No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University Publications Division of Physical Biological Sciences, Ltd","publisherLocation":"Blacksburg, Va.","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Johnson, S., 1975, Sequential bidding models--a decision theoretic approach: Industrial Organization Review, v. 3, no. 1, p. 49-55.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.R.","contributorId":38691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042935,"text":"70042935 - 1975 - Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13860,"text":"ofr7467 - 1974 - Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"ofr7467","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Posssible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042935,"text":"70042935 - 1975 - Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"70042935","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:33:59","indexId":"70042935","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","docAbstract":"The ore deposits in the northern part of the Coeur d'Alene district are located within rocks of the Belt Supergroup that have been intruded by Cretaceous quartz monzonites. Lead-zinc-silver replacement veins constitute most of the deposits. The geometry of the district has been modified by post-ore faulting along the Osburn, Dobson Pass, and other faults. The original position of the Gem stocks, before their separation from the Diego Peak stocks by the Dobson Pass fault, can be approximately reconstructed by moving the truncated stocks and associated geochemical dispersion patterns back into matching positions. The known mineral belts are defined by dispersion patterns of both lead and the Pb:Zn ratio. Similar dispersion patterns of lead and the Pb:Zn ration northwest of the original position of the Gem stocks suggest that the mineral belts extend into that area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and Botbol, J.M., 1975, Possible extension of mineral belts, northern part of Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266672,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,42.0 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.0,49.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -117.24,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5108fd8ce4b0d965cd9f2366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gott, Garland B.","contributorId":8837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gott","given":"Garland","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, Joseph M.","contributorId":19857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042719,"text":"70042719 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14933,"text":"ofr75304 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"ofr75304","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042719,"text":"70042719 - 1975 - A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","indexId":"70042719","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T15:34:06","indexId":"70042719","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":259,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The extensive use of ground water for water supply within Dane County has resulted in the need for an appraisal of the area's ground-water resources. Water-resources planners and other water-oriented groups have expressed concern over ground-water level declines and reductions in streamflow that are occurring as a result of heavy pumping. Digital-computer modeling techniques were used to estimate hydrologic changes in the aquifer system that would be caused by continued development. The system was modeled as a two-aquifer system consisting of a confined sandstone aquifer overlain by a leaky unconfined aquifer and underlain by impermeable bedrock. The physical properties of the aquifer system needed for the model were approximated using aquifer-test data and well-log data and by matching observed hydrologic changes in the system with corresponding changes computed by the model. Computed hydrologic changes do not represent a serious depletion of the available ground-water supply for the foreseeable future. Maximum added regional declines in ground-water levels (drawdowns) from 1970 to 1990 were computed to be approximately 10 feet (3 metres) in the unconfined aquifer and approximately 40 feet (12 metres) in the confined aquifer. It is computed that for the same period the average annual streamflow from the upper Yahara River basin would be reduced by approximately 29 cubic feet per second (0.82 cubic metre per second). These changes are computed based on estimated development trends for the confined sandstone aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey in cooperation with Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"McLeod, R., 1975, A digital-computer model for estimating hydrologic changes in the aquifer system in Dane County, Wisconsin: Information Circular 30, vii, 40 p.; ill.; maps.","productDescription":"vii, 40 p.; ill.; maps","startPage":"i","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265976,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org/pdfs/IC30.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.8394,42.8448 ], [ -89.8394,43.2943 ], [ -89.0084,43.2943 ], [ -89.0084,42.8448 ], [ -89.8394,42.8448 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50fa7d34e4b061045bf9aba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLeod, R.S.","contributorId":7283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042868,"text":"70042868 - 1975 - A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15832,"text":"ofr7512 - 1975 - A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","indexId":"ofr7512","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042868,"text":"70042868 - 1975 - A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","indexId":"70042868","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T21:23:44","indexId":"70042868","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho","docAbstract":"The Palisades Reservoir seems to be triggering earthquakes: epicenters are concentrated near the reservoir, and quakes are concentrated in spring, when the reservoir level is highest or is rising most rapidly, and in fall, when the level is lowest. Both spring and fall quakes appear to be triggered by minor local stresses superposed on regional tectonic stresses; faulting is postulated to occur when the effective normal stress across a fault is decreased by a local increase in pore-fluid pressure. The spring quakes tend to occur when the reservoir level suddenly rises: increased pore pressure pushes apart the walls of the graben flooded by the reservoir, thus decreasing the effective normal stress across faults in the graben. The fall quakes tend to occur when the reservoir level is lowest: water that gradually infiltrated poorly permeable (fault-gouge?) zones during high reservoir stands is then under anomalously high pressure, which decreases the effective normal stress across faults in the poorly permeable zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schleicher, D., 1975, A model for earthquakes near Palisades Reservoir, southeast Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 393-400.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"400","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266568,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Palisades Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,42.0 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,42.0 ], [ -117.24,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51050907e4b091226576e99e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleicher, David","contributorId":49350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039601,"text":"70039601 - 1975 - Land use information and air quality planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-15T01:02:00","indexId":"70039601","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:37:31","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":360,"text":"Final Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"Volume 7","title":"Land use information and air quality planning","docAbstract":"The pilot national land use information system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site project has provided an improved technique for estimating emissions, diffusion, and impact patterns of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter. Implementation of plans to control air quality requires land use information, which, until this time, has been inadequate. The pilot system, however, provided data for updating information on the sources of point and area emissions of SO2 and particulate matter affecting the Norfolk-Portsmouth area of Virginia for the 1971-72 winter (Dec.-Jan.-Feb.) and the annual 1972 period, and for a future annual period 1985. This emission information is used as input to the Air Quality Display Model of the Environmental Protection Agency to obtain diffusion and impact patterns for the three periods previously mentioned. The results are: (1) During the 1971-72 winter, estimated S02 amounts over an area with a SW-NE axis in the central section of Norfolk exceeded both primary and secondary levels; (2) future annual levels of SO2, estimated by anticipated residential development and point-source changes, are not expected to cause serious deterioration of the region's present air quality; and (3) for the 1971-72 winter and annual 1972 period the diffusion results showed that both primary and secondary standards for particulate matter are regularly exceeded in central Norfolk and Portsmouth. In addition, on the basis of current control programs, the 1985 levels of particulate matter are expected to exceed the presently established secondary air quality standards through central Norfolk and Portsmouth and in certain areas of Virginia Beach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039601","collaboration":"Sponsored jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reed, W.E., and Lewis, J., 1975, Land use information and air quality planning: Final Report Volume 7, iv, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039601.","productDescription":"iv, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":296,"text":"Geography Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Maryl;New Jersey;North Carolina;Pennsylvania;Virginia","city":"Norfolk;Portsmouth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,36 ], [ -78,38 ], [ -75,38 ], [ -75,36 ], [ -78,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4387e4b0c8380cd663e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Wallace E.","contributorId":30087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, John E.","contributorId":94150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70001262,"text":"70001262 - 1975 - Recent sedimentary history of Lake Monona, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T14:55:54.48551","indexId":"70001262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:32","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sedimentary history of Lake Monona, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Chemical analyses from two short cores in Lake Monona show that pronounced changes in chemical stratigraphy have occurred since white man moved into Madison and southern Wisconsin and began modifying the area. Since the mid to late 1800's, there has been an appreciable increase in P, Fe, Mn, Al, and K in the uppermost sediments. Maximum concentrations of P were observed near the turn of the century and in the most recent sediment layers.
The rate at which petroleum deposits were discovered during a 16-yr period (1957–72) was examined in relation to changes in a suite of economic and physical variables. The study area encompasses 11,000 mi2 and is located on the eastern flank of the Powder River Basin. A two-stage multiple-regression model was used as a basis for this analysis. The variables employed in this model were: (1) the yearly wildcat drilling rate, (2) a measure of the extent of the physical exhaustion of the resource base of the region, (3) a proxy for the discovery expectation of the exploration operators active in the region, (4) an exploration price/cost ratio, and (5) the expected depths of the exploration targets sought. The rate at which wildcat wells were drilled was strongly correlated with the discovery expectation of the exploration operators. Small additional variations in the wildcat drilling rate were explained by the price/cost ratio and target-depth variables. The number of deposits discovered each year was highly dependent on the wildcat drilling rate, but the aggregate quantity of petroleum discovered each year was independent of the wildcat drilling rate. The independence between these last two variables is a consequence of the cyclical behavior of the exploration play mechanism. Although the discovery success ratio declined sharply during the initial phases of the two exploration plays which developed in the study area, a learning effect occurred whereby the discovery success ratio improved steadily with the passage of time during both exploration plays.
Similar precursory phenomena have been observed before earthquakes in the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and China. Two quite different physical models are used to explain these phenomena. According to a model developed by US seismologists, the so-called dilatancy diffusion model, the earthquake occurs near maximum stress, following a period of dilatant crack expansion. Diffusion of water in and out of the dilatant volume is required to explain the recovery of seismic velocity before the earthquake. According to a model developed by Soviet scientists growth of cracks is also involved but diffusion of water in and out of the focal region is not required. With this model, the earthquake is assumed to occur during a period of falling stress and recovery of velocity here is due to crack closure as stress relaxes. In general, the dilatancy diffusion model gives a peaked precursor form, whereas the dry model gives a bay form, in which recovery is well under way before the earthquake. A number of field observations should help to distinguish between the two models: study of post-earthquake recovery, time variation of stress and pore pressure in the focal region, the occurrence of pre-existing faults, and any changes in direction of precursory phenomena during the anomalous period.
We have mapped a 3-km wide, high heat flow anomaly with a maximum value of 30 μcalorie cm −2 s−1 within a zone of seafloor extension in the central Gulf of California. From seismic reflection data and thermal modelling we suggest that the anomaly is caused by a 1-km wide basaltic intrusion which is roughly 100 m deep and less than 18,000 yr old.
Nine U-Th-Pb whole-rock analyses of selected brecciated materials from sample 72215 and one analysis of a pigeonite basalt clast from 72275 are presented. Both samples are from Boulder 1, Apollo 17. These data supplement previous Boulder 1 U-Th-Pb analyses of samples 72275 and 72255. U and Th concentrations indicate that most of the samples contain a moderate to large KREEP component. Samples containing the least KREEP are a noritic clast (72255,49; Civet Cat clast) and an anorthositic clast (72275,117). Evidence for the migration of Pb from Pb-rich matrix material into relatively Pb-poor clasts is presented for two clasts.
Most of the Boulder 1 data define a linear trend that intersects concordia at ∼ 3.9 and 4.4 b.y. when plotted on a U-Pb concordia diagram. The presence of one anorthositic clast distinctly off this trend indicates that a simple two-stage U-Pb evolution history is inadequate to explain all the data. Accordingly physical significance is only attached to the lower concordia intercept age of 3.9–4.0 b.y. The older concordia intercept age of ∼ 4.4 b.y. is interpreted to reflect an averaging of events both older and younger than 4.4 b.y.
The data suggest that significant differentiation and/or metamorphism occurred ∼ 4.2 b.y. ago. The age of this event, however, is not accurately defined by these data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00569676","issn":"00270903","usgsCitation":"Nunes, P., and Tatsumoto, M., 1975, U-Th-Pb systematics of selected samples from Apollo 17, Boulder 1, Station 2: The Moon, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569676.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"471","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00569676","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nunes, P.D.","contributorId":18487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nunes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70001224,"text":"70001224 - 1975 - The nature of surface tilt along 85 km of the San Andreas fault-preliminary results form a 14-instrument array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T12:47:19.689808","indexId":"70001224","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:31","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The nature of surface tilt along 85 km of the San Andreas fault-preliminary results form a 14-instrument array","docAbstract":"The continuous monitoring of surface deformation near active faults is clearly necessary for an understanding of elastic strain accumulation and elastic and anelastic strain release associated with earthquakes. Fourteen 2-component tiltmeters have been installed in shallow boreholes along 85 km of the currently most active section of the San Andreas fault in the western United States. These instruments operate at a sensitivity of 10−8 radians. Five of these tiltmeters, extending along one 35 km section of the fault, have been in operation since June 1973. The results indicate that regional tectonic tilting has occurred before more than ten individual earthquakes or groups of earthquakes with epicenters within ten earthquake source dimensions of one or more instruments. This tilting has a time scale of up to a month depending on earthquake magnitude. The amplitude of these tilts exceeds by almost an order of magnitude that expected from a dislocation model of the source using seismically determined parameters. No indication of rapid or accelerated tilt just prior to these earthquakes has been seen.
Lead isotopic analyses of a suite of basaltic rocks from the Juan de Fuca-Gorda Ridge and nearby seamounts confirm an isotopically heterogeneous mantle known since 1966. The process of mixing during partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle necessarily produces linear data arrays that can be interpreted as secondary isochrons. Moreover, the position of the entire lead isotope array, with respect to the geochron, requires that U/Pb and Th/Pb values are progressively increased over the age of the earth. Partial melting theory also dictates analogous behavior for the other incompatible trace elements. This process explains not only the LIL element character of MOR basalts, but also duplicates the spread of radiogenic lead data collected from alkali-rich oceanic basalts. This dynamic, open-system model of lead isotopic and chemical evolution of the mantle is believed to be the direct result of tectonic flow and convective overturn within the mantle and is compatible with geophysical models of a dynamic earth.
For the 1950-71 period of petroleum exploration in the Powder River Basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana, three specific topics were investigated. First, the wildcat wells drilled during the ambient phases of exploration are estimated to have discovered 2.80 times as much petroleum per well as the wildcat wells drilled during the cyclical phases of exploration, periods when exploration plays were active. Second, the hypothesis was tested and verified that during ambient phases of exploration the discovery of deposits could be anticipated by a small but statistically significant rise in the ambient drilling rate during the year prior to the year of discovery. Closer examination of the data suggests that this anticipation effect decreases through time. Third, a regression model utilizing the two independent variables of (1) the volume of petroleum contained in each deposit discovered in a cell and the directly adjacent cells and (2) the respective depths of these deposits was constructed to predict the expected yearly cyclical wildcat drilling rate in four 30 by 30 min (approximately 860 mi2) sized cells. In two of these cells relatively large volumes of petroleum were discovered, whereas in the other two cells smaller volumes were discovered. The predicted and actual rates of wildcat drilling which occurred in each cell agreed rather closely.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., 1975, Linkage effects between deposit discovery and postdiscovery exploratory drilling: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 169-179.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332f8e4b0cc79997f339a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164430,"text":"70164430 - 1975 - Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:07:18","indexId":"70164430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana","docAbstract":"Cylindrical joints are well displayed in two Precambrian mafic dikes that cut granitic gneiss in the central Beartooth Mountains, Mont. The dikes are vertical and about 23 m (75 ft) and 23 to 46 m (75-150 ft) thick, respectively. The cylindrical joints are perpendicular to the dike walls, and the cylinders defined by the joints are as much as 5 m (16 ft) in diameter. No petrographic, textural, or other features related to or possibly responsible for the joints are recognized. The dikes are chemically and petrographically similar to quartz dolerite dikes found throughout the Beartooth Mountains. Some of these dikes show typical polygonal columnar joints; a few others have cylindrical jointing, but in most dikes neither kind of jointing was observed. The orientation of the cylindrical joints normal to the walls of the dikes indicates that they probably formed by thermal contraction during post-crystallization cooling of the dikes and are thus genetically related to the much more common polygonal jointing. However, the model proposed to explain the cylindrical joints suggests that their origin is partly dependent on the geometric relation between the orientation of the dikes and that of the predike fracture pattern in the host rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T.J., and Simons, F.S., 1975, Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 213-221.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"221","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Beartooth Mountains, Mystic Mountain, Whitetail Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332eae4b0cc79997f3310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, Theodore J.","contributorId":31376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, Frank S.","contributorId":42203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164431,"text":"70164431 - 1975 - Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:15:44","indexId":"70164431","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"A gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle shows that a gravity low with about 10 milligals of closure coincides with the Henrys Lake basin. The low is interpreted to reflect a basin fill of 1,100 m or more of Cenozoic sediments and volcanic rock. The data indicate that on the east and probably on the west the basin is bounded by northwest- and north-trending faults, and near its waist by the east-trending Centennial fault. A model constructed across the Henrys Lake basin suggests a northwest-trending fault, located near the southeast corner of Henrys Lake and concealed beneath the basin fill. The sparse gravity data east of the Centennial Mountains are not sufficient to provide any evidence on the extension of the Centennial fault across the Henrys Lake basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., and Witkind, I.J., 1975, Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Henrys Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 44.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","edition":"223","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33320e4b0cc79997f3420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkind, Irving J.","contributorId":14469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010267,"text":"70010267 - 1975 - The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:59:15.010756","indexId":"70010267","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite","docAbstract":"This study of the Pikes Peak batholith includes the mineralogy and petrology of quartz syenite at West Creek and of fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free biotite granite near Mount Rosa; major element chemistry of the batholith; comparisons with similar postorogenic, intracratonic, sodic to potassic intrusives; and genesis of the batholith.
The batholith is elongate in plan, 50 by 100 km, composite, and generally subalkalic. It was emplaced at shallow depth 1,040 m. y. ago, sharply transects its walls and may have breached its roof. Biotite granite and biotite—hornblende granite are predominant; quartz syenite, fayalite granite and riebeckite granite are present in minor amounts.
Fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free quartz syenite, fayalite-biotite granite and riebeckite granite show a well-defined sodic differentiation trend; the less sodic fayalite-free granites exhibit a broader compositional range and no sharp trends.
Crystallization was largely at PH2O < Ptotal; PH2O approached Ptotal only at late stages. Aplite residual to fayalite-free biotite granite in the north formed at about 1,500 bars, or 5 km depth. Feldspar assemblages indicate late stages of crystallization at about 720°C. In the south ilmenite and manganian fayalite indicate fO2 of 10−17 or 10−18 bars. Biotite and fayalite compositions and the ‘granite minimum’ imply completion of crystallization at about 700°C and 1,500 bars. Nearby fayalite-free biotite granite crystallized at higher water fugacity.
All types of syenite and granite contain 5–6% K2O through a range of SiO2 of 63–76%. Average Na2O percentages in quartz syenite are 6.2, fayalite granite 4.2, and fayalite-free granite 3.3 MgO contents are low, 0.03–0.4%; FeO averages 1.9–2.5%. FeO/Fe2O3 ratios are high. Fluorine ranges from 0.3 to 0.6%.
The Pikes Peak intrusives are similar in mode of emplacement, composition, and probably genesis to rapakivi intrusives of Finland, the Younger Granites of Nigeria, Cape Ann Granite and Beverly Syenite, Mass., and syenite of Kungnat, Greenland, among others — allowing for different levels of erosion. A suite that includes gabbro or basalt, anorthosite, quartz syenite, fayalite granite, riebeckite granite, and biotite and/or hornblende granites is of worldwide occurrence.
A model is proposed in which mantle-derived, convecting alkali olivine basaltic magma first reacts with K2O-poor lower crust of granulite facies to produce magma of quartz syenitic composition. The syenitic liquid in turn reacts with granodioritic to granitic intermediate crust of amphibolite facies to produce the predominant fayalite-free biotite and biotite-hornblende granites of the batholith. This reaction of magma and roof involves both partial melting and the reconstitution and precipitation of refractory phases, as Bowen proposed. Intermediate liquids include MgO-depleted and Na2O-enriched gabbro, which precipitated anorthosite, and alkali diorite. The heat source is the basaltic magma; the heat required for partial melting of the roof is supplied largely by heats of crystallization of phases that settle out of the liquid — mostly olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(75)90001-7","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Wones, D.R., Sharp, W.N., and Desborough, G.A., 1975, The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite: Precambrian Research, v. 2, no. 2, p. 99-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(75)90001-7.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -105.040283203125,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -105.040283203125,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 37.4530574713902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba885e4b08c986b321cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wones, D. R.","contributorId":104079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, W. N.","contributorId":21958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97830,"text":"pp907B - 1975 - Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"pp907B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits","docAbstract":"Geochemical exploration is an important part of copper-resource evaluation. A large number of geochemical exploration techniques, both proved and untried, are available to the geochemist to use in the search for new copper deposits.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of whole-rock samples have been used in both regional and local geochemical exploration surveys in the search for copper. Analyses of mineral separates, such as biotite, magnetite, and sulfides, have also been used.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of soil samples are widely used in geochemical exploration, especially for localized surveys. It is important to distinguish between residual and transported soil types. Orientation studies should always be conducted prior to a geochemical investigation in a given area in order to determine the best soil horizon and the best size of soil material for sampling in that area. Silty frost boils, caliche, and desert varnish are specialized types of soil samples that might be useful sampling media.\r\n\r\nSoil gas is a new and potentially valuable geochemical sampling medium, especially in exploring for buried mineral deposits in arid regions. Gaseous products in samples of soil may be related to base-metal deposits and include mercury vapor, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxysulfide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, the noble gases, the halogens, and many hydrocarbon compounds.\r\n\r\nTransported materials that have been used in geochemical sampling programs include glacial float boulders, glacial till, esker gravels, stream sediments, stream-sediment concentrates, and lake sediments. Stream-sediment sampling is probably the most widely used and most successful geochemical exploration technique.\r\n\r\nHydrogeochemical exploration programs have utilized hot- and cold-spring waters and their precipitates as well as waters from lakes, streams, and wells. Organic gel found in lakes and at stream mouths is an unproved sampling medium. Suspended material and dissolved gases in any type of water may also be useful media. Samples of ice and snow have been used for limited geochemical surveys.\r\n\r\nBoth geobotanical and biogeochemical surveys have been successful in locating copper deposits in many parts of the world. Micro-organisms, including bacteria and algae, are other unproved media that should be studied.\r\n\r\nAnimals can be used in geochemical-prospecting programs. Dogs have been used quite successfully to sniff out hidden and exposed sulfide minerals. Tennite mounds are commonly composed of subsurface material, but have not as yet proved to be useful in locating buried mineral deposits. Animal tissue and waste products are essentially unproved but potentially valuable sampling media. Knowledge of the location of areas where trace-element-associated diseases in animals and man are endemic as well as a better understanding of these diseases, may aid in identifying regions that are enriched in or depleted of various elements, including copper.\r\n\r\nResults of analyses of gases in the atmosphere are proving valuable in mineral-exploration surveys. Studies involving metallic compounds exhaled by plants into the atmosphere, and of particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere are reviewed these methods may become important in the future.\r\n\r\nRemote-sensing techniques are useful for making indirect measurements of geochemical responses. Two techniques applicable to geochemical exploration are neutron-activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry. Aerial photography is especially useful in vegetation surveys. Radar imagery is an unproved but potentially valuable method for use in studies of vegetation in perpetually clouded regions.\r\n\r\nWith the advent of modern computers, many new techniques, such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, trend-surface analysis, and moving-average analysis can be applied to geochemical data sets. Selective use of these techniques can provide new insights into the interpretatio","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907B","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M.A., 1975, Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907B.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27794,"text":"wri757 - 1975 - Hydrologic evaluation of the Haystack Butte area : with emphasis on possible discharge of class-I wastes, Edwards Air Force Base, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T12:47:28","indexId":"wri757","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-7","title":"Hydrologic evaluation of the Haystack Butte area : with emphasis on possible discharge of class-I wastes, Edwards Air Force Base, California","docAbstract":"The discharge of 3 acre-feet (4 x 10-3 cubic hectometres) per year of Class-I wastes in the Haystack Butte area of Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., has been proposed by the Air Force. Evaporation in this arid basin exceeds the 4 inches (100 millimetres) of annual precipitation. Fifteen test holes, ranging in depth from 40 to 240 feet (12 to 73 metres) below land surface, indicate that ground water occurs mostly in Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks overlying pre-Tertiary quartz monzonite. Depth to water averages about 100 feet (30 metres) below land surface. Hydraulic conductivity of cores of Tertiary rock taken from a test hole at depths of 9 to 88 feet (2.7 to 27 metres) below land surface suggests values of 6.9 x 10-5 to 4.9 x 10-3 feet per day (2.1 x 10-5 to 1.5 x 10-3 metres per day). Petrographic analyses of these cores indicate a material consisting mostly of weathered volcanic rocks with a moderate concentration of montmorillonite clay.
The water-level gradient averages about 4 feet per mile (0.76 metre per kilometre). Ground-water discharge through a narrow gap in the southeastern part of the basin is calculated to be 3.8 x 10-4 acre-feet (4.7 x 10-7 cubic hectometres) per year. After leaving the basin, the underflow becomes part of a regional flow system discharging into Harper Lake playa.
An increase in the underflow from 3.8 x 10-4 acre-feet (4.7 x 10-7 cubic hectometres) per year to 3 acre-feet (4 x 10-3 cubic hectometres) per year may result in an undesirable surface-water flow by increasing the saturated thickness of the aquifer near the narrow gap in the southeastern part of the basin. Also, the very low hydraulic-conductivity values suggest that some difficulties may exist in percolating 3 acre-feet (4 x 10-3 cubic hectometres) per year of wastes resulting in possible saturation of the ground surface outside the boundaries of the potential Class-I site. Because the rate of evaporation is very high (116 inches or 294.6 millimetres per year) in the study area, many of the problems associated with the percolation of the waste water and the subsequent changes in ground-water movement could be minimized by evaporating the wastes to complete dryness.
The quality of the ground water in the basin is generally unsuitable for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes. The concentration and type of chemical constituents in the ground water suggest slow circulation in a geologic environment with soluble minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri757","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.L., 1975, Hydrologic evaluation of the Haystack Butte area : with emphasis on possible discharge of class-I wastes, Edwards Air Force Base, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 75-7, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri757.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358950,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base, Haystack Butte area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.63473510742186,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -117.49740600585936,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -117.49740600585936,\n 34.96474810049312\n ],\n [\n -117.63473510742186,\n 34.96474810049312\n ],\n [\n -117.63473510742186,\n 34.82282272723702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606db9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Jerry L.","contributorId":19944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16491,"text":"ofr75176 - 1975 - Analyses of selected constituents in native water and soil in the Bayou Boeuf-Chene-Black area near Morgan City, Louisiana, including a modified standard elutriate test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:05","indexId":"ofr75176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-176","title":"Analyses of selected constituents in native water and soil in the Bayou Boeuf-Chene-Black area near Morgan City, Louisiana, including a modified standard elutriate test","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr75176","usgsCitation":"Wells, F.C., and Gogel, A.J., 1975, Analyses of selected constituents in native water and soil in the Bayou Boeuf-Chene-Black area near Morgan City, Louisiana, including a modified standard elutriate test: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-176, 23 p. :map ;27 cm.; (36 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75176.","productDescription":"23 p. :map ;27 cm.; (36 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Frank C.","contributorId":80664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gogel, Anthony J.","contributorId":7276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogel","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14460,"text":"ofr75535 - 1975 - Analog-model analysis of hydrological effects of sewage in Southeast Nassau and Southwest Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr75535","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-535","title":"Analog-model analysis of hydrological effects of sewage in Southeast Nassau and Southwest Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr75535","usgsCitation":"Kimmel, G.E., and Harbaugh, A.W., 1975, Analog-model analysis of hydrological effects of sewage in Southeast Nassau and Southwest Suffolk counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-535, 22 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (19 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75535.","productDescription":"22 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (19 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimmel, Grant E.","contributorId":20741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmel","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15597,"text":"ofr7526 - 1975 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15597,"text":"ofr7526 - 1975 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr7526","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2576,"text":"wsp1798N - 1976 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"wsp1798N","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2576,"text":"wsp1798N - 1976 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"wsp1798N","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-15T18:33:15.221882","indexId":"ofr7526","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-26","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, stream chemical, and sediment discharge data were collected from Bixler Run near Loysville, Pa., during the period February 1954 to September 1969, as part of a project to evaluate sediment discharge from an agricultural area that had been adopting soil-conservation techniques at a moderate rate. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, State Conservation Commission.
Sediment yields from the basin averaged 64 tons per square mile (22.4 tonnes per square kilometre) per year, approximately 25 percent less than yields from the surrounding area. The relation between water discharge and suspended-sediment discharge remained constant during the study. Suspended-sediment concentrations in the streamflow were less than 10 milligrams per litre 70 percent of the time. The concentration of chloride ions in the streamflow increased from the period 1959 to 1969. Ground water maintained flows at the gaging location at a rate of 1.9 cubic feet per second (0.054 cubic metres per second) during the period of data collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7526","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, State Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Reed, L.A., 1975, Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-26, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7526.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.39208234202778,\n 40.42947022222407\n ],\n [\n -77.39208234202778,\n 40.36345704450565\n ],\n [\n -77.27934478068183,\n 40.36345704450565\n ],\n [\n -77.27934478068183,\n 40.42947022222407\n ],\n [\n -77.39208234202778,\n 40.42947022222407\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15599,"text":"ofr75482 - 1975 - Water availability in Perry County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T08:18:51","indexId":"ofr75482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-482","title":"Water availability in Perry County, Alabama","docAbstract":"The principal sources of large quantities of ground water in Perry County are sand and gravel aquifers in the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw Formations of the Upper Cretaceous Series. Upper Cretaceous deposits, which dip to the southwest at about 35 feet per mile, range in thickness (d from about 400 feet in the northern part of the county to about 2,300 feet in the southernmost part. Most wells tapping Upper Cretaceous deposits range in depth from 20 to 950 feet; the deposits are potential sources of water to depths of 2,000 feet. Yields of wells that tap individual aquifers in the Upper Cretaceous Series range from about 0.5 to 2 mgd (million gallons per day). Water levels in wells tapping the Upper Cretaceous deposits range from 40 feet above land surface in low areas along the streams to 245 feet below land surface in upland areas.
Beds of sand and gravel in the alluvial deposits underlying the major stream valleys and terraces along these valleys are sources of water to wells. Where these beds are hydraulically connected to streams, they potentially will yield large supplies of water to wells.
Annual rainfall averages about 55 inches and the average rate of runoff per square mile is about 0.8 mgd. The Cahaba River and Oakmulgee Creek are the largest sources of surface water in the county. The Cahaba River at Sprott has an average flow of about 1,300 mgd and a 7-day low flow (7-day Q2) of 200 mgd. Cakmulgee Creek near Perryville has an average flow of about 140 mgd and a 7-day Q2 of about 15 mgd. the total average flow of all streams in the county is about 1,300 mgd.
Water from aquifers and streams in Perry County is chemically suitable for most uses. Water from wells ranges from soft to moderately hard but locally is hard and has an iron content that exceeds 0. 3 mg/l (milligrams per liter). Water from streams has a low mineral content and is generally soft.
Water use in Perry County in 1968 was about 4 mgd which was less than 1 percent of the available quantity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75482","usgsCitation":"Reed, P.C., Willmon, J., and Jefferson, P.O., 1975, Water availability in Perry County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-482, Report: 24 p.; 6 Tables; 6 Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75482.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 6 Tables; 6 Figures","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":373107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373108,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373109,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373110,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373111,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373112,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/figure-5.pdf","text":"Figure 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373113,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/figure-6.pdf","text":"Figure 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373115,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/table-2.pdf","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373116,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/table-3.pdf","text":"Table 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373117,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/table-4.pdf","text":"Table 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373118,"rank":13,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/table-5.pdf","text":"Table 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373119,"rank":14,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/table-6.pdf","text":"Table 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":373114,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0482/table-1.pdf","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Perry County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5225830078125,\n 32.30396492107457\n ],\n [\n -87.02407836914062,\n 32.30396492107457\n ],\n [\n -87.02407836914062,\n 32.85824840550089\n ],\n [\n -87.5225830078125,\n 32.85824840550089\n ],\n [\n -87.5225830078125,\n 32.30396492107457\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa2ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Philip C.","contributorId":29439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willmon, J.R.","contributorId":102894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willmon","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jefferson, Patrick O.","contributorId":27455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jefferson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1068,"text":"wsp1827F - 1975 - Reactions of aqueous aluminum species at mineral surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1827F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1827","chapter":"F","title":"Reactions of aqueous aluminum species at mineral surfaces","docAbstract":"Aqueous aluminum solutions containing 4.5 ? 10 4 molar aluminum in 0.01 molar NaC104 were partly neutralized with NaOH to give OH:A1 mole ratios from 1.40 to 2.76. \r\n\r\nMeasured amounts of montmorillonite, kaolinite, volcanic ash, or feldspathic sand were added to provide an area of inert surface. Reactions that occurred during 100 days of aging were compared with those in similar solutions without added surfaces, studied in earlier work. \r\n\r\nAdsorption of monomeric species Al(H20)6+3, AlOH(H2O)5+2, and Al(OH)2(H2O 4? on the added surfaces follows a cation exchange mass law equilibrium model, and adsorption is essentially complete in 1 hour. Only minor changes in monomeric aluminum species occurred after that. \r\n\r\nRapid adsorption of polynuclear aluminum hydroxide species also occurs and follows the pattern of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In the absence of surfaces, the polynuclear ions slowly increase in size and become microcrystalline gibbsite during aging. Electron micrographs showed microcrystalline gibbsite was present or surfaces after aging only 2 days. However, the analytical data suggest this material must have been adsorbed after it had already attained a near-crystalline state. Adsorbed polynuclear aluminum hydroxide species were not extensively converted to microcrystalline gibbsite during 100 days of aging.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1827F","usgsCitation":"Brown, D.W., and Hem, J.D., 1975, Reactions of aqueous aluminum species at mineral surfaces: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1827, iv, 48 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1827F.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1827f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25748,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1827f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, David Wayne","contributorId":77124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39596,"text":"pp917 - 1975 - A numerical model of material transport in salt-wedge estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:18","indexId":"pp917","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"917","title":"A numerical model of material transport in salt-wedge estuaries","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp917","usgsCitation":"Fischer, H.B., Stoner, J., Haushild, W., and McConnell, J.B., 1975, A numerical model of material transport in salt-wedge estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 917, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp917.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0917/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0917/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Hugo B.","contributorId":36542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haushild, W.L.","contributorId":48953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haushild","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McConnell, J. B.","contributorId":25577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}