A new descriptive stratiform chromite deposit model was prepared which will provide a framework for understanding the characteristics of stratiform chromite deposits worldwide. Previous stratiform chromite deposit models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have been referred to as Bushveld chromium, because the Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the only stratified, mafic-ultramafic intrusion presently mined for chromite and is the most intensely researched. As part of the on-going effort by the USGS Mineral Resources Program to update existing deposit models for the upcoming national mineral resource assessment, this revised stratiform chromite deposit model includes new data on the geological, mineralogical, geophysical, and geochemical attributes of stratiform chromite deposits worldwide. This model will be a valuable tool in future chromite resource and environmental assessments and supplement previously published models used for mineral resource evaluation.
\nStratiform chromite deposits are found throughout the world, but the chromitite seams of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, are the largest and most intensely researched. The chromite ore is located primarily in massive chromitite seams and, less abundantly, in disseminated chromite-bearing layers, both of which occur in the ultramafic section of large, layered mafic-ultramafic stratiform complexes. These mafic-ultramafic intrusions mainly formed in stable cratonic settings or during rift-related events during the Archean or early Proterozoic, although exceptions exist. The chromitite seams are cyclic in nature as well as laterally contiguous throughout the entire intrusion. Gangue minerals include olivine, pyroxenes (orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene), plagioclase, sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, bornite), platinum group metals (mainly laurite, cooperite, braggite), and alteration minerals. A few deposits also contain rutile and ilmenite. The alteration phases include serpentine, chlorite, talc, magnetite, kaemmererite, uvarovite, hornblende, and carbonate minerals, such as calcite and dolomite.
\nStratiform chromite deposits are primarily hosted by peridotites, harzburgites, dunites, pyroxenites, troctolites, and anorthosites. Although metamorphism may have altered the ultramafic regions of layered intrusions postdeposition, only igneous processes are responsible for formation. From a diagnostic standpoint and for assessment purposes, they have no temporal or spatial relation to sedimentary rocks.
\nThe exact mechanisms responsible for the development of stratiform chromite deposits and the large, layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions where they are found are highly debated. The leading argument postulates that a parent magma mixed with a more primitive magma during magma chamber recharge. The partially differentiated magma could then be forced into the chromite stability field, resulting in the massive chromitite layers found in stratiform complexes. Contamination of the parent magma by localized assimilation of felsic country rock at the roof of the magma chamber has also been proposed as a mechanism of formation. Others suggest that changes in pressure or oxygen fugacity may be responsible for the occurrence of massive chromitite seams in layered mafic, ultramafic intrusions.
\nThe massive chromitite layers contain high levels of chromium and strong associations with platinum group elements. Anomalously high magnesium concentrations as well as low sodium, potassium, and phosphorus concentrations are also important geochemical features of stratiform chromite deposits. The presence of orthopyroxenite in many of the deposits suggests high silica and high magnesium concentrations in the parent magma.
\nMost environmental concerns associated with the mining and processing of chromite ore focus on the solubility of chromium and its oxidation state. Although trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential micronutrient for humans, hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is highly toxic. Chromium-bearing solid phases that occur in the chromite ore-processing residue, for example, can effect the geochemical behavior and oxidation state of chromium in the environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070E","usgsCitation":"Schulte, R., Taylor, R.D., Piatak, N., and Seal, R., 2012, Stratiform chromite deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, xiv, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070E.","productDescription":"xiv, 131 p.","numberOfPages":"148","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029769","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5070_E.gif"},{"id":262960,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/e/"},{"id":262961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/e/pdf/sir2010-5070e_LR.pdf","text":"Report Low Resolution","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5098ee18e4b0a35ac147a7b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, Ruth F.","contributorId":68604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Ruth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188384,"text":"70188384 - 2012 - Large-scale splay faults on a strike-slip fault system: The Yakima Folds, Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T15:26:00","indexId":"70188384","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale splay faults on a strike-slip fault system: The Yakima Folds, Washington State","docAbstract":"The Yakima Folds (YF) comprise anticlines above reverse faults cutting flows of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group of central Washington State. The YF are bisected by the ~1100-km-long Olympic-Wallowa Lineament (OWL), which is an alignment of topographic features including known faults. There is considerable debate about the origin and earthquake potential of both the YF and OWL, which lie near six major dams and a large nuclear waste storage site. Here I show that the trends of the faults forming the YF relative to the OWL match remarkably well the trends of the principal stress directions at the end of a vertical strike-slip fault. This comparison and the termination of some YF against the OWL are consistent with the YF initially forming as splay faults caused by an along-strike decrease in the amount of strike-slip on the OWL. The hypothesis is that the YF faults initially developed as splay faults in the early to mid Miocene under NNW-oriented principal compressive stress, but the anticlines subsequently grew with thrust motion after the principal compressive stress direction rotated to N-S or NNE after the mid-Miocene. A seismic profile across one of the YF anticlines shows folding at about 7 km depth, indicating deformation of sub-basalt strata. The seismic profile and the hypothesized relationship between the YF and the OWL suggest that the structures are connected in the middle or lower crust, and that the faults forming the YF are large-scale splay faults associated with a major strike-slip fault system.
A number of recent studies have documented subtle, yet potentially important effects of mercury on behavior, neurochemistry, and endocrine function in fish and wildlife at currently realistic levels of environmental exposure. Current levels of environmental methylmercury exposure are sufficient to cause significant biological impairment, both in individuals and in whole populations, in some ecosystems. Future toxicological studies on fish and wildlife will focus on linking biomarkers of methylmercury exposure and associated oxidative stress to effects on reproduction and population change; determining the genetic basis for mercury-related neurotoxic and other biological changes; determining the genetic basis for species differences in sensitivity to methylmercury; and linking toxic effects of methylmercury in individual animals to population-level changes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mercury in the environment: Pattern and process","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkley, CA","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520271630.003.0011","isbn":"9780520271630","usgsCitation":"Scheuhammer, A.M., Basu, N., Evers, D.C., Heinz, G., Sandheinrich, M.B., and Bank, M.S., 2012, Ecotoxicology of mercury in fish and wildlife: Recent advances, chap. 11 of Mercury in the environment: Pattern and process, p. 223-238, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520271630.003.0011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"238","ipdsId":"IP-028398","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd78e4b0e5cfc2acdc76","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bank, Michael S.","contributorId":10684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bank","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Scheuhammer, Anton M.","contributorId":15477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuhammer","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basu, Niladri","contributorId":60085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Basu","given":"Niladri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evers, David C.","contributorId":96160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":514741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandheinrich, Mark B.","contributorId":86736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bank, Michael S.","contributorId":10684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bank","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040593,"text":"sir20105090H - 2012 - Economic filters for evaluating porphyry copper deposit resource assessments using grade-tonnage deposit models, with examples from the U.S. Geological Survey global mineral resource assessment: Chapter H in Global mineral resource assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70040593,"text":"sir20105090H - 2012 - Economic filters for evaluating porphyry copper deposit resource assessments using grade-tonnage deposit models, with examples from the U.S. Geological Survey global mineral resource assessment: Chapter H in Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090H","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Economic filters for evaluating porphyry copper deposit resource assessments using grade-tonnage deposit models, with examples from the U.S. Geological Survey global mineral resource assessment: Chapter H in Global mineral resource assessment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:28:53","indexId":"sir20105090H","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"H","title":"Economic filters for evaluating porphyry copper deposit resource assessments using grade-tonnage deposit models, with examples from the U.S. Geological Survey global mineral resource assessment: Chapter H in Global mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"An analysis of the amount and location of undiscovered mineral resources that are likely to be economically recoverable is important for assessing the long-term adequacy and availability of mineral supplies. This requires an economic evaluation of estimates of undiscovered resources generated by traditional resource assessments (Singer and Menzie, 2010). In this study, simplified engineering cost models were used to estimate the economic fraction of resources contained in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits, predicted in a global assessment of copper resources. The cost models of Camm (1991) were updated with a cost index to reflect increases in mining and milling costs since 1989. The updated cost models were used to perform an economic analysis of undiscovered resources estimated in porphyry copper deposits in six tracts located in North America. The assessment estimated undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within 1 kilometer of the land surface in three depth intervals.
\nThe results of the updated engineering cost model analysis for open-pit porphyry copper deposits are in agreement with the grade-tonnage boundary defining positive economic returns for copper deposits developed between 1989 and 2008. This correspondence demonstrates that the updated engineering cost equations are performing well and appear to be appropriate to evaluate the economic status of open-pit porphyry copper mines under current, and potentially future, economic conditions. Economic filters based on these simplified engineering cost models provide a method for estimating potential tonnages of undiscovered metals that may be economic in individual assessment areas.
\nOne implication of the economic filter results for undiscovered copper resources is that global copper supply will continue to be dominated by production from a small number of giant deposits. This domination of resource supply by a small number of producers may increase in the future, because an increasing proportion of new deposit discoveries are likely to occur in remote areas and be concealed deep beneath covering rock and sediments. Extensive mineral exploration activity will be required to meet future resource demand, because these deposits will be harder to find and more costly to mine than near-surface deposits located in more accessible areas. Relatively few of the new deposit discoveries in these high-cost settings will have sufficient tonnage and grade characteristics to assure positive economic returns on development and exploration costs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090H","issn":"2328-0328","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., and Menzie, W.D., 2012, Economic filters for evaluating porphyry copper deposit resource assessments using grade-tonnage deposit models, with examples from the U.S. Geological Survey global mineral resource assessment: Chapter H in Global mineral resource assessment (Originally posted November 2, 2012; Revised May 14, 2013, ver. 1.1; Revised March 31, 2014, ver. 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: iv, 21 p.; Tables 7 and 8, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090H.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; Tables 7 and 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The macroinvertebrate community data were used to identify metrics that could best differentiate among sites according to disturbance gradients such as embeddedness, percent fines (silt and sand areal coverage), or percent agricultural land in the contributing basin area. Environmental assessments were conducted using land-use/land-cover data and reach-level physical habitat data. The Maui data were first evaluated using the previously developed Preliminary-Hawaiian Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (P-HBIBI) to determine if existing metrics would successfully differentiate stream quality among the sites. Secondly, a number of candidate invertebrate metrics were screened and tested and the individual metrics that proved the best at discerning among the sites along one or more disturbance gradients were combined into a multimetric invertebrate community index (ICI) of stream quality. These metrics were: total invertebrate abundance, Class Insecta relative abundance, the ratio of Trichoptera abundance to nonnative Diptera abundance, native snail (hihiwai) presence or absence, native mountain shrimp (′δpae) presence or absence, native torrent midge (Telmatogeton spp.) presence or absence, and native Megalagrion damselfly presence or absence. The Maui ICI classified 15 of the 40 sites (37.5 percent) as having \"good\" quality communities, 17 of the sites (42.5 percent) as having \"fair\" quality communities, and 8 sites (20 percent) as having \"poor\" quality communities, a classification that may be used to initiate further investigation into the causes of the poor rating. Additionally, quantitative macroinvertebrate samples collected from 31 randomly selected sites on Oʻahu in 2006-07 as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Wadeable Stream Assessment (WSA) were used to refine and develop an ICI of stream quality for Oʻahu. The set of metrics that were included in the revised index were: total invertebrate abundance, Class Insecta relative abundance, the ratio of Trichoptera abundance to nonnative Diptera abundance, turbellarian relative abundance, amphipod relative abundance, nonnative mollusk abundance, and nonnative crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and/or red cherry shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata sinensis) presence or absence. The Oʻahu ICI classified 10 of the 31 sites (32.3 percent) as \"good\" quality communities, 16 of the sites (51.6 percent) as \"fair\" quality communities, and 5 of the sites (16.1 percent) as \"poor\" quality communities. A reanalysis of 18 of the Oʻahu macroinvertebrate sites used to develop the P-HBIBI resulted in the reclassification of 3 samples. The beginning of a statewide ICI was developed on the basis of a combination of metrics from the Maui and Oʻahu ICIs. This combined ICI is intended to help identify broad problem areas so that the Hawaii State Department of Health (HIDOH) can prioritize their efforts on a statewide scale. Once these problem areas are identified, the island-wide ICIs can be used to more accurately assess the quality of individual stream reaches so that the HIDOH can prioritize their efforts on the most impaired streams. By using the combined ICI, 70 percent of the Maui sites and 10 percent of the Oʻahu WSA sites were designated as \"good\" quality sites; 25 percent of the Maui sites and 45 percent of the Oʻahu WSA sites were designated as \"fair\" quality sites; and 5 percent of the Maui sites and 45 percent of the Oʻahu WSA sites were designated as \"poor\" quality sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaiʻi Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Wolff, R.H., 2012, Development of invertebrate community indexes of stream quality for the islands of Maui and Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5055, Report: viii; 199 p.; Appendixes: A-D, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125055.","productDescription":"Report: viii; 199 p.; Appendixes: A-D","numberOfPages":"204","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5055.bmp"},{"id":262931,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5055/sir2012-5055_total.pdf","text":"Report","size":"33.6 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Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5230","title":"Completion summary for borehole USGS 136 near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, cored and completed borehole USGS 136 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory. The borehole was initially cored to a depth of 1,048 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) to collect core, open-borehole water samples, and geophysical data. After these data were collected, borehole USGS 136 was cemented and backfilled between 560 and 1,048 ft BLS. The final construction of borehole USGS 136 required that the borehole be reamed to allow for installation of 6-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel casing and 5-in. diameter stainless-steel screen; the screened monitoring interval was completed between 500 and 551 ft BLS. A dedicated pump and water-level access line were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected after coring and after the completion of the monitor well. Geophysical logs were examined in conjunction with the borehole core to describe borehole lithology and to identify primary flow paths for groundwater, which occur in intervals of fractured and vesicular basalt.
A single-well aquifer test was used to define hydraulic characteristics for borehole USGS 136 in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Specific-capacity, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity from the aquifer test were at least 975 gallons per minute per foot, 1.4 × 105 feet squared per day (ft2/d), and 254 feet per day, respectively. The amount of measureable drawdown during the aquifer test was about 0.02 ft. The transmissivity for borehole USGS 136 was in the range of values determined from previous aquifer tests conducted in other wells near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex: 9.5 × 103 to 1.9 × 105 ft2/d.
Water samples were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, total organic carbon, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples from borehole USGS 136 indicated that concentrations of tritium, sulfate, and chromium were affected by wastewater disposal practices at the Advanced Test Reactor Complex. Depth-discrete groundwater samples were collected in the open borehole USGS 136 near 965, 710, and 573 ft BLS using a thief sampler; on the basis of selected constituents, deeper groundwater samples showed no influence from wastewater disposal at the Advanced Test Reactor Complex.
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First generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs) generally require multiple feedings over several days to achieve a threshold concentration in tissue and cause adverse effects. This exposure regimen is much different than that used in the standardized acute oral toxicity test methodology. Median lethal dose values derived from standardized acute oral toxicity tests underestimate the environmental hazard and risk of FGARs. Caution is warranted when FGAR toxicity, physiological effects, and pharmacokinetics derived from standardized acute oral toxicity testing are used for forensic confirmation of the cause of death in avian mortality incidents and when characterizing FGARs' risks to free-ranging birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/10807039.2012.707934","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N.B., and Rattner, B.A., 2012, Critique on the use of the standardized avian acute oral toxicity test for first generation anticoagulant rodenticides: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, v. 18, no. 5, p. 1069-1077, https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2012.707934.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1077","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-029392","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262945,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2012.707934"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd6ae4b0e5cfc2acdc6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, Nimish B. 0000-0003-0191-1319 nvyas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":4494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"Nimish","email":"nvyas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040586,"text":"70040586 - 2012 - Hybridization among Arctic white-headed gulls (Larus spp.) obscures the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-05T11:08:42","indexId":"70040586","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization among Arctic white-headed gulls (Larus spp.) obscures the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene","docAbstract":"We studied the influence of glacial oscillations on the genetic structure of seven species of white-headed gull that breed at high latitudes (Larus argentatus, L. canus, L. glaucescens, L. glaucoides, L. hyperboreus, L. schistisagus, and L. thayeri). We evaluated localities hypothesized as ice-free areas or glacial refugia in other Arctic vertebrates using molecular data from 11 microsatellite loci, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, and six nuclear introns for 32 populations across the Holarctic. Moderate levels of genetic structure were observed for microsatellites (FST= 0.129), introns (ΦST= 0.185), and mtDNA control region (ΦST= 0.461), with among-group variation maximized when populations were grouped based on subspecific classification. Two haplotype and at least two allele groups were observed across all loci. However, no haplotype/allele group was composed solely of individuals of a single species, a pattern consistent with recent divergence. Furthermore, northernmost populations were not well differentiated and among-group variation was maximized when L. argentatus and L. hyberboreus populations were grouped by locality rather than species, indicating recent hybridization. Four populations are located in putative Pleistocene glacial refugia and had larger t estimates than the other 28 populations. However, we were unable to substantiate these putative refugia using coalescent theory, as all populations had genetic signatures of stability based on mtDNA. The extent of haplotype and allele sharing among Arctic white-headed gull species is noteworthy. Studies of other Arctic taxa have generally revealed species-specific clusters as well as genetic structure within species, usually correlated with geography. Aspects of white-headed gull behavioral biology, such as colonization ability and propensity to hybridize, as well as their recent evolutionary history, have likely played a large role in the limited genetic structure observed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, U.K.","doi":"10.1002/ece3.240","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Chesser, R., Bell, D., and Dove, C.J., 2012, Hybridization among Arctic white-headed gulls (Larus spp.) obscures the genetic legacy of the Pleistocene: Ecology and Evolution, v. 2, no. 6, p. 1278-1295, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.240.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1278","endPage":"1295","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-022392","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.240","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262924,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.240"},{"id":262932,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.240/pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,41.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,41.0 ], [ -180.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd85e4b0e5cfc2acdc82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesser, R. 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The methodology used for the national CO2 assessment is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of twelve storage assessment units (SAUs) in six separate packages of sedimentary rock within the Hanna, Laramie, and Shirley Basins of Wyoming. It focuses on the particular characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in those SAUs. Specific descriptions of SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, net porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps are provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included herein will be employed, as specified in the methodology, to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage space in the various SAUs. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through the sealing unit into the top of the storage formation. Cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data in a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on cell maps.
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The available statistical theory for estimation when detection is imperfect applies particularly to habitat patches or islands, although it is also used for arbitrary plots in continuous habitat. The probability that such a plot is occupied depends on plot size and home-range characteristics (size, shape and dispersion) as well as population density. Plot size is critical to the definition of occupancy as a state variable, but clear advice on plot size is missing from the literature on the design of occupancy studies. We describe models for the effects of varying plot size and home-range size on expected occupancy. Temporal, spatial, and species variation in average home-range size is to be expected, but information on home ranges is difficult to retrieve from species presence/absence data collected in occupancy studies. The effect of variable home-range size is negligible when plots are very large (>100 x area of home range), but large plots pose practical problems. At the other extreme, sampling of 'point' plots with cameras or other passive detectors allows the true 'proportion of area occupied' to be estimated. However, this measure equally reflects home-range size and density, and is of doubtful value for population monitoring or cross-species comparisons. Plot size is ill-defined and variable in occupancy studies that detect animals at unknown distances, the commonest example being unlimited-radius point counts of song birds. We also find that plot size is ill-defined in recent treatments of \"multi-scale\" occupancy; the respective scales are better interpreted as temporal (instantaneous and asymptotic) rather than spatial. Occupancy is an inadequate metric for population monitoring when it is confounded with home-range size or detection distance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00308.1","usgsCitation":"Efford, M.G., and Dawson, D.K., 2012, Occupancy in continuous habitat: Ecosphere, v. 3, no. 4, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00308.1.","productDescription":"Article 32: 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-027918","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00308.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262928,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00308.1"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd89e4b0e5cfc2acdc86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, Murray G.","contributorId":91616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040596,"text":"pp1795 - 2012 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048975,"text":"pp1795C - 2013 - Effect of ultramafic intrusions and associated mineralized rocks on the aqueous geochemistry of the Tangle Lakes Area, Alaska","indexId":"pp1795C","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Effect of ultramafic intrusions and associated mineralized rocks on the aqueous geochemistry of the Tangle Lakes Area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040596,"text":"pp1795 - 2012 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011","indexId":"pp1795","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:00:34","indexId":"pp1795","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1795","title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011","docAbstract":"The collection of papers that follow continues the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigative reports in Alaska under the broad umbrella of the geologic sciences. This series represents new and sometimes-preliminary findings that are of interest to Earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. The reports presented in Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from various parts of the State, serving to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation's needs for Earth-science information in Alaska. This professional paper is one of a series of \"online only\" versions of Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, reflecting the current trend toward disseminating research results on the World Wide Web with rapid posting of completed reports.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1795","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Dusel-Bacon, C., 2012, Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1795, 1 Chapter: PP 1795-A; More Coming Soon, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1795.","productDescription":"1 Chapter: PP 1795-A; More Coming Soon","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1795.gif"},{"id":262925,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1795/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172.5,51.2 ], [ -172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ -172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd95e4b0e5cfc2acdc8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040594,"text":"cir1376 - 2012 - Streamflow depletion by wells--Understanding and managing the effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T09:13:51","indexId":"cir1376","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1376","title":"Streamflow depletion by wells--Understanding and managing the effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow","docAbstract":"Groundwater is an important source of water for many human needs, including public supply, agriculture, and industry. With the development of any natural resource, however, adverse consequences may be associated with its use. One of the primary concerns related to the development of groundwater resources is the effect of groundwater pumping on streamflow. Groundwater and surface-water systems are connected, and groundwater discharge is often a substantial component of the total flow of a stream. Groundwater pumping reduces the amount of groundwater that flows to streams and, in some cases, can draw streamflow into the underlying groundwater system. Streamflow reductions (or depletions) caused by pumping have become an important water-resource management issue because of the negative impacts that reduced flows can have on aquatic ecosystems, the availability of surface water, and the quality and aesthetic value of streams and rivers. Scientific research over the past seven decades has made important contributions to the basic understanding of the processes and factors that affect streamflow depletion by wells. Moreover, advances in methods for simulating groundwater systems with computer models provide powerful tools for estimating the rates, locations, and timing of streamflow depletion in response to groundwater pumping and for evaluating alternative approaches for managing streamflow depletion. The primary objective of this report is to summarize these scientific insights and to describe the various field methods and modeling approaches that can be used to understand and manage streamflow depletion. A secondary objective is to highlight several misconceptions concerning streamflow depletion and to explain why these misconceptions are incorrect.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1376","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Streamflow depletion by wells--Understanding and managing the effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow; 2012; CIR; 1376; Barlow, Paul M.; Leake, Stanley A.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":262918,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1376/"},{"id":262919,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1376/pdf/circ1376_barlow_report_508.pdf"},{"id":262920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1376.jpg"}],"publishedDate":"2012-11-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd8ee4b0e5cfc2acdc8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040575,"text":"70040575 - 2012 - Breeding colonies of least terns (Sternula antillarum) in northern Sonora, Mexico, 2006-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:47:22","indexId":"70040575","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding colonies of least terns (Sternula antillarum) in northern Sonora, Mexico, 2006-2008","docAbstract":"We document distribution of breeding least terns (Sternula antillarum) in northern Sonora, Mexico, 2006-2008. We report breeding activity at six sites with active colonies, including three previously undocumented colonies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/swan/","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-57.3.347","usgsCitation":"Rosemartin, A., and van Riper, C., 2012, Breeding colonies of least terns (Sternula antillarum) in northern Sonora, Mexico, 2006-2008: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 57, no. 3, p. 342-345, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-57.3.347.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"345","ipdsId":"IP-012183","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262908,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-57.3.347"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0525,26.2968 ], [ -115.0525,32.4943 ], [ -108.4237,32.4943 ], [ -108.4237,26.2968 ], [ -115.0525,26.2968 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094dd58e4b0e5cfc2acdc63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa","contributorId":29766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70049066,"text":"ds709Z - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709Z","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"Z","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kandahar mineral district in Afghanistan"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70101717,"text":"ds709DD - 2014 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghazni1 mineral district in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709DD","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"DD","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghazni1 mineral district in Afghanistan"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70101718,"text":"ds709EE - 2014 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghazni2 mineral district in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709EE","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"EE","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghazni2 mineral district in Afghanistan"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70101719,"text":"ds709FF - 2014 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Farah mineral district in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709FF","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"FF","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Farah mineral district in Afghanistan"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040370,"text":"ds709 - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","indexId":"ds709","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:10:22","indexId":"ds709","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","title":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for each of the 24 mineral project areas (referred to herein as areas of interest), whose locality names, locations, and main mineral occurrences are shown on the index map of Afghanistan (fig. 1). ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420-500 nanometer, nm), green (520-600 nm), red (610-690 nm), and near-infrared (760-890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520-770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. PRISM image orthorectification for one-half of the target areas was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within each resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a specified radius that was usually 500 m. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (either 41 or 42) and the WGS84 datum. Most final image mosaics were subdivided into overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target areas. The image tiles (or quadrants) for each area of interest are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Approximately one-half of the study areas have at least one subarea designated for detailed field investigations; the subareas were extracted from the area's image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is composed of 24 chapters. Please visit DS 709 to view available chapters.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, 24 Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709.","productDescription":"24 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709.jpg"},{"id":262613,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee041e4b022001d87bb82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70249837,"text":"70249837 - 2012 - Mapped versus actual burned area within wildfire perimeters: Characterizing the unburned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T21:03:50.201344","indexId":"70249837","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T15:58:22","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapped versus actual burned area within wildfire perimeters: Characterizing the unburned","docAbstract":"For decades, wildfire studies have utilized fire occurrence as the primary data source for investigating the causes and effects of wildfire on the landscape. Fire occurrence data fall primarily into two categories: ignition points and perimeter polygons which are used to calculate a ‘burned area’ for a fire. However, understanding the relationships between climate and fire or between fire and its ecological effects requires an understanding of the burn heterogeneity across the landscape and the area within fire perimeters that remains unburned. This research characterizes unburned areas within fire perimeters, which provide ecological refugia and seed source for post-fire regeneration. We utilized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) data to examine the frequency, extent, and spatial patterns of unburned area in three national parks across the western US (Glacier, Yosemite, and Yukon-Charley Rivers). We characterized unburned area within fire perimeters by fire size and severity, characterized distance to an unburned area across the burned portion of the fire, and investigated patch dynamics of unburned patches within the fire perimeter. From 1984 through 2009, the total area within the fire perimeters that was classified as unburned from dNBR was 37% for Yosemite, 17% for Glacier, and 14% for Yukon-Charley. Variation in unburned area between fires was highest in Yosemite and lowest in Yukon-Charley. The unburned proportion significantly decreased with increasing fire size and severity across all three parks. Unburned patch size increased with size of fire perimeter, but patches decreased in density. There were no temporal trends in unburned area found. These results raise questions about the validity of relationships found between external forcing agents, such as climate, and ‘burned area’ values derived solely from polygon fire perimeters.
Tributaries of tailwater fisheries in the southeastern USA have been used for spawning by stocked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but their importance may have been underestimated using traditional fish survey methods such as electrofishing and redd counts. We used a bi-genomic approach, mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci, to estimate the number of spawning adults in one small tributary (Cabin Creek) of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, where rainbow trout are known to spawn and have successful recruitment. We extracted and analysed DNA from seven mature male rainbow trout and four juveniles that were captured in February 2006 in Cabin Creek and from 24 young-of-year (YOY) trout that were captured in April 2006. From these samples, we estimated that 24 individuals were spawning to produce the amount of genetic variation observed in the juveniles and YOY, although none of the mature males we sampled were indicated as sires. Analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop region identified four distinct haplotypes, suggesting that individuals representing four maternal lineages contributed to the offspring. Our analyses indicated that many more adults were spawning in this system than previously estimated with direct count methods and provided insight into rainbow trout spawning behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.1556","collaboration":"Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Lee, D., Lack, J., Van Den Bussche, R.A., and Long, J.M., 2012, Importance of tributary streams for rainbow trout reproduction: insights from a small stream in Georgia and a bi-genomic approach: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1587-1593, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1556.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1593","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024578","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55aa2738e4b0183d66e47e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, D.","contributorId":25534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lack, Justin B.","contributorId":82038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lack","given":"Justin B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039151,"text":"70039151 - 2012 - The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: Structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:17:46.668097","indexId":"70039151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3290,"text":"Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2215-2075","printIssn":"0034-7744","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: Structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem","docAbstract":"Fishes at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, were surveyed as part of a larger scientific expedition to the area in September 2009. The average total biomass of nearshore fishes was 7.8 tonnes per ha, among the largest observed in the tropics, with apex predators such as sharks, jacks, and groupers accounting for nearly 40% of the total biomass. The abundance of reef and pelagic sharks, particularly large aggregations of threatened species such as the scalloped hammerhead shark (up to 42 hammerheads ha-1) and large schools of jacks and snappers show the capacity for high biomass in unfished ecosystems in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. However, the abundance of hammerhead and reef whitetip sharks appears to have been declining since the late 1990s, and likely causes may include increasing fishing pressure on sharks in the region and illegal fishing inside the Park. One Galapagos shark tagged on September 20, 2009 in the Isla del Coco National Park moved 255km southeast towards Malpelo Island in Colombia, when it stopped transmitting. These results contribute to the evidence that sharks conduct large-scale movements between marine protected areas (Isla del Coco, Malpelo, Galápagos) in the Eastern tropical Pacific and emphasize the need for regional-scale management. More than half of the species and 90% of the individuals observed were endemic to the tropical eastern Pacific. These high biomass and endemicity values highlight the uniqueness of the fish assemblage at Isla del Coco and its importance as a global biodiversity hotspot.
","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., Zgliczynski, B.J., Ballesteros, E., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Bolanos, A., and Sala, E., 2012, The shallow-water fish assemblage of Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica: Structure and patterns in an isolated, predator-dominated ecosystem: Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, v. 60, no. Supplement 3, p. 321-338.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"338","ipdsId":"IP-036295","costCenters":[{"id":333,"text":"Hawaii Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281003,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/28407"}],"country":"Costa Rica","otherGeospatial":"Cocos Island, Isla Del Coco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.12038040161133,\n 5.478787347430845\n ],\n [\n -87.01240539550781,\n 5.478787347430845\n ],\n [\n -87.01240539550781,\n 5.5753250966420795\n ],\n [\n -87.12038040161133,\n 5.5753250966420795\n ],\n [\n -87.12038040161133,\n 5.478787347430845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"Supplement 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7895e4b0b2908510c40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, Alan M. afriedlander@usgs.gov","contributorId":53079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"Alan","email":"afriedlander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zgliczynski, Brian J.","contributorId":73495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zgliczynski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballesteros, Enric","contributorId":56113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballesteros","given":"Enric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio","contributorId":91784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aburto-Oropeza","given":"Octavio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bolanos, Allan","contributorId":53695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolanos","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sala, Enric","contributorId":38437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sala","given":"Enric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048188,"text":"70048188 - 2012 - MiniSipper: A new in situ water sampler for high-resolution, long-duration acid mine drainage monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-16T12:24:24","indexId":"70048188","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T12:17:04","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MiniSipper: A new in situ water sampler for high-resolution, long-duration acid mine drainage monitoring","docAbstract":"Abandoned hard-rock mines can be a significant source of acid mine drainage (AMD) and toxic metal pollution to watersheds. In Colorado, USA, abandoned mines are often located in remote, high elevation areas that are snowbound for 7–8 months of the year. The difficulty in accessing these remote sites, especially during winter, creates challenging water sampling problems and major hydrologic and toxic metal loading events are often under sampled. Currently available automated water samplers are not well suited for sampling remote snowbound areas so the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a new water sampler, the MiniSipper, to provide long-duration, high-resolution water sampling in remote areas. The MiniSipper is a small, portable sampler that uses gas bubbles to separate up to 250 five milliliter acidified samples in a long tubing coil. The MiniSipper operates for over 8 months unattended in water under snow/ice, reduces field work costs, and greatly increases sampling resolution, especially during inaccessible times. MiniSippers were deployed in support of an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) project evaluating acid mine drainage inputs from the Pennsylvania Mine to the Snake River watershed in Summit County, CO, USA. MiniSipper metal results agree within 10% of EPA-USGS hand collected grab sample results. Our high-resolution results reveal very strong correlations (R2 > 0.9) between potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) and specific conductivity at the Pennsylvania Mine site. The large number of samples collected by the MiniSipper over the entire water year provides a detailed look at the effects of major hydrologic events such as snowmelt runoff and rainstorms on metal loading from the Pennsylvania Mine. MiniSipper results will help guide EPA sampling strategy and remediation efforts in the Snake River watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.083","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T.P., and Todd, A., 2012, MiniSipper: A new in situ water sampler for high-resolution, long-duration acid mine drainage monitoring: Science of the Total Environment, v. 439, p. 343-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.083.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"353","ipdsId":"IP-038379","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277598,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.083"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52382865e4b0c7d45ef06110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, Thomas P.","contributorId":96184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S.","contributorId":33162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150441,"text":"70150441 - 2012 - Species-specific and transgenerational responses to increasing salinity in sympatric freshwater gastropods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T11:02:05","indexId":"70150441","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species-specific and transgenerational responses to increasing salinity in sympatric freshwater gastropods","docAbstract":"Freshwater salinization is a global concern partly attributable to anthropogenic salt contamination. The authors examined the effects of increased salinity (as NaCl, 250-4,000 µS/cm, specific conductance) on two sympatric freshwater gastropods (Helisoma trivolvis and Physa pomillia). Life stage sensitivities were determined by exposing naive eggs or naive juveniles (through adulthood and reproduction). Additionally, progeny eggs from the juvenile-adult exposures were maintained at their respective parental salinities to examine transgenerational effects. Naive H. trivolvis eggs experienced delayed development at specific conductance > 250 µS/cm; reduced survivorship and reproduction were also seen in juvenile H. trivolvis at 4,000 µS/cm. Survival and growth of P. pomilia were not affected by increased salinity following egg or juvenile exposures. Interestingly, the progeny of H. trivolvis exposed to higher salinity may have gained tolerance to increased salinity whereas P. pomilia progeny may have experienced negative transgenerational effects. The present study demonstrates that freshwater snail species vary in their tolerance to salinization and also highlights the importance of multigenerational studies, as stressor impacts may not be readily apparent from shorter term exposures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.1972","usgsCitation":"Suski, J.G., Salice, C.J., and Patino, R., 2012, Species-specific and transgenerational responses to increasing salinity in sympatric freshwater gastropods: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2517-2524, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1972.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2517","endPage":"2524","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033134","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77bae4b0b6d21dd65972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suski, Jamie G.","contributorId":143760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suski","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salice, Christopher J.","contributorId":143761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salice","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70101174,"text":"70101174 - 2012 - Population ecology of breeding Pacific common eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T11:45:15","indexId":"70101174","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population ecology of breeding Pacific common eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Populations of Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in western Alaska declined by 50–90% from 1957 to 1992 and then stabilized at reduced numbers from the early 1990s to the present. We investigated the underlying processes affecting their population dynamics by collection and analysis of demographic data from Pacific common eiders at 3 sites on the YKD (1991–2004) for 29 site-years. We examined variation in components of reproduction, tested hypotheses about the influence of specific ecological factors on life-history variables, and investigated their relative contributions to local population dynamics. Reproductive output was low and variable, both within and among individuals, whereas apparent survival of adult females was high and relatively invariant (0.89 ± 0.005). All reproductive parameters varied across study sites and years. Clutch initiation dates ranged from 4 May to 28 June, with peak (modal) initiation occurring on 26 May. Females at an island study site consistently initiated clutches 3–5 days earlier in each year than those on 2 mainland sites. Population variance in nest initiation date was negatively related to the peak, suggesting increased synchrony in years of delayed initiation. On average, total clutch size (laid) ranged from 4.8 to 6.6 eggs, and declined with date of nest initiation. After accounting for partial predation and non-viability of eggs, average clutch size at hatch ranged from 2.0 to 5.8 eggs. Within seasons, daily survival probability (DSP) of nests was lowest during egg-laying and late-initiation dates. Estimated nest survival varied considerably across sites and years (mean = 0.55, range: 0.06–0.92), but process variance in nest survival was relatively low (0.02, CI: 0.01–0.05), indicating that most variance was likely attributed to sampling error. We found evidence that observer effects may have reduced overall nest survival by 0.0–0.36 across site-years. Study sites with lower sample sizes and more frequent visitations appeared to experience greater observer effects. In general, Pacific common eiders exhibited high spatio-temporal variance in reproductive components. Larger clutch sizes and high nest survival at early initiation dates suggested directional selection favoring early nesting. However, stochastic environmental effects may have precluded response to this apparent selection pressure. Our results suggest that females breeding early in the season have the greatest reproductive value, as these birds lay the largest clutches and have the highest probability of successfully hatching. We developed stochastic, stage-based, matrix population models that incorporated observed spatio-temporal (process) variance and co-variation in vital rates, and projected the stable stage distribution () and population growth rate (λ). We used perturbation analyses to examine the relative influence of changes in vital rates on λ and variance decomposition to assess the proportion of variation in λ explained by process variation in each vital rate. In addition to matrix-based λ, we estimated λ using capture–recapture approaches, and log-linear regression. We found the stable age distribution for Pacific common eiders was weighted heavily towards experienced adult females (≥4 yr of age), and all calculations of λ indicated that the YKD population was stable to slightly increasing (λmatrix = 1.02, CI: 1.00–1.04); λreverse-capture–recapture = 1.05, CI: 0.99–1.11; λlog-linear = 1.04, CI: 0.98–1.10). Perturbation analyses suggested the population would respond most dramatically to changes in adult female survival (relative influence of adult survival was 1.5 times that of fecundity), whereas retrospective variation in λ was primarily explained by fecundity parameters (60%), particularly duckling survival (42%). Among components of fecundity, sensitivities were highest for duckling survival, suggesti","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Wildlife Monographs","doi":"10.1002/wmon.8","usgsCitation":"Wilson, H.M., Flint, P.L., Powell, A., Grand, J., and Moral, C.L., 2012, Population ecology of breeding Pacific common eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Wildlife Monographs, v. 182, no. 1, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.8.","productDescription":"28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-028472","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G6G0AV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Pacific common eider (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) nest records, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, 1991-2004"},{"id":286181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286079,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wmon.8"},{"id":286080,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wmon.8/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-kushokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.1094,62.3668 ], [ -165.1094,63.2645 ], [ -162.7789,63.2645 ], [ -162.7789,62.3668 ], [ -165.1094,62.3668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"182","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594f7e4b0120853e8c109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Heather M.","contributorId":37056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry","contributorId":61950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J. Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moral, Christine L.","contributorId":57765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moral","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169895,"text":"70169895 - 2012 - Free tropospheric transport of microorganisms from Asia to North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T10:27:36","indexId":"70169895","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Free tropospheric transport of microorganisms from Asia to North America","docAbstract":"Microorganisms are abundant in the troposphere and can be transported vast distances on prevailing winds. This study measures the abundance and diversity of airborne bacteria and fungi sampled at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (located 2.7 km above sea level in North America) where incoming free tropospheric air routinely arrives from distant sources across the Pacific Ocean, including Asia. Overall deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentrations for microorganisms in the free troposphere, derived from quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, averaged 4.94 × 10(-5) ng DNA m(-3) for bacteria and 4.77 × 10(-3) ng DNA m(-3) for fungi. Aerosols occasionally corresponded with microbial abundance, most often in the springtime. Viable cells were recovered from 27.4 % of bacterial and 47.6 % of fungal samples (N = 124), with 49 different species identified by ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. The number of microbial isolates rose significantly above baseline values on 22-23 April 2011 and 13-15 May 2011. Both events were analyzed in detail, revealing distinct free tropospheric chemistries (e.g., low water vapor, high aerosols, carbon monoxide, and ozone) useful for ruling out boundary layer contamination. Kinematic back trajectory modeling suggested air from these events probably originated near China or Japan. Even after traveling for 10 days across the Pacific Ocean in the free troposphere, diverse and viable microbial populations, including presumptive plant pathogens Alternaria infectoria and Chaetomium globosum, were detected in Asian air samples. Establishing a connection between the intercontinental transport of microorganisms and specific diseases in North America will require follow-up investigations on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Microbial Ecology","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00248-012-0088-9","usgsCitation":"D. Smith, Jaffe, D., Birmele, M., Griffin, D.W., Andrew Schuerger, Hee, J., and Roberts, M., 2012, Free tropospheric transport of microorganisms from Asia to North America: Microbial Ecology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 973-985, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-012-0088-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"985","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036127","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fba7a7e4b0a6037df1a148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D. Smith","contributorId":168340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D. Smith","affiliations":[{"id":25260,"text":"University of Washington, Department of Biology, Seattle, WA, U","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Dan","contributorId":168345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25263,"text":"University of Washington-Bothell, Department of Atmospheric Scie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birmele, Michele","contributorId":168347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birmele","given":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25261,"text":"NASA Kennedy Space Center, ESC Team QNA, Kennedy Space Center,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrew Schuerger","contributorId":168344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrew Schuerger","affiliations":[{"id":25262,"text":"University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hee, J.","contributorId":168350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hee","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, Michael","contributorId":168346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25262,"text":"University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047415,"text":"70047415 - 2012 - Mapping temperature and radiant geothermal heat flux anomalies in the Yellowstone geothermal system using ASTER thermal infrared data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T08:58:05","indexId":"70047415","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T11:10:31","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping temperature and radiant geothermal heat flux anomalies in the Yellowstone geothermal system using ASTER thermal infrared data","docAbstract":"The purpose of this work was to use satellite-based thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing data to measure, map, and monitor geothermal activity within the Yellowstone geothermal area to help meet the missions of both the U.S. Geological Survey Yellowstone Volcano Observatory and the Yellowstone National Park Geology Program. Specifically, the goals were to: 1) address the challenges of remotely characterizing the spatially and temporally dynamic thermal features in Yellowstone by using nighttime TIR data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and 2) estimate the temperature, geothermal radiant emittance, and radiant geothermal heat flux (GHF) for Yellowstone’s thermal areas (both Park wide and for individual thermal areas).
\nASTER TIR data (90-m pixels) acquired at night during January and February, 2010, were used to estimate surface temperature, radiant emittance, and radiant GHF from all of Yellowstone’s thermal features, produce thermal anomaly maps, and update field-based maps of thermal areas. A background subtraction technique was used to isolate the geothermal component of TIR radiance from thermal radiance due to insolation. A lower limit for the Yellowstone’s total radiant GHF was established at ~2.0 GW, which is ~30-45% of the heat flux estimated through geochemical (Cl-flux) methods. Additionally, about 5 km2 was added to the geodatabase of mapped thermal areas.
\nThis work provides a framework for future satellite-based thermal monitoring at Yellowstone as well as exploration of other volcanic / geothermal systems on a global scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, R.G., Lowenstern, J.B., Keszthelyi, L., Jaworowski, C., and Heasler, H., 2012, Mapping temperature and radiant geothermal heat flux anomalies in the Yellowstone geothermal system using ASTER thermal infrared data: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 36, p. 1403-1409.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1409","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-039085","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287663,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1030414"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5387056de4b0aa26cd7b53c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, R. Greg 0000-0002-0850-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0850-6669","contributorId":69030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Greg","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaworowski, Cheryl","contributorId":25989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaworowski","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heasler, Henry","contributorId":62683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70039495,"text":"70039495 - 2012 - Incorporating movement patterns to improve survival estimates for juvenile bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-15T10:50:54","indexId":"70039495","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T10:42:34","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating movement patterns to improve survival estimates for juvenile bull trout","docAbstract":"Populations of many fish species are sensitive to changes in vital rates during early life stages, but our understanding of the factors affecting growth, survival, and movement patterns is often extremely limited for juvenile fish. These critical information gaps are particularly evident for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus, a threatened Pacific Northwest char. We combined several active and passive mark–recapture and resight techniques to assess migration rates and estimate survival for juvenile bull trout (70–170 mm total length). We evaluated the relative performance of multiple survival estimation techniques by comparing results from a common Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) model, the less widely used Barker model, and a simple return rate (an index of survival). Juvenile bull trout of all sizes emigrated from their natal habitat throughout the year, and thereafter migrated up to 50 km downstream. With the CJS model, high emigration rates led to an extreme underestimate of apparent survival, a combined estimate of site fidelity and survival. In contrast, the Barker model, which allows survival and emigration to be modeled as separate parameters, produced estimates of survival that were much less biased than the return rate. Estimates of age-class-specific annual survival from the Barker model based on all available data were 0.218±0.028 (estimate±SE) for age-1 bull trout and 0.231±0.065 for age-2 bull trout. This research demonstrates the importance of incorporating movement patterns into survival analyses, and we provide one of the first field-based estimates of juvenile bull trout annual survival in relatively pristine rearing conditions. These estimates can provide a baseline for comparison with future studies in more impacted systems and will help managers develop reliable stage-structured population models to evaluate future recovery strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.720644","usgsCitation":"Bowerman, T., and Budy, P., 2012, Incorporating movement patterns to improve survival estimates for juvenile bull trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1123-1136, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720644.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1123","endPage":"1136","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-036702","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720644","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720644"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountains;Skiphorton Creek;South Fork Walla Walla River;Walla Walla River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.07,45.58 ], [ -119.07,46.21 ], [ -117.39,46.21 ], [ -117.39,45.58 ], [ -119.07,45.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6240e4b0b290850fe112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowerman, Tracy","contributorId":95796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra","contributorId":24215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","affiliations":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}