Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in lowland streams are naturally lower than those in upland streams; however, in some regions where monitoring data are lacking, DO criteria originally established for upland streams have been applied to lowland streams. This study investigated the DO concentrations at which fish and invertebrate assemblages at 35 sites located on lowland streams in southwestern Louisiana began to demonstrate biological thresholds.
Average threshold values for taxa richness, diversity and abundance metrics were 2.6 and 2.3 mg/L for the invertebrate and fish assemblages, respectively. These thresholds are approximately twice the DO concentration that some native fish species are capable of tolerating and are comparable with DO criteria that have been recently applied to some coastal streams in Louisiana and Texas. DO minima >2.5 mg/L were favoured for all but extremely tolerant taxa. Extremely tolerant taxa had respiratory adaptations that gave them a competitive advantage, and their success when DO minima were <2 mg/L could be related more to reductions in competition or predation than to DO concentration directly.
DO generally had an inverse relation to the amount of agriculture in the buffer area; however, DO concentrations at sites with both low and high amounts of agriculture (including three least-disturbed sites) declined to <2.5 mg/L. Thus, although DO fell below a concentration that was identified as an approximate biological threshold, sources of this condition were sometimes natural (allochthonous material) and had little relation to anthropogenic activity.
The Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle in northwestern California transects the Franciscan Complex and southern Klamath Mountains province as well as parts of the Great Valley Complex, northern Great Valley, and southernmost Cascades volcanic province. The tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Klamath province represent slices of oceanic crust, island arcs, and overlying sediment that range largely from Paleozoic to Jurassic in age. The Eastern Klamath terrane forms the nucleus to which the other terranes were added westward, primarily during Jurassic time, and that package was probably accreted to North America during earliest Cretaceous time. The younger Franciscan Complex consists of a sequence of westward younging tectonostratigraphic terranes of late Jurassic to Miocene age that were accreted to North America from mid-Cretaceous through Miocene time, with the easternmost being the most strongly metamorphosed. The marine Great Valley sequence, of late Jurassic and Cretaceous age, was deposited unconformably across the southernmost Klamath rocks, but in turn was underthrust at its western margin by Eastern belt Franciscan rocks. Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic rocks and sediment of the Cascades province extend into the southeastern part of the quadrangle, abutting the northernmost part of the great central valley of California. This map and database represent a digital rendition of Open-File Report 87-257, 1987, by L.A. Fraticelli, J.P. Albers, W.P. Irwin, and M.C. Blake, Jr., with various improvements and additions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121228","usgsCitation":"Fraticelli, L.A., Albers, J., Irwin, W., Blake, M.C., and Wentworth, C.M., 2012, Digital geologic map of the Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1228, Pamphlet: ii, 19 p.; Plate: 39.9 x 38.8 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121228.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 19 p.; Plate: 39.9 x 38.8 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Data Files","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1228.gif"},{"id":398872,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97674.htm"},{"id":263018,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of12-1228-base.zip"},{"id":263017,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of12-1228-mapscan.zip"},{"id":263041,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_map.pdf"},{"id":263014,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_readme.txt"},{"id":263016,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of12-1228-arcpkg.zip"},{"id":263040,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":263023,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/"},{"id":263015,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_metadata.txt"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County, Shasta County, Tehama County, Trinity County","otherGeospatial":"Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf25ae4b0e374086f4665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraticelli, Luis A.","contributorId":25917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraticelli","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albers, John P.","contributorId":55291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, Milton C.","contributorId":115862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Milton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040672,"text":"ofr20121182 - 2012 - Predicting sea-level rise vulnerability of terrestrial habitat and wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T14:23:16","indexId":"ofr20121182","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1182","title":"Predicting sea-level rise vulnerability of terrestrial habitat and wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"If current climate change trends continue, rising sea levels may inundate low-lying islands across the globe, placing island biodiversity at risk. Recent models predict a rise of approximately one meter (1 m) in global sea level by 2100, with larger increases possible in areas of the Pacific Ocean. Pacific Islands are unique ecosystems home to many endangered endemic plant and animal species. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), which extend 1,930 kilometers (km) beyond the main Hawaiian Islands, are a World Heritage Site and part of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. These NWHI support the largest tropical seabird rookery in the world, providing breeding habitat for 21 species of seabirds, 4 endemic land bird species and essential foraging, breeding, or haul-out habitat for other resident and migratory wildlife. In recent years, concern has grown about the increasing vulnerability of the NWHI and their wildlife populations to changing climatic patterns, particularly the uncertainty associated with potential impacts from global sea-level rise (SLR) and storms. In response to the need by managers to adapt future resource protection strategies to climate change variability and dynamic island ecosystems, we have synthesized and down scaled analyses for this important region. This report describes a 2-year study of a remote northwestern Pacific atoll ecosystem and identifies wildlife and habitat vulnerable to rising sea levels and changing climate conditions. A lack of high-resolution topographic data for low-lying islands of the NWHI had previously precluded an extensive quantitative model of the potential impacts of SLR on wildlife habitat. The first chapter (chapter 1) describes the vegetation and topography of 20 islands of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, the distribution and status of wildlife populations, and the predicted impacts for a range of SLR scenarios. Furthermore, this chapter explores the potential effects of SLR on wildlife breeding habitats for each island. The subsequent chapter (chapter 2) details a study of the Laysan Island ecosystem, describing a quantitative model that incorporates SLR, storm wave, and rising groundwater inundation. Wildlife, storm, and oceanographic data allowed for an assessment of the phenological and spatial vulnerability of Laysan Island's breeding bird species to SLR and storms. Using remote sensing and geospatial techniques, we estimated topography, classified vegetation, modeled SLR, and evaluated a range of climate change scenarios. On the basis of high-resolution airborne data collected during 2010-11 (root-mean-squared error = 0.05-0.18 m), we estimated the maximum elevation of 20 individual islands extending from Kure Atoll to French Frigate Shoals (range: 1.8-39.7 m) and computed the mean elevation (1.7 m, standard deviation 1.1 m) across all low-lying islands. We also analyzed general climate models to describe rainfall and temperature scenarios expected to influence adaptation of some plants and animals for this region. Outcomes for the NWHI predicted an increase in temperature of 1.8-2.6 degrees Celsius (°C) and an annual decrease in precipitation of 24.7-76.3 millimeters (mm) across the NWHI by 2100. Our models of passive SLR (excluding wave-driven effects, erosion, and accretion) showed that approximately 4 percent of the total land area in the NWHI will be lost with scenarios of +1.0 m of SLR and 26 percent will be lost with +2.0 m of SLR. Some atolls are especially vulnerable to SLR. For example, at Pearl and Hermes Atoll our analysis indicated substantial habitat losses with 43 percent of the land area inundated at +1.0 m SLR and 92 percent inundated at +2.0 m SLR. Across the NWHI, seven islands will be completely submerged with +2.0 m SLR. The limited global ranges of some tropical nesting birds make them particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts in the NWHI. Climate change scenarios and potential SLR impacts presented here emphasize the need for early climate change adaptation and mitigation planning, especially for species with limited breeding distributions and/or ranges restricted primarily to the low-lying NWHI: Cyperus pennatiformis var. bryanii, Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes), Laysan Albatross (P. immutabilis), Bonin Petrel (Pterodroma hypoleuca), Gray-backed Tern (Onychoprion lunatus), Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis), Laysan Finch (Telespiza cantans), and Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). Furthermore, SLR scenarios that include the effects of wave dynamics and groundwater rise may indicate amplified vulnerability to climate change driven habitat loss on low-lying islands. In chapter 2, we incorporated the combined effects of SLR, dynamic wave-driven inundation, and rising groundwater in a quantitative study specifically for the Laysan Island ecosystem. This is the first hydrodynamic model to simulate the combined impacts of SLR and wave-driven inundation in the NWHI. We developed a high-resolution digital elevation model (mean vertical accuracy of 0.32 m) for the island. Then using recent satellite imagery, geospatial models, and historical oceanographic, storm, and biological data we estimated potential inundation extent, habitat loss, and wildlife population impacts for a range of potential SLR scenarios (0.00, +0.50, +1.00, +1.50, and +2.00 m) that may occur over the next century. Additionally, we estimated the carrying capacity of Laysan Island for five species based on the available population monitoring data and described how potential losses in nesting habitat could influence population dynamics for Black-footed Albatross, Laysan Albatross, Red-footed Booby (Sula sula), Laysan Teal, and Laysan Finch. For some other seabird populations (Masked Booby, S. dactylatra; Brown Booby, S. leucogaster; Great Frigatebird, Fregata minor; and Sooty Tern, Onychoprion fuscata), we used recent colony distribution data, land cover maps, and nesting behavior to estimate potential losses of nesting habitat from SLR and wave-driven inundation. We observed far greater potential impacts of SLR to wildlife with the dynamic wave-driven modeling approach than with the passive modeling approach. Depending on SLR scenario and coastal orientation, during storms under a +2.00 m SLR scenario, the wave-driven inundation model predicted three times more inundation than the passive model (17.2 percent of total terrestrial area versus 4.6 percent, respectively). Large-wave events generally added 1 m of water height to passive inundation surfaces, therefore our dynamic models (during storm events) forecasted comparable inundation extents earlier than passive models. Although wave-driven water levels were highest in the northwest quadrant of Laysan Island, the greatest extent of inundation occurred in the southeast where coastal dunes less than 3 m above mean sea level provide little protection from wave-driven inundation. When wave-driven inundation was included in the SLR model for Laysan Island greater nesting habitat loss and potential impacts on wildlife population dynamics were predicted. The consequences of habitat loss due to SLR may be worse for species with colonies in the wave-exposed coastal zones (for example, Black-footed Albatross) and for populations already near the island's carrying capacity (for example, Laysan Teal). Species whose peak incubation and chick-rearing periods coincide with seasonally high wave heights also will be increasingly vulnerable, especially those species nesting on the ground in areas vulnerable to inundation, such as Gray-backed Tern and Black-footed Albatross. Other species that have space for population growth, or are not restricted to a narrow range of habitat types on Laysan (for instance, Sooty Terns), may be less sensitive to habitat loss from SLR over the next century. Our assessments of inundation risk, habitat loss, and wildlife species vulnerability synthesize current knowledge about individual islands and contribute to a broader understanding of the impacts of inundation from SLR and storm-induced waves. Yet, most NWHI and their bird populations lack monitoring data to evaluate adaptations to and impacts of climate change. Exceptions include some data sets from long-term monitoring of wildlife populations, tides, or weather at French Frigate Shoals, Laysan Island, and Midway Atoll. These data sets are potentially valuable baselines, which could be informative for adaptive learning (integrating management and science) to predict, adapt, and mitigate the effects of climate change on NWHI wildlife in the future. This study provides the first quantitative vulnerability assessment for all of the low-lying NWHI, and results identify biological communities, locales, and resident endangered species of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument expected to be at risk from SLR. This report is also intended as a reference for managers and conservation planners, a tool to identify and potentially reduce uncertainty, and a starting place for developing climate change monitoring priorities and future scientific studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121182","collaboration":"Chapter 1: Climate change vulnerability assessment of the low-lying northwestern Hawaiian Islands; Chapter 2: Sea-level rise and wave-driven inundation models for Laysan Island","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M.H., Berkowitz, P., Courtot, K., and Krause, C.M., 2012, Predicting sea-level rise vulnerability of terrestrial habitat and wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1182, ix, 139 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121182.","productDescription":"ix, 139 p.","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P5WHVH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Sea-level Rise Scenarios and Models 2010-2015"},{"id":263022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1182.gif"},{"id":263021,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1182/of2012-1182.pdf"},{"id":263020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1182/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,10.0 ], [ -180.0,33.0 ], [ -150.0,33.0 ], [ -150.0,10.0 ], [ -180.0,10.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf2bce4b0e374086f468b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509100,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkowitz, Paul pberkowitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"Paul","email":"pberkowitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509101,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Courtot, Karen N.","contributorId":26909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtot","given":"Karen N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, Crystal M.","contributorId":101919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkowitz, Paul pberkowitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"Paul","email":"pberkowitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Courtot, Karen N.","contributorId":26909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtot","given":"Karen N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, Crystal M.","contributorId":101919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040679,"text":"fs20123126 - 2012 - Mapping grasslands suitable for cellulosic biofuels in the Greater Platte River Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-08T14:38:17","indexId":"fs20123126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3126","title":"Mapping grasslands suitable for cellulosic biofuels in the Greater Platte River Basin, United States","docAbstract":"Biofuels are an important component in the development of alternative energy supplies, which is needed to achieve national energy independence and security in the United States. The most common biofuel product today in the United States is corn-based ethanol; however, its development is limited because of concerns about global food shortages, livestock and food price increases, and water demand increases for irrigation and ethanol production. Corn-based ethanol also potentially contributes to soil erosion, and pesticides and fertilizers affect water quality. Studies indicate that future potential production of cellulosic ethanol is likely to be much greater than grain- or starch-based ethanol. As a result, economics and policy incentives could, in the near future, encourage expansion of cellulosic biofuels production from grasses, forest woody biomass, and agricultural and municipal wastes. If production expands, cultivation of cellulosic feedstock crops, such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus species), is expected to increase dramatically. The main objective of this study is to identify grasslands in the Great Plains that are potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock (such as switchgrass) production. Producing ethanol from noncropland holdings (such as grassland) will minimize the effects of biofuel developments on global food supplies. Our pilot study area is the Greater Platte River Basin, which includes a broad range of plant productivity from semiarid grasslands in the west to the fertile corn belt in the east. The Greater Platte River Basin was the subject of related U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) integrated research projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123126","usgsCitation":"Wylie, B.K., and Gu, Y., 2012, Mapping grasslands suitable for cellulosic biofuels in the Greater Platte River Basin, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3126, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123126.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-038945","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263031,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3126/"},{"id":263032,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3126/FS2012-3126.pdf"},{"id":263033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3126.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Nebraska;South Dakota;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Platte River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.790000,38.570000 ], [ -107.790000,44.450000 ], [ -95.310000,44.450000 ], [ -95.310000,38.570000 ], [ -107.790000,38.570000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf293e4b0e374086f467b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040673,"text":"ds710 - 2012 - Recently Active Traces of the Berryessa Fault, California: A Digital Database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T09:24:19","indexId":"ds710","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"710","title":"Recently Active Traces of the Berryessa Fault, California: A Digital Database","docAbstract":"The purpose of this map is to show the location of and evidence for recent movement on active fault traces within the Berryessa section and parts of adjacent sections of the Green Valley Fault Zone, California. The location and recency of the mapped traces is primarily based on geomorphic expression of the fault as interpreted from large-scale 2010 aerial photography and from 2007 and 2011 0.5 and 1.0 meter bare-earth LiDAR imagery (that is, high-resolution topographic data). In a few places, evidence of fault creep and offset Holocene strata in trenches and natural exposures have confirmed the activity of some of these traces. This publication is formatted both as a digital database for use within a geographic information system (GIS) and for broader public access as map images that may be browsed on-line or download a summary map. The report text describes the types of scientific observations used to make the map, gives references pertaining to the fault and the evidence of faulting, and provides guidance for use of and limitations of the map.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds710","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., 2012, Recently Active Traces of the Berryessa Fault, California: A Digital Database: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 710, HTML Document; Report: vi, 12 p.; 1 Plate; Symbols and Abbreviations File; GIS data; Virtual Tour, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds710.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: vi, 12 p.; 1 Plate; Symbols and Abbreviations File; GIS data; Virtual Tour","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263027,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/710/"},{"id":263028,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/710/text.html"},{"id":263029,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/710/download_map.html"},{"id":263030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_710.jpg"},{"id":263045,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/710/GIS_data.html"},{"id":263046,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/710/bf_tour_files/Berryessa_Fault.kmz"},{"id":263044,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/710/symbols_abbrev.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Green Valley Fault Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.25,37.0 ], [ -123.25,39.0 ], [ -122.2,39.0 ], [ -122.2,37.0 ], [ -123.25,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf2d2e4b0e374086f4698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040695,"text":"sir20125168 - 2012 - Construction of estimated flow- and load-duration curves for Kentucky using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T12:15:41","indexId":"sir20125168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5168","title":"Construction of estimated flow- and load-duration curves for Kentucky using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER)","docAbstract":"Flow- and load-duration curves were constructed from the model outputs of the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER) application for streams in Kentucky. The WATER application was designed to access multiple geospatial datasets to generate more than 60 years of statistically based streamflow data for Kentucky. The WATER application enables a user to graphically select a site on a stream and generate an estimated hydrograph and flow-duration curve for the watershed upstream of that point. The flow-duration curves are constructed by calculating the exceedance probability of the modeled daily streamflows. User-defined water-quality criteria and (or) sampling results can be loaded into the WATER application to construct load-duration curves that are based on the modeled streamflow results. Estimates of flow and streamflow statistics were derived from TOPographically Based Hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL) simulations in the WATER application. A modified TOPMODEL code, SDP-TOPMODEL (Sinkhole Drainage Process-TOPMODEL) was used to simulate daily mean discharges over the period of record for 5 karst and 5 non-karst watersheds in Kentucky in order to verify the calibrated model. A statistical evaluation of the model's verification simulations show that calibration criteria, established by previous WATER application reports, were met thus insuring the model's ability to provide acceptably accurate estimates of discharge at gaged and ungaged sites throughout Kentucky. Flow-duration curves are constructed in the WATER application by calculating the exceedence probability of the modeled daily flow values. The flow-duration intervals are expressed as a percentage, with zero corresponding to the highest stream discharge in the streamflow record. Load-duration curves are constructed by applying the loading equation (Load = Flow*Water-quality criterion) at each flow interval.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., Newson, J.K., Williamson, T., and Nelson, H.L., 2012, Construction of estimated flow- and load-duration curves for Kentucky using the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5168, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125168.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5168.gif"},{"id":263067,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5168/"},{"id":263068,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5168/pdf/sir2012-5168_report_508_rev110612.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.5715,36.4972 ], [ -89.5715,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,39.1475 ], [ -81.965,36.4972 ], [ -89.5715,36.4972 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e3412e4b0cbd9af3af72b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newson, Jeremy K. jknewson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newson","given":"Jeremy","email":"jknewson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. tnwillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja N.","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040651,"text":"ofr20121222 - 2012 - Microbial source tracking markers at three inland recreational lakes in Ohio, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-07T10:33:02","indexId":"ofr20121222","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1222","title":"Microbial source tracking markers at three inland recreational lakes in Ohio, 2011","docAbstract":"During the 2011 recreational season, samples were collected for E. coli and microbial source tracking (MST) marker concentrations to begin to understand potential sources of fecal contamination at three inland recreational lakes in Ohio - Buckeye, Atwood, and Tappan Lakes. The results from 32 regular samples, 4 field blanks, and 7 field replicates collected at 5 sites are presented in this report. At the three lakes, the ruminant-associated marker was found most often (57-73 percent of samples) but at estimated quantities, followed by the dog-associated marker (30-43 percent of samples). The human-associated marker was found in 14 and 50 percent of samples from Atwood and Tappan Lakes, respectively, but was not found in any samples from the two Buckeye Lake sites. The gull-associated marker was detected in only two samples, both from Tappan Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121222","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority and Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., and Stelzer, E.A., 2012, Microbial source tracking markers at three inland recreational lakes in Ohio, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1222, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121222.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262981,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1222/"},{"id":262982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1222/pdf/ofr2012-1222.pdf"},{"id":262983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1222.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Atwood Lake;Buckeye Lake;Tappan Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,39.75 ], [ -83.0,41.0 ], [ -80.75,41.0 ], [ -80.75,39.75 ], [ -83.0,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e03f5de4b0fec3206eb4e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040650,"text":"ofr20121173 - 2012 - Upper Clear Creek watershed aquatic chemistry and biota surveys, 2004-5, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-07T09:37:10","indexId":"ofr20121173","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1173","title":"Upper Clear Creek watershed aquatic chemistry and biota surveys, 2004-5, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service and Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, performed a comprehensive aquatic biota survey of the upper Clear Creek watershed, Shasta County, California, during 2004-5. Data collected in this study can provide resource managers with information regarding aquatic resources, watershed degradation, and regional biodiversity within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area. Surveys of water chemistry, bed-sediment chemistry, algae assemblages, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, aquatic vertebrate assemblages, in-stream habitat characteristics, and sediment heterogeneity were conducted at 17 stream sites during both 2004 and 2005, with an additional 4 sites surveyed in 2005. A total of 67 bed-sediment samples were analyzed for major and trace inorganic element concentrations. Forty-six water samples were analyzed for trace metals and nutrients. A total of 224 taxa of invertebrates were collected during these surveys. Eleven fish species, seven of which were native, and two species of larval amphibians, were collected. A total of 24 genera of soft algae and 159 taxa of diatoms were identified. To date, this survey represents the most comprehensive inventory of aquatic resources within Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, and this information can serve as a baseline for future monitoring efforts and to inform management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area","usgsCitation":"Wulff, M.L., May, J., and Brown, L.R., 2012, Upper Clear Creek watershed aquatic chemistry and biota surveys, 2004-5, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1173, Report: vi, 8 p.; Tables 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121173.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; Tables 1-19","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1173/"},{"id":262975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1173/pdf/ofr20121173.pdf"},{"id":262976,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1173/ofr20121173_tables.xlsx"},{"id":262977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1173.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta","otherGeospatial":"Whiskeytown National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.716667,40.55 ], [ -122.716667,40.725 ], [ -122.5,40.725 ], [ -122.5,40.55 ], [ -122.716667,40.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e55ee5e4b0a4aa5bb03d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wulff, Marissa L. 0000-0003-0121-9066 mwulff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-9066","contributorId":1719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"Marissa","email":"mwulff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040649,"text":"cir1379 - 2012 - The United States National Climate Assessment - Alaska Technical Regional Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-08T08:41:59","indexId":"cir1379","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1379","title":"The United States National Climate Assessment - Alaska Technical Regional Report","docAbstract":"The Alaskan landscape is changing, both in terms of effects of human activities as a consequence of increased population, social and economic development and their effects on the local and broad landscape; and those effects that accompany naturally occurring hazards such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Some of the most prevalent changes, however, are those resulting from a changing climate, with both near term and potential upcoming effects expected to continue into the future. Alaska's average annual statewide temperatures have increased by nearly 4°F from 1949 to 2005, with significant spatial variability due to the large latitudinal and longitudinal expanse of the State. Increases in mean annual temperature have been greatest in the interior region, and smallest in the State's southwest coastal regions. In general, however, trends point toward increases in both minimum temperatures, and in fewer extreme cold days. Trends in precipitation are somewhat similar to those in temperature, but with more variability. On the whole, Alaska saw a 10-percent increase in precipitation from 1949 to 2005, with the greatest increases recorded in winter. The National Climate Assessment has designated two well-established scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Nakicenovic and others, 2001) as a minimum set that technical and author teams considered as context in preparing portions of this assessment. These two scenarios are referred to as the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B1 scenarios, which assume either a continuation of recent trends in fossil fuel use (A2) or a vigorous global effort to reduce fossil fuel use (B1). Temperature increases from 4 to 22°F are predicted (to 2070-2099) depending on which emissions scenario (A2 or B1) is used with the least warming in southeast Alaska and the greatest in the northwest. Concomitant with temperature changes, by the end of the 21st century the growing season is expected to lengthen by 15-25 days in some areas of Alaska, with much of that corresponding with earlier spring snow melt. Future projections of precipitation (30-80 years) over Alaska show an increase across the State, with the largest changes in the northwest and smallest in the southeast. Because of increasing temperatures and growing season length, however, increased precipitation may not correspond with increased water availability, due to temperature related increased evapotranspiration. The extent of snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased by about 10 percent since the late 1960s, with stronger trends noted since the late 1980s. Alaska has experienced similar trends, with a strong decrease in snow cover extent occurring in May. When averaged across the State, the disappearance of snow in the spring has occurred from 4 to 6 days earlier per decade, and snow return in fall has occurred approximately 2 days later per decade. This change appears to be driven by climate warming rather than a decrease in winter precipitation, with average winter temperatures also increasing by about 2.5°F. The extent of sea ice has been declining, as has been widely published in both national and scientific media outlets, and is projected to continue to decline during this century. The observed decline in annual sea ice minimum extent (September) has occurred more rapidly than was predicted by climate models and has been accompanied by decreases in ice thickness and in the presence of multi-year ice. This decrease was first documented by satellite imagery in the late 1970s for the Bering and Chukchi Seas, and is projected to continue, with the potential for the disappearance of summer sea ice by mid- to late century. A new phenomenon that was not reported in previous assessments is ocean acidification. Uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by oceans has a significant effect on marine biogeochemistry by reducing seawater pH. Ocean acidification is of particular concern in Alaska, because cold sea water absorbs CO2 more rapidly than warm water, and a decrease in sea ice extent has allowed increased sea surface exposure and more uptake of CO2 into these northern waters. Ocean acidification will likely affect the ability of organisms to produce and maintain shell material, such as aragonite or calcite (calcium carbonate minerals structured from carbonate ions), required by many shelled organism, from mollusks to corals to microscopic organisms at the base of the food chain. Direct biological effects in Alaska further along the food chain have yet to be studied and may vary among organisms. Some of the potentially most significant changes to Alaska that could result from a changing climate are the effects on the terrestrial cryosphere - particularly glaciers and permafrost. Alaskan glaciers are changing at a rapid rate, the primary driver appearing to be temperature. Statewide, glaciers lost 13 cubic miles of ice annually from the 1950s to the 1990s, and that rate doubled in the 2000s. However, like temperature and precipitation, glacier ice loss is not spatially uniform; most glaciers are losing mass, yet some are growing (for example Hubbard Glacier in southeast Alaska). Alaska glaciers with the most rapid loss are those terminating in sea water or lakes. With this increasing rate of melt, the contribution of surplus fresh water entering into the oceans from Alaska's glaciers, as well as those in neighboring British Columbia, Canada, is approximately 20 percent of that contributed by the Greenland Ice Sheet. Permafrost degradation (that is, the thawing of ice-rich soils) is currently (2012) impacting infrastructure and surface-water availability in areas of both discontinuous and continuous ground ice. Over most of the State, the permafrost is warming, with increasing temperatures broadly consistent with increasing air temperatures. On the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, permafrost temperatures showed some cooling in the 1950s and 1960s but have been followed by a roughly 5°F increase since the 1980s. Many areas in the continuous permafrost zone have seen increases in temperature in the seasonally active layer and a decrease in re-freezing rates. Changes in the discontinuous permafrost zone are initially much more observable due to the resulting thermokarst terrain (land surface formed as ice rich permafrost thaws), most notable in boreal forested areas. Climate warming in Alaska has potentially broad implications for human health and food security, especially in rural areas, as well as increased risk for injury with changing winter ice conditions. Additionally, such warming poses the potential for increasing damage to existing water and sanitation facilities and challenges for development of new facilities, especially in areas underlain by permafrost. Non-infectious and infectious diseases also are becoming an increasing concern. For example, from 1999 to 2006 there was a statistically significant increase in medical claims for insectbite reactions in five of six regions of Alaska, with the largest percentage increase occurring in the most northern areas. The availability and quality of subsistence foods, normally considered to be very healthy, may change due to changing access, changing habitats, and spoilage of meat in food storage cellars. These and other trends and potential outcomes resulting from a changing climate are further described in this report. In addition, we describe new science leadership activities that have been initiated to address and provide guidance toward conducting research aimed at making available information for policy makers and land management agencies to better understand, address, and plan for changes to the local and regional environment. This report cites data in both metric and standard units due to the contributions by numerous authors and the direct reference of their data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1379","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., Trainor, S., and Chapin, F.S., 2012, The United States National Climate Assessment - Alaska Technical Regional Report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1379, xiv, 148 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1379.","productDescription":"xiv, 148 p.","numberOfPages":"166","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1379.jpg"},{"id":262978,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1379/"},{"id":262979,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1379/pdf/circ1379.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172.45,51.21 ], [ -172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ -172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf2f2e4b0e374086f46ae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":67122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509084,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trainor, Sarah F.","contributorId":21396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Sarah F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509082,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509083,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":67122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trainor, Sarah F.","contributorId":21396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Sarah F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200641,"text":"70200641 - 2012 - Cambrian–Ordovician sedimentary rocks of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T20:02:27.756573","indexId":"70200641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-06T13:55:42","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cambrian–Ordovician sedimentary rocks of Alaska","docAbstract":"Cambrian-Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks that likely formed as part of the Laurentian continental margin, and may thus have been part of the Cambrian-Ordovician great American carbonate bank, occur in east-central Alaska in the Nation Arch area. These strata accumulated on the southwestern margin (present-day coordinates) of the Yukon stable block, a broad area of early Paleozoic carbonate platform deposition in the northern Yukon Territory, and constitute two successions. The first consists of approximately 900 m (∼2950 ft) of shallow-water limestone and dolostone that are in part silicified, laminated, oolitic, and pisolitic, and make up the lower member of the Jones Ridge Limestone. Conodonts, trilobites, archaeo-cyathids, and brachiopods indicate an age of Early Cambrian to early Early Ordovician (Tremadoc; Ibexian) and have Laurentian biogeographic affinities. Upper Ordovician bio-clastic limestone (the upper member of the Jones Ridge Limestone) unconformably overlies these strata.
A roughly coeval, but somewhat deeper water, succession crops out near the Jones Ridge Limestone and consists of, in ascending order, the Funnel Creek Limestone, Adams Argillite, and Hillard Limestone. The Funnel Creek (15-400 m [50-1310 ft] thick) is mainly nonfossilif-erous, extensively silicified, commonly oolitic limestone and dolostone and is assumed to be Lower Cambrian in age. It is overlain by argillite, siltstone, cross-laminated quartzite, and oolitic to sandy limestone of the Adams Argillite (90-180 m [295-550 ft] thick). This unit contains the trace fossil Oldhamia and Lower Cambrian archaeocyathids and trilobites that have Siberian affinities. The Hillard (30-150 m [100-490 ft] thick) is chiefly limestone, with local ooids, edgewise and boulder conglomerate, and phosphatic horizons, and likely formed in a platform-margin setting. Trilobites and brachiopods from this unit are Early Cambrian to earliest Ordovician in age and have mainly Laurentian affinities. Slope and/or basinal rocks of the Road River Formation that are as old as Early Ordovician (early middle Arenig; Ibexian) unconformably overlie the Hillard Limestone. Abrupt facies transitions between the two Nation Arch area carbonate successions may reflect relatively steep paleoslopes and/or telescoping of facies by imbricate thrust faults.
Carbonate strata of Cambrian–Ordovician age are also found north of the Nation Arch area in the Porcupine terrane. These rocks have been little studied, and their precise Stratigraphic succession and paleogeographic setting are uncertain. The few fossil collections indicate mainly Laurentian affinities and include Cambrian(?) trilobites and Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts. Lower Paleozoic strata of the Porcupine terrane probably formed at or near the northwestern edge (present-day coordinates) of the Yukon stable block.
Cambrian–Ordovician carbonate strata occur widely in northern Alaska (parts of the Arctic Alaska, York, and Seward terranes) and interior Alaska (Farewell terrane). These rocks share distinctive lithologic and faunal features and were deposited in a range of shallow-shelf to basinal environments. Carbonate platform successions in northern and interior Alaska include fossils of both Laurentian and Siberian biotic provinces and may have formed on a single crustal fragment that rifted away from the Siberian craton during the late Proterozoic. These Alaskan strata were most likely in faunal exchange with, but not physically attached to, the great American carbonate bank.
Lower–Middle Ordovician carbonate and siliciclastic rocks are also found in the White Mountains, Livengood, and Ruby terranes of interior Alaska, the Alexander terrane in southeastern Alaska, and the Goodnews terrane in southwestern Alaska. These successions were likely not attached to Laurentia during their deposition, although some authors have proposed Laurentian origins for the White Mountains and Livengood terranes.
Little detailed information is available on the resource potential of Cambrian–Ordovician successions in Alaska. Most have low porosity and are too thermally mature to be prospective for oil and gas, although a few units in east-central and northern Alaska may have some potential as petroleum source and reservoir rocks. Strata of this age have potential for metallic mineral resources; strata-bound Zn-Pb ± Ag occurrences are known in the Funnel Creek Limestone in east-central Alaska, as well as several units of possible Cambrian and/or Ordovician age in northern and interior Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Harris, A.G., 2012, Cambrian–Ordovician sedimentary rocks of Alaska, chap. of The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia, p. 649-673.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"673","ipdsId":"IP-019880","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359089,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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C.A.","contributorId":113505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternbach","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750558,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202104,"text":"70202104 - 2012 - Progress on archiving, delivering, and working with planetary data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T10:36:34","indexId":"70202104","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-06T10:35:02","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress on archiving, delivering, and working with planetary data","docAbstract":"Planetary Data: A Workshop for Users and Software Developers 2012; Flagstaff, Ariz., 25–29 June 2012 The recent boom in the volume of data returned by planetary science missions continues to delight and confound users. Recently the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) has seen an approximately 50‐fold increase in the amount of archived data and now serves nearly half a petabyte. Within 5 years, this volume likely will approach 1 petabyte. While archivists, users, and developers have done a creditable job of providing search and download functions and analysis and visualization tools, the wealth of data necessitates more discussion between users and developers about current limitations and desired improvements.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012EO450008","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Hare, T.M., and Beyer, R., 2012, Progress on archiving, delivering, and working with planetary data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 45, p. 457-457, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO450008.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"457","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012eo450008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beyer, Ross","contributorId":71607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040656,"text":"70040656 - 2012 - Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals: Rodentia (Sciuromorpha and Castorimorpha) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T16:43:46.178377","indexId":"70040656","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3398,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals: Rodentia (Sciuromorpha and Castorimorpha) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution","docAbstract":"The type collection of Recent mammals in the Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, contains 843 specimens bearing names of 820 species group taxa of Rodentia (Sciuromorpha and Castorimorpha) as of July 2011. This catalog presents a list of these holdings, which comprise 798 holotypes, 14 lectotypes, seven syntypes (30 specimens), and one neotype. In addition, we include three holotypes and 10 specimens that are part of syntype series that should be in the collection but cannot be found and three syntypes that were originally in this collection but are now known to be in other collections. One specimen that no longer has name-bearing status is included for the record. Forty-one of the names are new since the last type catalog. One new lectotype is designated. Suborders and families are listed as in Wilson and Reeder. Within families, currently recognized genera are arranged alphabetically. Within each currently recognized genus, accounts are arranged alphabetically by original published name. Information in each account includes original name and abbreviated citation thereto, current name if other than original, citation for first use of current name combination for the taxon (or new name combination if used herein for the first time), type designation, U.S. National Museum catalog number(s), preparation, age and sex, type locality, date of collection and name of collector, collector’s original number, and comments or additional information as appropriate. Digital photographs of each specimen serve as a condition report and will be linked to each electronic specimen record.","language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press","doi":"10.5479/si.19436696.642","usgsCitation":"Fisher, R.D., and Ludwig, C.A., 2012, Catalog of type specimens of recent mammals: Rodentia (Sciuromorpha and Castorimorpha) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 642, iv, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.5479/si.19436696.642.","productDescription":"iv, 125 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036083","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5479/si.19436696.642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"642","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8da65e4b0af4069e43702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Robert D. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rdfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":3913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rdfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, Craig A.","contributorId":19045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040624,"text":"sir20125219 - 2012 - Grain-size distribution and selected major and trace element concentrations in bed-sediment cores from the Lower Granite Reservoir and Snake and Clearwater Rivers, eastern Washington and northern Idaho, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T16:26:21","indexId":"sir20125219","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5219","title":"Grain-size distribution and selected major and trace element concentrations in bed-sediment cores from the Lower Granite Reservoir and Snake and Clearwater Rivers, eastern Washington and northern Idaho, 2010","docAbstract":"Lower Granite Dam impounds the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in eastern Washington and northern Idaho, forming Lower Granite Reservoir. Since 1975, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has dredged sediment from the Lower Granite Reservoir and the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in eastern Washington and northern Idaho to keep navigation channels clear and to maintain the flow capacity. In recent years, other Federal agencies, Native American governments, and special interest groups have questioned the negative effects that dredging might have on threatened or endangered species. To help address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected and analyzed bed-sediment core samples (hereinafter cores) in Lower Granite Reservoir and impounded or backwater affected parts of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers. Cores were collected during the spring and fall of 2010 from submerged sampling locations in the Lower Granite Reservoir, and Snake and Clearwater Rivers. A total of 69 cores were collected by using one or more of the following corers: piston, gravity, vibrating, or box. From these 69 cores, 185 subsamples were removed and submitted for grain size analyses, 50 of which were surficial-sediment subsamples. Fifty subsamples were also submitted for major and trace elemental analyses. Surficial-sediment subsamples from cores collected from sites at the lower end of the reservoir near the dam, where stream velocities are lower, generally had the largest percentages of silt and clay (more than 80 percent). Conversely, all of the surficial-sediment subsamples collected from sites in the Snake River had less than 20 percent silt and clay. Most of the surficial-sediment subsamples collected from sites in the Clearwater River contained less than 40 percent silt and clay. Surficial-sediment subsamples collected near midchannel at the confluence generally had more silt and clay than most surficial-sediment subsamples collected from sites on the Snake and Clearwater Rivers or even sites further downstream in Lower Granite Reservoir. Two cores collected at the confluence and all three cores collected on the Clearwater River immediately upstream from the confluence were extracted from a thick sediment deposit as shown by the cross section generated from the bathymetric surveys. The thick sediment deposits at the confluence and on the Clearwater River may be associated with floods in 1996 and 1997 on the Clearwater River.
\nFifty subsamples from 15 cores were analyzed for major and trace elements. Concentrations of trace elements were low, with respect to sediment quality guidelines, in most cores. Typically, major and trace element concentrations were lower in the subsamples collected from the Snake River compared to those collected from the Clearwater River, the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers, and Lower Granite Reservoir. Generally, lower concentrations of major and trace elements were associated with coarser sediments (larger than 0.0625 millimeter) and higher concentrations of major and trace elements were associated with finer sediments (smaller than 0.0625 millimeter).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., Wilson, J.T., Van Metre, P., Weakland, R.J., Fosness, R.L., and Williams, M.L., 2012, Grain-size distribution and selected major and trace element concentrations in bed-sediment cores from the Lower Granite Reservoir and Snake and Clearwater Rivers, eastern Washington and northern Idaho, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5219, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125219.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035056","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5219.gif"},{"id":262969,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5219/pdf/sir2012-5219.pdf"},{"id":262968,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5219/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universe Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, Granite Reservoir, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,46.366667 ], [ -117.5,46.666667 ], [ -117.0,46.666667 ], [ -117.0,46.366667 ], [ -117.5,46.366667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509a3176e4b04d64aa094c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weakland, Rhonda J. weakland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weakland","given":"Rhonda","email":"weakland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040641,"text":"ds731 - 2012 - Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-06T15:57:44","indexId":"ds731","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"731","title":"Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011","docAbstract":"Previous investigations indicate that concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds are substantial in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural attenuation processes was the preferred remedy selected by the U.S. Navy, as specified in the Record of Decision for the site. The U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations on the landfill in spring 1999 to remove and to control the migration of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater. The U.S. Geological Survey has continued to monitor groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified in the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data collected at Operable Unit 1 by the U.S. Geological Survey during June 20-22, 2011, in support of long-term monitoring for natural attenuation. In 2011, groundwater samples were collected from 13 wells and 9 piezometers. Samples from all wells and piezometers were analyzed for redox sensitive constituents and dissolved gases, and samples from 5 of 13 wells and all piezometers also were analyzed for chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of redox sensitive constituents measured in 2011 were consistent with previous years, with dissolved oxygen concentrations all at 0.4 milligram per liter or less; little to no detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and commonly detected sulfide. The reductive declorination byproducts - methane, ethane, and ethene - were either not detected in samples collected from the upgradient wells in the landfill and the upper aquifer beneath the northern phytoremediation plantation or were detected at concentrations less than those measured in 2010. Chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations in 2011 at most piezometers were similar to or slightly less than chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations measured in previous years. For the upper aquifer beneath the southern phytoremediation plantation, chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations in 2011 in groundwater from the piezometers were extremely high and continued to vary considerably over space and between years. At piezometer P1-9, the total chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations increased from 9,500 micrograms per liter in 2010 to more than 44,000 micrograms per liter in 2011. Total chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations decreased at piezometers P1-6, P1-7, and P1-10 compared to the concentrations measured in 2010. One or both of the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were detected at all piezometers and three of the four wells in the southern plantation. For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of redox sensitive constituents and chlorinated volatile organic compounds in 2011 were consistent with concentrations measured in previous years, with the exception of notable decreases in sulfate and chloride concentrations at well MW1-28. Concentrations of the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene decreased at wells MW1-25 and MW1-28 compared to previously measured concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities, Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Huffman, R.L., and Frans, L., 2012, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 731, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds731.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-040805","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_731.jpg"},{"id":262971,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/731/"},{"id":262972,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/731/pdf/ds731.pdf"}],"projection":"Washington State Plane, North Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Dogfish Bay;Liberty Bay;Naval Undersea Warfare Center;Division Keyport","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.633333,47.686111 ], [ -122.633333,47.708333 ], [ -122.608333,47.708333 ], [ -122.608333,47.686111 ], [ -122.633333,47.686111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509a317be4b04d64aa094c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, L.M.","contributorId":74803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}