{"pageNumber":"16","pageRowStart":"375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":560,"records":[{"id":70017155,"text":"70017155 - 1992 - Volcanic geology and eruption frequency, lower east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017155","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic geology and eruption frequency, lower east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Detailed geologic mapping and radiocarbon dating of tholeiitic basalts covering about 275 km2 on the lower east rift zone (LERZ) and adjoining flanks of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, show that at least 112 separate eruptions have occurred during the past 2360 years. Eruptive products include spatter ramparts and cones, a shield, two extensive lithic-rich tuff deposits, aa and pahoehoe flows, and three littoral cones. Areal coverage, number of eruptions and average dormant interval estimates in years for the five age groups assigned are: (I) historic, i.e. A D 1790 and younger: 25%, 5, 42.75; (II) 200-400 years old: 50%, 15, 14.3: (III) 400-750 years old: 20%, 54, 6.6; (IV) 750-1500 years old: 5%, 37, 20.8; (V) 1500-3000 years old: <1%, 1, unknown. At least 4.5-6 km3 of tholeiitic basalt have been erupted from the LERZ during the past 1500 years. Estimated volumes of the exposed products of individual eruptions range from a few tens of cubic meters for older units in small kipukas to as much as 0.4 km3 for the heiheiahulu shield. The average dormant interval has been about 13.6 years during the past 1500 years. The most recent eruption occurred in 1961, and the area may be overdue for its next eruption. However, eruptive activity will not resume on the LERZ until either the dike feeding the current eruption on the middle east rift zone extends farther down rift, or a new dike, unrelated to the current eruption, extends into the LERZ. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301393","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., 1992, Volcanic geology and eruption frequency, lower east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 6, p. 475-483, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301393.","startPage":"475","endPage":"483","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301393"},{"id":224872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2ebe4b08c986b32ae50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016965,"text":"70016965 - 1992 - Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T15:57:18.798278","indexId":"70016965","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The seven volcanoes comprising the island of Hawaii and its submarine base are, in order of growth, Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, and Loihi. The first four have completed their shield-building stage, and the timing of this event can be determined from the depth of the slope break associated with the end of shield building, calibrated using the ages and depths of a series of dated submerged coral reefs off northwest Hawaii. On each volcano, the transition from eruption of tholeiitic to alkalic lava occurs near the end of shield building. The rate of southeastern progression of the end of shield building in the interval from Haleakala to Hualalai is about 13 cm/yr. Based on this rate and an average spacing of volcanoes on each loci line of 40-60km, the volcanoes required about 600 thousand years to grow from the ocean floor to the time of the end of shield building. They arrive at the ocean surface about midway through this period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1471:VGAEOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Clague, D.A., 1992, Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 11, p. 1471-1484, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1471:VGAEOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1484","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.258544921875,\n              18.79191774423444\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.632568359375,\n              18.79191774423444\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.632568359375,\n              20.427012814257385\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.258544921875,\n              20.427012814257385\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.258544921875,\n              18.79191774423444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc32be4b08c986b32afcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016904,"text":"70016904 - 1992 - Multispectral thermal infrared mapping of the 1 October 1988 Kupaianaha flow field, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016904","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multispectral thermal infrared mapping of the 1 October 1988 Kupaianaha flow field, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Multispectral thermal infrared radiance measurements of the Kupaianaha flow field were acquired with the NASA airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) on the morning of 1 October 1988. The TIMS data were used to map both the temperature and emissivity of the surface of the flow field. The temperature map depicted the underground storage and transport of lava. The presence of molten lava in a tube or tumulus resulted in surface temperatures that were at least 10?? C above ambient. The temperature map also clearly defined the boundaries of hydrothermal plumes which resulted from the entry of lava into the ocean. The emissivity map revealed the boundaries between individual flow units within the Kupaianaha field. In general, the emissivity of the flows varied systematically with age but the relationship between age and emissivity was not unique. Distinct spectral anomalies, indicative of silica-rich surface materials, were mapped near fumaroles and ocean entry sites. This apparent enrichment in silica may have resulted from an acid-induced leaching of cations from the surfaces of glassy flows. Such incipient alteration may have been the cause for virtually all of the emissivity variations observed on the flow field, the spectral anomalies representing areas where the acid attack was most intense. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301118","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Realmuto, V., Hon, K., Kahle, A., Abbott, E., and Pieri, D., 1992, Multispectral thermal infrared mapping of the 1 October 1988 Kupaianaha flow field, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 33-44, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301118.","startPage":"33","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205496,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301118"},{"id":224516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a8e4b0c8380cd715e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Realmuto, V.J.","contributorId":60779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Realmuto","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hon, K.","contributorId":20471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kahle, A.B.","contributorId":36928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abbott, E.A.","contributorId":64814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pieri, D.C.","contributorId":100547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieri","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017240,"text":"70017240 - 1992 - Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T00:20:31.585098","indexId":"70017240","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii (18×11 km), is a basaltic shield volcano with caldera-filling lavas, seven identified postshield vents, and at least two occurrences of apparent rejuvenated-stage eruptive. We examined 42 samples that represent all stages of Kahoolawe volcano stratigraphy for their petrography, whole-rock major-and trace-element contents, mineral compositions, and K−Ar ages. The two oldest shield samples have an average age of 1.34±0.08 Ma, and four postshield samples (3 are alkalic) average 1.15±0.03 Ma; ages of 1.08 and 0.99 Ma for two additional tholeiitic samples probably are minimum ages. Whole-rock major- and trace-element and mineral compositions of Kahoolawe shield and caldera-fill laves are generally similar to the lavas forming Kilauea and Mauna Loa tholeiitic shields, but in detail, Kahoolawe shield lavas have distinctive compositions. An unusual aspect of many postshield Ka-hoolawe lavas is anomalously high REE and Y abundances (up to 200 ppm La and 175 ppm Y) and negative Ce anomalies. These enrichments reflect surficial processes, where weathering and soil development promoted REE-Y transport at the weathering front. Major element abundances (MgO, 10–6 wt.%) for shield and caldera-fill basalts are consistent with fractionation of ol+px+pl in frequently replenished magma reservoirs. In general, tholeiitic basalts erupted from late vents are higher in SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>than the shield lavas, and temporal differences in parental magma compositions are the likely explanation. Alkalic basalts that erupted from vents are comparable in composition to those at other Hawaiian volcanoes. Trace-element abundance ratios indicate that alkalic basalts represent either relatively lower degrees of melting of the shield source or a distinct source. Apparent rejuvenated-stage basalts (i.e., emplaced after substantial Kahoolawe erosion) are tholeiitic, unlike the rejuvenated-stages at other Hawaiian volcanoes (alkalic). Kahoolawe, like several other Hawaiian volcanoes, has intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic basalts in the postshield stage, but it is the only volcano that appears to have produced tholeiitic rejuvenated-stage lavas.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00344080","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fodor, R., Frey, F., Bauer, G., and Clague, D., 1992, Ages, rare-earth element enrichment, and petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts from Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 110, no. 4, p. 442-462, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344080.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kahoolawe Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.73507690429688,\n              20.486200430098492\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.49887084960938,\n              20.486200430098492\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.49887084960938,\n              20.632784250388028\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73507690429688,\n              20.632784250388028\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73507690429688,\n              20.486200430098492\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e906e4b0c8380cd48052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodor, R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frey, F.A.","contributorId":12618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, G.R.","contributorId":68890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016981,"text":"70016981 - 1992 - Mechanism of explosive eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016981","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism of explosive eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A small explosive eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, occurred in May 1924. The eruption was preceded by rapid draining of a lava lake and transfer of a large volume of magma from the summit reservoir to the east rift zone. This lowered the magma column, which reduced hydrostatic pressure beneath Halemaumau and allowed groundwater to flow rapidly into areas of hot rock, producing a phreatic eruption. A comparison with other events at Kilauea shows that the transfer of a large volume of magma out of the summit reservoir is not sufficient to produce a phreatic eruption. For example, the volume transferred at the beginning of explosive activity in May 1924 was less than the volumes transferred in March 1955 and January-February 1960, when no explosive activity occurred. Likewise, draining of a lava lake and deepening of the floor of Halemaumau, which occurred in May 1922 and August 1923, were not sufficient to produce explosive activity. A phreatic eruption of Kilauea requires both the transfer of a large volume of magma from the summit reservoir and the rapid removal of magma from near the surface, where the surrounding rocks have been heated to a sufficient temperature to produce steam explosions when suddenly contacted by groundwater. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00430777","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Dvorak, J., 1992, Mechanism of explosive eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 638-645, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00430777.","startPage":"638","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430777"},{"id":224908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5362e4b0c8380cd6ca47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dvorak, J.J.","contributorId":52597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017271,"text":"70017271 - 1992 - Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T16:10:09.975718","indexId":"70017271","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows","docAbstract":"<p>The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and FeF<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures.</p><p>Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF<sub>3</sub>, MgF<sub>2</sub>, and CaF<sub>2</sub>, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Hochella, M., 1992, Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 10, p. 3711-3721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3711","endPage":"3721","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f97e4b08c986b31e6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hochella, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":30765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochella","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162563,"text":"70162563 - 1992 - The ten-year eruption of Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T15:30:47","indexId":"70162563","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ten-year eruption of Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"<p>The Pu'u 'O' o-Kupaianaha eruption now ranks as the longest-lived historic eruption on the East Rift Zone and the most destructive in Kilauea's recent history.</p>\n<p>About 1 km<sup>3 </sup>of lava erupted during the first 0 years of the eruption. Lava flows have destroyed 181 houses and severed the coastal highway along the volcano's south flank, severely restricting transportation on this part of the island of Hawaii. the eruption consisted of many distinct episodes characterized by activity at different vents and by different eruptive styles. the following summarizes the first 10 years of the eruption, starting with the initial outbreak in 1983.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., and Heliker, C., 1992, The ten-year eruption of Kilauea Volcano: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 6, p. 244-254.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"254","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.26290893554688,\n              19.433571773164164\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2972412109375,\n              19.420620739866035\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30548095703125,\n              19.40119225476861\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28488159179688,\n              19.35908924593432\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.19149780273438,\n              19.2573494756706\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1331329345703,\n              19.2748506284423\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0562286376953,\n              19.31567937987149\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1496124267578,\n              19.43616185591159\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2306365966797,\n              19.419325579756944\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25604248046875,\n              19.430981649106492\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26290893554688,\n              19.433571773164164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6d2e4b0b28f1184dc21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162575,"text":"70162575 - 1992 - Tracking the movement of Hawaiian volcanoes; Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T16:31:58","indexId":"70162575","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking the movement of Hawaiian volcanoes; Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement","docAbstract":"<p>Most, if not all, volcanic eruptions are preceded by surface movements near the volcano. These ground movements are the response of the shallow crust to the accumulation of the magma or the buildup of magma pressure within a subterranean reservoir beneath the volcano. As the magma reservoir expands, the summit and the flanks of the volcano rise and spread apart. Measurements made at many volcanoes show that slow ground movement may precede an eruption by as many as several years. Sudden increases in the rate of ground movement often precede an eruption by a few hours or days.</p>\n<p>At some well-studied volcanoes, surface movements of at least several centimeters take place out to distances of about 10 km from the summit of the volcano. Widespread deformation of this type is relatively easy to monitor, because the necessary survey stations can be placed at favorable sites some distance from the summit of the volcano. Examples of deformation of this type include Kilauea and Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Krafla in Iceland, Long Valley&nbsp;in California, Camp Flegrei in Italy, and Sakurajima in Japan. In contrast, surface movement at some other volcanoes, usually volcanoes with steep slopes, is restricted to places within about 1 km of their summits. Examples of this class of volcanoes include Mount St. Helens in Washington, Etna in Italy, and Tangkuban Parahu in Indonesia. Local movement on remote, rugged volcanoes of this type is difficult to observe using conventional methods of measuring ground movement, which generally require a clear line-of-sight between points of interest. However, a revolutionary new technique, called the Global Positional System (GPS), provides a very efficient, alternative method of making such measurements. GPS, which uses satellites and ground-based receivers to accurately record slight crustal movements, is rapidly becoming the method of choice to measure deformation at volcanoes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dvorak, J., 1992, Tracking the movement of Hawaiian volcanoes; Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 6, p. 255-267.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.3564453125,\n              21.881889807629282\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.9169921875,\n              22.28909641872305\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.41162109374997,\n              22.339914425562032\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.642822265625,\n              21.6778482933475\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.082763671875,\n              21.08450008351735\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.56640625,\n              20.80747157680652\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.544677734375,\n              19.652934210612436\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.84130859375,\n              19.155546551403607\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.775146484375,\n              18.781516724349704\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.07177734375,\n              18.89589255941504\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.46728515625,\n              20.14878463216417\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.917724609375,\n              20.416716988945712\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.730712890625,\n              21.01272715296389\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.906005859375,\n              21.6778482933475\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.323486328125,\n              21.688057256795453\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.3564453125,\n              21.881889807629282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6d4e4b0b28f1184dc24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dvorak, J.J.","contributorId":52597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dvorak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21154,"text":"ofr91133B - 1991 - Composition of waters from the research drill hole at summit of Kilauea Volcano and of selected thermal and non-thermal groundwaters, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr91133B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-133","chapter":"B","title":"Composition of waters from the research drill hole at summit of Kilauea Volcano and of selected thermal and non-thermal groundwaters, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open File Reports Section [distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr91133B","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., and Jones, B.F., 1991, Composition of waters from the research drill hole at summit of Kilauea Volcano and of selected thermal and non-thermal groundwaters, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-133, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91133B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":66640,"text":"i2225 - 1991 - Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42643,"text":"ofr85715 - 1986 - Preliminary geologic map of the Pahoa South quadrangle, eastern Hawaii","indexId":"ofr85715","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Pahoa South quadrangle, eastern Hawaii"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66640,"text":"i2225 - 1991 - Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","indexId":"i2225","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":48743,"text":"ofr81947 - 1981 - Preliminary geologic map of the Kapoho quadrangle, Hawaii","indexId":"ofr81947","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Kapoho quadrangle, Hawaii"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66640,"text":"i2225 - 1991 - Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","indexId":"i2225","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:21","indexId":"i2225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2225","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2225","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., and Trusdell, F., 1991, Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2225, 1 map :col. ;115 x 86 cm., on sheet 146 x 106 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2225.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;115 x 86 cm., on sheet 146 x 106 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108300,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13021.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13021"},{"id":188499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155,19.3675 ], [ -155,19.6175 ], [ -154.80027777777778,19.6175 ], [ -154.80027777777778,19.3675 ], [ -155,19.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21153,"text":"ofr91133A - 1991 - Composition of waters from the research drill hole at summit of Kilauea Volcano and of selected thermal and non-thermal groundwaters, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr91133A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-133","chapter":"A","title":"Composition of waters from the research drill hole at summit of Kilauea Volcano and of selected thermal and non-thermal groundwaters, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open File Reports Section [distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr91133A","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., and Jones, B.F., 1991, Composition of waters from the research drill hole at summit of Kilauea Volcano and of selected thermal and non-thermal groundwaters, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-133, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91133A.","productDescription":"28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0133a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0133a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7ffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207370,"text":"70207370 - 1991 - The Pu'u ‘O’o‐Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T14:44:12.390707","indexId":"70207370","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-18T12:28:26","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pu'u ‘O’o‐Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea","docAbstract":"<p><span>Kilauea is nearing the 10th year of its most voluminous rift zone eruption in the last 2 centuries. Lava flows have covered 75 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;to depths as great as 25 m and have added almost 1.2 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of new land to the island. These flows have devastated downslope communities and have provided a painful tutorial for local government in planning for and living with volcanic hazards [</span><i>Heliker and Wright</i><span>, 1991]. At the same time, the accessibility and longevity of this eruption have provided a unique opportunity for quantitative studies requiring long‐term observations. This article briefly summarizes these studies, which are directed at a better understanding of eruption mechanics, lava‐flow field emplacement, and the plumbing system of Kilauea.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/90EO00372","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C.C., and Wright, T., 1991, The Pu'u ‘O’o‐Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 72, no. 47, p. 521-526, https://doi.org/10.1029/90EO00372.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.489501953125,\n              19.093266636089712\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9456787109375,\n              19.150357455407473\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8358154296875,\n              19.34742802788708\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.01708984375,\n              19.49248592618279\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2972412109375,\n              19.482128945320483\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.4730224609375,\n              19.295590314804254\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.489501953125,\n              19.093266636089712\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, Christina C.","contributorId":60712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":777841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016462,"text":"70016462 - 1991 - Picritic glasses from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T16:35:41.556483","indexId":"70016462","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Picritic glasses from Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of the MgO content of primary Hawaiian tholeiitic melts range from 8wt% to as high as 25wt% (refs 1, 2). In general, these estimates are derived from analysis of the whole-rock composition of lavas, coupled with the compositions of the most magnesian olivine phenocrysts observed. But the best estimate of magma composition comes from volcanic glass, as it represents the liquid composition at the time of quenching; minimal changes occur during the quenching process. Here we report the discovery of tholeiitic basalt glasses, recovered offshore of Kilauea volcano, that contain up to 15.0 wt% MgO. To our knowledge, these are the most magnesian glasses, and have the highest eruption temperatures (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>&nbsp;1,316</span><sup>°</sup><span>C), yet found. The existence of these picritic (high-MgO) liquids provides constraints on the temperature structure of the upper mantle, magma transport and the material and thermal budgets of the Hawaiian volcanoes. Furthermore, picritic melts are affected little by magma-reservoir processes, and it is therefore relatively straightforward to extrapolate back to the composition of the primary melt and its volatile contents.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/353553a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Weber, W.S., and Dixon, J., 1991, Picritic glasses from Hawaii: Nature, v. 353, no. 6344, p. 553-556, https://doi.org/10.1038/353553a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223216,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"353","issue":"6344","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b45e4b0c8380cd7935b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, W. S.","contributorId":9774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, J.E.","contributorId":53093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016558,"text":"70016558 - 1991 - Possible solar noble-gas component in Hawaiian basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:38:45.595073","indexId":"70016558","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible solar noble-gas component in Hawaiian basalts","docAbstract":"<p><span>The noble-gas elemental and isotopic composition in the Earth is significantly different from that of the present atmosphere, and provides an important clue to the origin and history of the Earth and its atmosphere. Possible candidates for the noble-gas composition of the primordial Earth include a solar-like component, a planetary-like component (as observed in primitive meteorites) and a component similar in composition to the present atmosphere. In an attempt to identify the contributions of such components, we have measured isotope ratios of helium and neon in fresh basaltic glasses dredged from Loihi seamount and the East Rift Zone of Kilauea</span><sup>1–3</sup><span>. We find a systematic enrichment in&nbsp;</span><sup>20</sup><span>Ne and&nbsp;</span><sup>21</sup><span>Ne relative to&nbsp;</span><sup>22</sup><span>Ne, compared with atmospheric neon. The helium and neon isotope signatures observed in our samples can be explained by mixing of solar, present atmospheric, radiogenic and nucleogenic components. These data suggest that the noble-gas isotopic composition of the mantle source of the Hawaiian plume is different from that of the present atmosphere, and that it includes a significant solar-like component. We infer that this component was acquired during the formation of the Earth.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/349149a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Honda, M., McDougall, I., Patterson, D., Doulgeris, A., and Clague, D., 1991, Possible solar noble-gas component in Hawaiian basalts: Nature, v. 349, no. 6305, p. 149-151, https://doi.org/10.1038/349149a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"151","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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A.","contributorId":78093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doulgeris","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016375,"text":"70016375 - 1991 - Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:10:09","indexId":"70016375","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior","docAbstract":"The assertion that deuterium-deuterium fusion may occur at low temperature suggests a potential new source of geothermal heat. If a cold-fusion-like process occurs within the Earth, then a test for its existence would be a search for anomalous tritium in volcanic emissions. The Pu'u O'o crater is the first point at which large amounts of water are degassed from the magma that feeds the Kilauea system. The magma is probably not contaminated by meteoric-source ground water prior to degassing at Pu'u O'o, although mixing of meteoric and magmatic H2O occurs within the crater. Tritium contents of samples from within the crater are lower than in samples taken simultaneously from the nearby upwind crater rim. These results provide no evidence in support of a cold-fusion-like process in the Earth's interior. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(91)90159-F","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Quick, J.E., Hinkley, T.K., Reimer, G., and Hedge, C., 1991, Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 132-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90159-F.","startPage":"132","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267321,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90159-F"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb86be4b08c986b32784e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016939,"text":"70016939 - 1991 - Underwater observations of active lava flows from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-23T12:14:55.874034","indexId":"70016939","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Underwater observations of active lava flows from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15573918\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Underwater observation of active submarine lava flows from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in March-June 1989 revealed both pillow lava and highly channelized lava streams flowing down a steep and unconsolidated lava delta. The channelized streams were 0.7-1.5 m across and moved at rates of 1-3 m/s. The estimated flux of a stream was 0.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s. Jets of hydrothermal water and gas bubbles were associated with the volcanic activity. The rapidly moving channelized lava streams represent a previously undescribed aspect of submarine volcanism.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0633:UOOALF>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Tribble, G., 1991, Underwater observations of active lava flows from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 633-636, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0633:UOOALF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc68e4b08c986b328bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tribble, G.W.","contributorId":47420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tribble","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016906,"text":"70016906 - 1991 - Reequilibration of chromite within Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016906","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reequilibration of chromite within Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Chromite mainly occurs as tiny inclusions within or at the edges of olivine phenocrysts in the 1959 Kilauea Iki lava lake. Liquilus chromite compositions are only preserved in scoria that was rapidly quenched from eruption temperatures. Analyses of drill core taken from the lava lake in 1960, 1961, 1975, 1979, and 1981 show that chromite becomes richer in Fe+2, Fe+3, Ti and poorer in Mg, Al, Cr than the liquidus chromite. The amount of compositional change depends on the time elapsed since eruption, the cooling history of the sample, the extent of differentiation of the interstitial melt, and the position of the chromite inclusion within the olivine phenocryst. Compositional changes of the chromite inclusions are thought to be a result of reequilibration with the residual melt by cationic diffusion (Mg, Al, Cr outwards and Fe+2, Fe+3, Ti inwards) through olivine. The changing chemical potential gradients produced as the residual melt cools, crystallizes and differentiates drives the reequilibration process. Major and minor element zoning profiles in olivine phenocrysts suggest that volume diffusion through olivine may have been the major mechanism of cationic transport through olivine. The dramatic compositional changes observed in chromite over the 22 years between eruption and 1981 has major implications for othe molten bodies. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00311181","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Scowen, P., Roeder, P., and Helz, R., 1991, Reequilibration of chromite within Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 107, no. 1, p. 8-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00311181.","startPage":"8","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311181"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a41ae4b0e8fec6cdba4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scowen, P.A.H.","contributorId":86901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scowen","given":"P.A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeder, P.L.","contributorId":84912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeder","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016691,"text":"70016691 - 1991 - Distribution of metals between particulate and gaseous forms in a volcanic plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016691","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of metals between particulate and gaseous forms in a volcanic plume","docAbstract":"In order to gain information on the distribution of metals between particles and gaseous forms in the plume of Kilauea volcano, a filter designed to collect metals associated with particles was followed in series by two other collectors intended to trap metals present in gaseous (atomic, molecular, or complexed) form: first an acid-bubbler bath and then a cold trap. Of the six metals measured, all of the In, Tl and Bi, and almost all of the Cd, Pb and Cu were found on the filter. None of any of the metals was detected in the acid-bubbler bath. Masses equivalent to 0.3% of the amount of Cd on the filter, 0.4% of the amount of Pb, and 9.3% of the Cu, were measured in the cold trap. The results indicate that all or nearly all of the six metals were partitioned to the particulate portion of the physical mixture of gases and particles that constitutes a volcanic plume, but that there may be systematic differences between chalcophile metals in the ways they are partitioned between particulate and gaseous phases in a cooled plume, and possibly differences in the acidity or other chemical properties of the molecular phases. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00280229","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., 1991, Distribution of metals between particulate and gaseous forms in a volcanic plume: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 395-400, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280229.","startPage":"395","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280229"},{"id":224455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02e1e4b0c8380cd5023b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19370,"text":"ofr90661 - 1990 - Tabulation of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and He concentrations in soil gases collected regularly for 13 months at a site on the summit of Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr90661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-661","title":"Tabulation of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and He concentrations in soil gases collected regularly for 13 months at a site on the summit of Kilauea Volcano","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90661","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M.E., 1990, Tabulation of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and He concentrations in soil gases collected regularly for 13 months at a site on the summit of Kilauea Volcano: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-661, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90661.","productDescription":"19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0661/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48846,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0661/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, M. E.","contributorId":11612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19368,"text":"ofr90507 - 1990 - Tabulation of CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and He concentrations in summit fumarole gases and wind and rainfall data at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, for the period June 1987 - February 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr90507","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-507","title":"Tabulation of CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and He concentrations in summit fumarole gases and wind and rainfall data at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, for the period June 1987 - February 1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90507","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M.E., and Stokes, J.B., 1990, Tabulation of CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and He concentrations in summit fumarole gases and wind and rainfall data at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, for the period June 1987 - February 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-507, 27 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90507.","productDescription":"27 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0507/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0507/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db68778f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, M. E.","contributorId":11612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, J. B.","contributorId":19182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207079,"text":"70207079 - 1990 - Fractal properties of tremor and gas piston events observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T13:34:25.48753","indexId":"70207079","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T13:29:32","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractal properties of tremor and gas piston events observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies the fractal properties of shallow volcanic tremor and gas piston events associated with magma degassing at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, using data from two dense short-baseline arrays of seismographs deployed near the active crater of Puu Oo on the east rift of the volcano. The existence of a categorically stable attractor characterizing both types of activities strongly suggests that the excitation mechanism of tremor is similar to that of gas piston events, which in turn are correlated with visual observations at the volcanic vent. Low values derived for the dimension of the attractor in phase space points to significant self-organization in the process of generation of tremor and offers general constraints on the dimensionality of attractors derived from models of acoustic emission associated with magma flow, vesiculation, and degassing. -from Authors</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB00772","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., and Shaw, H.R., 1990, Fractal properties of tremor and gas piston events observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. 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 \"}}]}","volume":"96","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016871,"text":"70016871 - 1990 - Deep magma body beneath the summit and rift zones of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:19:01.521147","indexId":"70016871","displayToPublicDate":"1990-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep magma body beneath the summit and rift zones of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>A magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 caused the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to move seaward in response to slippage along a deep fault. Since then, a large part of the volcano's edifice has been adjusting to this perturbation. The summit of Kilauea extended at a rate of 0.26 meter per year until 1983, the south flank uplifted more than 0.5 meter, and the axes of both the volcano's rift zones extended and subsided; the summit continues to subside. These ground-surface motions have been remarkably steady and much more widespread than those caused by either recurrent inflation and deflation of the summit magma chamber or the episodic propagation of dikes into the rift zones. Kilauea's magmatic system is, therefore, probably deeper and more extensive than previously thought; the summit and both rift zones may be underlain by a thick, near vertical dike-like magma system at a depth of 3 to 9 kilometers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.247.4948.1311","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P.T., Fiske, R., Miklius, A., Okamura, A.T., and Sako, M.K., 1990, Deep magma body beneath the summit and rift zones of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Science, v. 247, no. 4948, p. 1311-1316, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4948.1311.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1311","endPage":"1316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.27297591654735,\n              19.450107822693624\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27297591654735,\n              19.411226663270085\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21068261991692,\n              19.411226663270085\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21068261991692,\n              19.450107822693624\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27297591654735,\n              19.450107822693624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"247","issue":"4948","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe26e4b0c8380cd4eb4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, Paul T.","contributorId":15195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, R.S.","contributorId":47783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okamura, Arnold T.","contributorId":53782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sako, Maurice K.","contributorId":19583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015970,"text":"70015970 - 1990 - Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015970","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42","docAbstract":"Horizontal ground deformation measurements were made repeatedly with an electronic distance meter near the Puu Oo eruption site approximately perpendicular to Kilauea's east rift zone (ERZ) before and after eruptive episodes 22-42. Line lengths gradually extended during repose periods and rapidly contracted about the same amount following eruptions. The repeated extension and contraction of the measured lines are best explained by the elastic response of the country rock to the addition and subsequent eruption of magma from a local reservoir. The deformation patterns are modeled to constrain the geometry and location of the local reservoir near Puu Oo. The observed deformation is consistent with deformation patterns that would be produced by the expansion of a shallow, steeply dipping dike just uprift of Puu Oo striking parallel to the trend of the ERZ. The modeled dike is centered about 800 m uprift of Puu Oo. Its top is at a depth of 0.4 km, its bottom at about 2.9 km, and the length is about 1.6 km; the dike strikes N65?? E and dips at about 87??SE. The model indicates that the dike expanded by 11 cm during repose periods, for an average volumetric expansion of nearly 500 000 m3. The volume of magma added to the dike during repose periods was variable but correlates positively with the volume of erupted lava of the subsequent eruption and represents about 8% of the new lava extruded. Dike geometry and expansion values are used to estimate the pressure increase near the eruption site due to the accumulation of magma during repose periods. On average, vent pressures increased by about 0.38 MPa during the repose periods, one-third of the pressure increase at the summit. The model indicates that the dikelike body below Puu Oo grew in volume from 3 million cubic meters (Mm3) to about 10-12 Mm3 during the series of eruptions. The width of this body was probably about 2.5-3.0 m. No net long-term deformation was detected along the measured deformation lines. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301533","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Ulrich, G., and Garcia, M., 1990, Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 7, p. 522-531, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301533.","startPage":"522","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301533"},{"id":223394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a321ce4b0c8380cd5e527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, J.P.","contributorId":76389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulrich, G. E.","contributorId":88737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, M.O.","contributorId":47868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016424,"text":"70016424 - 1990 - Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:30:45.753432","indexId":"70016424","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Our study of a magnetic anomaly associated with the recently active dacite dome at Mount St. Helens suggests that the dome consists of a hot, nonmagnetized core surrounded by a cool, magnetized carapace and flanking talus. The talus does not contribute to the anomaly because its constituent blocks are randomly oriented. Temporal changes in the magnetic anomaly indicate that the magnetized carapace thickened at an average rate of 0.03±0.01 m/d from 1984 to 1986. Petrographic and rock magnetic properties of dome samples indicate that the dominant process responsible for these changes is magnetization of extensively oxidized rock at progressively deeper levels within the dome as the rock cools through its blocking temperature, rather than subsequent changes in magnetization caused by further oxidation. Newly extruded material cools rapidly for a short period as heat is conducted outward in response to convective heat loss from its surface. The cooling rate gradually declines for several weeks, and thereafter the material cools at a relatively constant rate by convective heat loss from its interior along fractures that propagate inward. The rate of internal convective heat loss through fractures varies with rainfall, snowmelt, and large-scale fracturing during subsequent eruptive episodes. In accordance with a model for solidification of the 1959 lava lake at Kilauea Iki, Hawaii, we picture the dome's magnetized carapace as being a two-phase, porous, convective zone separated from the nonmagnetized core of the dome by a thin, single-phase conductive zone. As a consequence of the heat balance between the conductive and convective zones, the blocking-temperature isotherm migrates inward at a relatively constant rate. If the dome remains inactive, the time scale for its complete magnetization is estimated to be 18–36 years, a forecast which can be refined by shallow drilling into the dome and by continuing studies of its growing magnetic anomaly.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB03p02763","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Denlinger, R., and Rosenbaum, J.G., 1990, Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B3, p. 2763-2780, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB03p02763.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2763","endPage":"2780","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbe1e4b0c8380cd4dfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016249,"text":"70016249 - 1990 - Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016249","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member","docAbstract":"In or around 1790 a.d. an explosive eruption took place in the summit caldera of Kilauea shield volcano. A group of Hawaiian warriors close to the caldera at the time were killed by the effects of the explosions. The stratigraphy of pyroclastic deposits surrounding Kilauea (i.e., the Keanakakoi Ash Member) suggests that the explosions referred to in the historic record were the culmination of a prolonged hydrovolcanic eruption consisting of three main phases. The first phase was phreatomagmatic and generated well-bedded, fine fallout ash rich in glassy, variably vesiculated, juvenile magmatic and dense, lithic pyroclasts. The ash was mainly dispersed to the southwest of the caldera by the northeasterly trade winds. The second phase produced a Strombolian-style scoria fall deposit followed by phreatomagmatic ash similar to that of the first phase, though richer in accretionary lapilli and lithics. The third and culminating phase was phreatic and deposited lithic-rich lapilli and block fall layers, interbedded with cross-bedded surge deposits, and accretionary lapilli-rich, fine ash beds. These final explosions may have been responsible for the deaths of the warriors. The three phases were separated by quiescent spells during which the primary deposits were eroded and transported downwind in dunes migrating southwestward and locally excavated by fluvial runoff close to the rim. The entire hydrovolcanic eruption may have lasted for weeks or perhaps months. At around the same time, lava erupted from Kilauea's East Rift Zone and probably drained magma from the summit storage. The earliest descriptions of Kilauea (30 years after the Keanakakoi eruption) emphasize the great depth of the floor (300-500 m below the rim) and the presence of stepped ledges. It is therefore likely that the Keanakakoi explosions were deepseated within Kilauea, and that the vent rim was substantially lower than the caldera rim. The change from phreatomagmatic to phreatic phases may reflect the progressive degassing and cooling of the magma during deep withdrawal: throughout the phreatomagmatic phases magma vesiculation contributed to the explosive interaction with water by initiating the fragmentation process: thereafter, the principal role of the subsiding magma column was to supply heat for steam production that drove the phreatic explosions of the final phase. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302047","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"McPhie, J., Walker, G., and Christiansen, R., 1990, Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 334-354, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302047.","startPage":"334","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302047"},{"id":223101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a40e4b0c8380cd78df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhie, J.","contributorId":37479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhie","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, G.P.L.","contributorId":17763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}