Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
A study was conducted to compile and evaluate data used to identify groundwater sources that are under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) in Pennsylvania. In the early 1990s, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) implemented the Surface Water Identification Protocol (SWIP) for the identification of GUDI sources. Since the establishment of the SWIP, PADEP has classified more than 500 individual sources across Pennsylvania as GUDI, but Pennsylvania’s complex geology and physiography provide a challenge for a uniform method of GUDI determination. Components used in this study to compile and evaluate data associated with GUDI determination include: (1) a preliminary review of file information for 43 public water-supply wells, (2) quality control and addition of data to PADEP’s database for public water-supply systems to prepare data for analysis, and (3) exploratory evaluation of existing GUDI sources in the database with respect to hydrogeologic and source-construction characteristics that are currently utilized in the assessment methodology.
Case files for 43 wells from PADEP’s Northcentral and Southcentral regions were reviewed to: (1) provide a better understanding of how the SWIP was applied in practice, (2) verify and compile missing data, and (3) find additional attributes not previously available that might explain a well’s categorization as GUDI. Review of file information showed that the SWIP outlined in PADEP technical guidance was usually followed, but for some sources, the GUDI determination was more complex and could not be easily summarized.
Data compiled for study analyses provided by PADEP include source data derived from public water-supply system case files, a source-information database for public water-supply systems, and Microscopic Particulate Analysis (MPA) results and associated water-quality data for public water-supply system groundwater sources. Data from the Pennsylvania Drinking Water Information System (PADWIS), which is PADEP’s database for public water-supply systems, were also used for this study. The PADWIS database originally included data for 12,147 groundwater sources (11,812 groundwater sources not under the direct influence of surface water (non-GUDI) wells and 335 GUDI wells). A subset (4,018 wells consisting of 3,842 non-GUDI wells and 175 GUDI wells) of the PADWIS database was created for an analysis and includes only community wells evaluated in accordance with the SWIP. MPA results for 631 community and noncommunity wells were compiled, along with associated water-quality data (alkalinity, chloride, Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, nitrate, pH, sodium, specific conductance, sulfate, total coliform, total dissolved solids, total residue, and turbidity) populated from the PADEP Bureau of Laboratories Sample Information System. Data compiled from sources other than PADEP include spatial data, both naturogenic (for example, average precipitation or distance to closest hydrologic feature) and anthropogenic (for example, percentage of developed or agricultural land cover within a specific vicinity of a public water-supply system well) data representing spatially derived variables.
Comparison among wells in the PADWIS dataset subset using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test showed that GUDI wells had significantly older median construction years, shallower depths, and static water levels closer to the land surface than non-GUDI wells and that carbonate aquifers had the highest percentages of wells designated as GUDI (12 percent; 57 wells). Further comparison of wells in the PADWIS database subset using the Spearman’s rho monotonic correlation test illustrated that public water-supply wells designated as GUDI largely occur in unconfined aquifers and have high average yield and shallow static water levels. Assessment of the MPA database subset using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed wells with MPA total risk-factor scores that exceeded zero had older median construction years and shallower casing depths than wells with MPA total risk-factor scores of zero and that carbonate aquifers had the highest percentages of wells with MPA total risk-factor scores exceeding zero (30 percent; 63 wells). Spearman’s rho correlations showed that wells completed in aquifers with depths to major water-bearing zones closer to the land-surface had higher total risk-factor scores resulting from MPA samples.
Based on the results of the analyses described in this report, broad conclusions can be drawn regarding site-specific well characteristics as well as anthropogenic and naturogenic factors that could be responsible for a well being designated as GUDI, but the accuracy of these results is dependent on the quality of the data being analyzed. Ultimately, study results serve as an added resource for initial desktop screening of wells to determine if additional site-specific investigation is warranted and underscore the need for field evaluation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221023","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Safe Drinking Water","usgsCitation":"Gross, E.L., Conlon, M.D., Risser, D.W., and Reisch, C.E., 2022, Compilation and evaluation of data used to identify groundwater sources under the direct influence of surface water in Pennsylvania (ver. 2.0, June 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1023, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221023.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-101611","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417972,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1023/versionHist.txt","size":"49.8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":417970,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1023/images/"},{"id":417969,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1023/ofr20221023.XML"},{"id":417967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1023/ofr20221023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1023"},{"id":400579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1023/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":417968,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221023/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1023"},{"id":417971,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q0BXH1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database used for the evaluation of data used to identify groundwater sources under the direct influence of surface water in Pennsylvania"},{"id":501766,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112989.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.916171,39.720893],[-80.075947,39.72135],[-80.421388,39.721189],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519423,39.806181],[-80.518891,39.890964],[-80.519248,39.936967],[-80.51896,40.078089],[-80.519039,40.342101],[-80.517991,40.367968],[-80.51769,40.462467],[-80.51899,40.473667],[-80.519002,40.877543],[-80.519891,40.906661],[-80.519091,40.921061],[-80.518928,41.070954],[-80.519144,41.171203],[-80.518693,41.248855],[-80.518993,41.268155],[-80.518794,41.305509],[-80.519129,41.312408],[-80.519345,41.340145],[-80.518993,41.435454],[-80.519339,41.539297],[-80.519425,41.977522],[-80.435451,42.005611],[-80.409776,42.011578],[-80.373066,42.024102],[-80.371869,42.023966],[-80.363251,42.027973],[-80.349169,42.030243],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-80.296758,42.049076],[-80.230486,42.077957],[-80.188085,42.094257],[-80.165884,42.105857],[-80.154084,42.114757],[-80.136213,42.149937],[-80.13043,42.156331],[-80.117368,42.166341],[-80.088512,42.173184],[-80.077388,42.171262],[-80.073381,42.168658],[-80.080028,42.163625],[-80.071981,42.155357],[-80.078781,42.151457],[-80.076281,42.147857],[-80.07198,42.146057],[-80.06108,42.144857],[-79.989186,42.177051],[-79.931324,42.206737],[-79.923924,42.207546],[-79.90105,42.216701],[-79.886187,42.224933],[-79.867979,42.230999],[-79.844661,42.235486],[-79.798447,42.255939],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.762152,42.243054],[-79.761759,42.162675],[-79.762122,42.131246],[-79.761709,42.11899],[-79.761798,42.019042],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.670128,41.999335],[-79.472472,41.998255],[-79.249772,41.998807],[-79.17857,41.999458],[-79.061265,41.999259],[-78.983065,41.998949],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-78.749754,41.998109],[-78.59665,41.999877],[-78.308128,41.999415],[-78.271204,41.998968],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.031177,41.999415],[-77.997508,41.998758],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-77.505308,42.00007],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.063676,42.000461],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-76.749675,42.001689],[-76.558118,42.000155],[-76.462155,41.998934],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.131201,41.998954],[-75.98025,41.999035],[-75.870677,41.998828],[-75.742217,41.997864],[-75.610316,41.99896],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-75.353504,41.99711],[-75.346568,41.995324],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.337791,41.984386],[-75.34246,41.974303],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.339488,41.970786],[-75.335771,41.970315],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.322384,41.961693],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.310358,41.949012],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.301664,41.94838],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.301593,41.952811],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.29858,41.954521],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.291762,41.947092],[-75.290966,41.945039],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.277243,41.933598],[-75.276501,41.926679],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.275368,41.919564],[-75.269736,41.911363],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.267789,41.885982],[-75.263005,41.885109],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.258439,41.875087],[-75.261488,41.873277],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.263673,41.868105],[-75.262802,41.866213],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.248045,41.8633],[-75.243345,41.866875],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.234565,41.861569],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.220125,41.860534],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.209741,41.86925],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.197836,41.868807],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.191441,41.865063],[-75.190203,41.862454],[-75.188888,41.861264],[-75.186993,41.860109],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.182271,41.862198],[-75.180497,41.86568],[-75.179134,41.869935],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.169142,41.87029],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.166217,41.853862],[-75.164168,41.851586],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.156512,41.848327],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.143824,41.851737],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.127913,41.844903],[-75.118789,41.845819],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.113441,41.836298],[-75.114998,41.8303],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.114837,41.82567],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.093537,41.813375],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.085789,41.811626],[-75.079818,41.814815],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.071751,41.811901],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.07827,41.797467],[-75.081415,41.796483],[-75.088328,41.797534],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.102329,41.786503],[-75.103548,41.782008],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.104334,41.772693],[-75.103492,41.771238],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.09281,41.768361],[-75.079478,41.771205],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.072664,41.768807],[-75.068567,41.767298],[-75.064901,41.766686],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.052808,41.744725],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053527,41.72715],[-75.049699,41.715093],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.050689,41.711969],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.061174,41.712935],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.068642,41.710146],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.056745,41.695703],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.051234,41.682439],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052653,41.678436],[-75.058765,41.674412],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.05843,41.669653],[-75.057251,41.668933],[-75.053991,41.668194],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.048683,41.656317],[-75.049281,41.641862],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.048199,41.632011],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.045508,41.616203],[-75.047298,41.615791],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.051856,41.618157],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.06156,41.616429],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.059956,41.612306],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.062716,41.609639],[-75.067795,41.610143],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.074626,41.607905],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.066955,41.599428],[-75.063677,41.594739],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.052858,41.587772],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.043879,41.575094],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.036989,41.567049],[-75.033162,41.565092],[-75.029211,41.564637],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.016328,41.546501],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.017626,41.542734],[-75.022828,41.541456],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.024757,41.535099],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.016616,41.53211],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.009552,41.528461],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.001297,41.52065],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.000935,41.517638],[-75.002592,41.51456],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.003694,41.509295],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-74.999612,41.5074],[-74.993893,41.508754],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-74.985653,41.507926],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.982385,41.500981],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.982463,41.496467],[-74.985247,41.489113],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.985004,41.483703],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.969887,41.477438],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.956411,41.476735],[-74.94808,41.480625],[-74.945634,41.483213],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.926835,41.478327],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.908133,41.468117],[-74.908103,41.464639],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.9042,41.459806],[-74.895069,41.45819],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.889116,41.452534],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.894931,41.446099],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.876721,41.440338],[-74.864688,41.443993],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.848602,41.440179],[-74.845572,41.437577],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.828592,41.430698],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.82288,41.436792],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.812123,41.442982],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.80037,41.43606],[-74.800095,41.432661],[-74.799546,41.43129],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.793856,41.422671],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.784339,41.422397],[-74.778029,41.425104],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.77065,41.42623],[-74.763701,41.423612],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.754359,41.425147],[-74.75068,41.427984],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.740932,41.43116],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.735519,41.427465],[-74.734893,41.425818],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738684,41.413463],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.741717,41.40788],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.738554,41.401191],[-74.736103,41.398398],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.730384,41.39566],[-74.720891,41.39469],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.710391,41.382102],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.703282,41.375093],[-74.694968,41.370431],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.689516,41.363843],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691076,41.36034],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.998649,39.721576],[-76.013067,39.72192],[-76.233259,39.721305],[-76.715594,39.721103],[-76.8901,39.720401],[-76.936601,39.720701],[-76.990903,39.7198],[-77.058204,39.7202],[-77.534758,39.720134],[-77.724115,39.720894],[-77.874719,39.722219],[-78.330715,39.722689],[-78.337111,39.722461],[-78.438839,39.722481],[-78.461422,39.722869],[-78.537702,39.72249],[-78.546415,39.722869],[-78.575893,39.722561],[-78.723529,39.723043],[-79.045548,39.722883],[-79.548465,39.720778],[-79.610623,39.721245],[-79.763774,39.720776],[-79.916171,39.720893]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: May 2022; Version 2.0: June 2023","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Collection of juvenile salmonids at Round Butte Dam is a critical part of the effort to enhance populations of anadromous fish species in the upper Deschutes River because fish that are not collected at the dam may either incur increased mortality during dam passage or remain landlocked and lost to the anadromous fish population. Adaptive resolution imaging sonar systems were used to assess the behavior, abundance, and timing of fish at the entrance to the Selective Water Withdrawal (SWW) intake and fish collection structure located in the forebay of Round Butte Dam during the spring of 2020. The purpose of the SWW is to direct surface currents in the forebay to attract and collect downriver migrating juvenile salmonid smolts (Chinook salmon [Oncorhynchus tshawytscha], sockeye salmon [O. nerka], and steelhead [O. mykiss]) from Lake Billy Chinook and to enable operators of the SWW to withdraw water from surface and benthic elevations in the reservoir to manage downriver water temperatures. The objective of this study was to assess the abundance and behaviors of smolt-size fish (95–300 millimeters) observed near the SWW and to determine if the presence of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus; >350 millimeters), the predominant predator of juvenile salmonids, influenced the behavior of downriver migrants.
Two imaging sonar units were deployed during the spring of 2020 smolt out-migration period. One unit monitored fish movements near the entrances and one unit monitored in one of the collection flumes of the SWW. The imaging sonar technology was informative for assessing abundance and spatial and temporal behaviors of smolt and bull trout-size fish. Smolt and bull trout-size fish were regularly observed near the entrance to and in the collection flume. Increased abundances were observed during the night, with corresponding increased discharge through the SWW, compared to during the day when discharge was reduced. Behavioral differences also were observed at different discharge rates, with smolt-size fish exhibiting more directed movement toward the collector during periods of increased discharge. Additionally, the presence of bull trout-size fish may have affected the behavior of smolt-size fish because a greater percentage of smolt-size fish were observed traveling away from the SWW when bull trout-size fish were present than when bull trout-size fish were absent. Increased counts of bull trout-size fish coincided with the increased abundances of smolt-size fish. Overall, the results indicate that smolt-size fish are more abundant near the entrance and in the flume of the SWW during periods of increased discharge, and bull trout-size fish were present at the SWW and may have affected smolt collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Portland General Electric","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., Hatton, T.W., and Adams, N.S., 2022, Monitoring fish abundance and behavior, using multi-beam acoustic imaging sonar, at a Selective Water Withdrawal structure in Lake Billy Chinook, Deschutes River, Oregon, 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1038, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221038.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":400088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1038/ofr20221038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1038"},{"id":400089,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1038/images"},{"id":400090,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1038/ofr20221038.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lake Billy Chinook, Round Butte Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.56990051269533,\n 44.43623132529392\n ],\n [\n -121.07414245605469,\n 44.43623132529392\n ],\n [\n -121.07414245605469,\n 44.73454012555642\n ],\n [\n -121.56990051269533,\n 44.73454012555642\n ],\n [\n -121.56990051269533,\n 44.43623132529392\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The Kalispel Tribe of Indians (KT), U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife are engaged in conservation of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Lake Pend Oreille (LPO) Core Area. The LPO is a complex habitat core area which falls within three states (Montana, Idaho, and Washington) and a tribal entity. As part of the conservation process, KT worked in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) to complete a risk assessment for introduction of bull trout into Sullivan Lake/Harvey Creek, northeastern, Washington. The risk assessment was designed to evaluate potential risks to resident fish species, to bull trout introduced into Sullivan Lake, and to bull trout donor source populations. This risk assessment describes the potential risks associated with pathogens (introduction of pathogens and increased pathogen burden), genetics (such as risk to donor sources, straying and breeding with native bull trout, and introduction of bull-brook hybrids), and ecological interactions (such as predation and competition). Potential donor source populations were identified and evaluated using a qualitative approach based on expert opinion and a decision framework.
Literature reviews were completed for fish species composition and abundance in Sullivan Lake basin to assess potential ecological interactions and risks to these populations and to the introduced bull trout. The USGS assessed pathogen risks through two major questions: (1) whether introduced bull trout might bring pathogens into the Sullivan Lake basin that were not previously present and (2) whether the health of introduced bull trout could be adversely affected by pathogens already present in the basin. Assessment of genetic risks included demographic risks to donor source populations, potential for hybridization with native bull trout, and the risk of introducing bull-brook hybrids. Literature reviews were used in conjunction with discussions among regional biologists to identify potential donor source populations and their population attributes. A decision framework was developed by USGS in collaboration with KT biologists that identified desirable population attributes (life history behavior, abundance, population viability, feasibility of collection, and environmental match) associated with donor source populations and established ranking criteria. The population attribute information was used with the (1) decision framework, (2) established ranking criteria, and (3) expert opinion of regional biologists, to assign scores for overall ranking of donor source populations.
The LPO source population was the highest ranked and is considered a robust and stable population. The risk of introducing pathogens from LPO into Sullivan Lake via a bull trout introduction program seems low, and indirect pathogen burden risks to resident species can be mitigated using established pathogen surveillance methods. The likelihood that bull trout, introduced into Sullivan Lake, stray and spawn with native bull trout is low. Nearest-neighbor donor source populations, such as LPO, could minimize negative fitness impacts that might occur from straying and interbreeding of individuals that become entrained and help maintain natural patterns of genetic diversity in native populations. The ecological risk that a bull trout introduction presents to resident species seems to be low but with some uncertainty. Pygmy whitefish, a Washington State Sensitive species, is likely most vulnerable to extirpation with increased predation pressure with introduction of an additional piscivore into the ecosystem. The status of the pygmy whitefish in Sullivan Lake is unknown. The ecological risks most likely to reduce the viability of introduced bull trout are predation by burbot and an adequate forage base in Sullivan Lake. Prior fish surveys provided data on resident species abundance, provided an established baseline for effective monitoring, and identifying ecosystem changes post-bull trout introduction to inform future adaptive management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Kalispel Tribe of Indians","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J.M., Breyta, R.B., and Ostberg, C.O., 2022, Risk assessment for bull trout introduction into Sullivan Lake and Harvey Creek, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1032, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221032.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 26 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128540","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400079,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1032/images"},{"id":400080,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1032/ofr20221032.XML"},{"id":400074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":400075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1032/ofr20221032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1032"},{"id":400076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XCQEZ1","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Information tables associated with a risk assessment for bull trout introduction into Sullivan Lake, northeastern, Washington including population donor sources and resident species, April 2021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Harvey Creek, Sullivan Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.49191284179688,\n 48.67736049788919\n ],\n [\n -117.03598022460938,\n 48.67736049788919\n ],\n [\n -117.03598022460938,\n 48.89632393659644\n ],\n [\n -117.49191284179688,\n 48.89632393659644\n ],\n [\n -117.49191284179688,\n 48.67736049788919\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Klamath Basin are on the southernmost border of the range of the species, where threats are most severe and where bull trout are most imperiled. In their recovery plan the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2015, https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/species-with-recovery-plans) suggested that Klamath Basin bull trout are at increased risk of extirpation due to habitat fragmentation, degradation of habitat complexity, and introduction of non-native trout species that often outcompete bull trout. The goals of this study were to determine if there was a lack of connectivity between habitat areas impeding migration, habitat differences, or interference by non-native species affecting bull trout distribution in the Klamath Basin. This study examined three populations of bull trout in conjunction with a concurrent native species (redband trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii]), and a concurrent non-native species (brown trout [Salmo trutta]) in tributaries of the upper Sprague River within the Klamath Basin. Culverts present at the beginning of the study may have impeded migration of bull trout, but culvert upgrades made during the study appeared to eliminate the impediments to migration. The presence of non-native brown trout appeared to cause bull trout to use a smaller portion of Leonard Creek, whereas the low numbers of brown trout in the studied portion of Brownsworth Creek did not appear to interfere with the local distribution of bull trout. Downstream migration of bull trout may have been impeded if there were increased numbers of brown trout or increased temperatures in the lower portions of the creeks outside of the study area. Although habitat complexity was not examined in detail during this study, there was an attempt to enhance the habitat for bull trout by introducing large woody debris into treatment sections of the creeks. We compared bull trout numbers between the treatment sections and nearby control sections prior to and after introduction of the large woody debris. The introduction of large woody debris did not appear to enhance the use of those areas by bull trout, but the large woody debris may not have been of suitable size to enhance the habitat for bull trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221022","usgsCitation":"Martin, B.A., Banish, N., Hewitt, D.A., Hayes, B.S., Dolan-Caret, A., Harris, A.C., and Kelsey, C., 2022, Distribution of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in conjunction with habitat and trout assemblages in creeks within the Klamath Basin, Oregon 2010–16: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1022, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221022.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133280","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1022/ofr20221022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1022"},{"id":399924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1022/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Large lahars pose substantial threats to people and property downstream from Mount Rainier volcano in Washington State. Geologic evidence indicates that these threats exist even during the absence of volcanic activity and that the threats are highest in the densely populated Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys on the west side of the volcano. However, the precise character of these threats can be difficult to anticipate.
To help predict depths and rates of possible lahar inundation in the area, this report presents the results of simulations of hypothetical future lahars that originate high on the west side of Mount Rainier and travel downstream into the Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys. Many of the results portrayed as still images in the figures of this report are also available as animated files that can be accessed at the web address provided in the figure captions. We simulated eight scenarios, including worst-case scenarios in which the simulated lahars are similar in size and mobility to the approximately 260 million cubic meter (Mm3; 340 million cubic yard) Electron Mudflow lahar that descended from Mount Rainier and inundated the Puyallup River valley about 500 years ago. The other six scenarios place the worst-case scenarios in perspective by simulating lahars that originate from the same source areas but have smaller volumes or lesser mobilities.
We perform our simulations using an open-source software package that we developed called D-Claw. The numerical model composing the kernel of D-Claw solves a system of five hyperbolic partial differential equations that describe the depth-averaged dynamics of static or flowing grain-fluid mixtures interacting with three-dimensional topography. In D-Claw, the volume fraction occupied by solid grains is a dependent variable that can freely evolve, enabling simulation of landslide liquefaction and of lahar interaction with static bodies of water. The latter feature facilitates a seamless simulation of a lahar in the Nisqually River valley entering Alder Lake reservoir.
In the event of an approximately 260 Mm3 high-mobility lahar originating on the west side of Mount Rainier, our results point to two areas of pronounced hazard. One area, comprising the densely populated lowlands of Orting, Washington, and environs, could be inundated by lahars originating from either the Sunset Amphitheater or Tahoma Glacier headwall areas. In the worst-case scenario we consider for the Orting lowlands, which involves a 260 Mm3 high-mobility lahar originating from a landslide in the Sunset Amphitheater, a flow front approximately 4 meters deep and traveling about 4 meters per second reaches the Orting lowlands about 1 hour after the onset of slope failure. After passing through the Orting lowlands, the simulated lahar slows down and comes to rest in the valleys surrounding Sumner and Puyallup. A second area of pronounced hazard is the stretch of the Nisqually River valley beginning in Mount Rainier National Park and extending downstream to Alder Lake reservoir and Alder Dam. This area would be substantially affected in the worst-case scenario that involves a 260 Mm3 high-mobility lahar originating from the Tahoma Glacier headwall area—the locality identified by a previous study as the sector of Mount Rainier most prone to large-scale gravitational collapse. The simulated lahar passes through the area of Ashford, Washington, within about 20 minutes of the onset of slope failure and reaches the head of Alder Lake within about 50 minutes. The lahar ultimately displaces enough reservoir water to cause overtopping of the 100 meter (330 foot) tall Alder Dam, but consequences of such dam overtopping are not addressed in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211118","usgsCitation":"George, D.L., Iverson, R.M., and Cannon, C.M., 2022, Modeling the dynamics of lahars that originate as landslides on the west side of Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1118, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211118.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 54 p.;16 Companion Files","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123581","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399834,"rank":18,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig27.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 27","size":"5 MB gif"},{"id":399833,"rank":17,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig26(T-52-HM).gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 26 (T-52-HM)","size":"24 MB gif"},{"id":399832,"rank":16,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig26(S-52-HM).gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 26 (S-52-HM)","size":"25 MB gif"},{"id":399831,"rank":15,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig25.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 25","size":"1 MB gif"},{"id":399830,"rank":14,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig24.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 24","size":"1 MB gif"},{"id":399828,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig22.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 22","size":"6 MB gif"},{"id":399824,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig16.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 16","size":"31 MB gif"},{"id":399823,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig14.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 14","size":"6 MB gif"},{"id":399822,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig12.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 12","size":"5 MB gif"},{"id":399821,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig11.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 11","size":"4 MB gif"},{"id":399820,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig09.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 09","size":"25 MB gif"},{"id":399819,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supplemental_animations.zip","text":"Supplemental animation files","size":"190 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Zip file containing all supplemental files","linkHelpText":"- Zip file containing all supplemental files."},{"id":399818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":399817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":501533,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112955.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":399835,"rank":19,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig28.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 28","size":"3 MB gif"},{"id":399827,"rank":11,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig21.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 21","size":"12 MB gif"},{"id":399826,"rank":10,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig20.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 20","size":"8 MB gif"},{"id":399825,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig18.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 18","size":"7 MB gif"},{"id":399829,"rank":13,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1118/ofr20211118_supAni_fig23.gif","text":"Supplemental animation for figure 23","size":"36 MB gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.91940307617188,\n 46.70031853924921\n ],\n [\n -121.51565551757812,\n 46.70031853924921\n ],\n [\n -121.51565551757812,\n 46.9980510299792\n ],\n [\n -121.91940307617188,\n 46.9980510299792\n ],\n [\n -121.91940307617188,\n 46.70031853924921\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Vancouver, WA, 98683
Freshwater aquatic macroinvertebrates are key links in food webs and nutrient cycles, and thus often serve as biological indicators of ecosystem health. Macroinvertebrate investigations in research and monitoring require consistent and reliable field and laboratory procedures. Comprehensive standard operating procedures for sampling macroinvertebrates from depressional wetlands, which can range from riverine floodplain lakes to wetlands of any size and hydrologic regime, remain relatively sparse. This report provides step-by-step protocols for efficient use of time and resources while collecting and processing aquatic macroinvertebrate samples; for example, a single wetland can typically be field surveyed in less than 1 hour, and the samples can be processed in the laboratory in less than 2 hours. Samples can be collected from inside a motorboat or canoe or while wading. This procedures manual describes dip netting to collect macroinvertebrates from the wetland bottom and water column separately to facilitate investigations of habitat use by species occupying different areas of the wetland. This report also provides descriptive supplemental materials and data sheets to assist with the preparation of survey maps, the acquisition of field and laboratory equipment, and the calculation of macroinvertebrate densities from the wetland bottom and water column. These procedures can be applied to most macroinvertebrate species and communities that inhabit a variety of wetland sizes and types. Uses and applications can range from elementary and secondary environmental education to rigorous scientific evaluations of community abundance, diversity, distribution, or species-habitat relations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221029","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Bemidji State University","usgsCitation":"Keith, B.R., Carleen, J.D., Larson, D.M., Anteau, M.J., and Fitzpatrick, M.J., 2022, Protocols for collecting and processing macroinvertebrates from the benthos and water column in depressional wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1029, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221029.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127838","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399709,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221029/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":399703,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1029/ofr20221029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1029"},{"id":399702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1029/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":399705,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1029/images"},{"id":399704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1029/ofr20221029.XML"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
This report addresses system characterization of the Italian Space Agency’s PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (band to band and image to image), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that PRISMA has a band-to-band geometric performance in the range of −0.046 to 0.040 pixel; an image-to-image geometric performance (relative to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager) in the range of −60.791 meters (m; −2.03 pixels) to 299.541 m (9.98 pixels); a radiometric performance in the range of −0.037 to −0.001 in offset and 1.026 to 1.274 in slope; and a spatial performance with a relative edge response in the range of 0.56 to 0.63, full width at half maximum in the range of 1.84 to 1.97 pixels, and a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.054 to 0.096. Regarding fairly large geometric accuracy, the following explanation is provided to help the reader. The geometric accuracy required for PRISMA is a 200-m circular error at 90 percent (CE90) without ground control points (GCPs), a 15-m CE90 using GCPs is documented in the PRISMA mission overview (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, 2021). The PRISMA images used for the current system characterization were georeferenced without using any GCPs; thus, the 200-m geometric accuracy requirement is applied. Beginning in 2022, a worldwide GCP database will be used in the PRISMA product processing chain, which will improve georeferencing accuracy to meet the 15-m CE90 requirement.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030K","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Park, S., Anderson, C., and Stensaas, G.L., 2022, System characterization report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA), chap. K of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030K.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129829","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/ofr20211030k.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030-K"},{"id":398960,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/ofr20211030k.XML"},{"id":398961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/images"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Groundwater is an important source of water for New Mexico. An estimated 48 percent of the total water used comes from groundwater sources, and groundwater levels generally are declining over large areas of New Mexico. Groundwater levels are affected by local and regional recharge or discharge processes. Groundwater hydrographs show the history of groundwater-level changes at a well. A single hydrograph is not necessarily representative of the larger regional area; however, individual hydrographs from several wells can be combined into a composite hydrograph to show average groundwater changes for a regional area. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer, has been measuring groundwater levels in a network of wells since about 1925. Although groundwater levels in the statewide well network have been measured at various frequencies, most wells have been measured in 5-year cycles since about 1980. The composite hydrographs in this report were developed to show groundwater-level changes for selected principal aquifers in New Mexico. Composite hydrographs were developed using wells in the Colorado Plateaus aquifers, the High Plains aquifer, the Pecos River Basin alluvial aquifer, the Rio Grande aquifer system, and the Roswell Basin aquifer system. Statewide, groundwater levels generally have declined or remained steady over the time period in aquifers analyzed for this study. The largest water-level declines occurred in the Colorado Plateaus and High Plains aquifers and in the Rio Grande aquifer system (north-central New Mexico), where median water-level declines ranged from 17 to 40 feet and mean water-level declines ranged from 3.8 to 32 feet. Groundwater-level declines (or rises) were generally smaller in other areas of New Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Myers, N.C., 2022, Composite regional groundwater hydrographs for selected principal aquifers in New Mexico, 1980–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1008, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221008.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 51 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128607","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501755,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112848.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397979,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":397978,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MWE68L","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Refined principal aquifer boundaries for New Mexico, United States"},{"id":397977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1008/ofr20221008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1008"},{"id":397976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.998003,32.002328],[-106.099756,32.002492],[-106.125534,32.002533],[-106.18184,32.00205],[-106.200699,32.001785],[-106.205915,32.001762],[-106.313307,32.001512],[-106.376861,32.001172],[-106.377165,32.001177],[-106.394298,32.001484],[-106.411075,32.001334],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.566056,32.000759],[-106.587972,32.000749],[-106.595333,32.000778],[-106.598639,32.000754],[-106.599096,32.000731],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-106.619448,31.994733],[-106.623568,31.990999],[-106.631182,31.989809],[-106.636492,31.985719],[-106.639529,31.980348],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.630114,31.971258],[-106.626466,31.97069],[-106.623216,31.97291],[-106.621873,31.972933],[-106.619569,31.971578],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.619371,31.964777],[-106.620454,31.963403],[-106.624299,31.961054],[-106.625535,31.957476],[-106.625123,31.954531],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.617708,31.956008],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.616136,31.948439],[-106.623659,31.94551],[-106.622377,31.940863],[-106.622117,31.936621],[-106.622529,31.934863],[-106.625322,31.930053],[-106.629747,31.92657],[-106.628663,31.923614],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.611846,31.920003],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623445,31.914034],[-106.625947,31.912227],[-106.633668,31.90979],[-106.64084,31.904598],[-106.645479,31.89867],[-106.645646,31.895649],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.6429,31.892933],[-106.638154,31.891663],[-106.633927,31.889184],[-106.630692,31.886411],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.630799,31.879697],[-106.634873,31.874478],[-106.63588,31.871514],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.627808,31.860593],[-106.625763,31.856276],[-106.621857,31.852854],[-106.614637,31.84649],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.605245,31.845905],[-106.602045,31.844405],[-106.601945,31.839605],[-106.605267,31.827912],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.593826,31.824901],[-106.589045,31.822706],[-106.588045,31.822106],[-106.582144,31.815506],[-106.581344,31.813906],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.570944,31.810206],[-106.566844,31.813306],[-106.563444,31.812606],[-106.562945,31.811104],[-106.558444,31.810406],[-106.547144,31.807305],[-106.545344,31.805007],[-106.544714,31.804287],[-106.542144,31.802107],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.535843,31.798607],[-106.535343,31.797507],[-106.535154,31.797089],[-106.534743,31.796107],[-106.533043,31.791907],[-106.533,31.791829],[-106.53248,31.791914],[-106.530515,31.792103],[-106.527943,31.790507],[-106.527738,31.789761],[-106.527623,31.789119],[-106.527997,31.786945],[-106.528543,31.784407],[-106.528543,31.783907],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-106.750547,31.783898],[-106.993544,31.783689],[-106.998235,31.783671],[-107.00056,31.783679],[-107.00056,31.783513],[-107.296824,31.783762],[-107.422246,31.783599],[-107.422495,31.783599],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208087,31.613489],[-108.208521,31.499798],[-108.208572,31.499742],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-108.707657,31.333191],[-108.788711,31.332365],[-108.851105,31.332301],[-108.861028,31.332315],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.050173,31.480004],[-109.049843,31.499515],[-109.049813,31.499528],[-109.049112,31.636598],[-109.049195,31.796551],[-109.048763,31.810776],[-109.049106,31.843715],[-109.048769,31.861383],[-109.04859,31.870791],[-109.048599,32.013651],[-109.048731,32.028174],[-109.048296,32.084093],[-109.048286,32.089114],[-109.047612,32.426377],[-109.047653,32.681379],[-109.047653,32.686327],[-109.047645,32.689988],[-109.047638,32.693439],[-109.047117,32.777569],[-109.047117,32.77757],[-109.04748,33.06842],[-109.047453,33.069427],[-109.046905,33.091931],[-109.047013,33.092917],[-109.047117,33.137559],[-109.047116,33.137995],[-109.047237,33.208965],[-109.04747,33.250063],[-109.046827,33.365272],[-109.046909,33.36557],[-109.047045,33.36928],[-109.04687,33.372654],[-109.046564,33.37506],[-109.047298,33.409783],[-109.046662,33.625055],[-109.047145,33.74001],[-109.046941,33.778233],[-109.046426,33.875052],[-109.047006,34.00005],[-109.046182,34.522393],[-109.046182,34.522553],[-109.046156,34.579291],[-109.046086,34.771016],[-109.045363,34.785406],[-109.046104,34.799981],[-109.045624,34.814226],[-109.046072,34.828566],[-109.045851,34.959718],[-109.046024,35.175499],[-109.046084,35.250025],[-109.046796,35.363606],[-109.046481,35.546326],[-109.046509,35.54644],[-109.046296,35.614251],[-109.046295,35.616517],[-109.046024,35.8798],[-109.046055,35.888721],[-109.046054,35.92586],[-109.046011,35.925896],[-109.045973,36.002338],[-109.045729,36.117028],[-109.046183,36.181751],[-109.045431,36.500001],[-109.045433,36.874589],[-109.045407,36.874998],[-109.045272,36.968871],[-109.045244,36.969489],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.001964,36.909573],[-103.002198,36.719427],[-103.002518,36.675186],[-103.002252,36.61718],[-103.002188,36.602716],[-103.002565,36.526588],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-103.041745,36.318267],[-103.041674,36.317534],[-103.040824,36.055231],[-103.041305,35.837694],[-103.042186,35.825217],[-103.041716,35.814072],[-103.041917,35.796441],[-103.041146,35.791583],[-103.041272,35.739274],[-103.041554,35.622487],[-103.042366,35.250056],[-103.042775,35.241237],[-103.042497,35.211862],[-103.042377,35.183156],[-103.042377,35.183149],[-103.042366,35.182786],[-103.042339,35.181922],[-103.042395,35.178573],[-103.042568,35.159318],[-103.042711,35.144735],[-103.0426,35.142766],[-103.04252,35.135596],[-103.043261,35.125058],[-103.042642,35.109913],[-103.042552,34.954101],[-103.042521,34.899546],[-103.042781,34.850243],[-103.04277,34.792224],[-103.042769,34.747361],[-103.042827,34.671188],[-103.043286,34.653099],[-103.043072,34.619782],[-103.043594,34.46266],[-103.043589,34.459774],[-103.043588,34.459662],[-103.043582,34.455657],[-103.043538,34.405463],[-103.043583,34.400678],[-103.043611,34.397105],[-103.043585,34.393716],[-103.043613,34.390442],[-103.043613,34.388679],[-103.043614,34.384969],[-103.04363,34.38469],[-103.043693,34.383578],[-103.043919,34.380916],[-103.043944,34.37966],[-103.043946,34.379555],[-103.043979,34.312764],[-103.043979,34.312749],[-103.043936,34.302585],[-103.043719,34.289441],[-103.043644,34.256903],[-103.043569,34.087947],[-103.043516,34.079382],[-103.043686,34.063078],[-103.043744,34.049986],[-103.043767,34.043545],[-103.043721,34.04232],[-103.043771,34.041538],[-103.043746,34.037294],[-103.043555,34.032714],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.043617,34.003633],[-103.04395,33.974629],[-103.044893,33.945617],[-103.045698,33.906299],[-103.045644,33.901537],[-103.046907,33.8503],[-103.047346,33.824675],[-103.049096,33.74627],[-103.049608,33.737766],[-103.050148,33.701971],[-103.050532,33.672408],[-103.051087,33.658186],[-103.051535,33.650487],[-103.051363,33.64195],[-103.051664,33.629489],[-103.05261,33.570599],[-103.056655,33.388438],[-103.056655,33.388416],[-103.057487,33.329477],[-103.057856,33.315234],[-103.059242,33.260371],[-103.05972,33.256262],[-103.060103,33.219225],[-103.063905,33.042055],[-103.06398,33.038693],[-103.064452,33.01029],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.064679,32.964373],[-103.064657,32.959097],[-103.064569,32.900014],[-103.064701,32.879355],[-103.064862,32.868346],[-103.064807,32.857696],[-103.064916,32.85726],[-103.064889,32.849359],[-103.064672,32.82847],[-103.064699,32.827531],[-103.064711,32.784593],[-103.064698,32.783602],[-103.064807,32.777303],[-103.064827,32.726628],[-103.064799,32.708694],[-103.064798,32.690761],[-103.064864,32.682647],[-103.064633,32.64642],[-103.064815,32.624537],[-103.064761,32.601863],[-103.064788,32.600397],[-103.064761,32.587983],[-103.064696,32.522193],[-103.064422,32.145006],[-103.064348,32.123041],[-103.064344,32.087051],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.085876,32.000465],[-103.088698,32.000453],[-103.215641,32.000513],[-103.267633,32.000475],[-103.267708,32.000324],[-103.270383,32.000326],[-103.278521,32.000419],[-103.326501,32.00037],[-103.722853,32.000208],[-103.748317,32.000198],[-103.875476,32.000554],[-103.980179,32.000125],[-104.024521,32.00001],[-104.531756,32.000117],[-104.531937,32.000311],[-104.640918,32.000396],[-104.643526,32.000443],[-104.847757,32.000482],[-104.918272,32.000496],[-105.077046,32.000579],[-105.078605,32.000533],[-105.11804,32.000485],[-105.131377,32.000524],[-105.132916,32.000518],[-105.14824,32.000485],[-105.15031,32.000497],[-105.153994,32.000497],[-105.390396,32.000607],[-105.427049,32.000638],[-105.428582,32.0006],[-105.429281,32.000577],[-105.731362,32.001564],[-105.750527,32.002206],[-105.854061,32.00235],[-105.886159,32.00197],[-105.9006,32.0021],[-105.998003,32.002328]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
This report summarizes the historical development and operations, from 2002 to 2020, of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) hydrologic monitoring and investigative programs at the Idaho National Laboratory in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. The report covers the USGS’s programs for water-level monitoring, water-quality sampling, geochemical studies, geophysical logging, geologic framework development, groundwater-flow modeling, drilling, surface-water monitoring, and unsaturated zone studies. The report provides physical information about wells, information about changes and frequencies of sampling and measurements, and management decisions for changes. Brief summaries of USGS reports published from 2002 through 2020 (with U.S. Department of Energy report numbers) are provided in an appendix.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221027","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22256Director , Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
The global food-security-support-analysis data at 30-meter resolution (GFSAD30) cropland-extent product is a project to provide high-resolution global cropland-extent data relating to water use. It is the first global-land-cover map focusing exclusively on agriculture with a 30-meter spatial resolution. The overarching goal of the GFSAD30 project is to produce consistent and unbiased estimates of global agricultural cropland products such as cropland extent; cropland types; irrigated versus rainfed cropland; cropping intensities; and spatial and temporal (from 2000 to 2017) changes in cropland extent.
The goal of this report is to assess and discuss the usage of the GFSAD30 project’s cropland-extent product. Since the public release of GFSAD30 in November 2017, the number of files downloaded has been tracked, as well as the total size of files downloaded, the country from which the GFSAD30 data were downloaded, and the user’s field of study. This report presents a monthly assessment of the usage of GFSAD30 from November 2017 through December 2019. During this period, about 1,900 gigabytes of data and about 225,000 files were downloaded by users in more than 100 countries. This report also includes how GFSAD30 has been cited in media, scientific journals, and other data products. The release of data was widely covered by the national and international press, and GFSAD30 products have been cited more than 200 times in scientific journals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221001","usgsCitation":"Oliphant, A., Thenkabail, P., and Teluguntla, P., 2022, Global food-security-support-analysis data at 30-m resolution (GFSAD30) cropland-extent products—Download analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1001, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221001.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-119165","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1001/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":398276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HOIB7S","text":"Download rates of the global food-security-support-analysis data at 30-m resolution (GFSAD30) cropland-extent products","description":"Oliphant, A.J., Thenkabail, P.S., and Teluguntla, P., 2022, Download rates of the global food-security-support-analysis data at 30-m resolution (GFSAD30) cropland-extent products: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HOIB7S."},{"id":398274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1001/ofr20221001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"Director,
Western Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
350 N. Akron Rd.
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) geoform, substrate, and biotic component geographic information system (GIS) products were developed for the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (U.S. EEZ) of south-central California in the region of Santa Lucia Bank motivated by interest in development of offshore wind-energy capacity and infrastructure. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), in coordination with the State of California and many other members of the California Task Force, issued calls for information in 2018 for the study area offshore of Morro Bay, California. The study area is in depths of 500 to 1,200 meters (m) and adjacent to a decommissioned nuclear power plant with a developed electric grid connection, and in an area of high wind resource. BOEM is the lead agency responsible for planning and leasing in the U.S. EEZ and funded this project to assess baseline conditions of, and the potential effects on, the seafloor environment. This project, carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), resulted in three reports: one on biological analysis of seafloor video data, one on analysis of the geologic framework and hazards, and this report on seafloor habitat. The study area consists of 8,424 square kilometers (km2) of multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data acquired during five surveys from 2016 to 2019. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video was acquired in 2019 to supervise the classification of the MBES data into habitats. Derivatives of the MBES data were classified into 16 unique biotopes, 6 substrate types, 28 modifier groups, and 22 geoforms. The study area substrate is predominantly soft sediment (mud and fine sand) covering 7,804 km2 (92.7 percent) of the area. Mixed substrate areas on rocky banks, channel scarps, and the shelf break comprise 404 km2 (4.8 percent) of the study area. Hard substrate areas are found predominantly on the tops and flanks of banks and on bank ridges that separate canyons incising the banks. Hard substrates comprise 211 km2 of the study area (2.5 percent). After the bathymetry and backscatter raster images (rasters) were classified, manual editing was also done to remove noise artifacts. This effort was not completely successful and there are numerous erroneous small areas in the rasters that have been passed on to the CMECS polygon product. Nearly 120,000 annotations of organisms and their habitat were made from 25 video transects selected from 185 hours of ROV video. In total, 2,714 km2 of seafloor were successfully assigned to biotopes. Some biotopes were assigned to separate areas spatially distant from the transects that define the biotope. Expected relations between physical habitat and biota such as the number of species and the substrate induration and rugosity were verified. Slope is typically a predictive variable and was used in the classification of habitat, but the ground truth used for biotic component analysis included very little steeply sloping area. Ground-truth ROV operations were reduced by the sea state; additional ground truth could improve the biotic results and increase confidence in the spatial distribution of classifications reported here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute","programNote":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management OCS Study BOEM 2021–045","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Kuhnz, L.A. Gilbane, L., Dartnell, P., Walton, M.A.L., and Paull, C.K., 2022, California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, volume 3—Benthic habitat characterization offshore Morro Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1035 [also released as Bureau of Ocean Energy Management OCS Study BOEM 2021–045], 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221035.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129519","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQZ27U","text":"Multibeam echo sounder, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of south-central California in support of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cal DIG I, offshore alternative energy project","description":"Cochrane, G.R., Kuhnz, L.A., Gilbane, L., Dartnell, P., and Walton, M.A., 2022, Multibeam echo sounder, video observation, and derived benthic habitat data offshore of south-central California in support of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cal DIG I, offshore alternative energy project: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQZ27U."},{"id":398055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1035/ofr20221035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Morro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.48431396484375,\n 34.863397850419524\n ],\n [\n -120.9210205078125,\n 35.574682600980914\n ],\n [\n -121.31103515625,\n 35.94243575255426\n ],\n [\n -121.45660400390624,\n 36.04465753921525\n ],\n [\n -122.36846923828125,\n 35.628279555648845\n ],\n [\n -122.09930419921876,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -120.48431396484375,\n 34.863397850419524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The first author, Gary S. Fuis, conducted this mapping in the summer of 1967 in partial fulfillment of the entry requirements into the Ph.D program of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. The area mapped lies wholly within the Fort Rock Ranch, a private ranch spanning ~50 square miles in Mohave and Yavapai Counties, Arizona. Access to the ranch is limited, and it is uncertain whether a detailed geologic map of the Aquarius Mountains can be recreated today. Therefore, we are making this map available to the public in this Open-File Report.
The original mapping was compiled on an enlarged single aerial photograph at an approximate scale of 1:15,600. The second author, J. Luke Blair, photogrammetrically rectified the original map and added modern topography, which was not available at the time the original map was completed. Modern roads and drainages were also added, including I–40, built after the original map was completed. Both authors reformatted the original map using current USGS geologic map standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221016","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S, and Blair, J.L., 2022, Preliminary geologic map of early Miocene felsic eruptive centers in the Aquarius Mountains, west-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1016, scale 1:15,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221016.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 65.39 × 42.11 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123374","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112843.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1016/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":397988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1016/ofr20221016_sheet.pdf","size":"26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"15000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Aquarius Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 34.86001735420488\n ],\n [\n -113.10,\n 34.86001735420488\n ],\n [\n -113.10,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 34.86001735420488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Menlo Park, Calif.
Office—Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) calculated discharge at 13 water control structures in Florida using theoretical equations and uncalibrated coefficients gathered from previous studies and typical textbook values for selected flow regimes and structure types. These discharges were compared to the real-time discharges calculated and published by the USGS from October 1, 2007, to September 30, 2019, using traditional methods and coefficients verified by direct discharge measurements. The theoretical and USGS-calculated daily mean discharges were compared at each structure for different flow regimes covering the entire range of discharges that occurred over the study period except those less than 10 cubic feet per second to avoid large percentage errors for small actual differences in discharge. The discharges were also not compared if (1) any alterations were made to the USGS discharge to account for factors such as debris or construction, (2) any values were missing throughout the day, (3) the flow regime changed during the day, or (4) the USGS discharge was estimated. The structures compared include a mixture of vertical lift and radial gates with free and submerged conditions for orifice and weir flow.
The study totals showed that the average absolute difference for all structures was 18.7 percent. Average percent differences ranged from −26.5 to 28.6 percent, and 4 of the 13 structures had average differences within 10 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221011","usgsCitation":"Ryan, P.J., and Hazelbaker, C.L., 2022, Comparison of computed flow through manually operated water control structures in Florida using theoretical versus calibrated coefficients: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1011, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221011.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 25 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129610","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501757,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112754.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1011/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":397689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1011/ofr20221011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1011"},{"id":397691,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1011/ofr20221011.XML"},{"id":397692,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1011/images"},{"id":397693,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MHF0GD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for the comparison of computed flow through manually operated water control structures in Florida using theoretical versus calibrated coefficients"},{"id":397695,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":397885,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221011/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 28.70986084394286\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 28.110748760633534\n ],\n [\n -82.33154296875,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n 25.383735254706842\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 26.725986812271756\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 28.323724553546015\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 29.496987596535742\n ],\n [\n -83.38623046875,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 28.70986084394286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
Monitoring discharge in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal is critical for the accounting done by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of the diversion of water from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River Basin by the State of Illinois. The primary streamgage used for this discharge monitoring, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Lemont, Illinois (U.S. Geological Survey station 05536890), is operated by the U.S. Geological Survey as an index-velocity station and at the time of this study (water years 2006–16) had two continuous velocity meters (an acoustic Doppler velocity meter and an acoustic velocity meter) and a water-level sensor, among other instruments. Discharge is computed at the streamgage using an index-velocity rating developed by linear regression of the velocity meter values fitted to discharges intermittently measured with an acoustic Doppler current profiler. In this study, the uncertainties of the velocity meters and stage sensors were estimated using a type B (judgment-based) approach, and measured discharge uncertainties were taken from those provided by a common acoustic Doppler current profiler data processing software tool, QRev. The velocity meter uncertainties, expressed as standard deviations, were estimated to be about 2.5 percent of velocity except near zero, where they exceeded that fraction, whereas for the acoustic Doppler current profiler uncertainties, when converted to mean channel velocity, 2.5 percent of velocity was determined to be a lower bound. The estimated velocity meter and measured discharge uncertainties were compared to index-velocity ratings developed from regression analyses of two types: (1) those that allow specification of measurement uncertainties and (2) ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, which does not. Based on the linearity of the index-velocity rating and the approximate agreement of the distributions of the fitting and prediction velocities, the assumptions required for unbiased prediction by OLS regression were determined to be approximately satisfied. From the regression residuals, it was determined that the estimated measurement uncertainties are too small, too similar between acoustic velocity meter and acoustic Doppler velocity meter velocities, and possibly too strongly dependent on velocity. Large, non-Gaussian OLS regression residuals also were observed. The uncertainty of annual mean discharge computed using the different regressions also was considered and was determined to be strongly dependent on the assumed measurement uncertainty. Because the assumptions required for OLS regression to give unbiased and variance-maintaining predictions were determined to be approximately satisfied, the results of discharge computation using the index-velocity rating based on OLS regression were deemed to be reliable. These results indicate about 0.8-percent uncertainty in the computed discharge as measured by the coefficient of variation at the annual time scale when using the acoustic Doppler velocity meter and 1.2-percent uncertainty with the acoustic velocity meter. It may be possible to improve the accuracy of the computed discharge and its uncertainty by further examining the measurement uncertainties and addressing differences in the distributions of the velocities used in fitting the index-velocity ratings and those used in prediction. Although the index-velocity ratings and computed discharges presented in this study are similar to those used in computing the published discharge at the study streamgage, the values presented in this report are not intended to replace the published discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District","usgsCitation":"Over, T.M., Muste, M., Duncker, J.J., Tsai, H., Jackson, P.R., Johnson, K.K., Engel, F.L., and Prater, C.D., 2022, Uncertainty analysis of index-velocity meters and discharge computations at the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Lemont, Illinois, water years 2006–16: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1007, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221007.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 35 p.; Appendix; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125889","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501754,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112755.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397713,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X63K41","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge measurements at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 05536890 Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Lemont, Illinois, 2005–2013"},{"id":397709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1007/ofr20221007_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"7.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1007 appendix 2","linkHelpText":"—Slides"},{"id":397714,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":397708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1007/ofr20221007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1007"},{"id":397712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1007/images"},{"id":397711,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1007/ofr20221007.XML"},{"id":397707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1007/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Lemont","otherGeospatial":"Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.06846618652344,\n 41.66573093599398\n ],\n [\n -88.04718017578125,\n 41.64469659784919\n ],\n [\n -87.86796569824217,\n 41.699063978799174\n ],\n [\n -87.75672912597656,\n 41.789744876718984\n ],\n [\n -87.7979278564453,\n 41.83068856472101\n ],\n [\n -87.92701721191406,\n 41.75645886225854\n ],\n [\n -88.06709289550781,\n 41.6908605241911\n ],\n [\n -88.06846618652344,\n 41.66573093599398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin Ave.
Urbana, IL 61801
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 7–8 for quarter 3 (July–September), 2021. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the USGS EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
One specific activity that the Cal/Val Team continued to closely monitor this quarter was the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) response degradation, which has been observed since the two November 2020 safehold events. Detailed analysis results characterizing this degradation have been included in this report. Additional information about the safehold events is here: https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/nli/landsat/november-19-2020-landsat-8-data-availability-update-recent-safehold.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221025","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., Rengarajan, R., Haque, M.O., Lubke, M., Tuli, F.T.Z., Shaw, J.L., Hasan, N., Denevan, A., Franks, S., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Markham, B., Thome, K., Kaita, E., Barsi, J., Levy, R., and Ong, L., 2022, ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 3, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1025, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221025.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 38 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-134677","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397609,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221025/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397606,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov","text":"U.S. Geological Survey database","linkHelpText":"—EarthExplorer"},{"id":397605,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1025/images"},{"id":397604,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1025/ofr20221025.XML"},{"id":397603,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1025/ofr20221025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1025"},{"id":397602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1025/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This study is part of the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) program. The goal of the BICM program is to provide long-term data on the barrier islands of Louisiana for monitoring change and assisting in coastal management. The BICM program uses historical data and acquires new data to map and monitor shoreline position, sediment properties, topography, bathymetry, and habitat. Since 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has collected geophysical and sedimentologic data across the Breton National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR) through the BICM program and collaborative USGS projects such as the Barrier Island Evolution Research project (under CPRA contract number 2000339324, BICM2–Chandeleurs TopoBathy DEM), which builds upon the previous BICM physical assessment of the BNWR outlined in a separate report. This project uses topographic and bathymetric data from three periods (1917–1922, 2006–2007, and 2013–2015) to develop digital elevation models (DEMs), measure elevation change, and calculate sediment budgets for the barrier island system. The sediment budget analysis, derived from the volumetric change between the three periods, is necessary for understanding sediment transport dynamics along barrier islands and providing information for effective coastal management. This report describes the methods used to acquire, process, and produce these products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana","programNote":"Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program 2015–2020","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Forde, A.S., and Bernier, J.C., 2022, Chandeleur Islands to Breton Island bathymetric and topographic datasets and operational sediment budget development—Methodology and analysis report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1020, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221020.","productDescription":"ix, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-122915","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397352,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231020/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397307,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":397308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1020/ofr20221020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"47.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1020"},{"id":397309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1020/images/"},{"id":397310,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1020/ofr20221020.XML"},{"id":501765,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112713.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Island, Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Chandeleur Islands, Curlew Shoals, Grand Gosier Shoals, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.22477722167967,\n 29.351656186711196\n ],\n [\n -88.83064270019531,\n 29.438999582891338\n ],\n [\n -88.61228942871094,\n 29.685070141332993\n ],\n [\n -88.59992980957031,\n 29.956124387148986\n ],\n [\n -88.72833251953125,\n 30.19439868711761\n ],\n [\n -89.09431457519531,\n 30.064934211006477\n ],\n [\n -89.00230407714844,\n 29.854341876042557\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 29.664189403696138\n ],\n [\n -89.36073303222656,\n 29.467101009006807\n ],\n [\n -89.22477722167967,\n 29.351656186711196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Data were collected at two monitoring sites along the Little Arkansas River in south-central Kansas that bracket most of the easternmost part of the Equus Beds aquifer. The data were used as part of the city of Wichita’s aquifer storage and recovery project to evaluate source water quality. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Wichita, has continued to monitor the water quality of these sites through 2019 to update previously published regression-based models using continuously measured physicochemical properties and discretely sampled water-quality constituents of interest. The purpose of this report is to provide an update of the previously published linear regression models that have been used to continuously compute estimates of water-quality constituent concentrations or densities at these two sites. Water-quality constituent model updates include those for dissolved and suspended solids, suspended-sediment concentration, hardness, alkalinity, primary ions (bicarbonate, calcium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate), nutrients (total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus), total organic carbon, indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and fecal coliform bacteria), a trace element (arsenic), and a pesticide (atrazine).
Regression analyses were used to develop surrogate models that related continuously measured physicochemical properties, streamflow, and seasonal components to discretely sampled water-quality constituent concentrations or densities. Specific conductance was an explanatory variable for dissolved solids, primary ions, and atrazine. Turbidity was an explanatory variable for total suspended solids and sediment, nutrients, total organic carbon, and indicator bacteria. Streamflow and water temperature were explanatory variables for dissolved arsenic. Seasonal components were included as explanatory variables for atrazine models. The amount of variance explained by most of the updated models was within 5 percent of previously published models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., and Klager, B.J., 2022, Documentation of models describing relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1998–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1010, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221010.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 34 p.; 2 Appendixes; Dataset","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126572","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397345,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221010/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397333,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":397331,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1010/ofr20221010_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"—Model Archive Summaries for the Little Arkansas River at Highway 50 near Halstead, Kansas (Halstead Site; U.S. Geological Survey Station Number 07143672)"},{"id":501756,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112715.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397330,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1010/images"},{"id":397332,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1010/ofr20221010_appendix2.zip","text":"Appendix 2","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"—Model Archive Summaries for the Little Arkansas River near Sedgwick, Kansas (Sedgwick Site; U.S. Geological Survey Station Number 07144100)"},{"id":397329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1010/ofr20221010.XML"},{"id":397328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1010/ofr20221010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1010"},{"id":397327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1010/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Little Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.1667,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -97.1667,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -97.1667,\n 38.533333\n ],\n [\n -98.1667,\n 38.533333\n ],\n [\n -98.1667,\n 37.714244967649265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Cherry Hill 7.5-minute quadrangle straddles the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces along the Tidewater Fall Line. Rocks of the eastern Piedmont Roanoke Rapids terrane crop out in the western part of the quadrangle and consist of greenschist- to amphibolite-facies Neoproterozoic felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks, some of which contain flattened quartz phenocrysts and are locally isoclinally folded; greenstone that locally preserves primary layering; and intrusive metadiorite and metagabbro, much of which has been altered to amphibolite. Most of these rocks are strongly foliated and jointed. Greenschist-facies metasiltstone that preserves primary bedding also occurs locally in the Roanoke Rapids terrane. Neoproterozoic mica schist, middle Paleozoic foliated metagranite, and late Paleozoic massive and porphyritic granite crop out in the eastern part of the quadrangle and are part of the Dinwiddie terrane and the late Paleozoic De Witt pluton. Upper greenschist- to lower amphibolite-facies mica schist consists of stringers and boudins of vein quartz and contains porphyroclasts of staurolite that preserve an earlier foliation as inclusion trails. Porphyroblasts of garnet, staurolite, and kyanite also occur locally. Foliation in granites of the De Witt pluton may be magmatic. Separating the Dinwiddie terrane from the Roanoke Rapids terrane are greenschist-facies, highly strained granitic mylonite and bodies of less deformed granite within the Nottoway River fault zone, which is a strand of the eastern Piedmont fault system. Paleozoic pegmatite dikes and quartz veins cross-cut rocks of the Dinwiddie terrane, and quartz veins and Jurassic diabase dikes cross-cut rocks of the Roanoke Rapids terrane.
Sand and gravel deposits of the Atlantic Coastal Plain overlie Piedmont rocks. Two units assigned to the upper part of the Neogene Chesapeake Group occur at elevations up to 295 feet (90 meters) above sea level atop the Richmond plain in the central part of the quadrangle. Two units of the Quaternary Bacons Castle Formation occupy the Essex plain and Norge uplands at elevations up to 180 feet (55 meters) above sea level in the eastern part of the quadrangle. In the western part of the quadrangle, multiple levels of terrace deposits are the fluvial equivalent of estuarine to marine units of the Atlantic Coastal Plain to the east. Holocene alluvium occurs along creeks and the Nottoway River. Quaternary colluvial deposits occur locally. Numerous Carolina bays pock the landscape of the Richmond and Essex plains, and three abandoned channelways represent former locations of Sappony Creek, one of the major drainages of the quadrangle.
Brittle faults juxtapose Piedmont basement rocks against Neogene sediments of the upper part of the Chesapeake Group. These Cenozoic faults were first uncovered in mine excavations in the late 1990s; new mapping indicates that many of these faults are reactivated silicified cataclasite zones that occur throughout the Piedmont basement rocks. Silicified cataclasites and associated quartz veins are typically mineralized with iron and iron sulfide minerals. The quadrangle was the focus of extensive mining for heavy minerals, including ilmenite and zircon, in upland Atlantic Coastal Plain deposits beginning in the mid-1990s. Other mineral resources, including precious metals, clay for structural brick, crushed stone, and building stone for millstones, have also been prospected or quarried in the quadrangle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211106","usgsCitation":"Carter, M.W., Karst, A.T., Berquist, C.R., Jr., Schindler, J.S., Weems, R.E., Weinmann, B.R., and Crider, E.A., Jr., 2022, Preliminary geologic map of the Cherry Hill quadrangle, Dinwiddie, Sussex, and Greensville Counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1106, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211106.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 40.00 x 54.01 inches; Data Release","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118811","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1106/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":394115,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P910X7BJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Cherry Hill Quadrangle, Dinwiddie, Sussex, and Greensville Counties, Virginia"},{"id":391752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1106/ofr20211106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1106"},{"id":501531,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112547.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Dinwiddie County, Sussex County, Greensville County","otherGeospatial":"Cherry Hill quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.625,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -77.50,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -77.50,\n 37.00\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 37.00\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Releases of water from Flaming Gorge Dam together with climate-related variations in runoff determine the streamflow regime of the Green River, which affects the physical characteristics of the channel and riparian ecosystem of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park. The dam has decreased peak streamflows and raised base streamflows, resulting in vegetation encroachment and channel narrowing and simplification, which could be detrimental to endangered fish habitats over time. Operations of Flaming Gorge Dam are in part determined by flow recommendations provided by the Upper Colorado River Basin Endangered Fish Recovery Program that are designed to benefit native fish and disadvantage nonnative fish. These recommendations alone may not be sufficient to prevent channel narrowing and simplification. Increases in base flows may contribute to channel narrowing and simplification by increasing the water available to riparian vegetation and reducing the water volume available for increasing peak-flow magnitude or duration This report describes how proposed revisions to these flow recommendations would affect the physical characteristics of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park, with a focus on riparian vegetation and channel width.
Hydrologic conditions for the Green River downstream from Flaming Gorge Dam are classified by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation as dry, moderately dry, average, moderately wet, or wet. The flow recommendations for peak-flow magnitude and duration in wet years are consistent with geomorphic objectives and historical post-dam flows. In moderately wet years, although the recommended peaks may be sufficient to prevent narrowing over the short term, these peaks are lower than historical post-dam peak flows for moderately wet years and could therefore allow reduction in the occasional large peaks necessary to maintain sediment mobility and channel complexity. For average and drier years, the recommendations allow, but do not require, peak-flow magnitude and durations that are likely to achieve geomorphic objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Canyonlands National Park","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Friedman, J.M., Dean, D.J., and Topping, D.J., 2022, The effects of requested flows for native fish on sediment dynamics, geomorphology, and riparian vegetation for the Green River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1019, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221019.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126163","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112531.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1019/ofr20221019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1019/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River, Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -109.64630126953125,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -110.4730224609375,\n 38.19502155795575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"The goal of the Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) program is to provide long-term data on coastal Louisiana for monitoring change and assisting in coastal management. This study (carried out under Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority contract number 2000339324, BICM2—Chenier TopoBathy DEM) builds upon the previous BICM physical assessment of the Chenier Plain region using bathymetric data from three periods (1930, 2007, and 2017) to develop digital elevation models for historical and current periods. In addition to bathymetric datasets, the study includes light detection and ranging elevation measurements along the coastline to produce elevation datasets for the 2007 and 2017 periods. This report describes the methods used to acquire, process, and produce these products.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana","programNote":"Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program 2015–2020","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Forde, A.S., and Bernier, J.C., 2022, Chenier Plain region bathymetric and topographic datasets: Methodology report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1014, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221014.","productDescription":"vii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-122902","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501759,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112530.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1014/ofr20221014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1014"},{"id":396682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396685,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1014/images/"},{"id":396684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1014/ofr20221014.XML"},{"id":396704,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221014/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chenier Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.85620117187499,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -92.1258544921875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -92.1258544921875,\n 29.8\n ],\n [\n -93.85620117187499,\n 29.8\n ],\n [\n -93.85620117187499,\n 29.439597566602902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
The Floyd River and Little Sioux River Basins in northwestern Iowa flooded on June 21–July 1, 2018, after sustained rainfall on June 14–27, 2018. Within the Floyd River Basin, rainfall totals from June 14 to 21 preceding flooding were 3.01 inches (in.) at Le Mars, 4.50 in. at Orange City, and 7.44 in. at Sheldon. Within the Little Sioux River Basin, rainfall amounts for the 2-week period from June 14 to 27 preceding flooding were 11.29 in. at Lake Park, 12.95 in. at Milford, 5.56 in. at Spencer, 7.71 in. at Sioux Rapids, and 6.13 in. at Cherokee. Flooding in the Floyd River Basin resulted in a recorded maximum peak discharge of 14,300 cubic feet per second (ft3/s; annual exceedance probability [AEP] estimate between 4 and 10 percent) at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage Floyd River at Alton, Iowa (06600100), and a recorded maximum peak discharge of 9,180 ft3/s (AEP estimate greater than 10 percent) at the USGS streamgage Floyd River at James, Iowa (06600500). Flooding in the Little Sioux River Basin resulted in a recorded maximum peak discharge of 16,300 ft3/s (AEP estimate between 4 and 10 percent) at the USGS streamgage Little Sioux River at Linn Grove, Iowa (06605850), and maximum peak discharges of 18,700 ft3/s (AEP estimate greater than 10 percent) and 20,000 ft3/s (AEP estimate greater than 10 percent) were recorded at the USGS streamgages Little Sioux River at Correctionville, Iowa (06606600), and Little Sioux River near Turin, Iowa (06607500), respectively. High-water mark elevations were surveyed at 19 locations along the Floyd River and 22 locations along the Little Sioux River to develop 2 flood profiles: a 52.5-mile profile along the Floyd River from State Highway 3 at Le Mars to U.S. Highway 18 at Sheldon that includes the USGS streamgage Floyd River at Alton and a 101-mile profile along the Little Sioux River from U.S. Highway 59 at Cherokee to U.S. Highway 18 north of Spencer that includes the USGS streamgage Little Sioux River at Linn Grove.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR–140)","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, P.S., Wilson, J.L., Vegrzyn, J.C., and Barnes, K.K., 2022, Floods of June 21–July 1, 2018, in the Floyd River and Little Sioux River Basins, northwestern Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1015, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221015.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 35 p.; 2 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111461","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1015/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V8NO0H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for seven selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the Floyd and Little Sioux River Basins, Iowa, based on data through water year 2019"},{"id":396508,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1015/images"},{"id":396507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1015/ofr20221015.XML","size":"189 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2022–1015 XML"},{"id":396506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1015/ofr20221015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1015"},{"id":501760,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396512,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":396511,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W7VP64","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for three selected streamgages in the Cedar and Little Sioux River Basins, Iowa, based on data through water year 2019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Floyd River and Little Sioux River Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.6192626953125,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -95.701904296875,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -95.701904296875,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -96.6192626953125,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -96.6192626953125,\n 42.407234661551875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
On December 23, 2021, groundwater levels were measured in selected wells in the Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, constituting a synoptic groundwater-level survey (shortened herein to “synoptic survey”) of the area. Groundwater levels were measured mainly from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. (times listed in Hawai‘i standard time) and provide a snapshot of groundwater levels during the survey period. Following a reported fuel release that affected groundwater quality in the Red Hill area, several production wells were shut down in the weeks prior to the synoptic survey. These wells include the Red Hill Shaft (shut down on November 28, 2021) and the Hālawa Shaft (shut down on December 3, 2021, except for weekly, short-duration operations for water-quality sampling). Groundwater levels measured in wells during the synoptic survey ranged from 16.34 to 19.77 feet above mean sea level.
The groundwater levels collected during the multiagency synoptic survey contain uncertainty because of several potential sources of error associated with (1) the accuracy of the measuring tapes used, (2) the accuracy of the measuring-point altitude at the top of each well, (3) well plumbness and alignment, (4) human error, and (5) changing conditions during the survey period. Because of these potential sources of error, comparability of groundwater-level measurements may be affected. Some of the sources of uncertainty can be addressed and lead to improved accuracy and comparability of the groundwater levels. For example, uncertainty associated with the measuring-point altitudes can be addressed by resurveying measuring-point altitudes to a common vertical datum using consistent surveying methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, December 23, 2021, Red Hill synoptic groundwater-level survey, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1018, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221018.","productDescription":"Report: v, 10 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137125","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1018/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":396394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1018/ofr20221018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221048","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1048","description":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, January 18, 2022, Red Hill synoptic groundwater-level survey, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1048, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221048.","linkHelpText":"- January 18, 2022, Red Hill Synoptic Groundwater-Level Survey, Hālawa Area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i"},{"id":396395,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the nation","description":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, USGS water data for the nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information database, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN"},{"id":501763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112526.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404438,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221069","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1069","description":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, Groundwater-level monitoring from January 17 to March 3, 2022, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1069, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221069.","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater-Level Monitoring from January 17 to March 3, 2022, Hālawa Area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"O‘ahu, Hālawa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.95867919921875,\n 21.332873489271286\n ],\n [\n -157.86117553710938,\n 21.332873489271286\n ],\n [\n -157.86117553710938,\n 21.410883719938866\n ],\n [\n -157.95867919921875,\n 21.410883719938866\n ],\n [\n -157.95867919921875,\n 21.332873489271286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818
The Blythe 30' x 60' quadrangle in southeastern California and southwestern Arizona displays complex geology that includes Mesozoic contractional deformation, metamorphism, and magmatism in addition to Cenozoic extensional deformation and magmatism. Previous geologic map compilations predate recent geologic mapping efforts that have contributed new insights into the stratigraphy and structure of this quadrangle. This new map, compiled in collaboration with the Arizona Geological Survey, incorporates these recent mapping efforts to provide an updated depiction of the quadrangle’s geologic framework. The scope of this map is limited to bedrock units of Miocene and older age because younger deposits have not been mapped in enough detail across the quadrangle to support a systematic compilation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211097","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Arizona Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Spencer, J.E., and Beard, L.S., comps., 2022, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Blythe 30' x 60' quadrangle, California and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1097, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000, 10-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211097.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p., 1 Sheet; 50.42 x 33.06: Data Release","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-100416","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396064,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YUU64Z","description":"Stone, P., Spencer, J.E., and Beard, L.S., 2022, Digital data for the preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Blythe 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, California and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YUU64Z.","linkHelpText":"Digital data for the preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Blythe 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, California and Arizona"},{"id":501529,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112445.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396063,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1097/ofr20211097_sheet.pdf","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1097/ofr20211097_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1097/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.00,\n 33.30\n ],\n [\n -114.00,\n 33.30\n ],\n [\n -114.00,\n 34.00\n ],\n [\n -115.00,\n 34.00\n ],\n [\n -115.00,\n 33.30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Surveys and monitoring for the endangered Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo) were done at the San Luis Rey Flood Risk Management Project Area (Project Area) in the city of Oceanside, San Diego County, California, between April 4 and August 4, 2021. We completed four protocol surveys during the breeding season, supplemented by weekly territory monitoring visits. We identified a total of 122 territorial male vireos; 111 were confirmed as paired and 8 were confirmed as single males. For the remaining three territories, we were unable to confirm pair status. Five transient vireos were detected in 2021. The vireo population in the Project Area decreased by 24 percent from 2020 to 2021. Vireo populations decreased across San Diego County, with a 14-percent decrease documented at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP); a 5-percent decrease on the Otay River; a 6-percent decrease on the middle San Luis Rey River; and a 44-percent decrease at Marine Corps Air Station (although this decrease was likely exaggerated by large-scale vegetation clearing that occurred prior to the 2021 breeding season).
We used an index of treatment (Treatment Index) to evaluate the impact of on-going vegetation clearing on the Project Area vireo population. The Treatment Index measures the cumulative effect of vegetation treatment within a territory (since 2005) by using the percent area treated weighted by the number of years since treatment. We found that the Treatment Index for unoccupied habitat was more than two times that of occupied habitat, indicating that vireos selected less treated habitat in which to settle.
We monitored vireo nests at three general site types: (1) within the flood channel where exotic and native vegetation removal has occurred regularly (Channel), (2) three sites next to the flood channel where limited exotic and native vegetation removal has occurred (Off-channel), and (3) three sites that have been actively restored by planting native vegetation (Restoration). Nesting activity was monitored in 85 territories, 8 of which were occupied by single males. Of the completed nests, 39 percent were successful, and nest success did not differ among the three sites. Clutch size was greater in the Channel than the Off-channel sites, and the proportion of hatchlings that fledged was greater in Off-channel sites than Channel and Restoration sites. There were no other nest-level differences detected among site types, nor were there any differences in territory-level measures of productivity (young fledged per pair, double-brooding) among the sites. Overall, breeding success and productivity were slightly lower in 2021 than in 2020, with 66 percent of pairs fledgling at least one young and pairs fledging an average of 1.9±1.7 young.
To investigate if the cumulative years of treatment had an impact on vireo reproductive effort, we looked at the effects of the Treatment Index on reproductive parameters. Results from generalized linear models indicated that treatment did not have an effect on vireo nesting effort or the number of vireo fledglings per pair produced in 2021. Similarly, our analysis of nest survival for 2021 revealed no effect of Treatment Index on daily survival rate.
Analysis of vegetation data collected at vireo nests from 2006 to 2021 did not indicate an effect of vegetation at the nest on daily survival rate. We also found no differences in nest-placement characteristics among site types or successful/unsuccessful nests.
Red/arroyo willow (Salix laevigata or Salix lasiolepis) was the species most commonly selected for nesting by vireos in all three site types. Black willow (Salix gooddingii) and mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia) also were commonly used. Vireos used a wider variety of species for nesting in Channel and Off-channel sites (seven and eight species, respectively) compared with Restoration sites (three species).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Houston, Alexandra , Allen, L.D., Pottinger, R.E., and Kus, B.E., 2022, Least Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey flood risk management project area in San Diego County, California: Breeding activities and habitat use—2021 Annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1012, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221012.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-135579","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396128,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1012/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":396129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1012/ofr20221012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 Mb"},{"id":396130,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1012/ofr20221012.xml"},{"id":396131,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1012/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.41500854492188,\n 33.19301824551205\n ],\n [\n -117.17056274414064,\n 33.19301824551205\n ],\n [\n -117.17056274414064,\n 33.288350918671775\n ],\n [\n -117.41500854492188,\n 33.288350918671775\n ],\n [\n -117.41500854492188,\n 33.19301824551205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819