{"pageNumber":"1598","pageRowStart":"39925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184563,"records":[{"id":70040797,"text":"sir20125214 - 2012 - Water-quality assessment and macroinvertebrate data for the Upper Yampa River watershed, Colorado, 1975 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T18:35:23","indexId":"sir20125214","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5214","title":"Water-quality assessment and macroinvertebrate data for the Upper Yampa River watershed, Colorado, 1975 through 2009","docAbstract":"A study was initiated in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Routt County, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the City of Steamboat Springs, to compile and analyze historic water-quality data and assess water-quality conditions in the Upper Yampa River watershed (UYRW) in northwestern Colorado. Water-quality data for samples collected by federal, state, and local agencies for various periods from 1975 through 2009 were compiled and assessed for streams, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater in the UYRW, including the Elkhead Creek subwatershed and the Yampa River watershed that is upstream from Elkhead Creek. For selected physical-property and chemical-constituent data for samples collected from surface-water sites and groundwater wells in the UYRW, this report: (1) characterizes available data through statistical summaries, (2) analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of water-quality conditions, (3) identifies temporal trends in water quality, where possible, (4) provides comparisons to federal and state water-quality standards and recommendations, and (5) identifies factors affecting the quality of water. In addition, the availability and characteristics of macroinvertebrate data collected in the UYRW are described.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Routt County, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the City of Steamboat Springs","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., Moore, J.L., Schaffrath, K.R., and Dupree, J.A., 2012, Water-quality assessment and macroinvertebrate data for the Upper Yampa River watershed, Colorado, 1975 through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5214, vii, 129 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125214.","productDescription":"vii, 129 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"140","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5214.gif"},{"id":263251,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5214/"},{"id":263252,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5214/sir2012-5214.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,39.8 ], [ -107.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -106.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -106.5,39.8 ], [ -107.5,39.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a7608be4b0e93eb366ee56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Jennifer L.","contributorId":68447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043929,"text":"70043929 - 2012 - An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T11:02:04","indexId":"70043929","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data","docAbstract":"A common goal in ecology and wildlife management is to determine the causes of variation in population dynamics over long periods of time and across large spatial scales. Many assumptions must nevertheless be overcome to make appropriate inference about spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, such as autocorrelation among data points, excess zeros, and observation error in count data. To address these issues, many scientists and statisticians have recommended the use of Bayesian hierarchical models. Unfortunately, hierarchical statistical models remain somewhat difficult to use because of the necessary quantitative background needed to implement them, or because of the computational demands of using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate parameters. Fortunately, new tools have recently been developed that make it more feasible for wildlife biologists to fit sophisticated hierarchical Bayesian models (i.e., Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, ‘INLA’). We present a case study using two important game species in North America, the lesser and greater scaup, to demonstrate how INLA can be used to estimate the parameters in a hierarchical model that decouples observation error from process variation, and accounts for unknown sources of excess zeros as well as spatial and temporal dependence in the data. Ultimately, our goal was to make unbiased inference about spatial variation in population trends over time.","largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0049395","usgsCitation":"Ross, B., Hooten, M.B., and Koons, D.N., 2012, An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-037978","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f30ae4b04edf7e93f841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Beth E.","contributorId":56124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Melvin B.","contributorId":45978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040764,"text":"pp1793 - 2012 - Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T08:47:02","indexId":"pp1793","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1793","title":"Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"The Late Cretaceous Boulder batholith in southwest Montana consists of the Butte Granite and a group of associated smaller intrusions emplaced into Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and into the Late Cretaceous Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics. The Boulder batholith is dominated by the voluminous Butte Granite, which is surrounded by as many as a dozen individually named, peripheral intrusions. These granodiorite, monzogranite, and minor syenogranite intrusions contain varying abundances of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, rare clinopyroxene, and opaque oxide minerals. Mafic, intermediate, and felsic subsets of the Boulder batholith intrusions are defined principally on the basis of color index. Most Boulder batholith plutons have inequigranular to seriate textures although several are porphyritic and some are granophyric (and locally miarolitic). Most of these plutons are medium grained but several of the more felsic and granophyric intrusions are fine grained. Petrographic characteristics, especially relative abundances of constituent minerals, are distinctive and foster reasonably unambiguous identification of individual intrusions. Seventeen samples from plutons of the Boulder batholith were dated by SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe) zircon U-Pb geochronology. Three samples of the Butte Granite show that this large pluton may be composite, having formed during two episodes of magmatism at about 76.7 ± 0.5 Ma (2 samples) and 74.7 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma) (1 sample). However, petrographic and chemical data are inconsistent with the Butte Granite consisting of separate, compositionally distinct intrusions. Accordingly, solidification of magma represented by the Butte Granite appears to have spanned about 2 million year (m.y.). The remaining Boulder batholith plutons were emplaced during a 6-10 m.y. span (81.7 ± 1.4 Ma to 73.7 ± 0.6 Ma). The compositional characteristics of these plutons are similar to those of moderately differentiated subduction-related magmas. The plutons form relatively coherent, distinct but broadly overlapping major oxide composition clusters or linear arrays on geochemical variation diagrams. Rock compositions are subalkaline, magnesian, calc-alkalic to calcic, and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. The Butte Granite intrusion is homogeneous with respect to major oxide abundances. Each of the plutons is also characterized by distinct trace element abundances although absolute trace element abundance variations are relatively minor. Limited Sr and Nd isotope data for whole-rock samples of the Boulder batholith are more radiogenic than those for plutonic rocks of western Idaho, eastern Oregon, the Salmon River suture, and most of the Big Belt Mountains. Initial strontium (Sri) values are low and epsilon neodymium (εNd) values are comparable relative to those of other southwest Montana basement and Mesozoic intrusive rocks. Importantly, although the Boulder batholith hosts significant mineral deposits, including the world-class Butte Cu-Ag deposit, ore metal abundances in the Butte Granite, as well as in its peripheral plutons, are not elevated but are comparable to global average abundances in igneous rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1793","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Lund, K., 2012, Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1793, Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1793.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1793.gif"},{"id":263204,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/"},{"id":263205,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/PP1793.pdf"},{"id":263206,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/Appendix_1.xls"}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.75,45.75 ], [ -112.75,46.75 ], [ -111.5,46.75 ], [ -111.5,45.75 ], [ -112.75,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76087e4b0e93eb366ee52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040766,"text":"sir20125166 - 2012 - Ambient and potential denitrification rates in marsh soils of Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T23:09:40.485205","indexId":"sir20125166","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5166","title":"Ambient and potential denitrification rates in marsh soils of Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment from atmospheric deposition, agricultural activities, wildlife, and domestic sources is a concern at Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island, Maine, because of the potential problems of degradation of water quality and eutrophication in estuaries. Degradation of water quality has been observed at Bass Harbor Marsh estuary in the park but only minimally in Northeast Creek estuary. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have estimated nutrient inputs to estuaries from atmospheric deposition and surface-water runoff, and have identified shallow groundwater as an additional potential source of nutrients. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have assumed that a certain fraction of the nitrogen input was removed through microbial denitrification, but rates of denitrification (natural or maximum potential) in marsh soils have not been determined. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Acadia National Park, measured in-place denitrification rates in marsh soils in Northeast Creek and in Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds during summer 2008 and summer 2009. Denitrification was measured under ambient conditions as well as after additions of inorganic nitrogen and glucose. In-place denitrification rates under ambient conditions were similar to those reported for other coastal wetlands, although they were generally lower than those reported for salt marshes having high ambient concentrations of nitrate (NO3). Denitrification rates generally increased by at least an order of magnitude following NO3 additions, with or without glucose (as the carbohydrate) additions, compared with the ambient treatments that received no nutrient additions. The treatment that added both glucose and NO3 resulted in a variety of denitrification responses when compared with the addition of NO3 alone. In most cases, the addition of glucose to a given rate of NO3 addition resulted in higher rates of denitrification. These variable responses indicate that the amount of labile carbohydrates can limit denitrification even if NO3 is present. For most sites in both watersheds, the maximum denitrification rates ranged from of 150 to 900 micromoles of nitrous oxide per square meter per hour. These rates were equivalent to the release of 37 to 221 grams of nitrogen per square meter per year. Weak positive correlations were observed for soil temperature and for measured ammonium concentration in groundwater. Weak negative correlations were observed between denitrification rate and water level and specific conductance. The rates of denitrification in Bass Harbor Marsh and Northeast Creek under ambient conditions, both of which were relatively low, indicate that NO3 availability is low in both systems. It is evident from the addition of combined treatments of NO3 and glucose that these marsh soils are capable of comparatively high rates of denitrification, therefore, estuarine eutrophication is not a result of nitrogen inputs to marsh soils that are in excess of the denitrification capacity in these systems. If terrestrial inputs to the estuary are the cause of the observed eutrophic condition in Bass Harbor Marsh, then these inputs to the estuary must bypass the marsh in channelized surface flow, or perhaps they circumvent the marsh in shallow groundwater seepage along subsurface pathways that enter the estuary directly.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Culbertson, C.W., and Duff, J.H., 2012, Ambient and potential denitrification rates in marsh soils of Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5166, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125166.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5166.gif"},{"id":263213,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5166/"},{"id":263214,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5166/pdf/sir2012-5166_report_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Bass Harbor Marsh, Mount Desert Island, Northeast Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.0130826839989,\n 46.780364778073675\n ],\n [\n -71.0130826839989,\n 43.91367232459547\n ],\n [\n -67.19938942562158,\n 43.91367232459547\n ],\n [\n -67.19938942562158,\n 46.780364778073675\n ],\n [\n -71.0130826839989,\n 46.780364778073675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76067e4b0e93eb366ee3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040765,"text":"ofr20121232 - 2012 - Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:40:40","indexId":"ofr20121232","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1232","title":"Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"New geochronologic and thermochronologic data from rocks near Hatcher Pass, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, record earliest Paleocene erosional and structural exhumation on the flank of the active Cook Inlet forearc basin. Cretaceous plutons shed sediments to the south, forming the Paleocene Arkose Ridge Formation. A Paleocene(?)-Eocene detachment fault juxtaposed ~60 Ma metamorphic rocks with the base of the Arkose Ridge Formation. U-Pb (analyzed by Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP-RG)) zircon ages of the Cretaceous plutons, more diverse than previously documented, are 90.3±0.3 (previously considered a Jurassic unit), 79.1±1.0, 76.1±0.9, 75.8±0.7, 72.5±0.4, 71.9±0.3, 70.5±0.2, and 67.3±0.2 Ma. The cooling of these plutons occurred between 72 and 66 Ma (zircon fission track (FT) closure ~225°C). 40Ar/39Ar analyses of hornblende, white mica, and biotite fall into this range (Harlan and others, 2003). New apatite FT data collected on a west-to-east transect reveal sequential exhumation of fault blocks at 62.8±2.9, 54±2.5, 52.6±2.8, and 44.4±2.2 Ma. Plutonic clasts accumulated in the Paleocene Arkose Ridge Formation to the south. Detrital zircon (DZ) ages from the formation reflect this provenance: a new sample yielded one grain at 61 Ma, a dominant peak at 76 Ma, and minor peaks at 70, 80, 88, and 92 Ma. The oldest zircon is 181 Ma. Our apatite FT ages range from 35.1 to 50.9 Ma. Greenschist facies rocks now sit structurally between the plutonic rocks and the Arkose Ridge Formation. They are separated from plutonic rocks by the vertical Hatcher Pass fault and from the sedimentary rocks by a detachment fault. Ar cooling ages (Harlan and others, 2003) and new zircon FT ages for these rocks are concordant at 61-57 Ma, synchronous with deposition of the Arkose Ridge Formation. A cooling age of ~46 Ma came from one apatite FT sample. The metamorphic protolith (previously considered Jurassic) was deposited at or after 75 Ma based on new DZ data. The probability curve has a major peak from 76 to 102 Ma, minor peaks at 186, 197, 213, 303, 346, and 1,828, and two discordant grains at ~2,700 Ma. This is similar to DZ populations in the Valdez Group. The short period of time between deposition, metamorphism, and exhumation are consistent with metamorphism in a subduction-zone setting. 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The US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) has recently adopted standards for biological core variables in collaboration with the US Geological Survey/Ocean Biogeographic Information System (USGS/OBIS-USA) and other federal and non-federal partners. In this Community White Paper (CWP) we provide a process to bring into IOOS a rich new source of biological observing data, visual line transect surveys, and to establish quality data standards for visual line transect observations, an important source of at-sea bird, turtle and marine mammal observation data. The processes developed through this exercise will be useful for other similar biogeographic observing efforts, such as passive acoustic point and line transect observations, tagged animal data, and mark-recapture (photo-identification) methods. Furthermore, we suggest that the processes developed through this exercise will serve as a catalyst for broadening involvement by the larger marine biological data community within the goals and processes of IOOS.

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Previously published information from a hydrogeologic framework, a potentiometric-surface map, and groundwater budgets was compared to a surficial heat-flow map. Comparisons between regional groundwater flow patterns and surficial heat flow indicate a strong spatial relation between regional groundwater movement and surficial heat distribution. Combining aquifer geometry and heat-flow maps, a selected group of subareas within the eastern Great Basin are identified that have high surficial heat flow and are underlain by a sequence of thick basin-fill deposits and permeable carbonate aquifers. 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The geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region of Tennessee and North Carolina was studied from 1993 to 2003 as part of a cooperative investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey with the National Park Service (NPS). This work resulted in a 1:100,000-scale geologic map derived from mapping that was conducted at scales of 1:24,000 and 1:62,500. The geologic data are intended to support cooperative investigations with the NPS, the development of a new soil map by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. In response to a request by the NPS, we mapped previously unstudied areas, revised the geology where problems existed, and developed a map database for use in interdisciplinary research, land management, and interpretive programs for park visitors.

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2012 - Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:50:19","indexId":"70040743","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover","docAbstract":"The Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens feeds on benthic invertebrates on the continental shelf of the Chukchi and Bering Seas and rests on sea ice between foraging trips. With climate warming, ice-free periods in the Chukchi Sea have increased and are projected to increase further in frequency and duration. We radio-tracked walruses to estimate areas of walrus foraging and occupancy in the Chukchi Sea from June to November of 2008 to 2011, years when sea ice was sparse over the continental shelf in comparison to historical records. The earlier and more extensive sea ice retreat in June to September, and delayed freeze-up of sea ice in October to November, created conditions for walruses to arrive earlier and stay later in the Chukchi Sea than in the past. The lack of sea ice over the continental shelf from September to October caused walruses to forage in nearshore areas instead of offshore areas as in the past. Walruses did not frequent the deep waters of the Arctic Basin when sea ice retreated off the shelf. Walruses foraged in most areas they occupied, and areas of concentrated foraging generally corresponded to regions of high benthic biomass, such as in the northeastern (Hanna Shoal) and southwestern Chukchi Sea. A notable exception was the occurrence of concentrated foraging in a nearshore area of northwestern Alaska that is apparently depauperate in walrus prey. With increasing sea ice loss, it is likely that walruses will increase their use of coastal haul-outs and nearshore foraging areas, with consequences to the population that are yet to be understood.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps10057","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., Fischbach, A.S., and Kochnev, A., 2012, Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 468, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10057.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C24TC3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover"},{"id":438805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X928C3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Supporting Walrus Areas of Use in the Chukchi Sea During Sparse Sea Ice Cover"},{"id":263178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263177,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10057"}],"country":"Russia;United States","state":"Alaska;Chukotka","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 170.0,62.0 ], [ 170.0,74.0 ], [ -150.0,74.0 ], [ -150.0,62.0 ], [ 170.0,62.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"468","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a60f00e4b0d446a665c9bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochnev, Anatoly A.","contributorId":18634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochnev","given":"Anatoly A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040733,"text":"cir1378 - 2012 - Strategies for managing the effects of urban development on streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:31:21","indexId":"cir1378","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1378","title":"Strategies for managing the effects of urban development on streams","docAbstract":"Urban development remains an important agent of environmental change in the United States. The U.S. population grew by 17 percent from 1982 to 1997, while urbanized land area grew by 47 percent, suggesting that urban land consumption far outpaced population growth (Fulton and others, 2001; Sierra Club, 2003; American Farmland Trust, 2009). Eighty percent of Americans now live in metropolitan areas. Each American effectively occupies about 20 percent more developed land (for housing, schools, shopping, roads, and other related services) than 20 years ago (Markham and Steinzor, 2006). Passel and Cohn (2008) predict a dramatic 48 percent increase in the population of the United States from 2005 to 2050. The advantages and challenges of living in these developed areas—convenience, congestion, employment, pollution—are part of the day-to-day realities of most Americans. Nowhere are the environmental changes associated with urban development more evident than in urban streams. The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program investigation of the effects of urban development on stream ecosystems (EUSE) during 1999–2004 provides the most spatially comprehensive analysis of stream impacts of urban development that has been completed in the United States. A nationally consistent study design was used in nine metropolitan areas of the United States—Portland, Oregon; Salt Lake City, Utah; Birmingham, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Denver, Colorado; Dallas, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A summary report published as part of the EUSE study describes several of these impacts on urban streams (Coles and others, 2012).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1378","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Cappiella, K., Stack, W.P., Fraley-McNeal, L., Lane, C., and McMahon, G., 2012, Strategies for managing the effects of urban development on streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1378, vi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1378.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"80","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1378.jpg"},{"id":263157,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1378/"},{"id":263158,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1378/pdf/Circular1378.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Colorado;Georgia;Massachusetts;North Carolina;Oregon;Texas;Utah;Wisconsin","city":"Atlanta;Birmingham;Boston;Dallas;Denver;Milwaukee;Portland;Raleigh;Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd8ae4b0fd76c78323d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappiella, Karen","contributorId":83595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappiella","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stack, William P.","contributorId":25417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stack","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fraley-McNeal, Lisa","contributorId":96968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraley-McNeal","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, Cecilia","contributorId":53664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Cecilia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040730,"text":"fs20123071 - 2012 - Urban development results in stressors that degrade stream ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:31:49","indexId":"fs20123071","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3071","title":"Urban development results in stressors that degrade stream ecosystems","docAbstract":"In 2003, eighty-three percent of Americans lived in metropolitan areas, and considerable population increases are predicted within the next 50 years. Nowhere are the environmental changes associated with urban development more evident than in urban streams. Contaminants, habitat destruction, and increasing streamflow flashiness resulting from urban development have been associated with the disruption of biological communities, particularly the loss of sensitive aquatic biota. Every stream is connected downstream to other water bodies, and inputs of contaminants and (or) sediments to streams can cause degradation downstream with adverse effects on biological communities and on economically valuable resources, such as fisheries and tourism. Understanding how algal, invertebrate, and fish communities respond to physical and chemical stressors associated with urban development can provide important clues on how multiple stressors may be managed to protect stream health as a watershed becomes increasingly urbanized. This fact sheet highlights selected findings of a comprehensive assessment by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123071","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bell, A.H., Coles, J.F., McMahon, G., and Woodside, M., 2012, Urban development results in stressors that degrade stream ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3071, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123071.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3071.jpg"},{"id":263151,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3071/"},{"id":263152,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3071/pdf/2012-3071.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd95e4b0fd76c78323dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coles, James F. 0000-0002-1953-012X jcoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-012X","contributorId":2239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","email":"jcoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodside, Michael D. mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Michael D.","email":"mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040731,"text":"gip143 - 2012 - Stream ecosystems change with urban development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:31:36","indexId":"gip143","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"143","title":"Stream ecosystems change with urban development","docAbstract":"The healthy condition of the physical living space in a natural stream—defined by unaltered hydrology (streamflow), high diversity of habitat features, and natural water chemistry—supports diverse biological communities with aquatic species that are sensitive to disturbances.\n\nIn a highly degraded urban stream, the poor condition of the physical living space—streambank and tree root damage from altered hydrology, low diversity of habitat, and inputs of chemical contaminants—contributes to biological communities with low diversity and high tolerance to disturbance.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip143","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bell, A.H., James, F.C., and McMahon, G., 2012, Stream ecosystems change with urban development: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 143, 1 p.: 17 x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip143.","productDescription":"1 p.: 17 x 11 inches","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_143.jpg"},{"id":263148,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/143/"},{"id":263149,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/143/pdf/GIP143.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd8fe4b0fd76c78323d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, F. Coles","contributorId":58154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Coles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040726,"text":"ds725 - 2012 - Micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data at the Amargosa Desert Research site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2006-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T12:53:07","indexId":"ds725","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"725","title":"Micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data at the Amargosa Desert Research site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2006-11","docAbstract":"This report describes micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data collected since 2006 at the Amargosa Desert Research Site adjacent to a low-level radio-active waste and hazardous chemical waste facility near Beatty, Nevada. Micrometeorological data include precipitation, solar radiation, net radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, saturated and ambient vapor pressure, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, near-surface soil temperature, soil-heat flux, and soil-water content. Evapotranspiration (ET) data include latent-heat flux, sensible-heat flux, net radiation, soil-heat flux, soil temperature, air temperature, vapor pressure, and other principal energy-budget data. Soil-moisture data include periodic measurements of volumetric water-content at experimental sites that represent vegetated native soil, devegetated native soil, and simulated waste disposal trenches - maximum measurement depths range from 5.25 to 29.25 meters. All data are compiled in electronic spreadsheets that are included with this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds725","usgsCitation":"Arthur, J.M., Johnson, M.J., Mayers, C.J., and Andraski, B.J., 2012, Micrometeorological, evapotranspiration, and soil-moisture data at the Amargosa Desert Research site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2006–11: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 725, 12 p.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Appendixes: A-G","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/appendixUpdates.txt","text":"Appendix updates","description":"DS 725 Appendix Updates"},{"id":354734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/pdf/ds725.pdf","text":"Report","size":"566 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 725"},{"id":354736,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"17 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix A"},{"id":354737,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixb.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"395 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix B"},{"id":354738,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"8.9 MB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix C"},{"id":354739,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixd.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"170 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix D"},{"id":354740,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixe.xlsx","text":"Appendix E","size":"27.6 MB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix E"},{"id":354741,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixf.xlsx","text":"Appendix F","size":"79 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix F"},{"id":354742,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/725/data/ds725_appendixg.xlsx","text":"Appendix G","size":"142 KB xlsx","description":"DS 725 Appendix G"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,36.5 ], [ -117.0,37.0 ], [ -116.5,37.0 ], [ -116.5,36.5 ], [ -117.0,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: November 2012; Version 1.1: March 2015; Version 1.2: June 2018","contact":"

Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, Nevada 89701

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2012-11-13","revisedDate":"2018-06-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd7ce4b0fd76c78323c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Jonathan M.","contributorId":85844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":94745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044973,"text":"70044973 - 2012 - Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T12:00:46","indexId":"70044973","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"The continuous slope-area (CSA) method is an innovative gaging method for indirect computation of complete-event discharge hydrographs that can be applied when direct measurement methods are unsafe, impractical, or impossible to apply. This paper reports on use of the method to produce event-specific discharge hydrographs in a network of sand-bedded ephemeral stream channels in southeast Arizona, USA, for water year 2008. The method provided satisfactory discharge estimates for flows that span channel banks, and for moderate to large flows, with about 10–16% uncertainty, respectively for total flow volume and peak flow, as compared to results obtained with an alternate method. Our results also suggest that the CSA method may be useful for estimating runoff of small flows, and during recessions, but with increased uncertainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022","usgsCitation":"Stewart, A.M., Callegary, J.B., Smith, C.F., Gupta, H.V., Leenhouts, J.M., and Fritzinger, R.A., 2012, Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 472-473, p. 148-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-019852","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272899,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.2,3.0175 ], [ -110.2,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -10.15,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -10.15,3.0175 ], [ -110.2,3.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"472-473","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1f0e4b0605bc571f025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher F. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cfsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":1338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cfsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gupta, Hoshin V.","contributorId":7597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"Hoshin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leenhouts, James M. 0000-0001-5171-9240 leenhout@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-9240","contributorId":225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenhouts","given":"James","email":"leenhout@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fritzinger, Robert A.","contributorId":78229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritzinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040717,"text":"70040717 - 2012 - Salinity of the Little Colorado River in Grand Canyon confers anti-parasitic properties on a native fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T19:07:48.575073","indexId":"70040717","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity of the Little Colorado River in Grand Canyon confers anti-parasitic properties on a native fish","docAbstract":"Water in the Little Colorado River within Grand Canyon is naturally high in salt (NaCl), which is known to prohibit development of external fish parasites such as Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis). The naturally high salinity (>0.3%) of the Little Colorado River at baseflow may be one factor allowing survival and persistence of larval and juvenile humpback chub (Gila cypha) and other native fishes in Grand Canyon. We compared salinity readings from the Little Colorado River to those reported in the literature as being effective at removing protozoan parasites from fish. In laboratory tests, 10 juvenile roundtail chub (Gila robusta; 61–90 mm TL) were randomly placed into each of 12, 37-L aquaria filled with freshwater, water obtained from the Little Colorado River (0.3% salinity), or freshwater with table salt added until the salinity reached 0.3%. Roundtail chub was used as a surrogate for humpback chub in this study because the species is not listed as endangered but is morphologically and ecologically similar to humpback chub. All roundtail chub infected with Ich recovered and survived when placed in water from the Little Colorado River or water with 0.3% salinity, but all experimental fish placed in freshwater died because of Ich infection. The naturally high salinity of the Little Colorado River at baseflow (0.22%–0.36%), appears sufficiently high to interrupt the life cycle of Ich and may allow increased survival of larval and juvenile humpback chub relative to other areas within Grand Canyon.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0307","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.L., 2012, Salinity of the Little Colorado River in Grand Canyon confers anti-parasitic properties on a native fish: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 3, p. 334-338, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0307.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"338","ipdsId":"IP-033818","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss3/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0572,35.6882 ], [ -114.0572,36.5318 ], [ -111.828,36.5318 ], [ -111.828,35.6882 ], [ -114.0572,35.6882 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd81e4b0fd76c78323c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040735,"text":"fs20123118 - 2012 - Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T16:18:55","indexId":"fs20123118","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3118","title":"Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources","docAbstract":"Ohio’s water resources support a complex web of human activities and nature—clean and abundant water is needed for drinking, recreation, farming, and industry, as well as for fish and wildlife needs. The distribution of rainfall can cause floods and droughts, which affects streamflow, groundwater, water availability, water quality, recreation, and aquatic habitats. Ohio is bordered by the Ohio River and Lake Erie and has over 44,000 miles of streams and more than 60,000 lakes and ponds (State of Ohio, 1994). Nearly all the rural population obtain drinking water from groundwater sources.\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works in cooperation with local, State, and other Federal agencies, as well as universities, to furnish decisionmakers, policymakers, USGS scientists, and the general public with reliable scientific information and tools to assist them in management, stewardship, and use of Ohio’s natural resources. The diversity of scientific expertise among USGS personnel enables them to carry out large- and small-scale multidisciplinary studies. The USGS is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority—its sole product is reliable, impartial, credible, relevant, and timely scientific information, equally accessible and available to everyone. The USGS Ohio Water Science Center provides reliable hydrologic and water-related ecological information to aid in the understanding of use and management of the Nation’s water resources, in general, and Ohio’s water resources, in particular. This fact sheet provides an overview of current (2012) or recently completed USGS studies and data activities pertaining to water resources in Ohio. More information regarding projects of the USGS Ohio Water Science Center is available at http://oh.water.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123118","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., Kula, S., Bambach, P., and Runkle, D., 2012, Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3118, 6 p.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123118.","productDescription":"6 p.; maps (col.)","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3118.jpg"},{"id":263162,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3118/"},{"id":263163,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3118/pdf/fs2012-3118_web.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.8203,38.4034 ], [ -84.8203,41.9773 ], [ -84.5182,41.9773 ], [ -84.5182,38.4034 ], [ -84.8203,38.4034 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd85e4b0fd76c78323ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly kshaffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly","email":"kshaffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kula, Stephanie","contributorId":11893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kula","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bambach, Phil","contributorId":24642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bambach","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runkle, Donna","contributorId":51317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040724,"text":"fs20123122 - 2012 - Mercury and halogens in coal--Their role in determining mercury emissions from coal combustion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T09:41:47","indexId":"fs20123122","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3122","title":"Mercury and halogens in coal--Their role in determining mercury emissions from coal combustion","docAbstract":"Mercury is a toxic pollutant. In its elemental form, gaseous mercury has a long residence time in the atmosphere, up to a year, allowing it to be transported long distances from emission sources. Mercury can be emitted from natural sources such as volcanoes, or from anthropogenic sources, such as coal-fired powerplants. In addition, all sources of mercury on the Earth's surface can re-emit it from land and sea back to the atmosphere, from which it is then redeposited. Mercury in the atmosphere is present in such low concentrations that it is not considered harmful. Once mercury enters the aquatic environment, however, it can undergo a series of biochemical transformations that convert a portion of the mercury originally present to methylmercury, a highly toxic organic form of mercury that accumulates in fish and birds. Many factors contribute to creation of methylmercury in aquatic ecosystems, including mercury availability, sediment and nutrient load, bacterial influence, and chemical conditions. In the United States, consumption of fish with high levels of methylmercury is the most common pathway for human exposure to mercury, leading the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue fish consumption advisories in every State. The EPA estimates that 50 percent of the mercury entering the atmosphere in the United States is emitted from coal-burning utility powerplants. An EPA rule, known as MATS (for Mercury and Air Toxics Standards), to reduce emissions of mercury and other toxic pollutants from powerplants, was signed in December 2011. The rule, which is currently under review, specifies limits for mercury and other toxic elements, such as arsenic, chromium, and nickel. MATS also places limits on emission of harmful acid gases, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. These standards are the result of a 2010 detailed nationwide program by the EPA to sample stack emissions and thousands of shipments of coal to coal-burning powerplants. The United States is the only nation to have collected such detailed information for mercury in both its coal and its utility emissions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123122","collaboration":"Other Contributors: Utah Geological Survey and ADA Environmental Solutions, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Quick, J., Senior, C.L., and Belkin, H.E., 2012, Mercury and halogens in coal--Their role in determining mercury emissions from coal combustion: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3122, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123122.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3122.gif"},{"id":263125,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3122/"},{"id":263126,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3122/pdf/FS2012-3122_Web.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd77e4b0fd76c78323bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":31268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"Jeffrey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senior, Connie L.","contributorId":17103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040706,"text":"sir20125183 - 2012 - Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:24:59","indexId":"sir20125183","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5183","title":"Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey report documents a conceptual and numerical model of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota, that can be used to evaluate and manage the city of Aberdeen's water resources. The glacial aquifer system in the model area includes the Elm, Middle James, and Deep James aquifers, with intervening confining units composed of glacial till. The Elm aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to about 95 feet (ft), with an average thickness of about 24 ft; the Middle James aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to 91 ft, with an average thickness of 13 ft; and the Deep James aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to 165 ft, with an average thickness of 23 ft. The confining units between the aquifers consisted of glacial till and ranged in thickness from 0 to 280 ft. The general direction of groundwater flow in the Elm aquifer in the model area was from northwest to southeast following the topography. Groundwater flow in the Middle James aquifer was to the southeast. Sparse data indicated a fairly flat potentiometric surface for the Deep James aquifer. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the Elm aquifer determined from aquifer tests ranged from 97 to 418 feet per day (ft/d), and a confined storage coefficient was determined to be 2.4x10-5. Estimates of the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments separating the Elm River from the Elm aquifer, determined from the analysis of temperature gradients, ranged from 0.14 to 2.48 ft/d. Average annual precipitation in the model area was 19.6 inches per year (in/yr), and agriculture was the primary land use. Recharge to the Elm aquifer was by infiltration of precipitation through overlying outwash, lake sediments, and glacial till. The annual recharge for the model area, calculated by using a soil-water-balance method for water year (WY) 1975-2009, ranged from 0.028 inch in WY 1980 to 4.52 inches in WY 1986, with a mean of 1.56 inches. The annual potential evapotranspiration, calculated in soil-water-balance analysis, ranged from 21.8 inches in WY 1983 to 27.0 inches in WY 1985, with a mean of 24.6 inches. Water use from the glacial aquifer system primarily was from the Elm aquifer for irrigation, municipal, and suburban water supplies, and the annual rate ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The MODFLOW-2005 numerical model represented the Elm aquifer, the Middle James aquifer, and the Deep James aquifer with model layers 1-3 respectively separated by confining layers 1-2 respectively. Groundwater flow was simulated with 75 stress periods beginning October 1, 1974, and ending September 30, 2009. Model grid spacing was 200 by 200 ft and boundaries were represented by specified-head boundaries and no-flow boundaries. The model used parameter estimation that focused on minimizing the difference between 954 observed and simulated hydraulic heads for 135 wells. Calibrated mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity values for model layers 1-3 were 94, 41, and 30 ft/d respectively. Vertical hydraulic conductivity values for confining layers 1 and 2 were 0.0002 and 0.0003 ft/d, respectively. Calibrated specific yield for model layer 1was 0.1 and specific storage ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0005 per foot. Calibrated mean recharge rates ranged from 2.5 in/yr where glacial till thickness was less than 10 ft to 0.8 in/yr where glacial till thickness was greater than 30 ft. Calibrated mean annual evapotranspiration rate was 8.8 in/yr. Simulated net streamflow gain from model layer 1 was 3.1 ft3/s.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Aberdeen","usgsCitation":"Marini, K.A., Hoogestraat, G., Aurand, K.R., and Putnam, L.D., 2012, Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5183, x, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125183.","productDescription":"x, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5183.gif"},{"id":263090,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5183/"},{"id":263091,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5183/sir2012-5183.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14 North","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Aberdeen","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.67,45.583 ], [ -98.67,45.25 ], [ -98.17,45.25 ], [ -98.17,45.583 ], [ -98.67,45.583 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c0e4b0855e233c0702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marini, Katrina A.","contributorId":90181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marini","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aurand, Katherine R. kaurand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aurand","given":"Katherine","email":"kaurand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040684,"text":"70040684 - 2012 - Gene expression, glutathione status and indicators of hepatic oxidative stress in laughing gull (Larus atricilla) hatchlings exposed to methylmercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-13T12:27:08","indexId":"70040684","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gene expression, glutathione status and indicators of hepatic oxidative stress in laughing gull (Larus atricilla) hatchlings exposed to methylmercury","docAbstract":"Despite extensive studies of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in birds, molecular effects on birds are poorly characterized. To improve our understanding of toxicity pathways and identify novel indicators of avian exposure to Hg, the authors investigated genomic changes, glutathione status, and oxidative status indicators in liver from laughing gull (Larus atricilla) hatchlings that were exposed in ovo to MeHg (0.05–1.6 µg/g). Genes involved in the transsulfuration pathway, iron transport and storage, thyroid-hormone related processes, and cellular respiration were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization as differentially expressed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) identified statistically significant effects of Hg on cytochrome C oxidase subunits I and II, transferrin, and methionine adenosyltransferase RNA expression. Glutathione-S-transferase activity and protein-bound sulfhydryl levels decreased, whereas glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased dose-dependently. Total sulfhydryl concentrations were significantly lower at 0.4 µg/g Hg than in controls. T ogether, these endpoints provided some evidence of compensatory effects, but little indication of oxidative damage at the tested doses, and suggest that sequestration of Hg through various pathways may be important for minimizing toxicity in laughing gulls. This is the first study to describe the genomic response of an avian species to Hg. Laughing gulls are among the less sensitive avian species with regard to Hg toxicity, and their ability to prevent hepatic oxidative stress may be important for surviving levels of MeHg exposures at which other species succumb.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.1985","usgsCitation":"Jenko, K., Karouna-Renier, N., and Hoffman, D.J., 2012, Gene expression, glutathione status and indicators of hepatic oxidative stress in laughing gull (Larus atricilla) hatchlings exposed to methylmercury: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2588-2596, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1985.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2588","endPage":"2596","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-039163","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263099,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1985"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9cce4b0855e233c070e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenko, Kathryn","contributorId":6720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenko","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. 0000-0001-7127-033X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":17357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040686,"text":"70040686 - 2012 - Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-13T12:22:11","indexId":"70040686","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection","docAbstract":"The ability to accurately predict patterns of species' occurrences is fundamental to the successful management of animal communities. To determine optimal management strategies, it is essential to understand species-habitat relationships and how species habitat use is related to natural or human-induced environmental changes. Using five years of monitoring data in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Maryland, USA, we developed four multi-species hierarchical models for estimating amphibian wetland use that account for imperfect detection during sampling. The models were designed to determine which factors (wetland habitat characteristics, annual trend effects, spring/summer precipitation, and previous wetland occupancy) were most important for predicting future habitat use. We used the models to make predictions of species occurrences in sampled and unsampled wetlands and evaluated model projections using additional data. Using a Bayesian approach, we calculated a posterior distribution of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) values, which allowed us to explicitly quantify the uncertainty in the quality of our predictions and to account for false negatives in the evaluation dataset. We found that wetland hydroperiod (the length of time that a wetland holds water) as well as the occurrence state in the prior year were generally the most important factors in determining occupancy. The model with only habitat covariates predicted species occurrences well; however, knowledge of wetland use in the previous year significantly improved predictive ability at the community level and for two of 12 species/species complexes. Our results demonstrate the utility of multi-species models for understanding which factors affect species habitat use of an entire community (of species) and provide an improved methodology using AUC that is helpful for quantifying the uncertainty in model predictions while explicitly accounting for detection biases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1936.1","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Grant, E., and Fagan, W., 2012, Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 7, p. 1962-1972, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1936.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1962","endPage":"1972","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-033849","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263096,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1936.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c8e4b0855e233c070a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040700,"text":"70040700 - 2012 - Microbial colonization and controls in dryland systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-13T12:40:33","indexId":"70040700","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2846,"text":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial colonization and controls in dryland systems","docAbstract":"Drylands constitute the most extensive terrestrial biome, covering more than one-third of the Earth's continental surface. In these environments, stress limits animal and plant life, so life forms that can survive desiccation and then resume growth following subsequent wetting assume the foremost role in ecosystem processes. In this Review, we describe how these organisms assemble in unique soil- and rock-surface communities to form a thin veneer of mostly microbial biomass across hot and cold deserts. These communities mediate inputs and outputs of gases, nutrients and water from desert surfaces, as well as regulating weathering, soil stability, and hydrological and nutrient cycles. The magnitude of regional and global desert-related environmental impacts is affected by these surface communities; here, we also discuss the challenges for incorporating the consideration of these communities and their effects into the management of dryland resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/nrmicro2854","usgsCitation":"Pointing, S.B., and Belnap, J., 2012, Microbial colonization and controls in dryland systems: Nature Reviews Microbiology, v. 10, no. 8, p. 551-562, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2854.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"562","ipdsId":"IP-036400","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2854","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263105,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2854"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9dde4b0855e233c071a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pointing, Stephen B.","contributorId":8347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointing","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040689,"text":"70040689 - 2012 - Chlorophacinone residues in mammalian prey at a black-tailed prairie dog colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-13T12:16:53","indexId":"70040689","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorophacinone residues in mammalian prey at a black-tailed prairie dog colony","docAbstract":"Black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPDs), Cynomys ludovicianus, are an important prey for raptors; therefore, the use of the rodenticide Rozol (0.005% chlorophacinone active ingredient) to control BTPDs raises concern for secondary poisonings resulting from the consumption of contaminated prey by raptors. In the present study, the authors observed Rozol exposure and adverse effects to mammalian prey on 11 of 12 search days of the study. Mammalian hepatic chlorophacinone residues ranged from 0.44 to 7.56 µg/g. Poisoned prey availability was greater than previously reported.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.1968","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N.B., Hulse, C.S., and Rice, C.P., 2012, Chlorophacinone residues in mammalian prey at a black-tailed prairie dog colony: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2513-2516, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1968.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2513","endPage":"2516","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-031109","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263094,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1968"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9b4e4b0855e233c06fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, Nimish B. 0000-0003-0191-1319 nvyas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":4494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"Nimish","email":"nvyas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hulse, Craig S. chulse@usgs.gov","contributorId":4715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"Craig","email":"chulse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040705,"text":"sim3227 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T11:19:53","indexId":"sim3227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3227","title":"Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Tuba City 30’ x 60’ quadrangle encompasses approximately 5,018 km² (1,920 mi²) within Coconino County, northern Arizona. It is characterized by nearly flat lying to gently dipping sequences of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata that overly tilted Precambrian strata or metasedimentary and igneous rocks that are exposed at the bottom of Grand Canyon. The Paleozoic rock sequences from Cambrian to Permian age are exposed in the walls of Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon, and Little Colorado River Gorge. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are exposed in the eastern half of the quadrangle where resistant sandstone units form cliffs, escarpments, mesas, and local plateaus. A few Miocene volcanic dikes intrude Mesozoic rocks southwest, northwest, and northeast of Tuba City, and Pleistocene volcanic rocks representing the northernmost extent of the San Francisco Volcanic Field are present at the south-central edge of the quadrangle. Quaternary deposits mantle much of the Mesozoic rocks in the eastern half of the quadrangle and are sparsely scattered in the western half.\n\nPrincipal folds are the north-south-trending, east-dipping Echo Cliffs Monocline and the East Kaibab Monocline. The East Kaibab Monocline elevates the Kaibab, Walhalla, and Coconino Plateaus and parts of Grand Canyon. Grand Canyon erosion has exposed the Butte Fault beneath the east Kaibab Monocline, providing a window into the structural complexity of monoclines in this part of the Colorado Plateau. Rocks of Permian and Triassic age form the surface bedrock of Marble Plateau and House Rock Valley between the East Kaibab and Echo Cliffs Monoclines.\n\nThe Echo Cliffs Monocline forms a structural boundary between the Marble Plateau to the west and the Kaibito and Moenkopi Plateaus to the east. Jurassic rocks of the Kaibito and Moenkopi Plateaus are largely mantled by extensive eolian sand deposits. A small part of the northeast-dipping Red Lake Monocline is present in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.\n\nA broad and gentle elongated anticline, the Limestone Ridge Anticline, forms the crest of Marble Plateau. Here, Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata generally dip less than 1° to 2° in all directions from a central high area along Limestone Ridge north of Bodaway Mesa and east of Cedar Ridge and The Gap. The Limestone Ridge Anticline plunges gently southeast toward the Painted Desert at the south edge of the quadrangle and northward toward Lees Ferry, Arizona, at the north-central edge of the quadrangle. The Tuba City Syncline is a very broad northwest-southeast-oriented-synclinal downwarp that parallels the Echo Cliffs Monocline north of Tuba City. The Preston Mesa Anticline is a small fold present on Kaibito Plateau north of Tuba City.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the Navajo Nation, and the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., Stoffer, P.W., and Priest, S.S., 2012, Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3227, Pamphlet: ii, 31 p.; 3 Sheets: 42 x 55 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3227.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 31 p.; 3 Sheets: 42 x 55 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":669,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Field Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3227.gif"},{"id":263114,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227"},{"id":263113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":263115,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":263116,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":263117,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":263118,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_metadata.txt"},{"id":263119,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/tuba_db.zip"},{"id":263146,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_readme.txt"},{"id":263147,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/tuba_shape.zip"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"NAD 1927","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","city":"Tuba City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.295609,36.092014 ], [ -111.295609,36.154383 ], [ -111.211703,36.154383 ], [ -111.211703,36.092014 ], [ -111.295609,36.092014 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9d0e4b0855e233c0712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffer, Philip W.","contributorId":32559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040704,"text":"tm5B9 - 2012 - Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:56:07","indexId":"tm5B9","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B9","title":"Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A new analytical method has been developed and implemented at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory that determines a suite of 20 steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered water (using laboratory schedule 2434) and in unfiltered water (using laboratory schedule 4434). This report documents the procedures and initial performance data for the method and provides guidance on application of the method and considerations of data quality in relation to data interpretation. The analytical method determines 6 natural and 3 synthetic estrogen compounds, 6 natural androgens, 1 natural and 1 synthetic progestin compound, and 2 sterols: cholesterol and 3--coprostanol. These two sterols have limited biological activity but typically are abundant in wastewater effluents and serve as useful tracers. Bisphenol A, an industrial chemical used primarily to produce polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins and that has been shown to have estrogenic activity, also is determined by the method.\n\nA technique referred to as isotope-dilution quantification is used to improve quantitative accuracy by accounting for sample-specific procedural losses in the determined analyte concentration. Briefly, deuterium- or carbon-13-labeled isotope-dilution standards (IDSs), all of which are direct or chemically similar isotopic analogs of the method analytes, are added to all environmental and quality-control and quality-assurance samples before extraction. Method analytes and IDS compounds are isolated from filtered or unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction onto an octadecylsilyl disk, overlain with a graded glass-fiber filter to facilitate extraction of unfiltered sample matrices. The disks are eluted with methanol, and the extract is evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in solvent, passed through a Florisil solid-phase extraction column to remove polar organic interferences, and again evaporated to dryness in a reaction vial. The method compounds are reacted with activated -methyl--trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide at 65 degrees Celsius for 1 hour to form trimethylsilyl or trimethylsilyl-enol ether derivatives that are more amenable to gas chromatographic separation than the underivatized compounds. Analysis is carried out by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using calibration standards that are derivatized concurrently with the sample extracts.\n\nAnalyte concentrations are quantified relative to specific IDS compounds in the sample, which directly compensate for procedural losses (incomplete recovery) in the determined and reported analyte concentrations. Thus, reported analyte concentrations (or analyte recoveries for spiked samples) are corrected based on recovery of the corresponding IDS compound during the quantification process. Recovery for each IDS compound is reported for each sample and represents an absolute recovery in a manner comparable to surrogate recoveries for other organic methods used by the National Water Quality Laboratory. Thus, IDS recoveries provide a useful tool for evaluating sample-specific analytical performance from an absolute mass recovery standpoint. IDS absolute recovery will differ and typically be lower than the corresponding analyte’s method recovery in spiked samples. However, additional correction of reported analyte concentrations is unnecessary and inappropriate because the analyte concentration (or recovery) already is compensated for by the isotope-dilution quantification procedure.\n\nMethod analytes were spiked at 10 and 100 nanograms per liter (ng/L) for most analytes (10 times greater spike levels were used for bisphenol A and 100 times greater spike levels were used for 3--coprostanol and cholesterol) into the following validation-sample matrices: reagent water, wastewater-affected surface water, a secondary-treated wastewater effluent, and a primary (no biological treatment) wastewater effluent. Overall method recovery for all analytes in these matrices averaged 100 percent, with overall relative standard deviation of 28 percent. Mean recoveries of the 20 individual analytes for spiked reagent-water samples prepared along with field samples and analyzed in 2009–2010 ranged from 84–104 percent, with relative standard deviations of 6–36 percent. Concentrations for two analytes, equilin and progesterone, are reported as estimated because these analytes had excessive bias or variability, or both. Additional database coding is applied to other reported analyte data as needed, based on sample-specific IDS recovery performance.\n\nDetection levels were derived statistically by fortifying reagent water at six different levels (0.1 to 4 ng/L) and range from about 0.4 to 4 ng/L for 16 analytes. Interim reporting levels applied to analytes in this report range from 0.8 to 8 ng/L. Bisphenol A and the sterols (cholesterol and 3-beta-coprostanol) were consistently detected in laboratory and field blanks. The minimum reporting levels were set at 100 ng/L for bisphenol A and at 200 ng/L for the two sterols to prevent any bias associated with the presence of these compounds in the blanks. A minimum reporting level of 2 ng/L was set for 11-ketotestosterone to minimize false positive risk from an interfering siloxane compound emanating as chromatographic-column bleed, from vial septum material, or from other sources at no more than 1 ng/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B9","collaboration":"Book 5, Chapter B9 of U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Gray, J.L., ReVello, R., Lindley, C.E., Losche, S.A., and Barber, L.B., 2012, Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B9, x, 118 p.; ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B9.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.; ill.","startPage":"i","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"131","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_B9.gif"},{"id":263089,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b9/TM5-B9.pdf"},{"id":263088,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b9/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c4e4b0855e233c0706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ReVello, Rhiannon C. rcrevell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReVello","given":"Rhiannon C.","email":"rcrevell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindley, Chris E. clindley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"Chris","email":"clindley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Losche, Scott A. salosche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losche","given":"Scott","email":"salosche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}