculatum showed a high degree of response to changing conditions; Larrea tridentata, Krameria gravi, and Simmondsia chinesis showed a moderate response; and Cercidium microphyllum showed only a slight response to diurnal or seasonal changes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1934632","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W., and Patten, D.T., 1974, Seasonal water potential changes in Sonoran Desert shrubs in relation to topography: Ecology, v. 55, p. 173-177, https://doi.org/10.2307/1934632.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, William L.","contributorId":97194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patten, Duncan T.","contributorId":124573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1689,"text":"wsp2033 - 1974 - Availability of ground water in the lower Pawcatuck River basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T20:19:36.788644","indexId":"wsp2033","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2033","title":"Availability of ground water in the lower Pawcatuck River basin, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The lower Pawcatuck River basin in southwestern Rhode Island is an area of about 169 square miles underlain by crystalline bedrock over which lies a relatively thin mantle of glacial till and stratified drift. Stratified drift, consisting dominantly of sand and gravel, occurs in irregularly shaped linear deposits that are generally less than a mile wide and less than 125 feet thick; these deposits are found along the Pawcatuck River, its tributaries, and abandoned preglacial channels. Deposits of stratified sand and gravel constitute the principal aquifer in the lower Pawcatuck basin and the only one capable of sustaining yields of 100 gallons per minute or more to individual wells. \r\n\r\nWater available for development in this aquifer consists of water in storage--potential ground-water runoff to streams--plus infiltration that can be induced from streams. Minimum annual ground-water runoff from the sand and gravel aquifer is calculated to be at least 1.17 cubic feet per second per square mile, or 0.76 million gallons per day per square mile. Potential recharge by induced infiltration is estimated to range from about 250 to 600 gallons per day per linear foot of streambed for the principal streams. In most areas, induced infiltration from streams constitutes the major source of water potentially available for development by wells. \r\n\r\nBecause subsurface hydraulic connection in the sand and gravel aquifer is poor in several places, the deposits are conveniently divisible into several ground-water reservoirs. The potential yield from five of the most promising ground-water reservoirs is evaluated by means of mathematical models. Results indicate that continuous withdrawals ranging from 1.3 to 10.3 million gallons per day, and totaling 31 million gallons per day, are obtainable from these reservoirs. Larger yields may be recovered by different well placement, spacing, construction and development, pumping practice, and so forth. \r\n\r\nWithdrawals at the rates indicated will reduce streamflow downstream from pumping centers but generally will not result in streams going dry, provided the water is returned to the basin. Export of water from the basin will require careful consideration of the effects of such withdrawals on low streamflow. Export from the Pawcatuck basin of 27 million gallons per day, estimated to be available from ground-water reservoirs in the upper Pawcatuck basin, in addition to 37.5 million gallons per day available in the lower Pawcatuck basin, will markedly reduce low streamflow. The 90-percent duration flow of the Pawcatuck River at Westerly would be reduced from 75 million gallons per day to perhaps as little as 21 million gallons per day. \r\n\r\nThe chemical quality of water from both the sand and gravel aquifer and associated streams is suitable for most purposes. The water is soft, slightly acidic, and typically has a dissolved-solids content of less than 75 milligrams per liter. Some treatment may be required locally for removal of iron and manganese to meet recommended standards of the U.S. Public Health Service for drinking water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2033","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, J.B., Johnston, H.E., and Malmberg, G.T., 1974, Availability of ground water in the lower Pawcatuck River basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2033, Report: iv, 40 p.; 5 Plates: 20.00 x 38.88 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2033.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 40 p.; 5 Plates: 20.00 x 38.88 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422303,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25524.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26769,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26773,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26772,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26770,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2033/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"lower Pawcatuck River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.843,\n              41.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.843,\n              41.345\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.614,\n              41.345\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.614,\n              41.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.843,\n              41.667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d91d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Joseph B.","contributorId":74350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":143976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Herbert E.","contributorId":16392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malmberg, Glenn T.","contributorId":11196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmberg","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010163,"text":"70010163 - 1974 - Craters on Earth, Moon, and Mars: Multivariate classification and mode of origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T14:35:52.349053","indexId":"70010163","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Craters on Earth, Moon, and Mars: Multivariate classification and mode of origin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id3\"><p>Testing extraterrestrial craters and candidate terrestrial analogs for morphologic similitude is treated as a problem in numerical taxonomy. According to a principal-components solution and a cluster analysis, 402 representative craters on the Earth, the Moon, and Mars divide into two major classes of contrasting shapes and modes of origin. Craters of net accumulation of material (cratered lunar domes, Martian “calderas,” and all terrestrial volcanoes except maars and tuff rings) group apart from craters of excavation (terrestrial meteorite impact and experimental explosion craters, typical Martian craters, and all other lunar craters). Maars and tuff rings belong to neither group but are transitional. The classification criteria are four independent attributes of topographic geometry derived from seven descriptive variables by the principal-components transformation. Morphometric differences between crater bowl and raised rim constitute the strongest of the four components. Although single topographic variables cannot confidently predict the genesis of individual extraterrestrial craters, multivariate statistical models constructed from several variables can distinguish consistently between large impact craters and volcanoes.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(74)90088-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 1974, Craters on Earth, Moon, and Mars: Multivariate classification and mode of origin: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 22, no. 3, p. 245-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(74)90088-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc9be4b0c8380cd4e341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010950,"text":"70010950 - 1974 - Ejecta from large craters on the Moon: Comments on the geometric model of McGetchin et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T14:21:50.150674","indexId":"70010950","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ejecta from large craters on the Moon: Comments on the geometric model of McGetchin et al.","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id3\"><p>Amendments to a quantitative scheme developed by T.R. McGetchin et al. (1973) for predicting the distribution of ejecta from lunar basins yield substantially thicker estimates of ejecta, deposited at the basin rim-crest and at varying ranges byond, than does the original model. Estimates of the total volume of material ejected from a basin, illustrated by Imbrium, also are much greater. Because many uncertainties affect any geometric model developed primarily from terrestrial analogs of lunar craters, predictions of ejecta thickness and volume on the Moon may range within at least an order of magnitude. These problems are exemplified by the variability of<i>T</i>, thickness of ejecta at the rim-crest of terrestrial experimental craters. The proportion of<i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to crater rim-height depends critically upon scaled depth-of-burst and whether the explosive is nuclear or chemical.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(74)90114-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 1974, Ejecta from large craters on the Moon: Comments on the geometric model of McGetchin et al.: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 23, no. 3, p. 265-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(74)90114-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a087ae4b0c8380cd51b2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010918,"text":"70010918 - 1974 - Oxygen isotope activities and concentrations in aqueous salt solutions at elevated temperatures: Consequences for isotope geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T14:22:50.051957","indexId":"70010918","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope activities and concentrations in aqueous salt solutions at elevated temperatures: Consequences for isotope geochemistry","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Studies of the effect of dissolved salts on the oxygen isotope activity ratio of water have been extended to 275°C. Dehydrated salts were added to water of known isotope composition and the solutions were equilibrated with CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>which was sampled for analysis. For comparison similar studies were made using pure water. Results on water nearly coincide with earlier calculations. Salt effects diminish with increasing temperature only for solutions of MgCl<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and LiCl. Other salt solutions show complex behavior due to the temperature-dependent formation of ion pairs of changing character. Equilibrium fractionations (10<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ln α) between 1 molal solutions and pure water at 25, 100, and 275°C are: NaCl 0.0, −1.5, +1.0; KCl 0.0, −1.0, +2.0; LiCl −1.0, −0.6, −0.5; CaCl<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>−0.4, −1.8, +0.8; MgCl<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>−1.1, −0.7, −0.3; MgSO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>−1.1, +0.1, −; NaF (0.8 m) 0.0, −1.5, −0.3; and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl (0.55 m) 0.0, −1.2, −1.3. These effects are significant in the isotope study of hot saline fluids responsible for ore deposition and of fluids found in certain geothermal systems. Minor modification of published isotope geothermometers may be required.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(74)90128-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., 1974, Oxygen isotope activities and concentrations in aqueous salt solutions at elevated temperatures: Consequences for isotope geochemistry: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 23, no. 3, p. 387-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(74)90128-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a728be4b0c8380cd76b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":359894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009795,"text":"70009795 - 1974 - The regolith at the Apollo 15 site and its stratigraphic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T15:12:43.485181","indexId":"70009795","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The regolith at the Apollo 15 site and its stratigraphic implications","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Regolith samples from the Apollo 15 landing site are described in terms of two major fractions, a homogeneous glass fraction and a non-homogeneous glass fraction. The proportions of different components in the homogeneous glass fraction were determined directly by chemical analyses of individual particles. They are mainly green glass, a mare-like glass, and different types of Fra Mauro and Highland type glasses. The proportions of various components in the remainder of each of the soils were determined indirectly by finding the mix of components that best fits their bulk compositions. The mixing model suggests that the Apennine Front consists mainly of rocks of low-K Fra Mauro basalt composition. These may overlie rocks with the composition of anorthositic gabbro. Green glass, which occurs widely throughout the site is believed to be derived from a green glass layer which darkens upland surfaces and lies beneath the local mare surface.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(74)90012-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., and Meyer, C., 1974, The regolith at the Apollo 15 site and its stratigraphic implications: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 38, no. 7, p. 1183-1197, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90012-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1183","endPage":"1197","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf06e4b08c986b3244d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":357163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010202,"text":"70010202 - 1974 - The role of lava erosion in the formation of lunar rilles and Martian channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T14:19:57.287669","indexId":"70010202","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of lava erosion in the formation of lunar rilles and Martian channels","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Lava tubes and channels develop around active sources of low viscosity lava. The channels normally form without erosion; however, sustained flow can result in the incision of a lava channel and simulation of fluvial erosion features. Lava erosion by means of thermal incision was modelled by computer, erosion rates calculated, and these compared with rates observed terrestrially. Lunar sinuous rilles are examined in light of the proposed lava erosion. The mechanism explains many features of lunar rilles that were heretofore puzzling and implies erosion rates comparable to terrestrial rates. Many Mars channels also appear to form by the action of lava; however, the larger, more spectacular Mars channels do not appear to have been formed by the same process.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(74)90162-6","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1974, The role of lava erosion in the formation of lunar rilles and Martian channels: Icarus, v. 22, no. 1, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(74)90162-6.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf7de4b08c986b324827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010200,"text":"70010200 - 1974 - 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of some undisturbed terrestrial samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T14:24:09.832532","indexId":"70010200","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar age spectra of some undisturbed terrestrial samples","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age spectra and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar vs<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar isochrons were determined by incremental heating for 11 terrestrial rocks and minerals whose geology indicates that they represent essentially undisturbed systems. The samples include muscovite, biotite, hornblende, sanidine, plagioclase, dacite, diabase and basalt and range in age from 40 to 1700 m.y. For each sample, the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ratios, corrected for atmospheric and neutron-generated argon isotopes, are the same for most of the gas fractions released and the age spectra, which show pronounced plateaus, thus are consistent with models previously proposed for undisturbed samples. Plateau ages and isochron ages calculated using plateau age fractions are concordant and appear to be meaningful estimates of the crystallization and cooling ages of these samples. Seemingly anomalous age spectrum points can be attributed entirely to small amounts of previously unrecognized argon loss and to gas fractions that contain too small (less than 2 per cent) a proportion of the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup>Ar released to be geologically significant. The use of a quantitative abscissa for age spectrum diagrams is recommended so that the size of each gas fraction is readily apparent. Increments containing less than about 4–5 per cent of the total<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup>Ar released should be interpreted cautiously. Both the age spectrum and isochron methods of data reduction for incremental heating experiments are worthwhile, as each gives slightly different but complementary information about the sample from the same basic data. Use of a least-squares fit that allows for correlated errors is recommended for<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar vs<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar isochrons. The results indicate that the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar incremental heating technique can be used to distinguish disturbed from undisturbed rock and mineral systems and will be a valuable geochronological tool in geologically complex terranes.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(74)90146-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., and Lanphere, M.A., 1974, 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of some undisturbed terrestrial samples: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 38, no. 5, p. 715-738, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90146-X.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e261e4b0c8380cd45b25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":55146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010059,"text":"70010059 - 1974 - Osmium, ruthenium, iridium and uranium in silicates and chromite from the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T14:24:50.807193","indexId":"70010059","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmium, ruthenium, iridium and uranium in silicates and chromite from the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>Osmium, ruthenium, iridium and uranium contents were determined in eight ortho pyroxene, seven plagioclase, and three chromite mineral separates from the eastern Bushveld Complex. Neutron activation analysis was used to measure the platinum metals, and uranium was determined by a fission track technique. The platinum metals were found to be present within each minéral in the proportions<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Os</i>:<i>Ru</i>:<i>Ir</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1:7:1, while the concentrations of these metals in the minerals are in the ratios orthopyroxene:plagioclase:chromite = 1:16:700. The concentration of uranium was found to range from 11 to 66 ppb (parts per billion) and not to vary significantly from mineral to mineral. The data for the platinum metals are consistent with a model in which the eastern Bushveld Complex was formed by the fractional crystallization of two separately injected magmas. A computer fit of this model to these data indicates that the initial concentrations of Os, Ru and Ir in the first magma were 0.24, 2.0 and 0.21 ppb and in the second magma were 0.16, 1.1 and 0.18 ppb, respectively. The fit also yields the distribution coefficients for the partitioning between the liquid and cumulus orthopyroxene, cumulus plagioclase and cumulus chromite. These coefficients (mineral/liquid) for osmium are 4.5, 66 and 2700; for ruthenium, they are 5, 65 and 2700; and for iridium, they are 4, 60 and 1600. To make this fit, it was necessary to hypothesize the existence of two types of chromite: one type with a large distribution coefficient, presumably formed as a cumulus phase at high temperature, and another, more prevalent type with a smaller distribution coefficient, which may have been formed by postcumulus growth at a lower temperature. This hypothesis is supported by data for coexisting chromite-silicate pairs, which indicate that the chromite grains expelled these platinum metals as they cooled.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(74)90113-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Gijbels, R., Millard, H.T., Desborough, G.A., and Bartel, A., 1974, Osmium, ruthenium, iridium and uranium in silicates and chromite from the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 38, no. 2, p. 319-337, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90113-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[31.521,-29.25739],[31.32556,-29.40198],[30.90176,-29.90996],[30.62281,-30.42378],[30.05572,-31.14027],[28.92555,-32.17204],[28.21976,-32.77195],[27.46461,-33.22696],[26.41945,-33.61495],[25.90966,-33.66704],[25.78063,-33.94465],[25.17286,-33.79685],[24.67785,-33.98718],[23.59404,-33.79447],[22.98819,-33.91643],[22.57416,-33.86408],[21.5428,-34.25884],[20.68905,-34.41718],[20.07126,-34.79514],[19.61641,-34.81917],[19.19328,-34.4626],[18.85531,-34.44431],[18.42464,-33.99787],[18.37741,-34.13652],[18.2445,-33.86775],[18.25008,-33.28143],[17.92519,-32.61129],[18.24791,-32.42913],[18.22176,-31.66163],[17.56692,-30.72572],[17.06442,-29.87864],[17.06292,-29.87595],[16.34498,-28.57671],[16.82402,-28.08216],[17.21893,-28.35594],[17.3875,-28.78351],[17.83615,-28.85638],[18.4649,-29.04546],[19.00213,-28.97244],[19.89473,-28.4611],[19.89577,-24.76779],[20.16573,-24.91796],[20.75861,-25.86814],[20.66647,-26.47745],[20.88961,-26.82854],[21.6059,-26.72653],[22.10597,-26.28026],[22.57953,-25.97945],[22.82427,-25.50046],[23.3121,-25.26869],[23.73357,-25.39013],[24.21127,-25.67022],[25.02517,-25.71967],[25.66467,-25.48682],[25.76585,-25.17485],[25.94165,-24.69637],[26.48575,-24.61633],[26.78641,-24.24069],[27.11941,-23.57432],[28.01724,-22.82775],[29.43219,-22.09131],[29.83904,-22.10222],[30.32288,-22.27161],[30.65987,-22.15157],[31.19141,-22.25151],[31.6704,-23.65897],[31.93059,-24.36942],[31.75241,-25.48428],[31.83778,-25.84333],[31.33316,-25.66019],[31.04408,-25.73145],[30.94967,-26.02265],[30.67661,-26.39808],[30.68596,-26.74385],[31.28277,-27.28588],[31.86806,-27.17793],[32.07167,-26.73382],[32.83012,-26.74219],[32.58026,-27.47016],[32.46213,-28.30101],[32.20339,-28.7524],[31.521,-29.25739]]],[[[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.97826,-28.9556],[29.32517,-29.25739],[29.01842,-29.74377],[28.8484,-30.07005],[28.29107,-30.22622],[28.1072,-30.54573],[27.7494,-30.64511],[26.99926,-29.87595],[27.53251,-29.24271],[28.07434,-28.85147],[28.5417,-28.6475]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Africa\"}}]}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7135e4b0c8380cd7650d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gijbels, R.h.","contributorId":29564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gijbels","given":"R.h.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millard, Hugh T. Jr.","contributorId":67502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"Hugh","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartel, A.J.","contributorId":34508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartel","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011077,"text":"70011077 - 1974 - Martian planetwide crater distributions: Implications for geologic history and surface processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:55:17.854115","indexId":"70011077","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian planetwide crater distributions: Implications for geologic history and surface processes","docAbstract":"<p>Population-density maps of craters in three size ranges (0.6 to 1.2 km, 4 to 10 km, and &gt;20 km in diameter) were compiled for most of Mars from Mariner 9 imagery. These data provide: historical records of the eolian processes (0.6 to 1.2 km craters); stratigraphic, relative, and absolute timescales (4 to 10 km craters); and a history of the early postaccretional evolution of the uplands (&gt; 20 km craters).</p><p>Based on the distribution of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>large craters</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(&gt;20 km diameters), Mars is divisible into two general classes of terrain, densely cratered and very lightly cratered—a division remarkably like the uplands-maria dichotomy of the moon. It is probable that this bimodal character in the density distribution of large craters arose from an abrupt transition in the impact flux rate from an early intense period associated with the tailing off of accretion to an extended quiescent epoch,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>not</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from a void in geological activity during much of Mars' history. Radio-isotope studies of Apollo lunar samples show that this transition occurred on the moon in a short time.</p><p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>intermediate-sized</i><span>&nbsp;</span>craters (4 to 10 km diameter) and the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>small-sized</i><span>&nbsp;</span>craters (0.6 to 1.2 km diameter) appear to be genetically related. The smaller ones are apparently secondary impact craters generated by the former. Most of the craters in the larger of these two size classes appear fresh and uneroded, although many are partly buried by dust mantles. Poleward of the 40° parallels the small fresh craters are notably absent owing to these mantles. The density of small craters is highest in an irregular band centered at 20°S. This band coincides closely with (1) the zone of permanent low-albedo markings; (2) the “wind equator” (the latitude of zero net north or south transport at the surface); and (3) a band that includes a majority of the small dendritic channels. Situated in the southermost part of the equatorial unmantled terrain which extends from about 40°N to 40°S, this band is apparently devoid of even a thin mantle. Because this belt is also coincident with the latitutde of maximum solar insolation (periapsis occurs near summer solstice), we suggest that this band arises from the asymmetrical global wind patterns at the surface and that the band probably follows the latitude of maximum heating which migrates north and south from 25°N to 25°S within the unmantled terrain on a 50,000 year timescale.</p><p>The population of intermediate-sized craters (4–10 km diameter) appears unaffected by the eolian mantles, at least within the ±45° latitudes. Hence the local density of these craters is probably a valid indicator of the relative age of surfaces generated during the period since the uplands were intensely bombarded and eroded. It now appears that the impact fluxes at Mars and the moon have been roughly the same over the last 4 b.y. because the oldest postaccretional, mare-like surfaces on Mars and the moon display about the same crater density. If so, the nearness of Mars to the asteroid belt has not generated a flux 10 to 25 times greater than the lunar flux. Whereas the lunar maria show a variation of about a factor of three in crater density from the oldest to the youngest major units, analogous surfaces on Mars show a variation between 30 and 50. This implies that periods of active eolian erosion, tectonic evolution, volcanic eruption, and possibly fluvial modification have been scattered throughout Martian history since the formation and degradation of the martian uplands and not confined to small, ancient or recent, epochs. These processes are surely active on the planet today.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(74)90175-4","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Soderblom, L., Condit, C., West, R., Herman, B., and Kreidler, T.J., 1974, Martian planetwide crater distributions: Implications for geologic history and surface processes: Icarus, v. 22, no. 3, p. 239-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(74)90175-4.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5234e4b0c8380cd6c23d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Condit, C.D.","contributorId":60250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condit","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, R.A.","contributorId":51019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herman, B.M.","contributorId":24494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kreidler, T. J.","contributorId":57460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreidler","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047607,"text":"70047607 - 1973 - Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47996,"text":"ofr71342 - 1971 - Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas","indexId":"ofr71342","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047607,"text":"70047607 - 1973 - Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas","indexId":"70047607","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-14T13:41:12","indexId":"70047607","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:13:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":133,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"166","title":"Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas","docAbstract":"Coke County, located in semiarid west-central Texas, where large ranches, small farms, and oil production are the main bases of the economy, has a small supply of ground and surface water. Of the approximately 1,900 acre-feet of fresh to moderately saline ground water used in 1968, industry used 880 acre-feet, irrigation used 210 acre-feet, and domestic supply and livestock used 820 acre-feet. All of the water for municipal supply and some of the water for industry is obtained from surface-water reservoirs.","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Water Development Board","publisherLocation":"San Antonio, TX","collaboration":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey under cooperative agreement with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C.A., 1973, Ground-water resources of Coke County, Texas: Report 166, v, 87 p.","productDescription":"v, 87 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047607.png"},{"id":276604,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/R166/Report166.asp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Coke County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.8254,31.692 ], [ -100.8254,32.0856 ], [ -100.2344,32.0856 ], [ -100.2344,31.692 ], [ -100.8254,31.692 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520ca6e7e4b081fa6136d3ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Clyde A.","contributorId":65464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042561,"text":"70042561 - 1973 - Crater studies: Part A: lunar crater morphometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T15:27:14","indexId":"70042561","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"330","title":"Crater studies: Part A: lunar crater morphometry","docAbstract":"Morphometry, the quantitative study of shape, complements the visual observation and photointerpretation in analyzing the most outstanding landforms of the Moon, its craters (refs. 32-1 and 32-2). All three of these interpretative tools, which were developed throughout the long history of telescopic lunar study preceding the Apollo Program, will continue to be applicable to crater analysis until detailed field work becomes possible. Although no large (>17.5 km diameter) craters were examined in situ on any of the Apollo landings, the photographs acquired from the command modules will markedly strengthen results of less direct investigations of the craters. For morphometry, the most useful materials are the orbital metric and panoramic photographs from the final three Apollo missions. These photographs permit preparation of contour maps, topographic profiles, and other numerical data that accurately portray for the first time the surface geometry of lunar craters of all sizes. Interpretations of craters no longer need be compromised by inadequate topographic data. In the pre-Apollo era, hypotheses for the genesis of lunar craters usually were constructed without any numerical descriptive data. Such speculations will have little credibility unless supported by accurate, quantitative data, especially those generated from Apollo orbital photographs. This paper presents a general study of the surface geometry of 25 far-side craters and a more detailed study of rim-crest evenness for 15 near-side and far-side craters. Analysis of this preliminary sample of Apollo 15 and 17 data, which includes craters between 1.5 and 275 km in diameter, suggests that most genetic interpretations of craters made from pre-Apollo topographic measurements may require no drastic revision. All measurements were made from topographic profiles generated on a stereoplotter at the Photogrammetric Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey, Center of Astrogeology, Flagstaff, Arizona.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 17 preliminary science report (NASA SP-330)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., 1973, Crater studies: Part A: lunar crater morphometry, chap. <i>of</i> Apollo 17 preliminary science report (NASA SP-330), p. 32-1-32-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"32-1","endPage":"32-7","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265576,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17psr.html"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f14273e4b0c982afefa87f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042574,"text":"70042574 - 1973 - Remote sensing and photogrammetric studies: Part D: repeatability of elevation measurements--Apollo photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T18:03:44","indexId":"70042574","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"330","title":"Remote sensing and photogrammetric studies: Part D: repeatability of elevation measurements--Apollo photography","docAbstract":"Stereoscopic photographs of the Moon taken by the metric and panoramic cameras on board the service module of Apollo spacecraft provide a source for quantitative data on lunar topography. The accuracy of the topographic data depends, in part, on the repeatability of elevation measurements. The repeatability depends on contrast in the stereoscopic image and is affected by many factors, such as photographic quality, the photogrammetric instrument used, and illumination conditions. For the Moon, illumination conditions are important so that repeatability of elevation measurements may be statistically related to Sun elevation angles, local slopes, and albedos of surfaces. We have examined the effect of Sun elevation angle on repeatability, using Apollo 15 photographs (Wu, unpublished data), and extended the results to slope-related effects.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 17 preliminary science report (NASA SP-330)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wu, S.S., Schafer, F.J., Nakata, G.M., and Jordan, R., 1973, Remote sensing and photogrammetric studies: Part D: repeatability of elevation measurements--Apollo photography, chap. <i>of</i> Apollo 17 preliminary science report (NASA SP-330), p. 33-35-33-40.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"33-35","endPage":"33-40","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265585,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17psr.html"},{"id":265586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f14282e4b0c982afefa8b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Sherman S.C.","contributorId":33198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schafer, Francis J.","contributorId":60517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakata, Gary M.","contributorId":22224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordan, Raymond","contributorId":91466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042539,"text":"70042539 - 1973 - Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 17 landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T18:17:01","indexId":"70042539","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"330","title":"Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 17 landing site","docAbstract":"The Apollo 17 lunar module (LM) landed on the flat floor of a deep valley that embays the mountainous highlands at the eastern rim of the Serenitatis basin. Serenitatis, the site of a pronounced mascon, is one of the major multi-ringed basins on the near side of the Moon. The Taurus-Littrow valley, which is radial to the Serenitatis basis, is interpreted as a deep graben formed by structural adjustment of lunar crustal material to the Serenitatis impact.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Apollo 17 preliminary science report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Muehlberger, W., Batson, R.M., Cernan, E., Freeman, V.L., Hait, M., Holt, H.E., Howard, K.A., Jackson, E., Larson, K., Reed, V.S., Rennilson, J.J., Schmitt, H., Scott, D.H., Sutton, R.L., Stuart-Alexander, D., Swann, G., Trask, N., Ulrich, G., Wilshire, H.G., and Wolfe, E., 1973, Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 17 landing site, chap. <i>of</i> Apollo 17 preliminary science report, p. 6-1-6-91.","productDescription":"91 p.","startPage":"6-1","endPage":"6-91","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265547,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17psr.html"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f1427de4b0c982afefa89d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muehlberger, W.R.","contributorId":66732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlberger","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batson, R. 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