{"pageNumber":"1599","pageRowStart":"39950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":939,"text":"wsp1973 - 1972 - Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T13:54:14","indexId":"wsp1973","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1973","title":"Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Kalamazoo County comprises an area of 572 square miles in the southwestern part of Michigan. It includes parts of the Kalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Paw Paw River basins, which drain into Lake Michigan. The northern two-thirds of the county is drained by the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries. A small area in the western piart of the county is drained by the Paw Paw River, and the rest, by tributaries of the St. Joseph River. Glacial deposits, containing sand and gravel, form an upper aquifer and a lower aquifer underlying large parts of the county. Areas of high transmissibility and thick saturated deposits are sufficiently localized to be considered as separate ground-water reservoirs having limited areal extent and definite hydrologic boundaries. </p><p>Ground-water runoff from the basins constitutes a large part of the streamflow. Hydrograph separation shows that ground-water runoff composed 65 and 73 percent of the discharge of Kalamazoo River at Comstock and 75 and 79 percent of the discharge of Portage River near Vicksburg in 1965 and 1966, respectively. Based on the hydrologic budgets for the same years, ground-water recharge was 9.1 and 9.0 inches in the Kalamazoo River basin and 12.2 and 11.6 inches in the St. Joseph River basin. </p><p>Ground-water recharge in the Kalamazoo River basin extrapolated for the 34-year period 1933-66 ranged from 4 to 13 inches and averaged 9 inches. In the St. Joseph River basin average recharge was about 9 inches for the same period. </p><p>There is a wide range in runoff in the county. Augusta Creek, Portage Creek near Kalamazoo, and Gourdneck Creek have the highest annual runoff and maintain high yields even during periods of deficient precipitation. Spring Brook also reflects large ground-water contributions to streamflow. Storage in these basins could provide additional water during low flows for municipal and industrial needs. </p><p>The primary use of lakes in the county is for recreational and esthetic purposes. Maintaining lake levels is therefore of the utmost importance. Levels at Crooked and Eagle Lakes have been maintained by pumping from lower aquifers. Diversion of water from Gourdneck Creek to West and Austin Lakes has helped in maintaining levels. Several relatively undeveloped lakes could be utilized as reservoirs whose storage could be used to augment streamflow or for water supply.</p><p>Water in streams is generally of good chemical quality; however, several streams, including the Kalamazoo River downstream from Kalamazoo, have been degraded by municipal and industrial waste disposal. Water in the lakes is generally of good chemical quality with the exception of Barton Lake, which has been degraded by waste disposal. </p><p>There is sufficient surface water available in Kalamazoo County to meet requirements for development of large quantities of water. The total available supply (average discharge of a stream) is about 680 mgd (million gallons per day). The dependable supply (7-day <i>Q</i><sub>2</sub>, or average 7-day low flow having a recurrence interval of 2 years) is about 303 mgd. By developing artificial recharge facilities, surface runoff during winter and spring could be utilized to recharge ground-water reservoirs. </p><p>Surface-water withdrawal in 1966 was about 58 mgd, of which 33 mgd was withdrawn from the Kalamazoo River. The quantity of water now being withdrawn from the ground and surface sources is small compared to the total that may be obtained in the area through full utilization of these resources. </p><p>Mathematical models were used to simulate hydrologic conditions in the ground-water reservoirs and to evaluate maximum drawdowns for periods of little or no recharge. The practical limits of development as determined for the ground-water reservoirs are estimated to be at the following average withdrawal rates: Kalamazoo, 39 .mgd; Schoolcraft, 17 mgd; Kalamazoo-Portage, 24 mgd; and several small reservoirs, 67 mgd. These total 147 mgd. Further development would require additional artificial recharge facilities. </p><p>Average ground-water withdrawal in 1966 was about 54 mgd. The Kalamazoo River ground-water reservoir furnished about 28 mgd, the Kalamazoo-Portage ground-water reservoir, about 21 mgd, and the other reservoirs, about 5 mgd. Thus, further development without artificial recharge is estimated to be about 11 mgd in the Kalamazoo River reservoir, 17 mgd in the Schoolcraft reservoir, 62 mgd in the several small reservoirs, and only 3 mgd in the Kalamazoo-Portage reservoir.</p><p>The ground water is generally of good chemical quality and is suitable for most uses; however, it is Usually very hard and may contain objectionable amounts of iron. Some deterioration of water quality- has .been observed in several areas because of seepage from stockpiles of industrial minerals. </p><p>The presence of many inland lakes, streams having high ground-water runoff, and, in places, relatively undeveloped ground-water reservoirs provides -flexibility in water management. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1973","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Kalamazoo County and the State of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Allen, W.B., Miller, J.B., and Wood, W., 1972, Availability of water in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1973, Document: vii, 129 p.; 9 Plates: 30.50 x 40.85 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1973.","productDescription":"Document: vii, 129 p.; 9 Plates: 30.50 x 40.85 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25416,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25417,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25418,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25419,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25420,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25421,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25422,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25423,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25424,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94694,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1973/report.pdf","size":"9491","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kalamazoo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5421,42.4195],[-85.5328,42.4194],[-85.4172,42.4199],[-85.3091,42.4185],[-85.2979,42.4188],[-85.2969,42.3361],[-85.297,42.3298],[-85.2967,42.2721],[-85.296,42.2448],[-85.295,42.159],[-85.2928,42.0717],[-85.4102,42.0714],[-85.5301,42.0714],[-85.6427,42.0704],[-85.7638,42.0698],[-85.7654,42.157],[-85.7663,42.4196],[-85.5421,42.4195]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kalamazoo\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, William Burrows","contributorId":13596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Burrows","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, John B.","contributorId":37304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":142890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48191,"text":"ofr73242 - 1972 - Electrical analog model study of the alluvial aquifer in the Yabucoa Valley, Puerto Rico; Phase 2, the planning, construction, and use of the model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:46","indexId":"ofr73242","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-242","title":"Electrical analog model study of the alluvial aquifer in the Yabucoa Valley, Puerto Rico; Phase 2, the planning, construction, and use of the model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73242","usgsCitation":"Robison, T.M., and Anders, R.B., 1972, Electrical analog model study of the alluvial aquifer in the Yabucoa Valley, Puerto Rico; Phase 2, the planning, construction, and use of the model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-242, 47 p. : maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73242.","productDescription":"47 p. : maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60727c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robison, Tully M.","contributorId":77969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"Tully","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, Robert B.","contributorId":44125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48056,"text":"ofr72257 - 1972 - Travel time for solutes, upper Sabine River basin, Texas, April 16-30, 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T16:01:56","indexId":"ofr72257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-257","title":"Travel time for solutes, upper Sabine River basin, Texas, April 16-30, 1972","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sabine River Compact Administration, conducted time-of-travel studies in the Sabine River Basin on April 16-30, 1972. One study was made on the main stem of the Sabine River in four reaches from Lake Tawakoni to Toledo Bend Reservoir, a distance of 219 miles. Two other studies were made on reaches of Lake Fork Creek and Big Sandy Creek. The purpose of these studies was to provide travel-rate data to be used by the Sabine River Authority of Texas in constructing a hydrologic model of the basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sabine River Compact Administration","usgsCitation":"Mills, W.B., 1972, Travel time for solutes, upper Sabine River basin, Texas, April 16-30, 1972: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-257, 2 Plates: 23.37 x 18.72 inches and 23.70 x 19.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72257.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 23.37 x 18.72 inches and 23.70 x 19.28 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72257.JPG"},{"id":84814,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0257/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84815,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0257/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Sabine River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Willard B.","contributorId":29390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48053,"text":"ofr72243 - 1972 - Electric analog model study of the upper White River Basin, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr72243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-243","title":"Electric analog model study of the upper White River Basin, Indiana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72243","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R.W., and Heisel, J.E., 1972, Electric analog model study of the upper White River Basin, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-243, 59 p. ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72243.","productDescription":"59 p. ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, Robert W.","contributorId":13210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heisel, James E.","contributorId":68378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48181,"text":"ofr73220 - 1972 - Hydrochemistry of the Oneida Lake basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T10:01:45","indexId":"ofr73220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-220","title":"Hydrochemistry of the Oneida Lake basin, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Oneida Lake, the largest lake within New York State, supports massive algae blooms that interfere with one of its major uses, recreation. As part of a study of the algae problem, a chemical balance for the lake and its drainage basin has been made. The quantities of major dissolved species entering the lake are determined for each of the hydrochemically homogeneous terrains comprising the basin. The largest terrain, the Tug Hill terrain to the north of the lake contributes more than half the total streamflow to the lake, but is underlain by chemically unreactive bedrock and glacial deposits and its mean annual dissolved-solids contribution is only 0.25 t per d per sq mi (tons per day per square mile). Adjacent to Oneida Lake and extensive to the south and west is the Lake Plain terrain, underlain by sediments from ancestral Oneida Lake and contributing dissolved solids to streams at the moderate rate of 0.57 t per d per sq mi. At the foot of the Appalachian Upland escarpment is the Salina Group terrain, underlain by gypsiferous shales and carbonate rocks, and contributing more dissolved solids than any other terrain--32 t per d per sq mi. Within the Appalachian Upland, in the extreme southern part of the basin are two terrains underlain by glacial sand and gravel and by glacial till and bedrock. Their contributions are 0.58 and 0.85 t per d per sq mi, respectively. Throughout the basin, the dissolved-solid contribution of precipitation is 0.06 t per d per sq mi. Lake input is balanced by lake output for all major species except sulfate and possibly calcium and magnesium, which are retained in the lake.</p><p>Stream nitrogen loads are about 0.0016 t per d per sq mi throughout the basin, a value lower than that typical of undeveloped grassland and forest. In the southern part of the basin, this load is increased to 0.0020 t per d per sq mi by sewered wastes. Nitrogen loads leaving balance those entering the lake.</p><p>Phosphate loads are consistent with the geology of the several terrains and range from 0.0006 to 0.0034 t per d per sq mi. Domestic and industrial wastes, lakeshore cottages, and boaters and recreationists probably contribute not more than 30 percent of the phosphate entering the lake. Phosphate is strongly retained in the lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Pearson, F.J., and Meyers, G.S., 1972, Hydrochemistry of the Oneida Lake basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-220, v, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73220.","productDescription":"v, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372612,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0220/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              40.50544628405211\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.74072265625,\n              40.50544628405211\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.74072265625,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              40.50544628405211\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, F. J. Jr.","contributorId":7696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, George S.","contributorId":10859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12786,"text":"ofr7251 - 1972 - Geological and geophysical investigations of an Apollo 9 photo anomaly near Point of Pines, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-30T15:22:01.296707","indexId":"ofr7251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-51","title":"Geological and geophysical investigations of an Apollo 9 photo anomaly near Point of Pines, Arizona","docAbstract":"An infrared photograph of southeastern Arizona, taken during the Apollo 9 multispectral terrain photography experiment in 1969, reveals a ringlike feature, some 3-4 miles (5-6 kin) in diameter, on the Natanes Plateau, 35 miles (56 kin) north of the town of Safford. Because the feature occurs in an area of nearly flat lying Tertiary volcanic rocks, the possibilities of its being a small collapse caldera or an exposed circular intrusive body were considered. Geological and geophysical studies of the area were made to test these hypotheses. \r\n\r\nThe local stratigraphic section consists of approximately 1,500 feet (457 m) of Oligocene and perhaps older volcanic rocks, resting on a moderately irregular basement surface carved from nearly flat lying trending Basin-and-Range faults define a broad horst within which two arcuate cross faults, with 300-600 feet (91-183 m) of displacement, bound a downdropped area. Deep erosion along these faults has created a polygonal network of canyons which constitutes the 'ring' seen on the photograph. A mild arching of the volcanic rocks within the ring is suggested by structure contours on the base of the youngest flows. \r\n\r\nA sharp 350-gamma positive aeromagnetic anomaly is centered within the ring. In its southwest quadrant the anomaly has an elongate extension that trends northwest along an adjoining Basin-and-Range fault. Associated with both is a subtle gravity low. The geophysical data thus suggest the presence of a small blind silicic pluton, possibly of middle Tertiary or younger age. Although it can be argued that the arcuate faults and mild arching of the volcanic pile are related to this postulated pluton, no evidence of hydrothermal alteration or thermal metamorphism of the country rocks was seen. Thus if a pluton is present and of postvolcanic age, it must have been emplaced as a relatively cool dry body; or alternatively, it is older than the surface volcanic rocks. In either instance, its magnetic expression contrasts with that of the known mineralized Laramide porphyry intrusive bodies of the region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7251","usgsCitation":"Bromfield, C., Eaton, G.P., Peterson, D.L., and Ratte, J., 1972, Geological and geophysical investigations of an Apollo 9 photo anomaly near Point of Pines, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-51, Report: ii, 19 p.; 11 Plates: 45.00 × 42.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7251.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 19 p.; 11 Plates: 45.00 × 42.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41191,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41190,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41189,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41188,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41187,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":106541,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8739.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8739"},{"id":41196,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41195,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41194,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41193,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41192,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0051/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Point of Pines","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.875,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6250,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6250,\n              33.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.875,\n              33.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.875,\n              33.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromfield, Calvin S.","contributorId":98690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromfield","given":"Calvin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, G. P.","contributorId":86334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratte, J.C.","contributorId":10416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2323,"text":"wsp2005 - 1972 - Model hydrographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005","title":"Model hydrographs","docAbstract":"Model hydrographs are composed of pairs of dimensionless ratios, arrayed in tabular form, which, when modified by the appropriate values of rainfall exceed and by the time and areal characteristics of the drainage basin, satisfactorily represent the flood hydrograph for the basin. \r\n\r\nModel bydrographs are developed from a dimensionless translation hydrograph, having a time base of T hours and appropriately modified for storm duration by routing through reservoir storage, S=kOx. Models fall into two distinct classes: (1) those for which the value of x is unity and which have all the characteristics of true unit hydrographs and (2) those for which the value of x is other than unity and to which the unit-hydrograph principles of proportionality and superposition do not apply. \r\n\r\nTwenty-six families of linear models and eight families of nonlinear models in tabular form from the principal subject of this report. Supplemental discussions describe the development of the models and illustrate their application. Other sections of the report, supplemental to the tables, describe methods of determining the hydrograph characteristics, T, k, and x, both from observed hydrograph and from the physical characteristics of the drainage basin. \r\n\r\nFive illustrative examples of use show that the models, when properly converted to incorporate actual rainfall excess and the time and areal characteristics of the drainage basins, do indeed satisfactorily represent the observed flood hydrographs for the basins.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2005","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, W.D., 1972, Model hydrographs: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2005, v, 85 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2005.","productDescription":"v, 85 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, W. D.","contributorId":93023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48076,"text":"ofr72349 - 1972 - Some effects of a heated pipeline on ground-water flow in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T22:51:27.634459","indexId":"ofr72349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-349","title":"Some effects of a heated pipeline on ground-water flow in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The thaw bulb produced by a heated pipeline buried in a stream channel may intercept water confined in shallow unfrozen zones beneath a seasonally frozen layer. Resulting movement of ground water through the thaw bulb might produce quick conditions in the pipeline foundation materials. A digital model showed that such conditions are not likely to occur. Test drilling along the proposed route of the pipeline confirms this conclusion. An exception may be the situation in which the pipeline is buried in fine sand overlying a highly permeable coarse sand or gravel.</p><p>The results of model studies demonstrate that the heated trench will focus ground-water discharge near the pipeline, especially in winter. Such discharge will increase the number and size of icings.</p><p>Explosive icing mounds apparently result from high crystallization pressures that develop within a closed talik. The thaw bulb close to the buried pipeline relieves the pressure that leads to such conditions.</p><p>Potential problems related to thaw-bulb enlargement by heat convection and thaw-instability of fine-grained materials are not treated in this analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72349","usgsCitation":"Sloan, C.E., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1972, Some effects of a heated pipeline on ground-water flow in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-349, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72349.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0349/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":67074,"text":"i695 - 1972 - Geologic map of the Maurolycus Quadrangle of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T11:08:33.683044","indexId":"i695","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"695","subseriesTitle":"MOON","title":"Geologic map of the Maurolycus Quadrangle of the Moon","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">The </span><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW223373048 BCX8\">Maurolycus</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> quadrangle</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">, located in the southeastern highlands, includes densely to moderately cratered</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> terrain with many craters larger</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> than 45 km in </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">rim </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">crest </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">diameter</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">. </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">Several appea</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">r </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">to be ancient </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">and may be among the most primitive </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">discernable features on the lunar surface.</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> Major stratigraphic units consist of the Janssen </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">Formation, hummocky terra</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> and pitted plains materials, and e</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">xtensive clusters of bowl-shaped craters. Two of these units, </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">hummocky</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> terra and pitted plains</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">, a</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">re probably volcanic</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> whereas the Janssen Formation and bowl-shaped craters appear t</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">o have been formed by ejecta from the multi-ringed</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">Nectaris</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> and </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\">Imbrium</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW223373048 BCX8\"> basins outside the quadrangle.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i695","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., 1972, Geologic map of the Maurolycus Quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 695, 1 Plate: 68.00 × 45.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i695.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 68.00 × 45.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486692,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DBUAGL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive Map: IMAP 695 - Geologic map of the Maurolycus Quadrangle of the Moon"},{"id":439052,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98K5OO5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Maurolycus Quadrangle of the Moon"},{"id":188226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0695/plate-1.pdf","size":"8964","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68144,"text":"ha215 - 1972 - Analysis of the ground-water system by electrical-analog model, Avra Valley, Pima and Pinal Counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T20:12:01.575883","indexId":"ha215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"215","title":"Analysis of the ground-water system by electrical-analog model, Avra Valley, Pima and Pinal Counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha215","usgsCitation":"Moosburner, O., 1972, Analysis of the ground-water system by electrical-analog model, Avra Valley, Pima and Pinal Counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 215, 2 Plates: 42.60 × 33.00 inches and 38.50 × 32.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha215.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 42.60 × 33.00 inches and 38.50 × 32.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393619,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15581.htm"},{"id":89448,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/215/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89447,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/215/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County, Pinal County","otherGeospatial":"Avra Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.083,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.083,\n              32.633\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              32.633\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moosburner, Otto","contributorId":41822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moosburner","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48052,"text":"ofr72235 - 1972 - Analysis of potential errors in real-time streamflow data and methods of data verification by digital computer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T13:25:58","indexId":"ofr72235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-235","title":"Analysis of potential errors in real-time streamflow data and methods of data verification by digital computer","docAbstract":"<p>The magnitude, frequency, and types of errors inherent in real-time streamflow data are presented in part I. It was found that real-time data are generally less accurate than are historical data, primarily because real-time data are often used before errors can be detected and corrections applied.</p>\n<p>Various methods of verifying real-time streamflow data are outlined in part II. Relatively large errors (those greater than 20-30 percent) can be detected readily by use of well-designed verification programs for a digital computer, and smaller errors can be detected only by discharge measurements and field observations. The capability to substitute a simulated discharge value for missing or erroneous data is incorporated in some of the verification routines described. The routines represent concepts ranging from basic statistical comparisons to complex watershed modeling and provide a selection from which real-time data users can choose a suitable level of verification.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr72235","usgsCitation":"Lystrom, D.J., 1972, Analysis of potential errors in real-time streamflow data and methods of data verification by digital computer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-235, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72235.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72235.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lystrom, David J.","contributorId":101283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrom","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":61403,"text":"mf339 - 1972 - Preliminary photointerpretation map of landslide and other surficial deposits of the Mount Hamilton quadrangle and parts of the Mount Boardman and San Jose quadrangles, Alameda and Santa Clara Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:30:43","indexId":"mf339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"339","title":"Preliminary photointerpretation map of landslide and other surficial deposits of the Mount Hamilton quadrangle and parts of the Mount Boardman and San Jose quadrangles, Alameda and Santa Clara Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>The nine San Francisco Bay region counties lie within a geologically active, young, and dynamic part of the central and northern Coast Ranges of California. Significant movements of the earth's crust are occurring here at the present time, posing numerous problems to urbanization, including some of special concern. Geological processes such as fault movements, earthquakes, land subsidence, landsliding, slow downslope movement of bedrock and surficial materials, coastal and stream erosion, flooding, and sedimentation are all potentially hazardous. Because of these factors, an understanding of the operation of physical processes in the bay region is desirable for harmonious, efficient, and safe land-use planning, particularly now, with greatly expanded pressures for urban growth.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>This map presents preliminary information about one aspect of the physical environment necessary to sound land-use planning--the nature and distribution of surficial deposits. Because surficial deposits are common and well developed in much of the bay region, it is useful to know how and why they have formed, as well as what properties they possess. When maps like this are used in combination with other types of environmental information, such as data on soils, bedrock geology, slopes, vegetation, climatic variation, seismic response, and hydrology, it should be easier to arrive at sound decisions regarding the physical aspects of land use. The U.S. Geological Survey is studying many of these factors in the bay region and hopes to provide the community with much of the required information as part of its San Francisco Bay Region Study in cooperation with the&nbsp;Department of Housing and Urban Development.</p>\n<p>The representation of surficial deposits on this map reflects the way in which a geologist, working exclusively with aerial photographs, interpreted the origin of various elements of the present landscape. The deposits shown here have not been examined in the field. However, by viewing overlapping vertical aerial photographs through a stereoscope, the geologist sees a three-dimensional relief model of the ground surface and can study and interpret the origins of landforms with considerable ease. In fact, for mapping surficial deposits, particularly in reconnaissance-type studies, photointerpretation has advantages over both ground observations and laboratory studies of surficial materials. Of course, better information can be provided when all aspects of the study are integrated. These preliminary photointerpretation maps are only the first stage in a detailed study of surficial deposits in the bay region, but they should provide land-use planners with immediately useful information about the regional distribution of landslide and other surficial deposits.</p>\n<p>This map indicates the dominant surficial processes that have probably been operative by showing the distribution of different types of surficial deposits. Processes such as weathering, erosion, sedimentation, and the slow as well as rapid downslope movement of earth materials have constantly reshaped the land surface in the past and will continue to in the future, although at varying rates. The processes are interrelated to varying degrees. For example, crustal uplift of the Coast Ranges will lead to increased erosion and downcutting by streams that in turn generally results in increased deposition of sediments in river valleys, lakes, and shoreline areas. Older flood planes and river deposits may be eroded, leaving elevated terrace deposits. In addition, downcutting by streams may cause adjacent slopes to become unstable, thereby increasing the possibility of slope failures.</p>\n<p>Man's activities can alter natural physical processes in many ways. Simple acts such as overwatering a lawn or placing a septic tank drainfield in ground that is marginally stable may weaken the bedrock and surficial materials enough to induce landsliding. Relatively stable areas may be made unstable as a result of construction activities that involve cutting or oversteepening of natural slopes. Engineers, builders, conservationists, and others concerned with land use must evaluate the potential effects of all types of development, and maps that show the nature and distribution of surficial deposits should provide much of the basic information they need.</p>\n<p>This map, then, shows the cumulative effects of various processes that have yielded surficial deposits up to the time the photographs used for photointerpretation were taken. It does not indicate directly areas where processes will be most active, nor does it show the rate at which they will operate. However, knowledge of the history of geologic events is a key to understanding and predicting the evolution of an area, even where man's activities significantly change the character of the land. Almost all new landslides, for example, occur in areas with a history of landslide activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf339","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T., 1972, Preliminary photointerpretation map of landslide and other surficial deposits of the Mount Hamilton quadrangle and parts of the Mount Boardman and San Jose quadrangles, Alameda and Santa Clara Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 339, 2 Plates: 34.72 x 21.90 inches and 32.46 x 21.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf339.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 34.72 x 21.90 inches and 32.46 x 21.57 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf339.JPG"},{"id":327592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0339/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0339/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County, Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,37.75 ], [ -122,38 ], [ -121.41666666666667,38 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37.75 ], [ -122,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Tor H.","contributorId":100016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Tor H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65199,"text":"i714 - 1972 - Geologic map of the Colombo Quadrangle of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T13:56:04.322847","indexId":"i714","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"714","subseriesTitle":"MOON","title":"Geologic map of the Colombo Quadrangle of the Moon","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Relative ages of structures and geologic units have been determined from intersection and apparent overlap relations and from morphologic freshness reflecting </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">degree of preservation. The fivefold crater-age sequence is based on the classification of Shoemaker and Hackman (1962</span><span class=\"ContextualSpellingAndGrammarError SCXW258241478 BCX8\">), and</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> corresponds broadly </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">to a </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">modified</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> classification of </span><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Pohn</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> and </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Offield</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> (1970) and </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Offield</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> (1971)</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">. Rock units in the quadrangle are provisionally correlated with time-stratigraphic units first de</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">scribed in and near the </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Imbrium</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> basin (Shoemaker, 1962 a, b; Shoemaker and Hackman, 1962</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">, Shoemaker and others, 1963)</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> and </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">subsequently recognized elsewhere on the near side of the Moon (McCauley, 1967</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">; </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Wilhelms</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">, 1970; </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\">Wilhelms</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW258241478 BCX8\"> and McCauley, 1971).</span></span><span class=\"EOP SCXW258241478 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/i714","usgsCitation":"Elston, D.P., 1972, Geologic map of the Colombo Quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 714, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i714.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":439050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YUTBOC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Colombo Quadrangle of the Moon"},{"id":189414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0714/plate-1.pdf","size":"10516","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69c0d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elston, D. P.","contributorId":96334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elston","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209871,"text":"70209871 - 1972 - Preliminary mariner 9 report on the geology of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T19:34:46.241312","indexId":"70209871","displayToPublicDate":"1972-05-01T14:28:12","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary mariner 9 report on the geology of Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mariner 9 pictures indicate that the surface of Mars has been shaped by impact, volcanic, tectonic, erosional and depositional activity. The moonlike cratered terrain, identified as the dominant surface unit from the Mariner 6 and 7 flyby data, has proven to be less typical of Mars than previously believed, although extensive in the mid- and high-latitude regions of the southern hemisphere. Martian craters are highly modified but their size-frequency distribution and morphology suggest that most were formed by impact. Circular basins encompassed by rugged terrain and filled with smooth plains material are recognized. These structures, like the craters, are more modified than corresponding features on the Moon and they exercise a less dominant influence on the regional geology. Smooth plains with few visible craters fill the large basins and the floors of larger craters; they also occupy large parts of the northern hemisphere where the plains lap against higher landforms. The middle northern latitudes of Mars from 90 to 150† longitude contain at least four large shield volcanoes each of which is about twice as massive as the largest on Earth. Steep-sided domes with summit craters and large, fresh-appearing volcanic craters with smooth rims are also present in this region. Multiple flow structures, ridges with lobate flanks, chain craters, and sinuous rilles occur in all regions, suggesting widespread volcanism. Evidence for tectonic activity postdating formation of the cratered terrain and some of the plains units is abundant in the equatorial area from 0 to 120° longitude.Some regions exhibit a complex semiradial array of graben that suggest doming and stretching of the surface. Others contain intensity faulted terrain with broader, deeper graben separated by a complex mosaic of flat-topped blocks. An east-west-trending canyon system about 100–200 km wide and about 2500 km long extends through the Coprates-Eos region. The canyons have gullied walls indicative of extensive headward erosion since their initial formation. Regionally depressed areas called chaotic terrain consist of intricately broken and jumbled blocks and appear to result from breaking up and slumping of older geologic units. Compressional features have not been identified in any of the pictures analyzed to data. Plumose light and dark surface markings can be explained by eolian transport. Mariner 9 has thus revealed that Mars is a complex planet with its own distinctive geologic history and that it is less primitive than the Moon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90003-6","usgsCitation":"McCauley, J., Carr, M.H., Cutts, J., Hartmann, W., Masursky, H., Milton, D., Sharp, R., and Wilhelm, D.E., 1972, Preliminary mariner 9 report on the geology of Mars: Icarus, v. 17, no. 2, p. 289-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90003-6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"327","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCauley, John F.","contributorId":54973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cutts, J.A.","contributorId":56790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutts","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartmann, W.K.","contributorId":96002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masursky, Harold","contributorId":94304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sharp, R.P.","contributorId":6993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilhelm, Don E.","contributorId":68334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1001310,"text":"1001310 - 1972 - Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T17:30:39.304971","indexId":"1001310","displayToPublicDate":"1972-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation","docAbstract":"<p>Radio-equipped red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) on the Cedar Creek area in Minnesota were spatially distributed, with individual families occupying well defined, nonoverlapping, contiguous territories. Territory boundaries often conformed to natural physical boundaries and appeared to be maintained through some nonaggressive behavior mechanism. Individual foxes traveled extensively throughout the family territory each night. Fox territories appeared to range from approximately 1 to 3 square miles in size, dependent largely on population density. Red foxes used a sequence of dens to rear their pups, and the amount and location of food remains at individual dens changed as the pups matured. The denning season was divided into pre-emergence, confined-use, and dispersed-use periods of 4 to 5 weeks each. Remains of adult waterfowl were collected at rearing dens on six townships in three ecologically different regions of eastern North Dakota. Remains of 172 adult dabbling ducks and 16 adult American coots (Fulica americana) were found at 35 dens. No remains from diving ducks were found. The number of adult ducks per den averaged 1.6, 5.9, and 10.2 for paired townships in regions with relatively low, moderate and high duck populations, respectively. Eighty-four percent of the ducks were females. The species and sex composition of ducks found at dens during early and late sampling periods reflected the nesting chronology of prairie dabbling ducks. Occupied rearing dens were focal points of red fox travel, and the locations of dens may have had considerable influence on predation. Thirty-five of 38 dens found on the six township study areas were on pastured or idle lands. The distribution of rearing dens on the Sand Lake and Arrowwood national wildlife refuges suggested that, on these areas, fox dens were concentrated because of the topography and land-use practices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799055","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A., 1972, Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 36, no. 2, p. 225-236, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799055.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Anoka County, Isanti County","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Creek Natural History Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-93.0207,45.1258],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2814,45.0374],[-93.2807,45.0498],[-93.2814,45.0539],[-93.2826,45.0584],[-93.2826,45.063],[-93.282,45.0666],[-93.282,45.0689],[-93.2813,45.0717],[-93.2794,45.0753],[-93.2781,45.0794],[-93.2787,45.0835],[-93.28,45.0867],[-93.28,45.0913],[-93.2799,45.0959],[-93.2786,45.1],[-93.2786,45.1036],[-93.2793,45.1064],[-93.2812,45.1077],[-93.2863,45.1119],[-93.2915,45.1155],[-93.2934,45.1187],[-93.2947,45.1215],[-93.296,45.1251],[-93.296,45.1274],[-93.296,45.1297],[-93.2985,45.1329],[-93.3011,45.1356],[-93.3024,45.1388],[-93.3056,45.1416],[-93.3076,45.1429],[-93.3127,45.1448],[-93.3179,45.1466],[-93.3211,45.1484],[-93.3257,45.1512],[-93.3302,45.1539],[-93.3328,45.1544],[-93.3347,45.1549],[-93.3373,45.1558],[-93.3399,45.1576],[-93.3431,45.1599],[-93.3463,45.1626],[-93.3495,45.1663],[-93.3528,45.1699],[-93.3553,45.1727],[-93.3579,45.1745],[-93.3618,45.1759],[-93.3663,45.1768],[-93.3709,45.1777],[-93.3767,45.1805],[-93.3812,45.1832],[-93.3838,45.1855],[-93.3864,45.1878],[-93.3889,45.1892],[-93.3928,45.1914],[-93.3967,45.1933],[-93.4025,45.1956],[-93.4084,45.1965],[-93.4116,45.1983],[-93.4142,45.2001],[-93.4161,45.2038],[-93.418,45.2088],[-93.4193,45.2116],[-93.4226,45.2134],[-93.4252,45.2152],[-93.4264,45.2157],[-93.4297,45.2161],[-93.4362,45.217],[-93.4426,45.2166],[-93.4472,45.2161],[-93.4517,45.2157],[-93.4543,45.2175],[-93.4575,45.2203],[-93.4614,45.2234],[-93.4653,45.2257],[-93.4698,45.2257],[-93.4763,45.2253],[-93.4821,45.2248],[-93.4847,45.2257],[-93.4879,45.2271],[-93.4912,45.2289],[-93.4964,45.2344],[-93.5022,45.239],[-93.5035,45.2399],[-93.5073,45.2417],[-93.5113,45.2431],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.5106,45.5598],[-93.5133,45.7335],[-93.1408,45.7312],[-93.1392,45.5602],[-93.0221,45.5576],[-93.0186,45.4131]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Anoka\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63538a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206714,"text":"70206714 - 1972 - Borehole activation analysis by delayed and capture gamma rays using a 252Cf neutron source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-18T14:25:13","indexId":"70206714","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-08T14:19:50","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole activation analysis by delayed and capture gamma rays using a 252Cf neutron source","docAbstract":"<p><span>Theoretical analysis and experimental comparison of the radiative capture and delayed gamma-ray activation techniques indicate the latter to be more efficient for the detection of copper, whereas the radiative capture method is preferable for nickel. A conservative lower detection limit for both copper and nickel is '-0.5%. Borehole spectra by both techniques were made in a copper- and nickel-bearing gabbro, utilizing a Ge(Li) propane-cooled detector. Al, Mn, Na, Mg, Cu, and V were readily activated and detected by the delayed method. H, Fe, Si, and Ni were not usually present in the delayed spectra but they responded well in the capture mode. It is shown that the borehole sonde can be configured to permit simultaneous delayed and capture spectra, permitting detection of all of these elements. Simulated borehole experiments indicate that, in the delayed gamma-ray mode, an infinite sample is achieved when the ore layer has a vertical thickness of ∼20 cm and a horizontal distance of '10 cm into the wallrock. The depth resolution is thus relatively good but horizontal penetration through the wallrock is limited. © 1972 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.67.5.579","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R., Senftle, F.E., and Boynton, G.R., 1972, Borehole activation analysis by delayed and capture gamma rays using a 252Cf neutron source: Economic Geology, v. 67, no. 5, p. 579-591, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.67.5.579.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"591","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1972-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boynton, G. R.","contributorId":82276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70120944,"text":"70120944 - 1972 - Distribution and isotopic composition of uranium in lower Nueces River, Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T15:20:51","indexId":"70120944","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T15:11:18","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and isotopic composition of uranium in lower Nueces River, Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay, Texas","docAbstract":"The uranium concentration and isotopic composition of water and suspended sediment from the Nueces River, Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay were determined by alpha-spectroscopy. The average dissolved uranium concentration and radioactivity ratio (U<sup>234</sup>/U<sup>238</sup>) of Nueces River water were determined to be 2.44 µg/1 and 1.15 respectively. Water from a tributary of the Nueces River, Cayamon Creek, was found to contain an average dissolved uranium concentration of 42.8 µg/1 with an isotopic radioactivity ratio of 1.56. Close inspection of the lateral concentration and isotopic activity ratio of uranium revealed an increase below the confluence of Cayamon Creek with the Nueces River. A model was derived based on equations used in isotopic dilution analysis, which predicts these increases within analytical error. This model may be useful in future studies to locate anomalous uranium within the hydrologic environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","publisherLocation":"New Orleans, LA","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., and Slade, E.A., 1972, Distribution and isotopic composition of uranium in lower Nueces River, Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay, Texas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 22, p. 315-322.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292475,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/022/022001/0315.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi Bay;Nueces Bay;Nueces River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,27.6409 ], [ -98.0,28.124 ], [ -97.0,28.124 ], [ -97.0,27.6409 ], [ -98.0,27.6409 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f31349e4b0094694f9d82b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slade, Elizabeth Ann","contributorId":28537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70214098,"text":"70214098 - 1972 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T18:54:34.337147","indexId":"70214098","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T13:53:48","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1970","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found a total of approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures to be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1970, 1,439 of these structures had been built.</p><p>This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the natural surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.</p><p>Hydrologic investigations of these small watershed study areas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1951 and are now being made in 12 areas (fig. 1). These investigations are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions 'before and after\" development. Structures have now been built in four of these study areas. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of September 30, 1970, is shown in table 1.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70214098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Hampton, B., 1972, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1970: Open-File Report, iv, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70214098.","productDescription":"iv, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70214098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70214098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, B.B.","contributorId":43362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000385,"text":"1000385 - 1972 - Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:12:54","indexId":"1000385","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oligotrophic fish communities of the Great Lakes have undergone successive disruptions since the mid-1800s. Major contributing factors have been intensive selective fisheries, extreme modification of the drainage, invasion of marine species, and progressive physical&ndash;chemical changes of the lake environments. Lake Ontario was the first to be affected as its basin was settled and industrialized earliest, and it was the first to be connected by canals to the mid-Atlantic where the alewife (</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>) and sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) which ultimately became established in the Great Lakes were abundant. Oligotrophic fish communities were successively disrupted in Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior as the affects of population growth, industrialization, and marine invaders spread upward in the Laurentian drainage.The degree and sequence of response of families offish and species within families differed for each factor, but the sequence of change among families and species has been the same in response to each factor as it affected various lakes at different times. The ultimate result of the disruption of fish communities has been a reduction of productivity of oligotrophic species that ranges from extreme in Lake Ontario to moderate in Lake Superior, and which has reached a state of instability and rapid change in the upper three Great Lakes by the rnid-1900s similar to the situation in Lake Ontario in the mid-1800s. Since oligotrophic species (primarily salmonines, coregonines, and deepwater cottids) are the only kinds of fish that fully occupied the entire volume of the deepwater Great Lakes (Ontario, Huron, Michigan, and Superior), the fish biomass of these lakes has been reduced as various species declined or disappeared. In Lake Erie, which is shallow, and in the shallow bays of the deep lakes, oligotrophic species were replaced by mesotrophic species, primarily percids, which have successively increased and declined. All oligotrophic species are greatly reduced or extinct in lakes Ontario and Erie, and are in various stages of decline in lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, from greatest to least, respectively. The percids appear to be near the end of their sequence of succession in lakes Erie, Ontario, and Huron (primarily Saginaw Bay) where only the yellow perch (</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>) remains abundant. The yellow perch appears to be on the brink of decline in Lake Erie, which has been more severely influenced by water quality change than the other lakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f72-117","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1972, Factors of ecologic succession in oligotrophic fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 6, p. 717-730, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-117.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"730","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010080,"text":"70010080 - 1972 - A comparison of radiative capture with decay gamma-ray method in bore hole logging for economic minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-19T07:22:07","indexId":"70010080","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2906,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of radiative capture with decay gamma-ray method in bore hole logging for economic minerals","docAbstract":"<p>The recent availability of borehole logging sondes employing a source of neutrons and a Ge(Li) detector opens up the possibility of analyzing either decay or capture gamma rays. The most efficient method for a given element can be predicted by calculating the decay-to-capture count ratio for the most prominent peaks in the respective spectra. From a practical point of view such a calculation must be slanted toward short irradiation and count times at each station in a borehole. A simplified method of computation is shown, and the decay-to-capture count ratio has been calculated and tabulated for the optimum value in the decay mode irrespective of the irradiation time, and also for a ten minute irradiation time. Based on analysis of a single peak in each spectrum, the results indicate the preferred technique and the best decay or capture peak to observe for those elements of economic interest.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(72)90601-5","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., Moxham, R., and Tanner, A., 1972, A comparison of radiative capture with decay gamma-ray method in bore hole logging for economic minerals: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 104, no. 3, p. 485-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(72)90601-5.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"485","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e371e4b0c8380cd4600d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009762,"text":"70009762 - 1972 - Microcoulometric measurement of water in minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T21:46:03.156376","indexId":"70009762","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microcoulometric measurement of water in minerals","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p id=\"simple-para.0010\">A DuPont Moisture Analyzer is used in a microcoulometric method for determining water in minerals. Certain modifications, which include the heating of the sample outside the instrument, protect the system from acid gases and insure the conversion of all hydrogen to water vapor. Moisture analyzer data are compared to concurrent data obtained by a modified Penfield method. In general, there is a positive bias of from 0.1 to 0.2% in the moisture analyzer results and a similarity of bias in minerals of the same kind. Inhomogeneity, sample size, and moisture pick-up are invoked to explain deviations. The method is particularly applicable to small samples.</p></div></div><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"fr\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(01)81898-5","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Cremer, M., Elsheimer, H., and Escher, E., 1972, Microcoulometric measurement of water in minerals: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 60, no. 1, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)81898-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5672e4b0c8380cd6d5d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cremer, M.","contributorId":28865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cremer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elsheimer, H.N.","contributorId":77523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsheimer","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Escher, E.E.","contributorId":94160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escher","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009812,"text":"70009812 - 1972 - Imaging experiment: The Viking Lander","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T21:39:11.875147","indexId":"70009812","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging experiment: The Viking Lander","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>The Viking Lander Imaging System will consist of two identical facsimile cameras. Each camera has a high-resolution mode with an instantaneous field of view of 0.04°, and survey and color modes with instantaneous fields of view of 0.12°. Cameras are positioned one meter apart to provide stereoscopic coverage of the near-field. The Imaging Experiment will provide important information about the morphology, composition, and origin of the Martian surface and atmospheric features. In addition, lander pictures will provide supporting information for other experiments in biology, organic chemistry, meteorology, and physical properties.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90139-X","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Mutch, T., Binder, A., Huck, F., Levinthal, E., Morris, E.C., Sagan, C., and Young, A., 1972, Imaging experiment: The Viking Lander: Icarus, v. 16, no. 1, p. 92-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90139-X.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3881e4b0c8380cd615bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mutch, T.A.","contributorId":61884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutch","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binder, A.B.","contributorId":86855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binder","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huck, F.O.","contributorId":106256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huck","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levinthal, E.C.","contributorId":45823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levinthal","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, E. C.","contributorId":84381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sagan, C.","contributorId":42336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, A.T.","contributorId":17757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1000350,"text":"1000350 - 1972 - The future of salmonid communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:25:25","indexId":"1000350","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The future of salmonid communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of human population growth, industrialization, and the introduction of marine fishes have reduced the suitability of each of the Great Lakes for oligotrophic fish communities. The ultimate consequence has been a reduction of fishery productivity that has ranged from extreme in Lake Ontario to moderate in Lake Superior. If measures are not taken to alleviate the adverse effects of marine invaders and trends in environmental quality, a major reduction in fishery productivity can eventually be expected throughout the Great Lakes.Prospects for the next century will be improved if the lakes can be intensively managed. More stringent control of the sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>), and subsequent reduction of the alewife (</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>), by the reestablishment of populations of large piscivores, should permit the recovery of some of the previous predator and prey species, or the development of populations of new species that are more compatible with a reduced number of lampreys. Even if marine species can be reduced greatly, the full restoration of the former fishery productivity remains uncertain and will require a high degree of coordination among all management and research agencies that have responsibilities on the Great Lakes.Unfavorable trends toward progressive degradation of water quality pose the greatest threat to restoration of the fishery resources of the Great Lakes. Where changes in water quality have been the greatest, oligotrophic species have become scarce or absent, and in the deepwater regions no other species have reoccupied the vacated niches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f72-138","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1972, The future of salmonid communities in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 29, no. 6, p. 951-957, https://doi.org/10.1139/f72-138.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"957","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010210,"text":"70010210 - 1972 - Oceanic ridges and transform faults: Their intersection angles and resistance to plate motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T00:48:15.006936","indexId":"70010210","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanic ridges and transform faults: Their intersection angles and resistance to plate motion","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>The persistent near-orthogonal pattern formed by oceanic ridges and transform faults defies explanation in terms of rigid plates because it probably depends on the energy associated with deformation. For passive spreading, it is likely that the ridges and transforms adjust to a configuration offering minimum resistance to plate separation. This leads to a simple geometric model which yields conditions for the occurrence of transform faults and an aid to interpretation of structural patterns in the sea floor. Under reasonable assumptions, it is much more difficult for diverging plates to spread a kilometer of ridge than to slip a kilometer of transform fault, and the patterns observed at spreading centers might extend to lithospheric depths. Under these conditions, the resisting force at spreading centers could play a significant role in the dynamics of plate-tectonic systems.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(72)90051-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., and Thompson, G.A., 1972, Oceanic ridges and transform faults: Their intersection angles and resistance to plate motion: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 15, no. 2, p. 116-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(72)90051-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c9be4b0c8380cd74cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010297,"text":"70010297 - 1972 - Prospects for earthquake prediction and control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T08:29:15","indexId":"70010297","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prospects for earthquake prediction and control","docAbstract":"<p>The San Andreas fault is viewed, according to the concepts of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, as a transform fault that separates the Pacific and North American plates and along which relative movements of 2 to 6 cm/year have been taking place. The resulting strain can be released by creep, by earthquakes of moderate size, or (as near San Francisco and Los Angeles) by great earthquakes. Microearthquakes, as mapped by a dense seismograph network in central California, generally coincide with zones of the San Andreas fault system that are creeping. Microearthquakes are few and scattered in zones where elastic energy is being stored. Changes in the rate of strain, as recorded by tiltmeter arrays, have been observed before several earthquakes of about magnitude 4. Changes in fluid pressure may control timing of seismic activity and make it possible to control natural earthquakes by controlling variations in fluid pressure in fault zones. An experiment in earthquake control is underway at the Rangely oil field in Colorado, where the rates of fluid injection and withdrawal in experimental wells are being controlled.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(72)90080-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., Lee, W., Pakiser, L.C., Raleigh, C., and Wood, M., 1972, Prospects for earthquake prediction and control: Tectonophysics, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 319-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(72)90080-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.29980468749999,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24609374999999,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29980468749999,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29980468749999,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f57e4b0c8380cd7f6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pakiser, L. C.","contributorId":83512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pakiser","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raleigh, C.B.","contributorId":40219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, M.D.","contributorId":63930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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