{"pageNumber":"16","pageRowStart":"375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1766,"records":[{"id":70043297,"text":"sir20125094 - 2013 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Madera, Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T11:34:26","indexId":"sir20125094","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5094","subseriesTitle":"California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Madera, Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 860-square-mile Madera and Chowchilla Subbasins (Madera-Chowchilla study unit) of the San Joaquin Valley Basin was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in California's Central Valley region in parts of Madera, Merced, and Fresno Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The Project was designed to provide statistically robust assessments of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer systems in California. The primary aquifer system within each study unit is defined by the depth of the perforated or open intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database of wells used for municipal and community drinking-water supply. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifer system; shallower groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface. The assessments for the Madera-Chowchilla study unit were based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the USGS from 35 wells during April-May 2008 and water-quality data reported in the CDPH database. Two types of assessments were made: (1) status, assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) understanding, identification of natural factors and human activities affecting groundwater quality. The primary aquifer system is represented by the grid wells, of which 90 percent (%) had depths that ranged from about 200 to 800 feet (ft) below land surface and had depths to the top of perforations that ranged from about 140 to 400 ft below land surface. Relative-concentrations (sample concentrations divided by benchmark concentrations) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration (RC) greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration above a benchmark. RCs for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate) were classified as \"high\" (RC is greater than 1.0), \"moderate\" (RC is less than or equal to 1.0 and greater than 0.1), or \"low\" (RC is less than or equal to 0.1). For inorganic constituents (major and minor ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents), the boundary between low and moderate RCs was set at 0.5. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors; drinking-water benchmarks, and thus relative-concentrations, are used to provide context for the concentrations of constituents measured in groundwater. Aquifer-scale proportion was used in the status assessment as the primary metric for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with RCs greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions are defined as the percentages of the area of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low RCs, respectively. Percentages are based on an areal, rather than a volumetric basis. Two statistical approaches--grid-based, which used one value per grid cell, and spatially weighted, which used multiple values per grid cell--were used to calculate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. The spatially weighted estimates of high aquifer-scale proportions were within the 90% confidence intervals of the grid-based estimates for all constituents except iron. The status assessment showed that inorganic constituents had greater high and moderate aquifer-scale proportions in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit than did organic constituents. RCs for inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were high in 37% of the primary aquifer system, moderate in 30%, and low in 33%. The inorganic constituents contributing most to the high aquifer-scale proportion were arsenic (13%), uranium (17%), gross alpha particle activity (20%), nitrate (6.7%), and vanadium (3.3%). RCs for inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks were high in 6.7% of the primary aquifer system, and the constituent contributing most to the high aquifer-scale proportion was total dissolved solids (TDS). RCs for organic constituents with health-based benchmarks were high in 10% of the primary aquifer system, moderate in 3.3%, and low in 40%; organic constituents were not detected in 47% of the primary aquifer system. The fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) was the only organic constituent detected at high RCs. Seven organic constituents were detected in 10% or more of the primary aquifer system: DBCP; the fumigant additive 1,2,3-trichloropropane; the herbicides simazine, atrazine, and diuron; the trihalomethane chloroform; and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE). RCs for the special-interest constituent perchlorate were moderate in 20% of the primary aquifer system. The second component of this study, the understanding assessment, identified the natural and human factors that may affect groundwater quality by evaluating statistical correlations between water-quality constituents and potential explanatory factors, such as land use, position relative to important geologic features, groundwater age, well depth, and geochemical conditions in the aquifer. Results of the statistical evaluations were used to explain the distribution of constituents in the study unit. Depth to the top of perforations in the well and groundwater age were the most important explanatory factors for many constituents. High and moderate RCs of nitrate, uranium, and TDS and the presence of herbicides, trihalomethanes, and solvents were all associated with depths to the top of perforations less than 235 ft and modern- and mixed-age groundwater. Positive correlations between uranium, bicarbonate, TDS, and the proportion of calcium and magnesium in the total cations suggest that downward movement of recharge from irrigation water contributed to the elevated concentrations of these constituents in the primary aquifer system. High and moderate RCs of arsenic were associated with depths to the top of perforations greater than 235 ft, mixed- and pre-modern-age groundwater, and location in sediments from the Chowchilla River alluvial fan, suggesting that increased residence time and appropriate aquifer materials were needed for arsenic to accumulate in the groundwater. High and moderate RCs of fumigants were associated with depths to the top of perforations of less than 235 ft and location south of the city of Madera; low RCs of fumigants were detected in wells dispersed across the study unit with a range of depths to top of perforations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Jurgens, B., 2013, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Madera, Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5094, x, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125094.","productDescription":"x, 86 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5094.jpg"},{"id":267173,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5094/pdf/sir20125094.pdf"},{"id":267174,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5094/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.133,32.5000 ], [ -114.133,42.0000 ], [ -124.400,42.0000 ], [ -124.400,32.5000 ], [ -114.133,32.5000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a12f3e4b084e2824d68ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094691,"text":"70094691 - 2013 - Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon-dioxide systematics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T10:27:38","indexId":"70094691","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-01T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon-dioxide systematics","docAbstract":"To investigate the source of volatiles and their relationship to the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), 18 groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Big Bend section of the SAFS in southern California and analyzed for helium and carbon abundance and isotopes. Concentrations of 4He, corrected for air-bubble entrainment, vary from 4.15 to 62.7 (× 10− 8) cm3 STP g− 1 H2O. 3He/4He ratios vary from 0.09 to 3.52 RA (where RA = air 3He/4He), consistent with up to 44% mantle helium in samples. A subset of 10 samples was analyzed for the major volatile phase (CO2) — the hypothesized carrier phase of the helium in the mantle–crust system: CO2/3He ratios vary from 0.614 to 142 (× 1011), and δ13C (CO2) values vary from − 21.5 to − 11.9‰ (vs. PDB).\n\n3He/4He ratios and CO2 concentrations are highest in the wells located in the Mil Potrero and Cuddy valleys adjacent to the SAFS. The elevated 3He/4He ratios are interpreted to be a consequence of a mantle volatile flux though the SAFS diluted by radiogenic He produced in the crust. Samples with the highest 3He/4He ratios also had the lowest CO2/3He ratios. The combined helium isotope, He–CO2 elemental relationships, and δ13C (CO2) values of the groundwater volatiles reveal a mixture of mantle and deep crustal (metamorphic) fluid origins. The flux of fluids into the seismogenic zone at high hydrostatic pressure may cause fault rupture, and transfer volatiles into the shallow crust.\n\nWe calculate an upward fluid flow rate of 147 mm a− 1 along the SAFS, up to 37 times higher than previous estimates (Kennedy et al., 1997). However, using newly identified characteristics of the SAFS, we calculate a total flux of 3He along the SAFS of 7.4 × 103 cm3 STP a− 1 (0.33 mol 3He a− 1), and a CO2 flux of 1.5 × 1013 cm3STP a− 1 (6.6 × 108 mol a− 1), ~ 1% of previous estimates. Lower fluxes along the Big Bend section of the SAFS suggest that the flux of mantle volatiles alone is insufficient to cause the super hydrostatic pressure in the seismogenic zone; however, results identify crustal (metamorphic) fluids as a major component of the CO2 volatile budget, which may represent the additional flux necessary for fault weakening pressure in the SAFS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J., Hilton, D., Barry, P., Esser, B.K., Hillegonds, D., and Belitz, K., 2013, Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon-dioxide systematics: Chemical Geology, v. 339, p. 92-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-037023","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,34.666667 ], [ -120.0,35.333333 ], [ -119.0,35.333333 ], [ -119.0,34.666667 ], [ -120.0,34.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"339","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b28e4b0b2908510df3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":80134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, Peter H.","contributorId":66596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"Peter H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esser, Bradley K.","contributorId":33161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hillegonds, Darren","contributorId":85085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillegonds","given":"Darren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042722,"text":"ds706 - 2013 - Groundwater-quality data in the Western San Joaquin Valley study unit, 2010 - Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-31T15:01:03","indexId":"ds706","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"706","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the Western San Joaquin Valley study unit, 2010 - Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 2,170-square-mile Western San Joaquin Valley (WSJV) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from March to July 2010, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program's Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The WSJV study unit was the twenty-ninth study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA-PBP. The GAMA Western San Joaquin Valley study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer system is defined as parts of aquifers corresponding to the perforation intervals of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the WSJV study unit. Groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from the quality in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the WSJV study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 58 wells in 2 study areas (Delta-Mendota subbasin and Westside subbasin) in Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, and Kings Counties. Thirty-nine of the wells were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 19 wells were selected to aid in the understanding of aquifer-system flow and related groundwater-quality issues (understanding wells). The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], low-level fumigants, and pesticides and pesticide degradates), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), and naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], alkalinity, total arsenic and iron [unfiltered] and arsenic, chromium, and iron species [filtered]). Isotopic tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and boron in water, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate, stable isotopes of sulfur in dissolved sulfate, isotopic ratios of strontium in water, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance), dissolved standard gases (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon), and dissolved noble gases (argon, helium-4, krypton, neon, and xenon) were measured to help identify sources and ages of sampled groundwater. In total, 245 constituents and 8 water-quality indicators were measured. Quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, or matrix spikes) were collected at 16 percent of the wells in the WSJV study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data from the groundwater samples. Blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples all were within acceptable limits of variability. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 87 percent of the compounds. This study did not evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers. After withdrawal, groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and (or) blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to water that is delivered to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks. Most inorganic constituents detected in groundwater samples from the 39 grid wells were detected at concentrations less than health-based benchmarks. Detections of organic and special-interest constituents from grid wells sampled in the WSJV study unit also were less than health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 12 of the 39 grid wells sampled (approximately 31 percent), pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 9 grid wells (approximately 23 percent), and perchlorate was detected in 15 grid wells (approximately 38 percent). Trace elements, major and minor ions, and nutrients were sampled for at 39 grid wells; most concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions include two detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), 20 detections of boron greater than the CDPH notification level (NL-CA) of 1,000 μg/L, 2 detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 μg/L, 1 detection of selenium greater than the MCL-US of 50 μg/L, 2 detections of strontium greater than the HAL-US of 4,000 μg/L, and 3 detections of nitrate greater than the MCL-US of 10 μg/L. Results for inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks (iron, manganese, chloride, sulfate, and TDS) showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 μg/L were detected in five grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 μg/L were detected in 16 grid wells. Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA benchmark of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were detected in 14 grid wells, and concentrations in 5 of these wells also were greater than the upper SMCL-CA benchmark of 500 mg/L. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA benchmark of 250 mg/L were measured in 21 grid wells, and concentrations in 13 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 500 mg/L were measured in 36 grid wells, and concentrations in 20 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds706","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program; Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Landon, M.K., Shelton, J.L., and Belitz, K., 2013, Groundwater-quality data in the Western San Joaquin Valley study unit, 2010 - Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 706, x, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds706.","productDescription":"x, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"116","ipdsId":"IP-027484","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_706.jpg"},{"id":266861,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/706/pdf/ds706.pdf"},{"id":266860,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/706/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510b9279e4b0947afa3c8540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042985,"text":"ofr20131021 - 2013 - Groundwater quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T18:11:14","indexId":"ofr20131021","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1021","title":"Groundwater quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2011","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 21 production and domestic wells in the Mohawk River Basin in New York in July 2011 to characterize groundwater quality in the basin. The samples were collected and processed using standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 148 physiochemical properties and constituents, including dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radionuclides, and indicator bacteria. The Mohawk River Basin covers 3,500 square miles in New York and is underlain by shale, sandstone, carbonate, and crystalline bedrock. The bedrock is overlain by till in much of the basin, but surficial deposits of saturated sand and gravel are present in some areas. Nine of the wells sampled in the Mohawk River Basin are completed in sand and gravel deposits, and 12 are completed in bedrock. Groundwater in the Mohawk River Basin was typically neutral or slightly basic; the water typically was very hard. Bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, and sodium were the major ions with the greatest median concentrations; the dominant nutrient was nitrate. Methane was detected in 15 samples. Strontium, iron, barium, boron, and manganese were the trace elements with the highest median concentrations. Four pesticides, all herbicides or their degradates, were detected in four samples at trace levels; three VOCs, including chloroform and two solvents, were detected in four samples. The greatest radon-222 activity, 2,300 picocuries per liter, was measured in a sample from a bedrock well, but the median radon activity was higher in samples from sand and gravel wells than in samples from bedrock wells. Coliform bacteria were detected in five samples with a maximum of 92 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters. Water quality in the Mohawk River Basin is generally good, but concentrations of some constituents equaled or exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards. The standards exceeded are color (1 sample), pH (1 sample), sodium (9 samples), chloride (1 sample), sulfate (2 samples), dissolved solids (7 samples), aluminum (3 samples), iron (8 samples), manganese (6 samples), radon-222 (10 samples), and bacteria (5 samples). Fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were each detected in one sample. Concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, and uranium, and gross alpha activities, did not exceed existing drinking-water standards in any of the samples collected. Methane concentrations in two samples were greater than 28 milligrams per liter, and the maximum measured concentration was 44.3 milligrams per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., and Scott, T., 2013, Groundwater quality in the Mohawk River Basin, New York, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1021, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131021.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266730,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1021/"},{"id":266732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2013_1021.gif"},{"id":266731,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1021/pdf/OFR2013-1021_nystrom_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5108ef6ee4b0d965cd9f22b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Tia-Marie 0000-0002-5677-0544 tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-0544","contributorId":5122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Tia-Marie","email":"tia-mariescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189029,"text":"70189029 - 2013 - Observed ices in the Solar System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:27:44","indexId":"70189029","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Observed ices in the Solar System","docAbstract":"

Ices have been detected and mapped on the Earth and all planets and/or their satellites further from the sun. Water ice is the most common frozen volatile observed and is also unambiguously detected or inferred in every planet and/or their moon(s) except Venus. Carbon dioxide is also extensively found in all systems beyond the Earth except Pluto although it sometimes appears to be trapped rather than as an ice on some objects. The largest deposits of carbon dioxide ice is on Mars. Sulfur dioxide ice is found in the Jupiter system. Nitrogen and methane ices are common beyond the Uranian system. Saturn’s moon Titan probably has the most complex active chemistry involving ices, with benzene (C6H6) and many tentative or inferred compounds including ices of Cyanoacetylene (HC3N), Toluene (C7H8), Cyanogen (C2N2), Acetonitrile (CH3CN), H2O, CO2, and NH3. Confirming compounds on Titan is hampered by its thick smoggy atmosphere. Ammonia was predicted on many icy moons but is notably absent among the definitively detected ices with the possible exception of Enceladus. Comets, storehouses of many compounds that could exist as ices in their nuclei, have only had small amounts of water ice definitively detected on their surfaces. Only one asteroid has had a direct detection of surface water ice, although its presence can be inferred in others. This chapter reviews some of the properties of ices that lead to their detection, and surveys the ices that have been observed on solid surfaces throughout the Solar System.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-3076-6_1","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Grundy, W., Carlson, R.R., and Noll, K., 2013, Observed ices in the Solar System, p. 3-46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3076-6_1.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-021107","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c4e4b0d1f9f05067d0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gudipati, Murthy","contributorId":156337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gudipati","given":"Murthy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18876,"text":"California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702743,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.","contributorId":172691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castillo-Rogez","given":"Julie C.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702744,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundy, Will","contributorId":156333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grundy","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, Robert R.","contributorId":71944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Noll, Keith","contributorId":193877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noll","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70191250,"text":"70191250 - 2013 - Chalcopyrite—bearer of a precious, non-precious metal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T15:16:35","indexId":"70191250","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3877,"text":"Geology Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chalcopyrite—bearer of a precious, non-precious metal","docAbstract":"

The mineral chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the world's most abundant source of copper, a metal component in virtually every piece of electrical equipment. It is the main copper mineral in several different ore deposit types, the most important of which are porphyry deposits. Chalcopyrite is unstable at the Earth's surface, so it weathers from sulphide outcrops and mine waste piles, contributing acid and dissolved copper to what is known as acid rock drainage. If not prevented, dissolved copper from chalcopyrite weathering will be transported downstream, potentially harming ecosystems along the way. Pristine areas are becoming targets for future copper supply as we strive to meet ever-increasing demands for copper by developed and developing nations. Additionally, our uses for copper are expanding to include technology such as solar energy production. This has lead to the processing of increasingly lower grade ores, which is possible, in part, due to advances in bio-leaching (i.e. metal extraction catalysed by micro-organisms). Although copper is plentiful, it is still a nonrenewable resource. Future copper supply promises to fall short of demand and the volatility of the copper market may continue if we do not prioritize copper use and improve copper recycling and ore extraction efficiency.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2451.2013.00862.x","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.E., 2013, Chalcopyrite—bearer of a precious, non-precious metal: Geology Today, v. 29, no. 1, p. 30-35, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2013.00862.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-029960","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502be4b05fe04cc34d7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, Bryn E. bekimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":4184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Bryn","email":"bekimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":711681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193584,"text":"70193584 - 2013 - Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:31:15","indexId":"70193584","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles","docAbstract":"

Microtextures of juvenile pyroclasts from Kīlauea’s (Hawai‘i) early A.D. 2008 explosive activity record the velocity and depth of convection within the basaltic magma-filled conduit. We use X-ray microtomography (μXRT) to document the spatial distribution of bubbles. We find small bubbles (radii from 5 μm to 70 μm) in a halo surrounding larger millimeter-size bubbles. This suggests that dissolved water was enriched around the larger bubbles—the opposite of what is expected if bubbles grow as water diffuses into the bubble. Such volatile enrichment implies that the volatiles within the large bubbles were redissolving into the melt as they descended into the conduit by the downward motion of convecting magma within the lava lake. The thickness of the small bubble halo is ∼100–150 μm, consistent with water diffusing into the melt on time scales on the order of 103 s. Eruptions, triggered by rockfall, rapidly exposed this magma to lower pressures, and the haloes of melt with re-dissolved water became sufficiently supersaturated to cause nucleation of the population of smaller bubbles. The required supersaturation pressures are consistent with a depth of a few hundred meters and convection velocities of the order of 0.1 m s−1, similar to the circulation velocity observed on the surface of the Halema‘uma‘u lava lake.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G33685.1","usgsCitation":"Carey, R.J., Manga, M., Degruyter, W., Gonnermann, H.M., Swanson, D., Houghton, B.F., Orr, T.R., and Patrick, M.R., 2013, Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles: Geology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 395-398, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33685.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"398","ipdsId":"IP-038712","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea","volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eafe4b0531197b28000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, Rebecca J.","contributorId":145530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16141,"text":"University of Tasmania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":84679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Degruyter, Wim","contributorId":145532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degruyter","given":"Wim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gonnermann, Helge M.","contributorId":48465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonnermann","given":"Helge","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35613,"text":"Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Donald donswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":140000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70042126,"text":"70042126 - 2013 - Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T18:34:37.703497","indexId":"70042126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA","docAbstract":"

Mercury is a worldwide contaminant derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. River systems play a key role in the transport and fate of Hg because they drain widespread areas affected by aerial Hg deposition, transport Hg away from point sources, and are sites of Hg biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation. The Madison and Missouri Rivers provide a natural laboratory for studying the fate and transport of Hg contributed by geothermal discharge in Yellowstone National Park and from the atmosphere for a large drainage basin in Montana and Wyoming, United States of America (USA). Assessing Hg in these rivers also is important because they support fishery-based recreation and irrigated agriculture. During 2002 to 2006, Hg concentrations were measured in water, sediment, and fish from the main stem, 7 tributaries, and 6 lakes. Using these data, the geothermal Hg load to the Madison River and overall fate of Hg along 378 km of the Missouri River system were assessed. Geothermal Hg was the primary source of elevated total Hg concentrations in unfiltered water (6.2–31.2 ng/L), sediment (148–1100 ng/g), and brown and rainbow trout (0.12– 1.23 µg total Hg/g wet weight skinless filet) upstream from Hebgen Lake (the uppermost impoundment). Approximately 7.0 kg/y of geothermal Hg was discharged from the park via the Madison River, and an estimated 87% of that load was lost to sedimentation in and volatilization from Hebgen Lake. Consequently, Hg concentrations in water, sediment, and fish from main-stem sites downstream from Hebgen Lake were not elevated and were comparable to concentrations reported for other areas affected solely by atmospheric Hg deposition. Some Hg was sequestered in sediment in the downstream lakes. Bioaccumulation of Hg in fish along the river system was strongly correlated (r2=0.76–0.86) with unfiltered total and methyl Hg concentrations in water and total Hg in sediment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., Caldwell, R.R., Skaar, D.R., and Selch, T.M., 2013, Fate of geothermal mercury from Yellowstone National Park in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 443, p. 40-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-034322","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,44.75 ], [ -112,46.5 ], [ -111.2,46.5 ], [ -111.2,44.75 ], [ -112,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"443","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cffae4b0a4aa5bb0aeec","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.080","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Nimick David A., Caldwell Rodney R., Skaar Donald R., Selch Trevor M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"1/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skaar, Donald R.","contributorId":45200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selch, Trevor M.","contributorId":42854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selch","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042468,"text":"sir20125040 - 2012 - Status of groundwater quality in the California Desert Region, 2006-2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-09T15:13:55","indexId":"sir20125040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5040","title":"Status of groundwater quality in the California Desert Region, 2006-2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in six areas in the California Desert Region (Owens, Antelope, Mojave, Coachella, Colorado River, and Indian Wells) was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The six Desert studies were designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated groundwater in parts of the Desert and the Basin and Range hydrogeologic provinces, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing groundwater quality to other areas in California and across the Nation. Samples were collected by the USGS from September 2006 through April 2008 from 253 wells in Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Mono, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. Two-hundred wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide a spatially unbiased representation of the study areas (grid wells), and fifty-three wells were sampled to provide additional insight into groundwater conditions (additional wells). The status of the current quality of the groundwater resource was assessed based on data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and inorganic constituents such as major ions and trace elements. Water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database also were incorporated in the assessment. The status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of untreated groundwater resources within the primary aquifer systems of the Desert Region, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter, primary aquifers) in the six Desert areas are defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation intervals of wells listed in the CDPH database. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the benchmark concentration) were used as the primary metric for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal and (or) California benchmarks. A relative-concentration (RC) greater than (>) 1.0 indicates a concentration above a benchmark, and an RC less than or equal to (≤) 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or below a benchmark. Organic and special-interest constituent RCs were classified as “low” (RC ≤ 0.1), “moderate” (0.1 < RC ≤ 1.0), or “high” (RC > 1.0). Inorganic constituent RCs were classified as “low” (RC ≤ 0.5), “moderate” (0.5 < RC ≤ 1.0), or “high” (RC > 1.0). A lower threshold value RC was used to distinguish between low and moderate RCs for organic constituents because these constituents are generally less prevalent and have smaller RCs than inorganic constituents. Aquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion was defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifers with an RC greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the percentage of the primary aquifers with moderate and low RCs, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable in the Desert Region (within 90 percent confidence intervals). The status assessment determined that one or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks had high RCs in 35.4 percent of the Desert Region’s primary aquifers, moderate RCs in 27.4 percent, and low RCs in 37.2 percent. The inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks having the largest high aquifer-scale proportions were arsenic (17.8 percent), boron (11.4 percent), fluoride (8.9 percent), gross-alpha radioactivity (6.6 percent), molybdenum (5.7 percent), strontium (3.7 percent), vanadium (3.6 percent), uranium (3.2 percent), and perchlorate (2.4 percent). Inorganic constituents with non-health-based benchmarks were also detected at high RCs in 18.6 percent and at moderate RCs in 16.0 percent of the Desert Region’s primary aquifers. In contrast, organic constituents had high RCs in only 0.3 percent of the Desert Region’s primary aquifers, moderate in 2.0 percent, low in 48.0 percent, and were not detected in 49.7 percent of the primary aquifers in the Desert Region. Of 149 organic constituents analyzed for all six study areas, 42 constituents were detected. Six organic constituents, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloropropane, dieldrin, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene, were found at moderate RCs in one or more of the grid wells. One constituent, N-nitrosodimethylamine, a special-interest VOC, was detected at a high RC in one well. Thirty-nine organic constituents were detected only at low concentrations. Three organic constituents were frequently detected (in more than 10 percent of samples from grid wells): chloroform, simazine, and deethylatrazine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. This report has related reports. Please see: FS 2012-3032, FS 2012-3033, FS 2012-3034, FS 2012-3035, FS 2012-3036, FS 2012-3098.","usgsCitation":"Dawson, B.J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Status of groundwater quality in the California Desert Region, 2006-2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5040, Report: viii, 110 p.; Related Reports: FS 2012-3032, FS 2012-3033, FS 2012-3034, FS 2012-3035, FS 2012-3036, FS 2012-3098, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125040.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 110 p.; Related Reports: FS 2012-3032, FS 2012-3033, FS 2012-3034, FS 2012-3035, FS 2012-3036, FS 2012-3098","numberOfPages":"122","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5040.jpg"},{"id":265475,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3032"},{"id":265476,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3033"},{"id":265478,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3036"},{"id":265477,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3035"},{"id":265479,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3034"},{"id":265480,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3098"},{"id":265473,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5040/"},{"id":265474,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5040/pdf/sir20125040.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ee9176e4b0160a2d0ee347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Barbara J. Milby 0000-0002-0209-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-8158","contributorId":57334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J. Milby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042379,"text":"fs20123138 - 2012 - Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination: Rio Grande aquifer system in Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-06T12:14:53","indexId":"fs20123138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3138","title":"Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination: Rio Grande aquifer system in Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This fact sheet highlights findings from the vulnerability study of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico (hereafter referred to as “the study well”). The study well produces about 3,000 gallons of water per minute from the Rio Grande aquifer system. Water samples were collected at the study well, at two other nearby public-supply wells, and at monitoring wells installed in or near the simulated zone of contribution to the study well. Untreated water samples from the study well contained arsenic at concentrations exceeding the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrate also were detected, although at concentrations at least an order of magnitude less than established drinking-water standards, where such standards exist. Overall, study findings point to four primary influences on the movement and (or) fate of contaminants and the vulnerability of the public-supply well in Albuquerque: (1) groundwater age (how long ago water entered, or recharged, the aquifer), (2) groundwater development (introduction of manmade recharge and discharge sources), (3) natural geochemical conditions of the aquifer, and (4) seasonal pumping stresses. Concentrations of the isotope carbon-14 indicate that groundwater from most sampled wells in the local study area is predominantly water that entered, or recharged, the aquifer more than 6,000 years ago. However, the additional presence of the age tracer tritium in several groundwater samples at concentrations above 0.3 tritium units indicates that young (post-1950) recharge is reaching the aquifer across broad areas beneath Albuquerque. This young recharge is mixing with the thousands-of-years-old water, is migrating to depths as great as 245 feet below the water table, and is traveling to some (but not all) of the public-supply wells sampled. Most groundwater samples containing a fraction of young water also contain manmade VOCs, including chloroform (a byproduct of drinking-water chlorination), which indicates that the source of young recharge is, at least in part, infiltration of chlorinated municipal-supply water from leaking waterlines and sewerlines or from turf watering. Other likely manmade, urban recharge sources are seepage from constructed ponds and unlined portions of a stormwater diversion channel. A regional-scale computer-model simulation of groundwater flow and transport to the public-supply well shows that manmade sources of recharge and discharge that were added after about 1930 have greatly altered directions of groundwater flow near Albuquerque and have caused water levels to decline by as much as 120 feet. Local-scale simulations show that seasonal changes in the pumping schedule of the study well affect the age and quality of water produced by the well. Increased pumping during the summer causes significant volumes of water to flow downward from the shallow to the intermediate zones of the aquifer, causing a higher fraction of young water to be produced by the well in the summer than in the winter months and a corresponding increase in VOC detections in the summer relative to the winter. During the winter when the study-well pump is idle for several hours each day, old, high-arsenic water from the deep zone of the aquifer travels up the wellbore and exits into the intermediate zone of the aquifer. When the pump is activated in the winter (for a relatively short time each day), some of the leaked, high-arsenic water is recaptured by the well. This results in a higher arsenic concentration (commonly more than 12 µg/L) in water produced in the winter than in the summer, and a smaller fraction of young water being produced by the well in the winter than in the summer (6 percent in the winter, compared to 11 percent in the summer). Knowledge of the vertical flow direction (both natural and pumping-enhanced) in the vicinity of a long-screened well, coupled with understanding of variations in contaminant concentrations with depth in the aquifer, can help water managers predict the positive or negative effect that wellbore flow will have on water quality and can lead to development of strategies to mitigate contamination (such as changes in pumping schedules or development of devices to inhibit wellbore flow when the pump is off).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123138","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment, Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to Public-Supply Wells","usgsCitation":"Jagucki, M.L., Bexfield, L.M., Heywood, C.E., and Eberts, S., 2012, Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination: Rio Grande aquifer system in Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3138, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123138.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265301,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3138/"},{"id":265302,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3138/pdf/fs2012-3138.pdf"},{"id":265303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3138.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.666667,35.041667 ], [ -106.666667,35.1 ], [ -106.608333,35.1 ], [ -106.608333,35.041667 ], [ -106.666667,35.041667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ea9cebe4b02dd6076fad87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagucki, Martha L. 0000-0003-3798-8393 mjagucki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-8393","contributorId":1794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"Martha","email":"mjagucki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042382,"text":"sir20105070F - 2012 - Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T20:13:40.290191","indexId":"sir20105070F","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"F","title":"Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits","docAbstract":"

Current global and domestic mineral resources of beryllium (Be) for industrial uses are dominated by ores produced from deposits of the volcanogenic Be type. Beryllium deposits of this type can form where hydrothermal fluids interact with fluorine and lithophile-element (uranium, thorium, rubidium, lithium, beryllium, cesium, tantalum, rare earth elements, and tin) enriched volcanic rocks that contain a highly reactive lithic component, such as carbonate clasts. Volcanic and hypabyssal high-silica biotite-bearing topaz rhyolite constitutes the most well-recognized igneous suite associated with such Be deposits. The exemplar setting is an extensional tectonic environment, such as that characterized by the Basin and Range Province, where younger topaz-bearing igneous rock sequences overlie older dolomite, quartzite, shale, and limestone sequences. Mined deposits and related mineralized rocks at Spor Mountain, Utah, make up a unique economic deposit of volcanogenic Be having extensive production and proven and probable reserves. Proven reserves in Utah, as reported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Information Center, total about 15,900 tons of Be that are present in the mineral bertrandite (Be4Si2O7(OH)2). At the type locality for volcanogenic Be, Spor Mountain, the tuffaceous breccias and stratified tuffs that host the Be ore formed as a result of explosive volcanism that brought carbonate and other lithic fragments to the surface through vent structures that cut the underlying dolomitic Paleozoic sedimentary rock sequences. The tuffaceous sediments and lithic clasts are thought to make up phreatomagmatic base surge deposits. Hydrothermal fluids leached Be from volcanic glass in the tuff and redeposited the Be as bertrandite upon reaction of the hydrothermal fluid with carbonate clasts in lithic-rich sections of tuff. The localization of the deposits in tuff above fluorite-mineralized faults in carbonate rocks, together with isotopic evidence for the involvement of magmatic water in an otherwise meteoric water-dominated hydrothermal system, indicate that magmatic volatiles contributed to mineralization. At the type locality, hydrothermal alteration of dolomite clasts formed layered nodules of calcite, opal, fluorite, and bertrandite, the latter occurring finely intergrown with fluorite. Alteration assemblages and elemental enrichments in the tuff and surrounding volcanic rocks include regional diagenetic clays and potassium feldspar and distinctive hydrothermal halos of anomalous fluorine, lithium, molybdenum, niobium, tin, and tantalum, and intense potassium feldspathization with sericite and lithium-smectite in the immediate vicinity of Be ore. Formation of volcanogenic Be deposits is due to the coincidence of multiple factors that include an appropriate Be-bearing source rock, a subjacent pluton that supplied volatiles and heat to drive convection of meteoric groundwater, a depositional site characterized by the intersection of normal faults with permeable tuff below a less permeable cap rock, a fluorine-rich ore fluid that facilitated Be transport (for example, BeF42- complex), and the existence of a chemical trap that caused fluorite and bertrandite to precipitate at the former site of carbonate lithic clasts in the tuff.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070F","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., Hofstra, A.H., Lindsey, D.A., Seal, R., Jaskula, B.W., and Piatak, N., 2012, Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070F.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5070_F.gif"},{"id":399523,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98030.htm"},{"id":265310,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/f/"},{"id":265311,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/f/SIR10-5070F.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50eaabf2e4b02dd6076fadb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaskula, Brian W. bjaskula@usgs.gov","contributorId":1935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"Brian","email":"bjaskula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041292,"text":"70041292 - 2012 - Modeling the formation of porphyry-copper ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:37:17","indexId":"70041292","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the formation of porphyry-copper ores","docAbstract":"Porphyry-copper ore systems, the source of much of the world's copper and molybdenum, form when metal-bearing fluids are expelled from shallow, degassing magmas. On page 1613 of this issue, Weis et al. (1) demonstrate that self-organizing processes focus metal deposition. Specifically, their simulation studies indicate that ores develop as consequences of dynamic variations in rock permeability driven by injection of volatile species from rising magmas. Scenarios with a static permeability structure could not reproduce key field observations, whereas dynamic permeability responses to magmatic-fluid injection localized a metal-precipitation front where enrichment by a factor of 103 could be achieved [for an overview of their numerical-simulation model CSMP++, see (2)].","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1231706","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., 2012, Modeling the formation of porphyry-copper ores: Science, v. 338, no. 6114, p. 1551-1552, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231706.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1552","ipdsId":"IP-041919","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274351,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1231706"}],"volume":"338","issue":"6114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4ebe4b0ca1848338a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044201,"text":"70044201 - 2012 - A major light rare-earth element (LREE) resource in the Khanneshin carbonatite complex, southern Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T11:29:46","indexId":"70044201","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A major light rare-earth element (LREE) resource in the Khanneshin carbonatite complex, southern Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The rapid rise in world demand for the rare-earth elements (REEs) has expanded the search for new REE resources. We document two types of light rare-earth element (LREE)-enriched rocks in the Khanneshin carbonatite complex of southern Afghanistan: type 1 concordant seams of khanneshite-(Ce), synchysite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce) within banded barite-strontianite alvikite, and type 2 igneous dikes of coarse-grained carbonatite, enriched in fluorine or phosphorus, containing idiomorphic crystals of khanneshite-(Ce) or carbocernaite. Type 1 mineralized barite-strontianite alvikite averages 22.25 wt % BaO, 4.27 wt % SrO, and 3.25 wt % ∑ LREE2O3 (sum of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd oxides). Type 2 igneous dikes average 14.51 wt % BaO, 5.96 wt % SrO, and 3.77 wt % ∑ LREE2O3. A magmatic origin is clearly indicated for the type 2 LREE-enriched dikes, and type 1 LREE mineralization probably formed in the presence of LREE-rich hydrothermal fluid. Both types of LREE mineralization may be penecontemporaneous, having formed in a carbonate-rich magma in the marginal zone of the central vent, highly charged with volatile constituents (i.e., CO2, F, P2O5), and strongly enriched in Ba, Sr, and the LREE. Based on several assumptions, and employing simple geometry for the zone of LREE enrichment, we estimate that at least 1.29 Mt (million metric tonnes) of LREE2O3 is present in this part of the Khanneshin carbonatite complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.2.197","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Belkin, H.E., Schulz, K.J., Peters, S., Horton, F., Buttleman, K., and Scott, E.R., 2012, A major light rare-earth element (LREE) resource in the Khanneshin carbonatite complex, southern Afghanistan: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 2, p. 197-208, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.2.197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"208","ipdsId":"IP-034879","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270565,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.2.197"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515ea0e4e4b088aa22580942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Robert D. 0000-0001-8463-4358 rtucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-4358","contributorId":2007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Robert","email":"rtucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, Stephen G. speters@usgs.gov","contributorId":2793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen G.","email":"speters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horton, Forrest","contributorId":17110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Forrest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buttleman, Kim","contributorId":68619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buttleman","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, Emily R.","contributorId":68188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70044449,"text":"70044449 - 2012 - Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T13:45:14","indexId":"70044449","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"Twenty-four halogenated volatile organic compounds (hVOCs) and SF6 were measured in groundwater samples collected from 312 wells across California at concentrations as low as 10–12 grams per kilogram groundwater. The hVOCs detected are predominately anthropogenic (i.e., “ahVOCs”) and as such their distribution delineates where groundwaters are impacted and susceptible to human activity. ahVOC detections were broadly consistent with air-saturated water concentrations in equilibrium with a combination of industrial-era global and regional hVOC atmospheric abundances. However, detection of ahVOCs in nearly all of the samples collected, including ancient groundwaters, suggests the presence of a sampling or analytical artifact that confounds interpretation of the very-low concentration ahVOC data. To increase our confidence in ahVOC detections we establish screening levels based on ahVOC concentrations in deep wells drawing ancient groundwater in Owens Valley. Concentrations of ahVOCs below the Owens Valley screening levels account for a large number of the detections in prenuclear groundwater across California without significant loss of ahVOC detections in shallow, recently recharged groundwaters. Over 80% of the groundwaters in this study contain at least one ahVOC after screening, indicating that the footprint of human industry is nearly ubiquitous and that most California groundwaters are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es303546b","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D.A., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 24, p. 13128-13135, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303546b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13128","endPage":"13135","ipdsId":"IP-040240","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270880,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es303546b"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516bcfe9e4b0eae401aec237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, Daniel A. ddeeds@usgs.gov","contributorId":83003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"Daniel","email":"ddeeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042268,"text":"ofr20121237 - 2012 - Establishment of sentinel sampling sites to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and biota related to visitor use at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T11:58:49","indexId":"ofr20121237","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1237","title":"Establishment of sentinel sampling sites to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and biota related to visitor use at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, 2004-2006","docAbstract":"Twenty sentinel sampling sites were established and sampled during 2004–06 at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service—Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The sentinel sampling sites provide sampling locations on Lake Powell, the Nation’s second largest reservoir that can be visited and sampled repeatedly over time to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and also biota. The sites were established in response to an Environmental Impact Statement that addressed the use of personal watercraft on Lake Powell. The use of personal watercraft can potentially introduce hydrocarbons and other contaminants and are of concern to the health of visitors and aquatic habitats of these environments. Data from this initial sampling period (2004–06) include (1) discrete measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and water clarity; (2) major ions, nutrients, and organic carbon; (3) trace elements including rare earths; (4) organic compounds including oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds; (5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lakebed sediments; and (6) continuous depth profile measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Also, the National Park Service-Glen Canyon National Recreation Area collected bacteria samples during this initial sampling period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., Taylor, H.E., and Anderson, G., 2012, Establishment of sentinel sampling sites to monitor changes in water and sediment quality and biota related to visitor use at Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah, 2004-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1237, Report: vi, 25 p.; Table 1; 6 Appendixes: A-F, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121237.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Table 1; 6 Appendixes: A-F","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1237.gif"},{"id":264957,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/of2012-1237_appendixes_a_c-f.xlsx"},{"id":264958,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/of2012-1237_appendix_b.xlsx"},{"id":264955,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/"},{"id":264956,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1237/of2012-1237_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon National Recreation Area;Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,36.75 ], [ -111.75,38.0 ], [ -110.25,38.0 ], [ -110.25,36.75 ], [ -111.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cff6e4b0a4aa5bb0aeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.M.","contributorId":106373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041405,"text":"70041405 - 2012 - Degassing of Cl, F, Li and Be during extrusion and crystallization of the rhyolite dome at Volcán Chaitén, Chile during 2008 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:01:37","indexId":"70041405","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degassing of Cl, F, Li and Be during extrusion and crystallization of the rhyolite dome at Volcán Chaitén, Chile during 2008 and 2009","docAbstract":"We investigated the distribution of Cl, F, Li, and Be in pumices, obsidians, and crystallized dome rocks at Chaitén volcano in 2008–2009 in order to explore the behavior of these elements during explosive and effusive volcanic activity. Electron and ion microprobe analyses of matrix and inclusion glasses from pumice, obsidian, and microlite-rich dome rock indicate that Cl and other elements were lost primarily during crystallization of the rhyolitic dome after it had approached the surface. Glass in pumice and microlite-free obsidian has 888 ± 121 ppm Cl, whereas residual glass in evolved microlite-rich dome rock generally retains less Cl (as low as <100 ppm). Estimated Cl losses were likely >0.7 Mt Cl, with a potential maximum of 1.8 Mt for the entire 0.8-km3 dome. Elemental variations reflect an integrated bulk distribution ratio for Cl > 1.7 (1.7 times more Cl was degassed or incorporated into crystals than remained in the melt). Because Cl is lost dominantly as the very last H2O is degassed, and Cl is minimally (if at all) partitioned into microlites, the integrated vapor/melt distribution ratio for Cl exceeds 200 (200 times more Cl in the evolved vapor than in the melt). Cl is likely lost as HCl, which is readily partitioned into magmatic vapor at low pressure. Cl loss is accelerated by the change in the composition of the residual melt due to microlite growth. Cl loss also may be affected by open-system gas fluxing. Integrated vapor-melt distribution ratios for Li, F, and Be all exceed 1,000. On degassing, an unknown fraction of these volatiles could be immediately dissolved in rainwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-012-0663-4","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Bleick, H., Vazquez, J.A., Castro, J.M., and Larson, P.B., 2012, Degassing of Cl, F, Li and Be during extrusion and crystallization of the rhyolite dome at Volcán Chaitén, Chile during 2008 and 2009: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 10, p. 2303-2319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0663-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2303","endPage":"2319","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037556","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263710,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0663-4"},{"id":263711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Volc�n Chait�n","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.661085,-42.847669 ], [ -72.661085,-42.827666 ], [ -72.641077,-42.827666 ], [ -72.641077,-42.847669 ], [ -72.661085,-42.847669 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb78fe4b01744973f778a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bleick, Heather","contributorId":69248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Castro, Jonathan M.","contributorId":45198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Peter B.","contributorId":22645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041307,"text":"sir20125156 - 2012 - Estimated probability of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:53:54","indexId":"sir20125156","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5156","title":"Estimated probability of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire, 2011","docAbstract":"

Probabilities of arsenic occurrence in groundwater from bedrock aquifers at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L) were estimated during 2011 using multivariate logistic regression. These estimates were developed for use by the New Hampshire Environmental Public Health Tracking Program. About 39 percent of New Hampshire bedrock groundwater was identified as having at least a 50 percent chance of containing an arsenic concentration greater than or equal to 1 µg/L. This compares to about 7 percent of New Hampshire bedrock groundwater having at least a 50 percent chance of containing an arsenic concentration equaling or exceeding 5 µg/L and about 5 percent of the State having at least a 50 percent chance for its bedrock groundwater to contain concentrations at or above 10 µg/L. The southeastern counties of Merrimack, Strafford, Hillsborough, and Rockingham have the greatest potential for having arsenic concentrations above 5 and 10 µg/L in bedrock groundwater.

\n

Significant predictors of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers for all three thresholds analyzed included geologic, geochemical, land use, hydrologic, topographic, and demographic factors. Among the three thresholds evaluated, there were some differences in explanatory variables, but many variables were the same. More than 250 individual predictor variables were assembled for this study and tested as potential predictor variables for the models. More than 1,700 individual measurements of arsenic concentration from a combination of public and private water-supply wells served as the dependent (or predicted) variable in the models.

\n

The statewide maps generated by the probability models are not designed to predict arsenic concentration in any single well, but they are expected to provide useful information in areas of the State that currently contain little to no data on arsenic concentration. They also may aid in resource decision making, in determining potential risk for private wells, and in ecological-level analysis of disease outcomes. The approach for modeling arsenic in groundwater could also be applied to other environmental contaminants that have potential implications for human health, such as uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese, volatile organic compounds, nitrate, and bacteria.

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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Keith W. kwrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","email":"kwrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70058945,"text":"70058945 - 2012 - Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:15:29","indexId":"70058945","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T10:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The well-documented eruptive history of Mount Mazama, Oregon, provides an excellent opportunity to use pre-eruptive volatile concentrations to study the growth of an explosive silicic magmatic system. Melt inclusions (MI) hosted in pyroxene and plagioclase crystals from eight dacitic–rhyodacitic eruptive deposits (71–7.7 ka) were analyzed to determine variations in volatile-element concentrations and changes in magma storage conditions leading up to and including the climactic eruption of Crater Lake caldera. Temperatures (Fe–Ti oxides) increased through the series of dacites, then decreased, and increased again through the rhyodacites (918–968 to ~950 to 845–895 °C). Oxygen fugacity began at nickel–nickel-oxide buffer (NNO) +0.8 (71 ka), dropped slightly to NNO +0.3, and then climbed to its highest value with the climactic eruption (7.7 ka) at NNO +1.1 log units. In parallel with oxidation state, maximum MI sulfur concentrations were high early in the eruptive sequence (~500 ppm), decreased (to ~200 ppm), and then increased again with the climactic eruption (~500 ppm). Maximum MI sulfur correlates with the Sr content (as a proxy for LREE, Ba, Rb, P2O5) of recharge magmas, represented by basaltic andesitic to andesitic enclaves and similar-aged lavas. These results suggest that oxidized Sr-rich recharge magmas dominated early and late in the development of the pre-climactic dacite–rhyodacite system. Dissolved H2O concentrations in MI do not, however, correlate with these changes in dominant recharge magma, instead recording vapor solubility relations in the developing shallow magma storage and conduit region. Dissolved H2O concentrations form two populations through time: the first at 3–4.6 wt% (with a few extreme values up to 6.1 wt%) and the second at ≤2.4 wt%. CO2 concentrations measured in a subset of these inclusions reach up to 240 ppm in early-erupted deposits (71 ka) and are below detection in climactic deposits (7.7 ka). Combined H2O and CO2 concentrations and solubility models indicate a dominant storage region at 4–7 km (up to 12 km), with drier inclusions that diffusively re-equilibrated and/or were trapped at shallower depths. Boron and Cl (except in the climactic deposit) largely remained in the melt, suggesting vapor–melt partition coefficients and gas fractions were low. Modeled Li, F, and S vapor–melt partition coefficients are higher than those of B and Cl. The decrease in maximum MI CO2 concentration following the earliest dacitic eruptions is interpreted to result from a broadening of the shallow storage region to greater than the diameter of subjacent feeders, so that greater proportions of reservoir magma were to the side of CO2-bearing vapor bubbles ascending vertically from the locus of recharge magma injection, thereby escaping recarbonation by streaming vapor bubbles. The Mazama melt inclusions provide a picture of a growing magma storage region, where chemical variations in melt and magma occur due to changes in the nature and supply rate of magma recharge, the timing of degassing, and the possible degree of equilibration with gases from below.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8","usgsCitation":"Wright, H.M., Bacon, C.R., Vazquez, J.A., and Sisson, T.W., 2012, Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 164, no. 6, p. 1027-1052, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1052","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-037119","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280346,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,40.0 ], [ -130.0,50.0 ], [ -120.0,50.0 ], [ -120.0,40.0 ], [ -130.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"164","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7306e4b0b29085108ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040977,"text":"sir20125139 - 2012 - Evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) blank data and application of study reporting levels to groundwater data collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-27T20:00:08","indexId":"sir20125139","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5139","title":"Evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) blank data and application of study reporting levels to groundwater data collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in quality-control samples collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project. From May 2004 through September 2010, a total of 2,026 groundwater samples, 211 field blanks, and 109 source-solution blanks were collected and analyzed for concentrations of 85 VOCs. Results from analyses of these field and source-solution blanks and of 2,411 laboratory instrument blanks during the same time period were used to assess the quality of data for the 2,026 groundwater samples. Eighteen VOCs were detected in field blanks or source-solution blanks: acetone, benzene, bromodichloromethane, 2-butanone, carbon disulfide, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethene, dichloromethane, ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethene, styrene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trichloroethene, trichlorofluoromethane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m- and p-xylenes, and o-xylene.\n\nThe objective of the evaluation of the VOC-blank data was to determine if study reporting levels (SRLs) were needed for any of the VOCs detected in blanks to ensure the quality of the data from groundwater samples. An SRL is equivalent to a raised reporting level that is used in place of the reporting level used by the analyzing laboratory [long‑term method detection level (LT-MDL) or laboratory reporting level (LRL)] to reduce the probability of reporting false-positive detections. Evaluation of VOC-blank data was done in three stages: (1) identification of a set of representative quality‑control field blanks (QCFBs) to be used for calculation of SRLs and identification of VOCs amenable to the SRL approach, (2) evaluation of potential sources of contamination to blanks and groundwater samples by VOCs detected in field blanks, and (3) selection of appropriate SRLs from among four potential SRLs for VOCs detected in field blanks and application of those SRLs to the groundwater data. An important conclusion from this study is that to ensure the quality of the data from groundwater samples, it was necessary to apply different methods of determining SRLs from field blank data to different VOCs, rather than use the same method for all VOCs.\n\nFour potential SRL values were defined by using three approaches: two values were defined by using a binomial probability method based on one-sided, nonparametric upper confidence limits, one was defined as equal to the maximum concentration detected in the field blanks, and one was defined as equal to the maximum laboratory method detection level used during the period when samples were collected for the project. The differences in detection frequencies and concentrations among different types of blanks (laboratory instrument blanks, source-solution blanks, and field blanks collected with three different sampling equipment configurations) and groundwater samples were used to infer the sources and mechanisms of contamination for each VOC detection in field blanks. Other chemical data for the groundwater samples (oxidation-reduction state, co-occurrence of VOCs, groundwater age) and ancillary information about the well sites (land use, presence of known sources of contamination) were used to evaluate whether the patterns of detections of VOCs in groundwater samples before and after application of potential SRLs were plausible. On this basis, the appropriate SRL was selected for each VOC that was determined to require an SRL.\n\nThe SRLs for ethylbenzene [0.06 microgram per liter (μg/L)], m- and p-xylenes (0.33 μg/L), o-xylene (0.12 μg/L), toluene (0.69 μg/L), and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (0.56 μg/L) corresponded to the highest concentrations detected in the QCFBs and were selected because they resulted in the most censoring of groundwater data. Comparisons of hydrocarbon ratios in groundwater samples and blanks and comparisons between detection frequencies of the five hydrocarbons in groundwater samples and different types of blanks suggested three dominant sources of contamination that affected groundwater samples and blanks: (1) ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylenes, o-xylene, and toluene from fuel or exhaust components sorbed onto sampling lines, (2) toluene from vials and the source blank water, and (3) 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene from materials used for collection of samples for radon-222 analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125139","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., Olsen, L., and Belitz, K., 2012, Evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) blank data and application of study reporting levels to groundwater data collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5139, viii, 94 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125139.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"106","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5139.jpg"},{"id":263430,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5139/"},{"id":263431,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5139/pdf/sir20125139.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dca8b1e4b0d55926e3ec23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040809,"text":"sir20125186 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T10:45:15","indexId":"sir20125186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5186","title":"Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008","docAbstract":"Approximately 42 percent of all West Virginians rely on groundwater for their domestic water supply. However, prior to 2008, the quality of the West Virginia’s groundwater resource was largely unknown. The need for a statewide assessment of groundwater quality prompted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP), Division of Water and Waste Management, to develop an ambient groundwater-quality monitoring program.\n\nThe USGS West Virginia Water Science Center sampled 300 wells, of which 80 percent were public-supply wells, over a 10-year period, 1999–2008. Sites for this statewide ambient groundwater-quality monitoring program were selected to provide wide areal coverage and to represent a variety of environmental settings. The resulting 300 samples were supplemented with data from a related monitoring network of 24 wells and springs.\n\nAll samples were analyzed for field measurements (water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen), major ions, trace elements, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, fecal indicator bacteria, and radon-222. Sub-sets of samples were analyzed for pesticides or semi-volatile organic compounds; site selection was based on local land use.\n\nSamples were grouped for comparison by geologic age of the aquifer, Groups included Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Quaternary aquifers. A comparison of samples indicated that geologic age of the aquifer was the largest contributor to variability in groundwater quality.\n\nThis study did not attempt to characterize drinking water provided through public water systems. All samples were of raw, untreated groundwater. Drinking-water criteria apply to water that is served to the public, not to raw water. However, drinking water criteria, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL), non-enforceable secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL), non-enforceable proposed MCL, or non-enforceable advisory health-based screening level (HBSL), were used as benchmarks against which to compare analytical results.\n\nConstituent concentrations were less than the MCLs in most samples. However, some samples exceeded non-enforceable SMCLs, proposed MCLs, or advisory HBSLs. Radon-222 concentrations exceeded the proposed MCL of 300 pCi/L in 45 percent of samples, and iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 300 µg/L in 57 percent of samples. Manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL (50 µg/L) in 62 percent of samples and greater than the HBSL (300 µg/L) in 25 percent of the samples. Other sampled constituents, including organic compounds and trace elements, exceeded drinking-water criteria at much lower frequencies.\n\nThe radon-222 median concentrations in samples from Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Permian, and Quaternary aquifers exceeded the proposed 300 pCi/L MCL. Although median radon concentrations for wells in Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian aquifers were less than the proposed MCL, radon concentrations greater than the proposed MCL were measured in samples from aquifers of all geologic ages.\n\nThe median iron concentrations for samples from Devonian and Pennsylvanian aquifers were greater than the 300 µg/L SMCL. Iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL in aquifers of all geologic ages, except Cambrian. Median concentrations of manganese exceeded the SMCL in samples from Devonian, Pennsylvanian, and Quaternary aquifers. As with iron, manganese concentrations were found to exceed the SMCL in at least one sample from aquifers of all geologic ages, except Cambrian.\n\nPesticides were detected most frequently and in higher concentrations in limestone-dominated areas. Most of West Virginia’s agriculture is concentrated in those areas.\n\nThis study, the most comprehensive assessment of West Virginia groundwater quality to date, indicates the water quality of West Virginia’s groundwater is generally good; in the majority of cases raw-water samples met primary drinking water-criteria. However, some constituents, notably iron and manganese, exceeded the secondary drinking criteria in more than half the samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., Kozar, M.D., White, J.S., and Paybins, K.S., 2012, Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5186, viii, 47 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125186.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263260,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5186/"},{"id":263261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5186/pdf/sir2012-5186.pdf"},{"id":263262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5186.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.64,37.2 ], [ -82.64,40.64 ], [ -77.72,40.64 ], [ -77.72,37.2 ], [ -82.64,37.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb7ce4b0afbc75eb980c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-1501-1074 jswhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1074","contributorId":3905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jswhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040641,"text":"ds731 - 2012 - Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-06T15:57:44","indexId":"ds731","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"731","title":"Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011","docAbstract":"Previous investigations indicate that concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds are substantial in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural attenuation processes was the preferred remedy selected by the U.S. Navy, as specified in the Record of Decision for the site. The U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations on the landfill in spring 1999 to remove and to control the migration of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater. The U.S. Geological Survey has continued to monitor groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified in the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data collected at Operable Unit 1 by the U.S. Geological Survey during June 20-22, 2011, in support of long-term monitoring for natural attenuation. In 2011, groundwater samples were collected from 13 wells and 9 piezometers. Samples from all wells and piezometers were analyzed for redox sensitive constituents and dissolved gases, and samples from 5 of 13 wells and all piezometers also were analyzed for chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of redox sensitive constituents measured in 2011 were consistent with previous years, with dissolved oxygen concentrations all at 0.4 milligram per liter or less; little to no detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and commonly detected sulfide. The reductive declorination byproducts - methane, ethane, and ethene - were either not detected in samples collected from the upgradient wells in the landfill and the upper aquifer beneath the northern phytoremediation plantation or were detected at concentrations less than those measured in 2010. Chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations in 2011 at most piezometers were similar to or slightly less than chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations measured in previous years. For the upper aquifer beneath the southern phytoremediation plantation, chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations in 2011 in groundwater from the piezometers were extremely high and continued to vary considerably over space and between years. At piezometer P1-9, the total chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations increased from 9,500 micrograms per liter in 2010 to more than 44,000 micrograms per liter in 2011. Total chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations decreased at piezometers P1-6, P1-7, and P1-10 compared to the concentrations measured in 2010. One or both of the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were detected at all piezometers and three of the four wells in the southern plantation. For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of redox sensitive constituents and chlorinated volatile organic compounds in 2011 were consistent with concentrations measured in previous years, with the exception of notable decreases in sulfate and chloride concentrations at well MW1-28. Concentrations of the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene decreased at wells MW1-25 and MW1-28 compared to previously measured concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities, Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Huffman, R.L., and Frans, L., 2012, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 731, iv, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds731.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","ipdsId":"IP-040805","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_731.jpg"},{"id":262971,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/731/"},{"id":262972,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/731/pdf/ds731.pdf"}],"projection":"Washington State Plane, North Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Dogfish Bay;Liberty Bay;Naval Undersea Warfare Center;Division Keyport","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.633333,47.686111 ], [ -122.633333,47.708333 ], [ -122.608333,47.708333 ], [ -122.608333,47.686111 ], [ -122.633333,47.686111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509a317be4b04d64aa094c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, L.M.","contributorId":74803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040592,"text":"sir20125230 - 2012 - Completion summary for borehole USGS 136 near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T18:31:20","indexId":"sir20125230","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5230","title":"Completion summary for borehole USGS 136 near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"

In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, cored and completed borehole USGS 136 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory. The borehole was initially cored to a depth of 1,048 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) to collect core, open-borehole water samples, and geophysical data. After these data were collected, borehole USGS 136 was cemented and backfilled between 560 and 1,048 ft BLS. The final construction of borehole USGS 136 required that the borehole be reamed to allow for installation of 6-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel casing and 5-in. diameter stainless-steel screen; the screened monitoring interval was completed between 500 and 551 ft BLS. A dedicated pump and water-level access line were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.

Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected after coring and after the completion of the monitor well. Geophysical logs were examined in conjunction with the borehole core to describe borehole lithology and to identify primary flow paths for groundwater, which occur in intervals of fractured and vesicular basalt.

A single-well aquifer test was used to define hydraulic characteristics for borehole USGS 136 in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Specific-capacity, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity from the aquifer test were at least 975 gallons per minute per foot, 1.4 × 105 feet squared per day (ft2/d), and 254 feet per day, respectively. The amount of measureable drawdown during the aquifer test was about 0.02 ft. The transmissivity for borehole USGS 136 was in the range of values determined from previous aquifer tests conducted in other wells near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex: 9.5 × 103 to 1.9 × 105 ft2/d.

Water samples were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, total organic carbon, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples from borehole USGS 136 indicated that concentrations of tritium, sulfate, and chromium were affected by wastewater disposal practices at the Advanced Test Reactor Complex. Depth-discrete groundwater samples were collected in the open borehole USGS 136 near 965, 710, and 573 ft BLS using a thief sampler; on the basis of selected constituents, deeper groundwater samples showed no influence from wastewater disposal at the Advanced Test Reactor Complex.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., Bartholomay, R.C., and Hodges, M., 2012, Completion summary for borehole USGS 136 near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5230, vi; 32 p.; Appendixes A-D, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125230.","productDescription":"vi; 32 p.; Appendixes A-D","numberOfPages":"42","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5230.jpg"},{"id":262905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5230/"},{"id":262906,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5230/pdf/sir20125230.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee44e4b0c8380cd49c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodges, Mary K.V.","contributorId":66848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Mary K.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040228,"text":"ofr20121035 - 2012 - Quantity and quality of stormwater collected from selected stormwater outfalls at industrial sites, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:06:56","indexId":"ofr20121035","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1035","title":"Quantity and quality of stormwater collected from selected stormwater outfalls at industrial sites, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011","docAbstract":"

An assessment of the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff associated with industrial activities at Fort Gordon was conducted from January through December 2011. The assessment was provided to satisfy the requirements from a general permit that authorizes the discharge of stormwater under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System from a site associated with industrial activities. The stormwater quantity refers to the runoff discharge at the point and time of the runoff sampling. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon.

\r\n

The initial scope of this study was to sample stormwater runoff from five stations at four industrial sites (two landfills and two heating and cooling sites). As a consequence of inadequate hydrologic conditions during 2011, no samples were collected at the two landfills; however, three samples were collected from the heating and cooling sites.

\r\n

The assessment included the collection of physical properties, such as water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH; the detection of suspended materials (total suspended solids, total fixed solids, total volatile solids), nutrients and organic compounds, and major and trace inorganic compounds (metals); and the detection of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. Nutrients and organic compounds, major and trace inorganic compounds, and volatile and semivolatile organic compounds were detected above the laboratory reporting levels in all samples collected from the three stations. The detection of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds included anthracene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, cis,1, 2-dichloroethene, dimethyl phthalate, fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, acenaphthylene (station SWR11-3), and di-n-butyl phthalate (station SWR11-4).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U. S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Nagle, D.D., and Guimaraes, W.B., 2012, Quantity and quality of stormwater collected from selected stormwater outfalls at industrial sites, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1035, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121035.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1035.jpg"},{"id":262489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1035/pdf/ofr2012-1035.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262488,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Fort Gordon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.2500,32.3667 ], [ -82.2500,32.4500 ], [ -82.1333,32.4500 ], [ -82.1333,32.3667 ], [ -82.2500,32.3667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e49809e4b0e8fec6cd9bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagle, Doug D. ddnagle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Doug","email":"ddnagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039995,"text":"sim3197 - 2012 - Geologic map of the MTM 85200 quadrangle, Olympia Rupes region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T19:12:12.461437","indexId":"sim3197","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3197","title":"Geologic map of the MTM 85200 quadrangle, Olympia Rupes region of Mars","docAbstract":"The north polar region of Mars is dominated by Planum Boreum, a roughly circular, domical plateau that rises >2,500 m above the surrounding lowland. Planum Boreum is >1,500 km in diameter, contains deep, curvilinear troughs and chasmata, isolated cavi, and marginal scarps and slopes. The north polar plateau is surrounded by low-lying and nearly horizontal plains of various surface texture, geologic origin, and stratigraphic significance. The MTM 85200 quadrangle spans 5° of latitude (lat 82.5° to 87.5° N.) and 40° of longitude (long 140° to 180° E.) within the eastern hemisphere of Mars. The quadrangle includes the high-standing Planum Boreum, curvilinear troughs of Boreales Scopuli, deep, sinuous scarps of Olympia Rupes, isolated and coalesced depressions of Olympia Cavi, margins of the circular polar erg Olympia Undae, and low-standing Olympia Planum. The surface of Planum Boreum within the MTM 85200 quadrangle is characterized by smoothly sculptured landforms with shallow slopes and variable relief at kilometer scales. Areas that are perennially covered with bright frost are generally smooth and planar at 100-m scales. However, MGS MOC and MRO HiRISE images show that much of the icy polar plateau is rough at decameter scale. The Martian polar plateaus are likely to contain a record of global climate history for >107 to as much as ~3 x 109 years. This record is partly observable as rhythmically layered deposits exposed in the curvilinear troughs of the north polar plateau, Planum Boreum. The north polar layered deposits are widely interpreted to be among the most youthful bedrock deposits on the Martian surface. These materials and their stratigraphic and structural relations provide a glimpse into some of the more recent geologic processes that have occurred on Mars. The ability of the massive polar deposits to periodically trap and release both volatiles and lithic particles may represent a globally important, recurring geologic process for Mars.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3197","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J., and Herkenhoff, K.E., 2012, Geologic map of the MTM 85200 quadrangle, Olympia Rupes region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3197, i, 12; ill., map; Map: 1 Sheet: 44.00 x 34.00 inches; TXT Download of Readme; Metadata Folder; ZIP Download of GIS Database; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3197.","productDescription":"i, 12; ill., map; Map: 1 Sheet: 44.00 x 34.00 inches; TXT Download of Readme; Metadata Folder; ZIP Download of GIS Database; 16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3197.jpg"},{"id":261997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3197/sim3197_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3197/sim3197_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414302,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DQZA6V","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of the MTM 85200 Quadrangle, Olympia Rupēs Region of Mars, 1:500K. Skinner and Herkenhoff (2012)"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars;Mtm 85200 Quadrangle;Olympia RupÄ“S Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505d7e67e4b0ea5c818244e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039989,"text":"ofr20121136 - 2012 - Assessment of soil-gas contamination at building 310 underground storage tank area, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:58:38","indexId":"ofr20121136","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1136","title":"Assessment of soil-gas contamination at building 310 underground storage tank area, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2011","docAbstract":"Soil gas was assessed for contaminants in the building 310 underground storage tank area adjacent to the Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center at Ft. Gordon, Georgia, from October 2010 to September 2011. The assessment, which also included the detection of organic compounds in soil gas, provides environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon personnel pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon. Soil-gas samplers were deployed below land surface at 37 locations in the building 310 underground storage tank area. Soil-gas samplers were deployed in a grid pattern near the storage tank area as well as downslope of the tank area in the direction of groundwater flow toward an unnamed tributary to Butler Creek. Total petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in 35 of the 37 soil-gas samplers at levels above the method detection level, and the combined mass of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes were detected above their detection levels in 8 of the 37 samplers. In addition, the combined masses of undecane, tridecane, and pentadecane were detected at or above their method detection levels in 9 of the 37 samplers. Other volatile organic compounds detected above their respective method detection levels were chloroform, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethylene. In addition, naphthalene, 2-methyl naphthalene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were detected below the method detection levels, but above the nondetection level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Guimaraes, W.B., Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2012, Assessment of soil-gas contamination at building 310 underground storage tank area, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1136, iv; 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121136.","productDescription":"iv; 29 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1136.gif"},{"id":261990,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261991,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1136/pdf/ofr2012-1136.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Augusta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.41666666666667,32.25 ], [ -82.41666666666667,32.5 ], [ -82,32.5 ], [ -82,32.25 ], [ -82.41666666666667,32.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505c6c27e4b046a25ba343a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. 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