{"pageNumber":"1598","pageRowStart":"39925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":1144,"text":"wsp1757M - 1972 - Significance of ground-water chemistry in performance of North Sahara Tube wells in Algeria and Tunisia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1757M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"M","title":"Significance of ground-water chemistry in performance of North Sahara Tube wells in Algeria and Tunisia","docAbstract":"Nine ground-water samples from the principal shallow and deep North Sahara aquifers of Algeria and Tunisia were examined to determine the relation of their chemical composition to corrosion and mineral encrustation thought to be contributing to observed decline in well capacities within a UNESCO/UNDP Special Fund Project area. Although the shallow and deep waters differ significantly in certain quality factors, all are sulfochloride types with corrosion potentials ranging from moderate to extreme. None appear to be sufficiently supersaturated with troublesome mineral species to cause rapid or severe encrustation of filter pipes or other well parts. However, calcium carbonate encrustation of deep-well cooling towers and related irrigation pipes can be expected because of loss of carbon dioxide and water during evaporative cooling. \r\n\r\nCorrosion products, particularly iron sulfide, can be expected to deposit in wells producing waters from the deep aquifers. This could reduce filterpipe openings and increase casing roughness sufficiently to cause significant reduction in well capacity. It seems likely, however, that normal pressure reduction due to exploitation of the artesian systems is a more important control of well performance. If troublesome corrosion and related encrustation are confirmed by downhole inspection, use of corrosion-resisting materials, such as fiber-glass casing and saw-slotted filter pipe (shallow wells only), or stainless-steel screen, will minimize the effects of the waters represented by these samples. A combination of corrosion-resisting stainless steel filter pipe electrically insulated from the casing with a nonconductive spacer and cathodic protection will minimize external corrosion of steel casing, if this is found to be a problem. However, such installations are difficult to make in very deep wells and difficult to control in remote areas. Both the shallow waters and the deep waters examined in this study will tend to cause soil salinization because their salt contents are relatively high, and both have sodium absorption ratios which are unfavorable to sodium-sensitive soils and vegetation. Proper drainage and soil treatment are the only means of overcoming these problems during irrigation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757M","usgsCitation":"Clarke, F., and Jones, B.F., 1972, Significance of ground-water chemistry in performance of North Sahara Tube wells in Algeria and Tunisia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, vi, M1-M39 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757M.","productDescription":"vi, M1-M39 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25925,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3ccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Frank Eldridge","contributorId":107255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank Eldridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48072,"text":"ofr72320 - 1972 - Water-resources investigation using analog model techniques in the Saugus-Newhall area, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:06","indexId":"ofr72320","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-320","title":"Water-resources investigation using analog model techniques in the Saugus-Newhall area, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"The Saugus-Newhall area is in the upper Santa Clara River valley, in northwestern Los Angeles. County, about 30 miles north of Los Angeles. The area has two main aquifers, the alluvial aquifer and the underlying Saugus aquifer. These two aquifers are the subject of this investigation. \r\n\r\nThe alluvial aquifer consists of river channel alluvium as much as 200 feet thick with a transmissibility ranging from 50,000 to 325,000 gallons per day per foot and a storage coefficient of i0 to 20 percent. In 1945 about 210,000 acre-feet of recoverable ground water was in storage in the alluvial aquifer. The alluvial aquifer is the major source of ground-water pumpage and has supplied about 600,000 acre-feet of effective pumpage during the period 1945 through 1967. Ground-water pumpage and variations in the quantities of surface-water recharge have caused large fluctuations in the water levels in the alluvial aquifer. \r\n\r\nThe Saugus aquifer has. a maximum saturated thickness of about 3,500 feet and ranges in transmissibility from 2,000 to 200,000 gallons per day per foot. Based on limited available data, the Saugus aquifer may contain as much as 6 million acre-feet of ground water in storage under steady-state conditions. Meager available data indicate the water quality in some areas of the Saugus aquifer is poor so that only a fraction of the ground water in storage in the aquifer may be usable for domestic water supplies. \r\n\r\nFloodflow in the streams in the area is the major source of recharge to the alluvial aquifer and the underlying Saugus aquifer. The chemical quality of the ground water is largely dependent on the chemical quality of the surface-water recharge. Ground-water discharge occurs along the Santa Clara River below Castaic Junction.\r\n\r\nWater will be imported to supplement the existing water resources. An analog model of the ground-water basin indicates that it will not be possible to artificially recharge the proposed quantities of imported water into the alluvial aquifer above Saugus unless ground-water pumpage from that area is increased. \r\n\r\nThe model further indicates that the alluvial aquifer may not be able to supply enough water, even when artificially recharged with imported water, to meet the estimated maximum pumping rate to 1990 used in the model and that increased pumpage from the Saugus aquifer may cause water-level declines in both aquifers and may eliminate the natural ground-water discharge from the aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72320","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1972, Water-resources investigation using analog model techniques in the Saugus-Newhall area, Los Angeles County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-320, 103 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm. + 9 folded maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72320.","productDescription":"103 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm. + 9 folded maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84821,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84822,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84823,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84824,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84825,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84826,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84827,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84828,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84829,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0320/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dab56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13705,"text":"ofr72125 - 1972 - Appraisal of iron deposits in southern and western Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr72125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-125","title":"Appraisal of iron deposits in southern and western Turkey","docAbstract":"Between May 20 and June 17, 1969, previously known iron deposits were examined widely at eight separate localities in western Turkey. The object of the examinations was to learn the, nature, geologic setting, and approximate size of each deposit, to review prior estimates of size, and possibly recommend additional exploratory work.. The full extent of each deposit is poorly known at the present time, so recommended additional work entails drilling, digging trenches or pits, geologic mapping or, combinations of these activities. \r\n\r\nOn Qaldagi Mountain an area of about 1 sq km is capped by bredciated chert under which may be a continuous zone of mixed iron oxides and chert fragments. The thickness of the ferruginous zone is poorly known but is as much as 12 meters, in at least one place. The- ferruginous material and chert appear to have formed by the weathering of serpentine, bun this concept needs further testing. Drilling is recommended to determine the grade, thickness, and extent-of the ferruginous zone beneath the cherty cap. Inasmuch as mining by hand sorting is in progress, part of the deposit can be considered to be marginally in the category of iron reserves. \r\n\r\nThe Keceborlu iron deposit consists of earthy to slightly compacted hematite and limonite mixed with small chert fragments. The surface area underlain by ferruginous rock is about 5,000 to 7,500 sq meters. The maximum known thickness of the deposit is about 7 meters. Iron appears to have been concentrated by weathering and oxidation of cherty limestone. The deposit is probably either a remnant of a once more extensive weathered cap, or a sink hole filling. The Keceborlu area warrants a low priority for further exploration, but one drill hole is recommended to test the thickness of the deposit. \r\n\r\nThe iron deposits at Mellec are layered and vein-magnetite replacements of limestone. The six known deposits are discontinuous. No additional. work is recommended. ' \r\n\r\nThe Gilindire Iron deposit consists of irregular concentrations of pisolitic and earthy hematite and 'limonite along an unconformity or disconformity between two groups of limestone. The ferruginous zone is incompletely known around the rim of the large Gilindire syncline. Data from trenches 5 to 6 km around the syncline--about ? the possible length of the ferruginous zone--provide the main knowledge about the size and grade of ferruginous lenses. The ferruginous lenses range in thickness from a fraction of a meter, to about 3 meters, but appear to average 1 meter or less, and range in grade from about 10 to 37 percent iron. No additional exploration work is recommended at Gilindire. \r\n\r\nThe Buyukeceli deposit consists of veinlike masses of earthy and compact hematite and limonite cutting fresh limestone. The veins apparently originally contained siderite which has been weathered and converted to iron oxide. Further exploration by drilling is recommended at such time as other largest deposits are able to be brought into the development stage in the Mediterranean coastal area of Turkey. \r\n\r\nThe iron deposits overlooking Bayas on the Gulf of Iskenderun ere in one or more layers along the west-facing front of the Amanus Mountain Range, between beds of gently to moderately east-dipping limestone. \r\n\r\nIsolated exposures may represent a once-continuous ferruginous bed that has been blockfaulted and intruded by serpentine. The ferruginous bed (or beds) is 20-30 meters thick, and consists of a mixture of very fine grained hematite and claylike material. Iron content ranges from 20 to 40 percent and aluminum, averages about 15 percent. Available data on distribution are scant but suggest that one ferruginous bed may be 1-2 kilometers long, 500 meters wide and 20 meters thick. The potentially large size of the Payas deposits warrants an early coordinated program of drilling end beneficiation testing. \r\n\r\nAn iron deposit was examined on a conspicuous limestone ridge in the Syrian graben east of the Amanus Moun","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72125","usgsCitation":"Gair, J.E., and Capan, U.Z., 1972, Appraisal of iron deposits in southern and western Turkey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-125, ii, 28 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72125.","productDescription":"ii, 28 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42270,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gair, Jacob Eugene","contributorId":14387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gair","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capan, Ussal Z.","contributorId":100402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capan","given":"Ussal","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14396,"text":"ofr72204 - 1972 - Reconnaissance geology of the Jabal Bitran quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:08","indexId":"ofr72204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-204","title":"Reconnaissance geology of the Jabal Bitran quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Jabal Bitten quadrangle covers an area of 2833 sq km in the \r\neastern part of the Precambrian Shield in Saudi Arabia. The rocks in \r\nthe quadrangle are divided geographically alone arcuate north-trending \r\nlines into an eastern area of granite intruded by a swarm of dikes of \r\nrhyolite and andesite, and a western area of dominantly pelitic \r\nchlorite-sericite schist, separated by the narrow central complex of \r\nthe Idsas Range. This complex is composed of pyroclastic rocks, lava, \r\nconglomerate, marble, and plutonic mafic rocks that have been intricately modified by episodes of metamorphism, igneous intrusion, and \r\nfaulting. The Idsas Range contains ancient gold and copper mines, \r\nand deposits of magnetite, copper, asbestos, and chromite. \r\n\r\nThe rocks in the Jabal Bitten quadrangle are here interpreted to \r\nconsist of three major sedimentary and volcanic groups, the lowermost \r\nof which was deposited unconformably on hornblende-biotite granite \r\ngneiss, and all of which are intruded by granite dikes and plutons. \r\nFrom oldest to youngest the layered rocks are called Halaban Group, \r\nBi'r Khountina Group, and Murdama Group, A biotite-hornblende granite \r\nis older than uppermost Bi'r Khountina, and peralkalic granite is \r\nyounger than Murdama. \r\n\r\nThe layered rocks of these groups are generally metamorphosed to \r\nthe greenschist facies. The metamorphic grade rises abruptly at the \r\nIdsas Range to the albite-epidote-amphibolite facies and lower subfacies of the amphibolite facies in parts of the Halaban Group; some \r\nskarn east of the range may be in the upper part of the amphibolite \r\nfacies. Characteristically, the Halaban Group has the highest grade \r\nand the greatest range in metamorphic grade, and the Murdama Group \r\nhas the lowest but most uniformly developed metamorphic grade. The \r\nmetamorphism of the rocks was caused by three successive pulses of \r\nregional dynamothermal metamorphism plus contact metamorphism around \r\nthe younger bodies of plutonic igneous rocks. \r\n\r\nFour major structural elements of the quadrangle are reflected \r\nin the geography and geologic units. These are a mantled gneiss dome \r\non the east separated from a north-plunging synclinorium in rocks of the Murdama and Bi?r Khountina Groups on the west by a narrow dejective zone of the Halaban and lower Bi?r Khountina. The dejective zone is much modified by impricate overthrusts and accompanying tear faults. These major faults have pushed elements of the Halaban and Bi?r Khountina westward over Bi?r Khountina and Murdama, with the result that very complex fault patterns have evolved.\r\n\r\nOpen geochemical reconnaissance of the area disclosed one positive anomaly for nickel and 40 threshold indications of several elements, principally nickel, chromium, copper, and tungsten. Heavy-mineral and radiometric reconnaissance showed 18 areas containing scheelite and/or powellite and four areas of anomalous radioactivity. Most of these features are in the dejective zone, as are five of the nine ancient workings, the massive and disseminated magnetite, most of the secondary copper minerals, and the traces of asbestos, magnesite, and chromite known in the quadrangle. The mantled gneiss dome and a complex of gabbro and amphibolite on its southwestern flank are the next most mineralized areas. Scant evidence of mineralization is present in the Murdama Group west of the dejective zone.\r\n\r\nMagnetite deposits at Jabal Idsas have the greatest potential of the mineral deposits in the Jabal Bitran quadrangle. Further study of gold at Fawara and Selib mines is recommended, as is investigation of a positive nickel anomaly that shows threshold cobalt and above background radioactivity. The garnetiferous skarn in the east-central part of the quadrangle should be examined for composition and abrasive character of the garnet and for the remote possibility of tungsten in scheelite and beryllium in helvite.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr72204","usgsCitation":"Kahr, V.P., Overstreet, W., Whitlow, J.W., and Ankary, A., 1972, Reconnaissance geology of the Jabal Bitran quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-204, iii, 70 leaves :ill. (some col.), folded map ;28 cm.; 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72204.","productDescription":"iii, 70 leaves :ill. (some col.), folded map ;28 cm.; 1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43074,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0204/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahr, Viktor P.","contributorId":99569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahr","given":"Viktor","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ankary, A.O.","contributorId":74016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankary","given":"A.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":39023,"text":"pp387B - 1972 - Recent activity of glaciers of Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-20T13:43:37.038244","indexId":"pp387B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"387","chapter":"B","title":"Recent activity of glaciers of Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Knowing the ages of trees growing on recent moraines at Mount Rainier, Wash., permits the moraines to be dated. Moraines which are ridges of boulders, gravel, sand, and dust deposited at the margins of a glacier, mark former limits of a receding glacier. Knowing past glacial activity aids our understanding of past climatic variations.\r\n\r\nThe report documents the ages of moraines deposited by eight glaciers. Aerial photographs and planimetric maps show areas where detailed field studies were made below seven glaciers. Moraines, past ice positions, and sample areas are plotted on the photographs and maps, along with trails, roads, streams, and landforms, to permit critical areas to be identified in the future. Ground photographs are included so that sample sites and easily accessible moraines can be found along trails. Tables present data about trees sampled in areas near the glaciers of Mount Rainier, Wash.\r\n\r\nThe data in the tables show there are modern moraines of different age around the mountain; some valleys contain only one modern moraiine; others contain as many as nine. The evidence indicates a sequence of modern glacial advances terminating at about the following A.D. dates: 1525, 1550, 1625-60, 1715, 1730-65, 1820-60, 1875, and 1910. Nisqually River valley near Nisqually Glacier contains one moraine formed before A.D. 1842; Tahoma Creek valley near South Tahoma Glacier contains three moraines formed before A.D. 1528; 1843, and 1864; South Puyallup River valley near Tahoma Glacier, six moraines A.D. 1544, 1761, 1841, 1851, 1863, 1898; Puyallup Glacier, one moraine, A.D. 1846; Carbon Glacier, four moraines, 1519, 1763, 1847, 1876; Winthrop Glacier, four moraines, 1655, 1716, 1760, amid 1822; Emmons Glacier, nine moraines, 1596, 1613, 1661, 1738, 1825, 1850, 1865, 1870, 1901; and Ohanapecosh Glacier, three moraines, 1741, 1846, and 1878.\r\n\r\nAbandoned melt-water and flood channels were identified within moraine complexes below three glaciers, and their time of abandonment was dated. Outwash in three areas was deposited by melt-water of Tahoma Glacier before A.D. 1862, 1873, and 1910, respectively. Flood channels or melt-water channels on either side of Carbon River near Carbon Glacier dated from about 1901 to 1907. Melt-water channels of three different ages cut through Emmons Glacier moraines were dated as being abandoned before 1865, 1871, and 1917, respectively.\r\n\r\nAlthough the evidence at Mount Rainier indicates a sequence of glacial advance and retreat and of melt-water flow through different channels at different times, their climatic and hydrologic significance is not yet known.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp387B","usgsCitation":"Sigafoos, R.S., and Hendricks, E.L., 1972, Recent activity of glaciers of Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 387, Report: vi, 24 p.; 7 Plates: 35.00 x 33.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp387B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; 7 Plates: 35.00 x 33.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":66160,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66157,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66158,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66161,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":486132,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4385.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":66162,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66156,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66159,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0387b/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.9659158058002,\n              47.00544610953378\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9659158058002,\n              46.74731525709666\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55292944619455,\n              46.74731525709666\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55292944619455,\n              47.00544610953378\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9659158058002,\n              47.00544610953378\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigafoos, Robert S.","contributorId":82379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafoos","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, E. 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,{"id":68383,"text":"ha380 - 1972 - Water resources of the Crow Wing River watershed, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:23:16","indexId":"ha380","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"380","title":"Water resources of the Crow Wing River watershed, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Crow Wing River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, drains an area of about 3,760 square miles, essentially all of which is covered by glacial deposits.</p>\n<p>Topography of most of the watershed is slightly- to moderately-undulating and has local relief of up to about 50 feet. The margin of the watershed, particularly the southwestern and northwestern parts, is higher and has local relief often exceeding 150 feet. The higher areas contain numerous lakes and, in the extreme north and east parts of the watershed, are heavily forested.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ha380","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, Soils, and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., Oakes, E., Ericson, D., and Helgesen, J.O., 1972, Water resources of the Crow Wing River watershed, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 380, 4 Plates: 41.68 x 33.86 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha380.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 41.68 x 33.86 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f057e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, Gerald F.","contributorId":18374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakes, E.L.","contributorId":38652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakes","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ericson, D.W.","contributorId":80295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":68312,"text":"ha377 - 1972 - Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead, and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55906,"text":"ofr69127 - 1969 - Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas","indexId":"ofr69127","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68312,"text":"ha377 - 1972 - Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead, and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas","indexId":"ha377","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead, and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-23T12:57:37","indexId":"ha377","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"377","title":"Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead, and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Water is available in Clay, Greene, Craighead, and Poinsett Counties from ground-water and surface-water sources. However, ground water is more accessible in many places than surface water. Ground water is available from the alluvium, which covers all the area except Crowleys Ridge, and is also available from other formations below the alluvium.</p><p>Surface water is available from the Black and Cache Rivers west of Crowleys Ridge, and from the St/ Francis and Little Rivers, and from many ditches and laterals east of the ridge. Continuous water supplies are not available from streams on Crowleys Ridge, but additional surface-water supplies could be made available from reservoirs storage on the ridge. Average annual streamflow ranges from 1.2 cfs per sq mi (Cubic feet per second per square mile) in the western part of the four counties to 1.4 cfs per sq mi in the eastern part. Average annual precipitation is about 48 inches.</p><p>Use of water in the area for agriculture greatly exceeds all other used combined, and progressively greater amounts of water are being used for irrigation. In 1965, 111.4 mgd (million gallons per day) was used for irrigation of other crops. An additional 16.9 mgd was used by industry, municipalities, and others. Of these amounts, 180.1 mgd was ground water and 19.7 mgd was surface water, or a total of 199.8 mgd. More than 80 manufacturing firms, many of which are closely allied to agriculture, use moderate amounts of water, mostly from municipal supplies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha377","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission","usgsCitation":"Hines, M.S., Plebuch, R.O., and Lamonds, A.G., 1972, Water resources of Clay, Greene, Craighead, and Poinsett Counties, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 377, 2 Plates: 44.00 x 38.50 inches and 45.00 x 38.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha377.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 44.00 x 38.50 inches and 45.00 x 38.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366867,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/377/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/377/plate-1-thumb.jpg"},{"id":89760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/377/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Clay County, Craighead County, Greene County, Poinsett County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91,35.5 ], [ -91,36.5 ], [ -90.5,36.5 ], [ -90.5,35.5 ], [ -91,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f08aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, Marion S.","contributorId":29388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Marion","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plebuch, Raymond O.","contributorId":15177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plebuch","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamonds, A. G.","contributorId":8450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamonds","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68300,"text":"ha461 - 1972 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the valley-fill aquifer in the Arkansas River Valley, Bent County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T10:22:27","indexId":"ha461","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"461","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the valley-fill aquifer in the Arkansas River Valley, Bent County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The investigation on which this report is based is a part of a comprehensive evaluation of the water resources of the Arkansas River valley undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District. The study reach extends 150 miles from Pueblo to the Kansas State line. The water-resources investigation of the stream aquifer system in the Arkansas River valley, which began in 1963, is being made to provide information about the water resources for planning, management, and administration of the supply. </p><p>The objectives of the investigation are to define the effects of present water use, to determine the relation between ground and surface water, and to evaluate the effects of proposed changes in water law and management. The major steps in the study are: (1) Inventory the water resources, (2) describe the hydrogeologic character of the aquifer, (3) document and evaluate the effects of development, (4) construct and verify models to aid in the evaluation of the hydrology, and (5) develop models to test water-management plans and to optimize water use. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha461","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Hurr, R.T., and Moore, J.E., 1972, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the valley-fill aquifer in the Arkansas River Valley, Bent County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 461, 4 Plates: 40 x 33 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha461.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 40 x 33 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89735,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/461/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"315 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":89736,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/461/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"266 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":89733,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/461/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"4.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":89734,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/461/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Bent County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.38333333333334,38 ], [ -103.38333333333334,38.166666666666664 ], [ -102.75,38.166666666666664 ], [ -102.75,38 ], [ -103.38333333333334,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628c24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurr, R. Theodore","contributorId":27023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, John E.","contributorId":33688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":939,"text":"wsp1973 - 1972 - Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T13:54:14","indexId":"wsp1973","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1973","title":"Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Kalamazoo County comprises an area of 572 square miles in the southwestern part of Michigan. It includes parts of the Kalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Paw Paw River basins, which drain into Lake Michigan. The northern two-thirds of the county is drained by the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries. A small area in the western piart of the county is drained by the Paw Paw River, and the rest, by tributaries of the St. Joseph River. Glacial deposits, containing sand and gravel, form an upper aquifer and a lower aquifer underlying large parts of the county. Areas of high transmissibility and thick saturated deposits are sufficiently localized to be considered as separate ground-water reservoirs having limited areal extent and definite hydrologic boundaries. </p><p>Ground-water runoff from the basins constitutes a large part of the streamflow. Hydrograph separation shows that ground-water runoff composed 65 and 73 percent of the discharge of Kalamazoo River at Comstock and 75 and 79 percent of the discharge of Portage River near Vicksburg in 1965 and 1966, respectively. Based on the hydrologic budgets for the same years, ground-water recharge was 9.1 and 9.0 inches in the Kalamazoo River basin and 12.2 and 11.6 inches in the St. Joseph River basin. </p><p>Ground-water recharge in the Kalamazoo River basin extrapolated for the 34-year period 1933-66 ranged from 4 to 13 inches and averaged 9 inches. In the St. Joseph River basin average recharge was about 9 inches for the same period. </p><p>There is a wide range in runoff in the county. Augusta Creek, Portage Creek near Kalamazoo, and Gourdneck Creek have the highest annual runoff and maintain high yields even during periods of deficient precipitation. Spring Brook also reflects large ground-water contributions to streamflow. Storage in these basins could provide additional water during low flows for municipal and industrial needs. </p><p>The primary use of lakes in the county is for recreational and esthetic purposes. Maintaining lake levels is therefore of the utmost importance. Levels at Crooked and Eagle Lakes have been maintained by pumping from lower aquifers. Diversion of water from Gourdneck Creek to West and Austin Lakes has helped in maintaining levels. Several relatively undeveloped lakes could be utilized as reservoirs whose storage could be used to augment streamflow or for water supply.</p><p>Water in streams is generally of good chemical quality; however, several streams, including the Kalamazoo River downstream from Kalamazoo, have been degraded by municipal and industrial waste disposal. Water in the lakes is generally of good chemical quality with the exception of Barton Lake, which has been degraded by waste disposal. </p><p>There is sufficient surface water available in Kalamazoo County to meet requirements for development of large quantities of water. The total available supply (average discharge of a stream) is about 680 mgd (million gallons per day). The dependable supply (7-day <i>Q</i><sub>2</sub>, or average 7-day low flow having a recurrence interval of 2 years) is about 303 mgd. By developing artificial recharge facilities, surface runoff during winter and spring could be utilized to recharge ground-water reservoirs. </p><p>Surface-water withdrawal in 1966 was about 58 mgd, of which 33 mgd was withdrawn from the Kalamazoo River. The quantity of water now being withdrawn from the ground and surface sources is small compared to the total that may be obtained in the area through full utilization of these resources. </p><p>Mathematical models were used to simulate hydrologic conditions in the ground-water reservoirs and to evaluate maximum drawdowns for periods of little or no recharge. The practical limits of development as determined for the ground-water reservoirs are estimated to be at the following average withdrawal rates: Kalamazoo, 39 .mgd; Schoolcraft, 17 mgd; Kalamazoo-Portage, 24 mgd; and several small reservoirs, 67 mgd. These total 147 mgd. Further development would require additional artificial recharge facilities. </p><p>Average ground-water withdrawal in 1966 was about 54 mgd. The Kalamazoo River ground-water reservoir furnished about 28 mgd, the Kalamazoo-Portage ground-water reservoir, about 21 mgd, and the other reservoirs, about 5 mgd. Thus, further development without artificial recharge is estimated to be about 11 mgd in the Kalamazoo River reservoir, 17 mgd in the Schoolcraft reservoir, 62 mgd in the several small reservoirs, and only 3 mgd in the Kalamazoo-Portage reservoir.</p><p>The ground water is generally of good chemical quality and is suitable for most uses; however, it is Usually very hard and may contain objectionable amounts of iron. Some deterioration of water quality- has .been observed in several areas because of seepage from stockpiles of industrial minerals. </p><p>The presence of many inland lakes, streams having high ground-water runoff, and, in places, relatively undeveloped ground-water reservoirs provides -flexibility in water management. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1973","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Kalamazoo County and the State of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Allen, W.B., Miller, J.B., and Wood, W., 1972, Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1973, Document: vii, 129 p.; 9 Plates: 30.50 x 40.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1973.","productDescription":"Document: vii, 129 p.; 9 Plates: 30.50 x 40.85 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25416,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25417,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25418,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25419,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25420,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25421,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25422,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25423,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25424,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94694,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/report.pdf","size":"9491","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kalamazoo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5421,42.4195],[-85.5328,42.4194],[-85.4172,42.4199],[-85.3091,42.4185],[-85.2979,42.4188],[-85.2969,42.3361],[-85.297,42.3298],[-85.2967,42.2721],[-85.296,42.2448],[-85.295,42.159],[-85.2928,42.0717],[-85.4102,42.0714],[-85.5301,42.0714],[-85.6427,42.0704],[-85.7638,42.0698],[-85.7654,42.157],[-85.7663,42.4196],[-85.5421,42.4195]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kalamazoo\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, William Burrows","contributorId":13596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Burrows","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, John B.","contributorId":37304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":142890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48088,"text":"ofr72420 - 1972 - Compilation of hydrologic data, Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:35:53","indexId":"ofr72420","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-420","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data, Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act ot 1936 and 1944\" and ''Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. In June 1968, the Soil Conservation Service estimated approximately 3,500 structures to be physically and economically feasible for installation in Texas. As of September 30, 1968, 1,271 of these structures had been built. </p><p>This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on water yield and the mode of occurrence of runoff. </p><p>Hydrologic investigations of these small watersheds were begun by the Geological Survey in 1951 and are now being made in 11 areas (fig. 1). These studies are being made in cooperation with t he Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 11 study areas were choson to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In four of the study areas (Mukewater, North, Little Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses to the conditions before and after\" development. Structures have now been built in three of these study areas. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures on each study area as of September 30, 1968, is shown in table 1. <u></u></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72420","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas and the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Compilation of hydrologic data, Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-420, v, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72420.","productDescription":"v, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72420.JPG"},{"id":287745,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0420/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"38.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Little Elm Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.1612,32.745 ], [ -97.1612,33.6619 ], [ -96.1234,33.6619 ], [ -96.1234,32.745 ], [ -97.1612,32.745 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48052,"text":"ofr72235 - 1972 - Analysis of potential errors in real-time streamflow data and methods of data verification by digital computer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T13:25:58","indexId":"ofr72235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-235","title":"Analysis of potential errors in real-time streamflow data and methods of data verification by digital computer","docAbstract":"<p>The magnitude, frequency, and types of errors inherent in real-time streamflow data are presented in part I. It was found that real-time data are generally less accurate than are historical data, primarily because real-time data are often used before errors can be detected and corrections applied.</p>\n<p>Various methods of verifying real-time streamflow data are outlined in part II. Relatively large errors (those greater than 20-30 percent) can be detected readily by use of well-designed verification programs for a digital computer, and smaller errors can be detected only by discharge measurements and field observations. The capability to substitute a simulated discharge value for missing or erroneous data is incorporated in some of the verification routines described. The routines represent concepts ranging from basic statistical comparisons to complex watershed modeling and provide a selection from which real-time data users can choose a suitable level of verification.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr72235","usgsCitation":"Lystrom, D.J., 1972, Analysis of potential errors in real-time streamflow data and methods of data verification by digital computer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-235, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72235.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72235.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lystrom, David J.","contributorId":101283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrom","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48076,"text":"ofr72349 - 1972 - Some effects of a heated pipeline on ground-water flow in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:51:27.634459","indexId":"ofr72349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-349","title":"Some effects of a heated pipeline on ground-water flow in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The thaw bulb produced by a heated pipeline buried in a stream channel may intercept water confined in shallow unfrozen zones beneath a seasonally frozen layer. Resulting movement of ground water through the thaw bulb might produce quick conditions in the pipeline foundation materials. A digital model showed that such conditions are not likely to occur. Test drilling along the proposed route of the pipeline confirms this conclusion. An exception may be the situation in which the pipeline is buried in fine sand overlying a highly permeable coarse sand or gravel.</p><p>The results of model studies demonstrate that the heated trench will focus ground-water discharge near the pipeline, especially in winter. Such discharge will increase the number and size of icings.</p><p>Explosive icing mounds apparently result from high crystallization pressures that develop within a closed talik. The thaw bulb close to the buried pipeline relieves the pressure that leads to such conditions.</p><p>Potential problems related to thaw-bulb enlargement by heat convection and thaw-instability of fine-grained materials are not treated in this analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72349","usgsCitation":"Sloan, C.E., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1972, Some effects of a heated pipeline on ground-water flow in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-349, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72349.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0349/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":12786,"text":"ofr7251 - 1972 - Geological and geophysical investigations of an Apollo 9 photo anomaly near Point of Pines, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-30T15:22:01.296707","indexId":"ofr7251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-51","title":"Geological and geophysical investigations of an Apollo 9 photo anomaly near Point of Pines, Arizona","docAbstract":"An infrared photograph of southeastern Arizona, taken during the Apollo 9 multispectral terrain photography experiment in 1969, reveals a ringlike feature, some 3-4 miles (5-6 kin) in diameter, on the Natanes Plateau, 35 miles (56 kin) north of the town of Safford. Because the feature occurs in an area of nearly flat lying Tertiary volcanic rocks, the possibilities of its being a small collapse caldera or an exposed circular intrusive body were considered. Geological and geophysical studies of the area were made to test these hypotheses. \r\n\r\nThe local stratigraphic section consists of approximately 1,500 feet (457 m) of Oligocene and perhaps older volcanic rocks, resting on a moderately irregular basement surface carved from nearly flat lying trending Basin-and-Range faults define a broad horst within which two arcuate cross faults, with 300-600 feet (91-183 m) of displacement, bound a downdropped area. Deep erosion along these faults has created a polygonal network of canyons which constitutes the 'ring' seen on the photograph. A mild arching of the volcanic rocks within the ring is suggested by structure contours on the base of the youngest flows. \r\n\r\nA sharp 350-gamma positive aeromagnetic anomaly is centered within the ring. In its southwest quadrant the anomaly has an elongate extension that trends northwest along an adjoining Basin-and-Range fault. Associated with both is a subtle gravity low. The geophysical data thus suggest the presence of a small blind silicic pluton, possibly of middle Tertiary or younger age. Although it can be argued that the arcuate faults and mild arching of the volcanic pile are related to this postulated pluton, no evidence of hydrothermal alteration or thermal metamorphism of the country rocks was seen. Thus if a pluton is present and of postvolcanic age, it must have been emplaced as a relatively cool dry body; or alternatively, it is older than the surface volcanic rocks. In either instance, its magnetic expression contrasts with that of the known mineralized Laramide porphyry intrusive bodies of the region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7251","usgsCitation":"Bromfield, C., Eaton, G.P., Peterson, D.L., and Ratte, J., 1972, Geological and geophysical investigations of an Apollo 9 photo anomaly near Point of Pines, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-51, Report: ii, 19 p.; 11 Plates: 45.00 × 42.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7251.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 19 p.; 11 Plates: 45.00 × 42.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41191,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41190,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41189,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41188,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41187,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":106541,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8739"},{"id":41196,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41195,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41194,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41193,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41192,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Point of Pines","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.875,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6250,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6250,\n              33.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.875,\n              33.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.875,\n              33.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromfield, Calvin S.","contributorId":98690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromfield","given":"Calvin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, G. P.","contributorId":86334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratte, J.C.","contributorId":10416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":3372,"text":"cir650 - 1972 - Energy resources of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-18T22:05:59","indexId":"cir650","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"650","title":"Energy resources of the United States","docAbstract":"Estimates are made of United States resources of coal, petroleum liquids, natural gas, uranium, geothermal energy, and oil from oil shale. The estimates, compiled by specialists of the U.S. Geological Survey, are generally made on geologic projections of favorable rocks and on anticipated frequency of the energy resource in the favorable rocks. Accuracy of the estimates probably ranges from 20 to 50 percent for identified-recoverable resources to about an order of magnitude for undiscovered-submarginal resources. \r\n\r\nThe total coal resource base in the United States is estimated to be about 3,200 billion tons, of which 200-390 billion tons can be considered in the category identified and recoverable. More than 70 percent of current production comes from the Appalachian basin where the resource base, better known than for the United States as a whole, is about 330 billion tons, of which 22 billion tons is identified and recoverable. Coals containing less than 1 percent sulfur are the premium coals. These are abundant in the western coal fields, but in the Appalachian basin the resource base for low-sulfur coal is estimated to be only a little more than 100 billion tons, of which 12 billion tons is identified and recoverable. \r\n\r\nOf the many estimates of petroleum liquids and natural-gas resources, those of the U.S. Geological Survey are the largest because, in general, our estimates include the largest proportion of favorable ground for exploration. We estimate the total resource base for petroleum liquids to be about 2,900 billion barrels, of which 52 billion barrels is identified and recoverable. Of the total resource base, some 600 billion barrels is in Alaska or offshore from Alaska, 1,500 billion barrels is offshore from the United States, and 1,300 billion barrels is onshore in the conterminous United States. Identified-recoverable resources of petroleum liquids corresponding to these geographic units are 11, 6, and 36 billion barrels, respectively. \r\n\r\nThe total natural-gas resource of the United States is estimated to be about 6,600 trillion cubic feet, of which 290 trillion cubic feet is identified and recoverable. In geographic units comparable to those for petroleum liquids, the resource bases are 1,400, 3,400, and 2,900 trillion cubic feet, and the identified-recoverable resources are 31, 40, and 220 trillion cubic feet, respectively. \r\n\r\nUranium resources in conventional deposits, where uranium is the major product, are estimated at 1,600,000 tons of U3O8, of which 250,000 tons is identified and recoverable. A potential byproduct resource of more than 7 million tons of U3O8, is estimated for phosphate rock, but none of this resource is recoverable under present economic conditions. \r\n\r\nThe resources of heat in potential geothermal energy sources are poorly known. The total resource base for the United States is certainly greater than 10 22 calories, of which only 2.5 ? 10 18 calories can be considered identified and recoverable at present. \r\n\r\nOil shale is estimated to contain 26 trillion barrels of oil. None of this resource is economic at present, but if prices increase moderately, 160-600 billion barrels of this oil could be shifted into the identified-recoverable category.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir650","usgsCitation":"Theobald, P., Schweinfurth, S.P., and Duncan, D.C., 1972, Energy resources of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 650, iii, 27 p. :illus. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir650.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p. :illus. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30382,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0650/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0650/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theobald, P. K.","contributorId":45293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweinfurth, Stanley P.","contributorId":99123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweinfurth","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncan, Donald Cave","contributorId":27427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Cave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18207,"text":"ofr7243 - 1972 - Accelerations near faults that have moved during moderate-sized earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr7243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-43","title":"Accelerations near faults that have moved during moderate-sized earthquakes","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7243","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., and Page, R.A., 1972, Accelerations near faults that have moved during moderate-sized earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-43, 10, [3] leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7243.","productDescription":"10, [3] leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":178708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2352,"text":"wsp1608N - 1972 - Electric analog studies of flow to wells in the Punjab aquifer of West Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp1608N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"N","title":"Electric analog studies of flow to wells in the Punjab aquifer of West Pakistan","docAbstract":"A series of experiments was performed with a steady-state electric analog simulating a cylindrical segment of the aquifer underlying the plains of the Punjab region of West Pakistan. In most of the experiments recharge was assumed to be from the surface, within a specified radius of influence, and distributed uniformly over the area within this radius. Experiments were made with different anisotropies (ratios of lateral to vertical resistance) so that various possible combinations of aquifer thickness and effective radius or radius of influence and combinations .of lateral and vertical permeability could be included in the models. Flow nets were constructed to show distribution of potential in the vertical section and intersections of stream surfaces with the vertical plane. \r\n\r\nThe series of experiments in which the screened interval is in the upper part of the aquifer shows that flow decreases and stream tubes shift progressively toward the upper part of the aquifer as anisotropy increases. \r\n\r\nAnother series illustrates that total yield increases and yield per foot of screen decreases as screen length increases. \r\n\r\nThe experiments indicate that, under conditions prevalent in the Punjab, the Distance-drawdown method for determining permeability gives results with an error of 10 percent or less provided that at least one piezometer or observation well is within a few feet of the pumped well and that no observation well or piezometer used is more than 100 feet from the pumped well. \r\n\r\nRelative traveltime for each of 10 stream tubes is given for three models. Relative traveltimes for one-fourth and one-half the effective radius are given for selected stream tubes. By substituting values for the aquifer parameters, actual traveltimes are computed from the relative-traveltime data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608N","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Bennett, G., and Ahmad, M., 1972, Electric analog studies of flow to wells in the Punjab aquifer of West Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iv, 28 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608N.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28277,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, G.D.","contributorId":81073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahmad, Masood","contributorId":57438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmad","given":"Masood","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48084,"text":"ofr72382 - 1972 - Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T07:19:12","indexId":"ofr72382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-382","title":"Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report","docAbstract":"<p>Mathematical (digital) models that simulate flood hydrographs from rainfall records have been developed for the following gaging stations in the Hillsborough and Alafia River basins of west-central Florida: Hillsborough River near Tampa, Alafia River at Lithia, and north Prong Alafia River near Keysville. These models, which were developed from historical streamflow and and rainfall records, are based on rainfall-runoff and unit-hydrograph procedures involving an arbitrary separation of the flood hydrograph. These models assume the flood hydrograph to be composed of only two flow components, direct (storm) runoff, and base flow. Expressions describing these two flow components are derived from streamflow and rainfall records and are combined analytically to form algorithms (models), which are programmed for processing on a digital computing system.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Most Hillsborough and Alafia River flood discharges can be simulated with expected relative errors less than or equal to 30 percent and flood peaks can be simulated with average relative errors less than 15 percent.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Because of the inadequate rainfall network that is used in obtaining input data for the North Prong Alafia River model, simulated peaks are frequently in error by more than 40 percent, particularly for storms having highly variable areal rainfall distribution.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Simulation errors are the result of rainfall sample errors and, to a lesser extent, model inadequacy. Data errors associated with the determination of mean basin precipitation are the result of the small number and poor areal distribution of rainfall stations available for use in the study. Model inadequacy, however, is attributed to the basic underlying theory, particularly the rainfall-runoff relation.</p>\n<br>\n<p>These models broaden and enhance existing water-management capabilities within these basins by allowing the establishment and implementation of programs providing for continued development in these areas. Specifically, the models serve not only as a basis for forecasting floods, but also for simulating hydrologic information needed in flood-plain mapping and delineating and evaluating alternative flood control and abatement plans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tampa, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr72382","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Turner, J.F., 1972, Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-382, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72382.","productDescription":"107 p.","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0382/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Alafia River;Hillsborough River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,27.75 ], [ -82.5,28.5 ], [ -82.0,28.5 ], [ -82.0,27.75 ], [ -82.5,27.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61475b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, James F. Jr.","contributorId":16275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5770,"text":"pp796 - 1972 - Structural and stratigraphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T22:46:52.726017","indexId":"pp796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"796","title":"Structural and stratigraphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes and interprets the results of a detailed subsurface mapping program undertaken in that part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain which extends from the South Carolina and North Carolina border through Long Island, N.Y. Data obtained from more than 2,200 wells are analyzed. Seventeen chronostratigraphic units are mapped in the subsurface. They range in age from Jurassic(?) to post-Miocene. The purpose of the mapping program was to determine the external and internal geometry of mappable chronostratigraphic units and to derive and construct a permeability-distribution network for each unit based upon contrasts in the textures and compositions of its contained sediments. </p><p>The report contains a structure map and a combined isopach, lithofacies, and permeability-distribution map for each of the chronostratigraphic units delineated in the subsurface. In addition, it contains a map of the top of the basement surface. These maps, together with 36 stratigraphic cross sections, present a three-dimensional view of the regional subsurface hydrogeology. They provide focal points of reference for a discussion of regional tectonics, structure, stratigraphy, and permeability distribution. Taken together and in chronologic sequence, the maps constitute a detailed sedimentary model, the first such model to be constructed for the middle Atlantic Coastal Plain. </p><p>The chronostratigraphic units mapped record a structural history dominated by lateral and vertical movement along a system of intersecting hinge zones. Taphrogeny, related to transcurrent faulting, is the dominant type of deformation that controlled the geometry of the sedimentary model. </p><p>Twelve of the seventeen chronostratigraphic units mapped have depositional alinements and thickening trends that are independent of the present-day configuration of the underlying basement surface. These 12 units, classified as genetically unrooted units, are assigned to a first-order tectonic stage. A structural model is proposed whose alinements of positive and negative structural features are accordant with the depositional geometry of the chronostratigraphic units assigned to this tectonic stage. The dominant features of the structural model are northeast-plunging half grabens arranged en echelon and bordered by northeast-plunging fault-block anticlines. Tension-type hinge zones that strike north lie athwart the half grabens. </p><p>Five of the seventeen chronostratigraphic units mapped have depositional alinements and thickening trends that are accordant with the present-day configuration of the underlying basement surface. These five units, classified as genetically rooted units, are assigned to a second-order tectonic stage. A structural model is proposed whose alinements of positive and negative features are accordant with the depositional geometry of the chronostratigraphic units assigned to this tectonic stage. The dominant feature of this model is a graben that stands tangential to southeast-plunging asymmetrical anticlines. Tension-type hinge zones that strike northeast lie athwart the graben.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp796","usgsCitation":"Brown, P.M., Miller, J.A., and Swain, F.M., 1972, Structural and stratigraphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 796, Report: v, 79 p.; 59 Plates: 57.00 × 38.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp796.","productDescription":"Report: v, 79 p.; 59 Plates: 57.00 × 38.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":2081,"text":"wsp1899M - 1972 - Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56144,"text":"ofr5942 - 1959 - Low-flow analysis of Pearl River at Jackson, Mississippi","indexId":"ofr5942","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow analysis of Pearl River at Jackson, Mississippi"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2081,"text":"wsp1899M - 1972 - Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana","indexId":"wsp1899M","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp1899M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1899","chapter":"M","title":"Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana","docAbstract":"Fresh water in abundance is contained in large artesian reservoirs in sand and gravel deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary ages in the Pearl River basin, a watershed of 8,760 square miles. Shallow, water-table reservoirs occur in Quarternary deposits (Pleistocene and Holocene) that blanket most of the uplands in .the southern half of the basin and that are present in smaller upland areas and along streams elsewhere. The shallow reservoirs contribute substantially to dry-weather flow of the Strong River and Bogue Chitto and of Holiday, Lower Little, Silver, and Whitesand Creeks, among others. About 3 billion acre-feet of ground water is in storage in the fresh-water section, which extends from the surface to depths ranging from about sea level in the extreme northern part of the basin to more than 3,000 feet below sea level in the southern part of the basin. \r\n\r\nVariations in low flow for different parts of the river basin are closely related to geologic terrane and occurrence of ground water. The upland terrace belt that crosses the south-central part of the basin is underlain by permeable sand and gravel deposits and yields more than 0.20 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area to streamflow, whereas the northern part of the basin, underlain by clay, marl, and fine to medium sand, yields less than 0.05 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area (based on 7-day Q2 minimum flow computed from records). Overall, the potential surface-water supplies are large. \r\n\r\nBecause water is available at shallow depths, most of the deeper aquifers have not been developed anywhere in the basin. At many places in the south, seven or more aquifers could be developed either by tapping one sand in each well or by screening two or more sands in a single well. Well fields each capable, of producing several million gallons of water a day are feasible nearly anywhere in the Pearl River basin. \r\n\r\nWater in nearly all the aquifers is of good to excellent quality and requires little or no treatment for most uses. The water is a soft, sodium bicarbonate type and therefore has a low to moderate dissolved-solids content. Mineral content increases generally downdip in an aquifer. Excessive iron, common in shallow aquifers, is objectionable for some water uses. Water from the streams, except in salty tidal reaches, is less mineralized than ground water; in 10 sites the median dissolved-solids content in streamflow was 50 milligrams per liter or less. \r\n\r\nModerately intensive ground-water development has been made in the Bogalusa area, Louisiana; at the Mississippi Test Facility, Hancock County, Miss. ; and in the Jackson area, Mississippi. Wells with pumping rates of 500 to 1,000 gallons per minute each are common throughout the Pearl River basin, and some deep wells flow more than 3,000 gallons per minute in the coastal lowland areas. Probably 20 million gallons per day of artesian water flows uncontrolled from wells in the southern part of the basin. Ground-water levels, except in the higher altitudes, are within 60 feet of the surface, and flowing wells are common in the valleys and in the coastal Pine Meadows. Decline of water level is a problem in only a few small areas. \r\n\r\nSaline water as a resource is available for development from aquifers and streams near the coast and from aquifers at considerable depth in most of the Pearl River basin. Pollution is a problem in oil fields and in reaches of some streams below sewage and other waste-disposal points. The basin estuary contains water of variable quality but has potential for certain water-use developments that will require special planning and management.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899M","usgsCitation":"Lang, J.W., 1972, Geohydrologic summary of the Pearl River basin, Mississippi and Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899M.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110039,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25125"},{"id":138153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27641,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27642,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247102,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899m/plate-table_1.pdf","size":"1286","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, Joseph W.","contributorId":30211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3582,"text":"cir672 - 1972 - Ground motion values for use in the seismic design of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-18T22:06:11","indexId":"cir672","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"672","title":"Ground motion values for use in the seismic design of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline system","docAbstract":"The proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which would traverse the state north to south from Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic coast to Valdez on Prince William Sound, will be subject to serious earthquake hazards over much of its length. To be acceptable from an environmental standpoint, the pipeline system is to be designed to minimize the potential of oil leakage resulting from seismic shaking, faulting, and seismically induced ground deformation. \r\n\r\nThe design of the pipeline system must accommodate the effects of earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 5.5 to 8.5 as specified in the 'Stipulations for Proposed Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System.' This report characterizes ground motions for the specified earthquakes in terms of peak levels of ground acceleration, velocity, and displacement and of duration of shaking. \r\n\r\nPublished strong motion data from the Western United States are critically reviewed to determine the intensity and duration of shaking within several kilometers of the slipped fault. For magnitudes 5 and 6, for which sufficient near-fault records are available, the adopted ground motion values are based on data. For larger earthquakes the values are based on extrapolations from the data for smaller shocks, guided by simplified theoretical models of the faulting process.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir672","usgsCitation":"Page, R.A., Boore, D., Joyner, W.B., and Coulter, H., 1972, Ground motion values for use in the seismic design of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline system: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 672, iii, 23 p. :illus. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir672.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p. :illus. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30613,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0672/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0672/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coulter, H.W.","contributorId":34490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulter","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5840,"text":"pp506B - 1972 - A rainfall-runoff simulation model for estimation of flood peaks for small drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp506B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"506","chapter":"B","title":"A rainfall-runoff simulation model for estimation of flood peaks for small drainage basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp506B","usgsCitation":"Dawdy, D., Lichty, R.W., and Bergmann, J.M., 1972, A rainfall-runoff simulation model for estimation of flood peaks for small drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 506, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp506B.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0506b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32599,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0506b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lichty, Robert W.","contributorId":7697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergmann, James M.","contributorId":12471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergmann","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48056,"text":"ofr72257 - 1972 - Travel time for solutes, upper Sabine River basin, Texas, April 16-30, 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T16:01:56","indexId":"ofr72257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-257","title":"Travel time for solutes, upper Sabine River basin, Texas, April 16-30, 1972","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sabine River Compact Administration, conducted time-of-travel studies in the Sabine River Basin on April 16-30, 1972. One study was made on the main stem of the Sabine River in four reaches from Lake Tawakoni to Toledo Bend Reservoir, a distance of 219 miles. Two other studies were made on reaches of Lake Fork Creek and Big Sandy Creek. The purpose of these studies was to provide travel-rate data to be used by the Sabine River Authority of Texas in constructing a hydrologic model of the basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sabine River Compact Administration","usgsCitation":"Mills, W.B., 1972, Travel time for solutes, upper Sabine River basin, Texas, April 16-30, 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-257, 2 Plates: 23.37 x 18.72 inches and 23.70 x 19.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72257.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 23.37 x 18.72 inches and 23.70 x 19.28 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72257.JPG"},{"id":84814,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0257/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84815,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0257/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Sabine River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Willard B.","contributorId":29390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38772,"text":"pp585D - 1972 - Vegetation of prairie potholes, North Dakota, in relation to quality of water and other environmental factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T14:06:00","indexId":"pp585D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"585","chapter":"D","title":"Vegetation of prairie potholes, North Dakota, in relation to quality of water and other environmental factors","docAbstract":"<p>Measurements of specific conductance provide an adequate indication of the average salinity of surface waters in natural ponds and lakes of the northern .prairie region. Yearly and seasonal variations in specific conductance were much greater in brackish and subsaline wetlands than in fresh-water areas. The principal vegetational types. Land-use practices of varying brackish to saline wetlands were sulfates and chlorides of sodium and magnesium. In less saline waters, carbonate and bicarbonate salts of calcium and potassium were of greater importance, but as salinity increased, the proportion of these compounds decreased rapidly.</p><p>A major environmental factor controlling the establishment of marsh and aquatic vegetation is the permanence of surface water. Permanence is a measure of the extent to which surface water persists at a given site. Varying degrees of water permanence during the growing season led to the establishment of distinct vegetational types, which were differentiated primarily on the 'basis of community structure or life form of the dominant vegetation.</p><p>Salinity of surface waters was closely correlated with differences in species composition of plant communities found in the principal vegetational types. Land-use practices of varying degrees of intensity also had a secondary influence on species composition. Since an unstable water chemistry is characteristic of most prairie ponds and lakes, it is more reliable to use the plant communities as indicators of average salinity than to use single measurements of specific conductance.</p><p>Characteristic species of wetland vegetational types occupied the central deeper parts of pond and lake basins or occurred as concentric peripheral bands. The wetland vegetational types are wetland low-prairie, wet-meadow, shallow-marsh emergent, deep-marsh emergent, fen emergent, submerged and floating, natural drawdown, cropland drawdown, and cropland tillage vegetation. Combinations of species (plant associations) within these vegetational types were placed in one of six salinity categories designated as fresh, slightly brackish, moderately brackish, brackish, subsaline, and saline. Salt tolerance apparently varied greatly among the various marsh and aquatic plants since the num'ber of species represented in moderately brackish&nbsp;to saline communities decreased markedly with increased salinity of the surface water environment. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of prairie potholes in North Dakota","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp585D","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., and Kantrud, H., 1972, Vegetation of prairie potholes, North Dakota, in relation to quality of water and other environmental factors: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 585, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp585D.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":22019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0585d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48053,"text":"ofr72243 - 1972 - Electric analog model study of the upper White River Basin, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr72243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-243","title":"Electric analog model study of the upper White River Basin, Indiana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72243","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R.W., and Heisel, J.E., 1972, Electric analog model study of the upper White River Basin, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-243, 59 p. ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72243.","productDescription":"59 p. ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, Robert W.","contributorId":13210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heisel, James E.","contributorId":68378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48181,"text":"ofr73220 - 1972 - Hydrochemistry of the Oneida Lake basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T10:01:45","indexId":"ofr73220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-220","title":"Hydrochemistry of the Oneida Lake basin, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Oneida Lake, the largest lake within New York State, supports massive algae blooms that interfere with one of its major uses, recreation. As part of a study of the algae problem, a chemical balance for the lake and its drainage basin has been made. The quantities of major dissolved species entering the lake are determined for each of the hydrochemically homogeneous terrains comprising the basin. The largest terrain, the Tug Hill terrain to the north of the lake contributes more than half the total streamflow to the lake, but is underlain by chemically unreactive bedrock and glacial deposits and its mean annual dissolved-solids contribution is only 0.25 t per d per sq mi (tons per day per square mile). Adjacent to Oneida Lake and extensive to the south and west is the Lake Plain terrain, underlain by sediments from ancestral Oneida Lake and contributing dissolved solids to streams at the moderate rate of 0.57 t per d per sq mi. At the foot of the Appalachian Upland escarpment is the Salina Group terrain, underlain by gypsiferous shales and carbonate rocks, and contributing more dissolved solids than any other terrain--32 t per d per sq mi. Within the Appalachian Upland, in the extreme southern part of the basin are two terrains underlain by glacial sand and gravel and by glacial till and bedrock. Their contributions are 0.58 and 0.85 t per d per sq mi, respectively. Throughout the basin, the dissolved-solid contribution of precipitation is 0.06 t per d per sq mi. Lake input is balanced by lake output for all major species except sulfate and possibly calcium and magnesium, which are retained in the lake.</p><p>Stream nitrogen loads are about 0.0016 t per d per sq mi throughout the basin, a value lower than that typical of undeveloped grassland and forest. In the southern part of the basin, this load is increased to 0.0020 t per d per sq mi by sewered wastes. Nitrogen loads leaving balance those entering the lake.</p><p>Phosphate loads are consistent with the geology of the several terrains and range from 0.0006 to 0.0034 t per d per sq mi. Domestic and industrial wastes, lakeshore cottages, and boaters and recreationists probably contribute not more than 30 percent of the phosphate entering the lake. Phosphate is strongly retained in the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Pearson, F.J., and Meyers, G.S., 1972, Hydrochemistry of the Oneida Lake basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-220, v, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73220.","productDescription":"v, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              40.50544628405211\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.74072265625,\n              40.50544628405211\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.74072265625,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              40.50544628405211\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, F. J. Jr.","contributorId":7696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, George S.","contributorId":10859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}