{"pageNumber":"1605","pageRowStart":"40100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":48035,"text":"ofr72163 - 1973 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"ofr72163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-163","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington","docAbstract":"Periods of low streamflow are usually the most critical factor in relation to most water uses. The purpose of this report is to present data on low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington, and to briefly explain some of the factors that influence low flow in the various basins. \r\n\r\nPresented are data on low-flow frequencies of streams in the Puget Sound region, as gathered at 150 gaging stations. Four indexes were computed from the flow-flow-frequency curves and were used as a basis to compare the low-flow characteristics of the streams. The indexes are the (1) low-flow-yield index, expressed in unit runoff per square mile; (2) base-flow index, or the ratio of the median 7-day low flow to the average discharge; (3) slope index, or slope of annual 7-day low-flow-frequency curve; and (4) spacing index, or spread between the 7-day and 183-day low-flow-frequency curves. The indexes showed a wide variation between streams due to the complex interrelation between climate, topography, and geology. \r\n\r\nThe largest low-flow-yield indexes determined--greater than 1.5 cfs (cubic feet per second) per square mile--were for streams that head at high altitudes in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains and have their sources at glaciers. The smallest low-flow-yield indexes--less than 0.5 cfs per square mile--were for the small streams that drain the lowlands adjacent to Puget Sound. Indexes between the two extremes were for nonglacial streams that head at fairly high altitudes in areas of abundant precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe base-flow index has variations that can be attributed to a basin's hydrogeology, with very little influence from climate. The largest base-flow indexes were obtained for streams draining permeable unconsolidated glacial and alluvial sediments in parts of the lowlands adjacent to Puget Sound. Large volume of ground water in these materials sustain flows during late summer. The smallest indexes were computed for streams draining areas underlain by relatively impermeable igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks or by relatively impermeable glacial till. Melt water from snow and ice influences the index for streams which originate at glaciers, and result in fairly large indexes--0.25 or greater. \r\n\r\nThe slope index is influenced principally by the character of the geologic materials that underlie the basin. The largest slope indexes were computed for small streams that drain areas underlain by compact glacial till or consolidated sedimentary rocks. In contrast, lowland streams that flow through areas underlain by unconsolidated alluvia and glacial deposits have the smallest indexes. Small slope indexes also are characteristic of glacial streams and show the moderating effect of the snow and ice storage in the high mountain basins. \r\n\r\nThe spacing indexes are similar to the slope indexes in that they are affected by the character of the geologic materials underlying a basin. The largest spacing indexes are characteristic of small streams whose basins are underlain by glacial till or by consolidated sedimentary rocks. The smallest indexes were computed for some lowland streams draining areas underlain by permeable glacial and alluvial sediments. \r\n\r\nThe indexes do not appear to have a definite relation to each other. The low-flow-yield indexes are not related to either the slope or spacing indexes because snow and ice storage has a great influence on the low-flow-yield index, while the character of the geologic materials influences the slope and spacing indexes. A relation exists between the slope and spacing indexes but many anomalies occur that cannot be explained by the geology of the basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72163","usgsCitation":"Hidaka, F., 1973, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Puget Sound region, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-163, 162 p. ill., maps (1 col.) ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72163.","productDescription":"162 p. ill., maps (1 col.) ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84804,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0163/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hidaka, F.T.","contributorId":48542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidaka","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1750,"text":"wsp1940 - 1973 - Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp1940","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1940","title":"Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The effects of coal-mine drainage on the water resources of the Tradewater River basin, in the Western Coal Field region of Kentucky, were evaluated (1) by synthesis and interpretation of 16 years of daily conductance data. 465 chemical analyses covering an 18-year period, 28 years of daily discharge data, and 14 years of daily suspended-sediment data from the Tradewater River at Olney and (2) by collection, synthesis, and interpretation of chemical and physical water-quality data and water-quantity data collected over a 2-year period from mined and nonmined sites in the basin. \r\n\r\nMaximum observed values of 13 chemical and physical water-quality parameters were three to 300 times greater in the discharge from mined subbasins than in the discharge from nonmined subbasins. Potassium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations were not significantly different between mined and nonmined areas. \r\n\r\nMean sulfate loads carried by the Tradewater River at Olney were about 75 percent greater for the period 1955-67 than for the period 1952-54. Suspended-sediment loads at Olney for the November-April storm-runoff periods generally vary in response to strip-mine coal production in the basin above Olney. Streamflow is maintained during extended dry periods in mined subbasins after streams in nonmined subbasins have ceased flowing. \r\n\r\nSome possible methods of reducing the effects of mine drainage on the streams are considered in view of a geochemical model proposed by Ivan Barnes and F. E. Clarke. Use of low-flow-augmenting reservoirs and crushed limestone in streambeds in nonmined areas seems to be the most promising method for alleviating effects of mine drainage at the present time. Other aspects of the water resources such as variability of water quantity and water quality in the basin are discussed briefly.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1940","usgsCitation":"Grubb, H.F., and Ryder, P.D., 1973, Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1940, v, 83 p. :illus. (2 fold. maps in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1940.","productDescription":"v, 83 p. :illus. (2 fold. maps in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110055,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25168.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25168"},{"id":137122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26855,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26856,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubb, Hayes F.","contributorId":91079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"Hayes","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":46348,"text":"ofr73329 - 1973 - Atlas of Mars, Lunae Palus quadrangle, MC-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T21:38:07.129933","indexId":"ofr73329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-329","title":"Atlas of Mars, Lunae Palus quadrangle, MC-10","docAbstract":"<p>This mosaic was made with Mariner 9 pictures provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology. The Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) of JPL processed the digital pictures to remove image artifacts and geometric distortions, to enhance high-frequency topographic detail while subduing low-frequency albedo variation, and to transform the pictures to a Mercator projection. The U.S. Geological Survey performed further artifact removal and modified contrast and tone of each picture analytically on the digital magnetic tapes provided by IPL for uniformity of tone and contrast within the mosaic. Photographic reproductions of the pictures were generated from the magnetic tapes and mosaicked by the U.S. Geological Survey.</p><p>Primary horizontal control points, where available, controlled the placement of pictures. Where these points were not available, picture placement was controlled by spacecraft tracking data and by matching images in overlap zones between pictures. Discrepancies in matching these images are less than 10 km over 90% of the mosaic. The number designations and positions of the primary control points, shown by broken crosses (-l-), are those given by Davies and Arthur (1973).</p><p>Aerographic latitudes are shown on this mosaic. The projection is based on a theoretical dynamical ellipticity of 1/192. The scale is based on an equatorial radius of 3393.4 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73329","usgsCitation":"United States Geological Survey, 1973, Atlas of Mars, Lunae Palus quadrangle, MC-10: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-329, 1 Plate: 22.90 x 25.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73329.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 22.90 x 25.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0329/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":432222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0329/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Mercator Projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"United States Geological Survey","contributorId":128013,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"United States Geological Survey","id":531671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":46351,"text":"ofr73332 - 1973 - Atlas of Mars, Memnonia quadrangle, MC-16","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46351,"text":"ofr73332 - 1973 - Atlas of Mars, Memnonia quadrangle, MC-16","indexId":"ofr73332","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Atlas of Mars, Memnonia quadrangle, MC-16"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65889,"text":"i1075 - 1978 - Shaded relief map of the Memnonia Quadrangle of Mars","indexId":"i1075","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Memnonia Quadrangle of Mars"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":65889,"text":"i1075 - 1978 - Shaded relief map of the Memnonia Quadrangle of Mars","indexId":"i1075","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Memnonia Quadrangle of Mars"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-05T21:34:32.628744","indexId":"ofr73332","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-332","title":"Atlas of Mars, Memnonia quadrangle, MC-16","docAbstract":"<p>This mosaic was made with Mariner 9 pictures provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology. The Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) of JPL processed the digital pictures to remove image artifacts and geometric distortions, to enhance high-frequency topographic detail while subduing low-frequency albedo variation, and to transform the pictures to a Mercator projection. The U.S. Geological Survey performed further artifact removal and modified contrast and tone of each picture analytically on the digital magnetic tapes provided by IPL for uniformity of tone and contrast within the mosaic. Photographic reproductions of the pictures were generated from the magnetic tapes and mosaicked by the U. S. Geological Survey.</p><p>Primary horizontal control points, where available, controlled the placement of pictures. Where these points were not available, picture placement was controlled by spacecraft tracking data and by matching images in overlap zones between pictures. Discrepancies in matching these images are less than 10 km over 90% of the mosaic. The number designations and positions of the primary control points, shown by broken crosses (-l-), are those given by Davies and Arthur (1973).</p><p>Aerographic latitudes are shown on this mosaic. The projection is based on a theoretical dynamical ellipticity of 1/192. The scale is based on an equatorial radius of 3393. 4 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73332","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Insitute of Technology, and the Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"United States Geological Survey, 1973, Atlas of Mars, Memnonia quadrangle, MC-16: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-332, 1 Plate: 23.39 x 26.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73332.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.39 x 26.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":432216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0332/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0332/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Mercator Projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"United States Geological Survey","contributorId":128013,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"United States Geological Survey","id":531674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13578,"text":"ofr7369 - 1973 - Geology and mineral deposits of an area in the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas (Subzone IIB), Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr7369","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-69","title":"Geology and mineral deposits of an area in the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas (Subzone IIB), Colombia","docAbstract":"The Inventario Minero National (IMN), a four-year cooperative geologic mapping and mineral resources appraisal project, was accomplished under an agreement between the Republic of Colombia and the U. S. Agency for International Development from 1964 through 1969. Subzone IIB, consisting essentially of the east half of Zone comprises nearly 20,000 km2 principally in the Department of Antioquia but including also small parts of the Departments of Caldas and Tolima. The rocks in IIB range from Precambrian to Holocene. Precambrian feldspar-quartz gneiss occupies a mosaic of fault-bounded blocks intruded by igneous rocks between the Oto fault and the Rio Magdalena. \r\n\r\nPaleozoic rocks are extensive, and include lightly metamorphosed graptolite-bearing Ordovician shale at Cristalina, and a major suite of graphitic quartz-mica schist, feldspathic and aluminous gneiss, quartzite, marble, amphibolite, and other rocks. Syntectonic intrusive gneiss included many of the older rocks during a late Paleozoic(?) orogeny, which was accompanied by Abukuma-type metamorphosing from lowermost greenschist to upper amphibolite facies. A Jurassic diorite pluton bounded by faults cuts volcanic rocks of unknown age east of the Otu fault. Cretaceous rocks are major units. Middle Cretaceous carbonaceous shale, sandstone, graywacke, conglomerate, and volcanic rocks are locally prominent. The Antioquian batholith (quartz diorite) of Late Cretaceous age cuts the middle Cretaceous and older rocks. A belt of Tertiary nonmarine clastic sedimentary rocks crops out along the Magdalena Valley. Patches of Tertiary alluvium are locally preserved in the mountains. Quaternary alluvium, much of it auriferous, is widespread in modern stream valleys. \r\n\r\nStructurally IIB constitutes part of a vast complex synclinorium intruded concordantly by syntectonic catazonal or mesozonal felsic plutons, and by the later epizonal post-tectonic Antioquian batholith. Previously unrecognized major wrench faults are outstanding structural features of IIB. Some are traceable for several hundred kilometers and probably have displacements measurable in kilometers, although only the Palestina fault, with right-lateral displacement of 27.7 km, is accurately documented. \r\n\r\nCorrelations of rocks mapped in IIB with those of outlying areas including neighboring IIA are discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr7369","usgsCitation":"Feininger, T., Barrero L., D., Castro, N., and Hall, R., 1973, Geology and mineral deposits of an area in the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas (Subzone IIB), Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-69, ix, 223 p. :ill., maps (2 col.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7369.","productDescription":"ix, 223 p. :ill., maps (2 col.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95147,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0069/plate-1.pdf","size":"12911","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95148,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0069/plate-2.pdf","size":"12089","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b468e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feininger, Tomas","contributorId":97905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feininger","given":"Tomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrero L., Dario","contributorId":21171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrero L.","given":"Dario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro, Nestor","contributorId":68749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro","given":"Nestor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, R.B.","contributorId":17214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2405,"text":"wsp2017 - 1973 - Improvement of trout streams in Wisconsin by augmenting low flows with ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-01T13:24:03","indexId":"wsp2017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017","title":"Improvement of trout streams in Wisconsin by augmenting low flows with ground water","docAbstract":"<p>Approximately 2 cubic feet per second of ground water were introduced into the Little Plover River in 1968 when natural streamflow ranged from 3 to 4 cubic feet per second. These augmentation flows were retained undiminished through the 2-mile reach of stream monitored. Maximum stream temperatures were reduced as much as 5?F (3?C) at the augmentation site during the test period, although changes became insignificant more than 1 mile downstream. Maximum temperatures might be reduced as much as 10?F (6?C) during critical periods, based on estimates using a stream temperature model developed as part of the study. During critical periods significant temperature improvement may extend 2 miles or more downstream. Changes in minimum DO (dissolved oxygen) levels were slight, primarily because of the high natural DO levels occurring during the test period. Criteria for considering other streams for flow augmentation are developed on the basis of the observed hydrologic responses in the Little Plover River. Augmentation flows of nearly 2? cubic feet per second of ground water were introduced into the headwater reach of Black Earth Creek from the end of June through mid-October 1969. Streamflow ranged from 1 to 2 cubic feet per second at the augmentation site, and the average flow at the gaging station at Black Earth, approximately 8 miles downstream, ranged from 25 to 50 cubic feet per second. Augmentation flows were retained through the 8-mile reach of stream. Temperature of the augmentation flow as it entered the stream ranged from 60? to 70?F (about 16? to 21?C) during the test period, and minimum stream temperatures were raised 5?F (3?C) or more at the augmentation site, with changes extending from 2 to 3 miles downstream. Augmentation during critical periods could maintain stream temperatures between 40? and 70?F (4? and 21?C) through most of the study reach. DO levels were increased by as much as 2 milligrams per liter or more below the augmentation site, although the improvement diminished to approximately 1 milligram per liter downstream in the problem reach. During critical periods DO improvement in the problem reach would be somewhat greater. Flow augmentation would not be necessary during normal conditions in either of the streams studied. Critical DO and temperature levels are not known to occur in the Little Plover River. Since the construction of secondary treatment facilities at the Cross Plains sewage-treatment plant, critical DO levels are no longer expected to be a problem in Black Earth Creek. However, results from this study may be used to estimate the effectiveness of flow augmentation in other streams in similar areas in which critical DO or temperature levels may occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Novitzki, R., 1973, Improvement of trout streams in Wisconsin by augmenting low flows with ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2017, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2017.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28405,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County, Portage County","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek, Little Plover River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]],[[[-89.2234,44.6814],[-89.2231,44.5916],[-89.2235,44.504],[-89.2238,44.4174],[-89.2242,44.3308],[-89.2245,44.2433],[-89.2469,44.2438],[-89.3464,44.2439],[-89.3649,44.2439],[-89.4835,44.244],[-89.488,44.244],[-89.5977,44.2458],[-89.606,44.2458],[-89.717,44.2475],[-89.7247,44.2479],[-89.7243,44.3372],[-89.7259,44.4239],[-89.7268,44.5114],[-89.8447,44.5116],[-89.8451,44.5983],[-89.8449,44.6849],[-89.7268,44.6852],[-89.608,44.6853],[-89.4899,44.6858],[-89.346,44.6812],[-89.2234,44.6814]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eeb53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novitzki, R.P.","contributorId":73986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novitzki","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":145149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2005,"text":"wsp2024 - 1973 - Water resources of the Big Sioux River Valley near Sioux Falls, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T12:37:57","indexId":"wsp2024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024","title":"Water resources of the Big Sioux River Valley near Sioux Falls, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The major sources of water in the Big Sioux River valley between Sioux Falls and Dell Rapids, S.Dak., are the Big Sioux River and the glacial outwash aquifer beneath the flood plain. The river and the aquifer are hydraulically connected.</p>\n<p>The Big Sioux River has an average annual discharge of 246 cubic feet per second, on the average exceeds bankfull stage every 2.3 years, and has moderate basin storage.. Periods of low flow are common in the late summer, fall, and winter. A low flow of 0.1 cubic foot per second has been recorded.</p>\n<p>The outwash aquifer is composed of permeable sand, sand and gravel, and some boulders. The aquifer underlies an area of 33 square miles and commonly has a saturated thickness of less than 30 feet.</p>\n<p>Aquifer tests and measurements of streamflow indicate a rate of streambed infiltration of about 6 gallons per day per square foot. Analyses of streambed samples and interpretations of lithology from an electric log indicate that the streambed sediments in the diversion channel of the Big Sioux River consist largely of relatively impermeable silts and clays.</p>\n<p>Under normal climatic conditions, most of the water pumped by the city of Sioux Falls is water that entered the aquifer by streambed infiltration.</p>\n<p>To evaluate the importance of the aquifer in the hydrologic system, both an electrical analog model and a digital model were programmed for storage depletion alone. These models were used to determine the water-level declines in the aquifer that would result from 1 year of withdrawal at a rate of 9-10 million gallons per day. Both models indicated that the existing well field can yield water at that rate for more than 1 year.</p>\n<p>The analog model was also used to determine the maximum average daily yield of the aquifer-river system for a 2-year period modeled for the minimum recorded stream discharge and for streambed infiltration as the only recharge. The maximum average yield under these conditions would be less than 24 million gallons per day. Most of the water pumped during this period would be from aquifer storage.</p>\n<p>Water from the river is generally less mineralized, softer, and easier to treat than ground water. Water pumped from wells near the river is similar in quality to the river water, but does not have the objectionable odors or tastes often present in water from the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2024","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., and Ackroyd, E.A., 1973, Water resources of the Big Sioux River Valley near Sioux Falls, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2024, Report: vii, 50 p.; Plate:  44.26 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2024.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 50 p.; Plate:  44.26 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27449,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27450,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","otherGeospatial":"Big Sioux River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5643310546875,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5643310546875,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackroyd, Earl A.","contributorId":59425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackroyd","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27037,"text":"wri7313 - 1973 - Ground-water hydrology of northern Napa Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-08T00:26:00.663327","indexId":"wri7313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-13","title":"Ground-water hydrology of northern Napa Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The alluvium of northern Napa Valley is the principal aquifer of the </span><span>area and is capable of yielding as much as 3,000 gallons per minute to wells. </span><span>Generally the larger-yielding wells are along the Napa River where the </span><span>alluvium is thickest and most permeable. Recharge to the alluvium is chiefly </span><span>by percolation from streams and infiltration of precipitation. Discharge is </span><span>chiefly flow to the Napa River, evapotranspiration, and pumpage from wells. </span><span>Both recharge to, and discharge from, the alluvial aquifer are sensitively </span><span>influenced by rainfall. About 190,000 acre-feet of water is presently (1972) </span><span>stored in the alluvium of northern Napa Valley. Future annual water use in </span><span>the project area will probably vary between 12,000 and 35,000 acre-feet and, </span><span>for most purposes, can be supplied by the alluvial aquifer even during </span><span>extended periods of limited rainfall. Generally low transmissivities in the </span><span>alluvium, however, limit the opportunity for obtaining sustained, large yields </span><span>from wells in much of the valley and require that large-scale development and </span><span>operation of wells in much of the area be planned and synchronized.</span></p><p><span>Sustained drought conditions in the Napa Valley accompanied by expected increases in the use of ground water will probably cause significant reductions in the base flow of the Napa River and cause many shallow wells in the area to dry up. </span></p><p><span>Sodium chloride ground water occurs near Calistoga and in the vicinity of Oakville and in some places is not suitable for irrigation. Model studies indicate that limited migration of sodium chloride water into intensively pumped parts of the aquifer probably will not be a serious problem.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Napa County Flood Control and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Faye, R.E., 1973, Ground-water hydrology of northern Napa Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-13, Report: vi, 64 p.; 1 Figure: 32.18 x 21.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7313.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 64 p.; 1 Figure: 32.18 x 21.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":377248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0013/figure-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":377247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.66666667,\n              38.33333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              38.33333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              38.61666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.66666667,\n              38.61666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.66666667,\n              38.33333333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faye, Robert E.","contributorId":92221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faye","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48159,"text":"ofr73142 - 1973 - Handbook for Federal Insurance Administration: Flood-insurance studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T07:55:41","indexId":"ofr73142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-142","title":"Handbook for Federal Insurance Administration: Flood-insurance studies","docAbstract":"<p>A flood insurance study, made for the Federal Insurance Administration (FIA) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is an analysis of flood inundation frequency for all flood plains within the corporate limits of the community being studied. The study is an application of surveying, hydrology, and hydraulics to determine flood insurance premium rates. Much of the surveying needed can be done by private firms, either by ground methods or photogrammetry. Contracts are needed to let large surveys but purchase orders can be used for small ones. Photogrammetric stereo models, digital regression models, and step-backwater models are needed for most studies. Damage survey data are not involved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73142","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, E., 1973, Handbook for Federal Insurance Administration: Flood-insurance studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-142, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73142.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":114391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0142/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"tableOfContents":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, E.J.","contributorId":87529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48105,"text":"ofr739 - 1973 - Electrical-analog model study of a hydrologic system in Southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:04","indexId":"ofr739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-9","title":"Electrical-analog model study of a hydrologic system in Southeast Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr739","usgsCitation":"Appel, C.A., 1973, Electrical-analog model study of a hydrologic system in Southeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-9, 57 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr739.","productDescription":"57 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606e1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appel, Charles A.","contributorId":14376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48155,"text":"ofr73134 - 1973 - Hydrology and sediment transport, Moanalua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-19T22:46:21.403504","indexId":"ofr73134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-134","title":"Hydrology and sediment transport, Moanalua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first 2 years of intensive data collection in Moanalua </span><span>Valley have resulted in some observations concerning the rainfall-</span><span>runoff and rainfall-sedimentation characteristics of the basin.</span></p><p><span>This initial study period has been concerned primarily with establishing a reliable hydrologic data-collection network. However, enough data have been collected to determine that rainfall within the valley shows extreme areal variations from one storm to another. An initial run on the U.S. Geological Survey small watershed model indicates some differences in basin characteristics in the two upper subregions. Results of model studies to date are encouraging. Flood routing with the Corps of Engineers' HEC-1 flood hydrograph package seems to be feasible. By preliminary estimates, the 50-year flood at gage 2282 would probably be between 5,500 and 6,000 cubic feet per second. </span></p><p><span>The narrow, steep nature of Moanalua Valley results in very rapid concentration of runoff, with extremely sharp hydrograph peaks. Stream channel width ranges from about 20 feet in the headwaters to 35 feet near the downstream limit of the study area. Mean slope of the main stem is about 0.027 foot/foot.1/ Where not identified, units for slope are ft/ft.</span></p><p><span>Observations indicate that the stream transports very large </span><span>particles (in excess of 2 </span><span>feet </span><span>in diameter) quite frequently. Detached </span><span>fragments from old stone-arch bridges have been marked in the channel </span><span>fill for use as tracers.</span></p><p><span>Only one storm has been analyzed for suspended-sediment discharge, but rough calculations indicate a possible suspended-sediment load of 12,000 tons for a storm similar to the design flow at gage 2282. This compares with a computed bedload discharge of 2,600 tons for the same flow.</span></p><p><span>Accumulation in the debris basin between October 2, 1969 and </span><span>July 26, 1971, as measured by level survey, was 48,000 cubic feet </span><span>or about 2,900 tons. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr73134","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Ewart, C., 1973, Hydrology and sediment transport, Moanalua Valley, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-134, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73134.","productDescription":"124 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.90306091308594,\n              21.362132196021925\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.87919998168942,\n              21.362132196021925\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.87919998168942,\n              21.372363370512762\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.90306091308594,\n              21.372363370512762\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.90306091308594,\n              21.362132196021925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, B.L.","contributorId":6498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":48174,"text":"ofr73193 - 1973 - Puerto Rico water resources planning model program description","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:46","indexId":"ofr73193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-193","title":"Puerto Rico water resources planning model program description","docAbstract":"Because the use of the Mathematical Programming System -Extended (MPSX) to solve large linear and mixed integer programs requires the preparation of many input data cards, a matrix generator program to produce the MPSX input data from a much more limited set of data may expedite the use of the mixed integer programming optimization technique. \r\n\r\nThe Model Definition and Control Program (MODCQP) is intended to assist a planner in preparing MPSX input data for the Puerto Rico Water Resources Planning Model. The model utilizes a mixed-integer mathematical program to identify a minimum present cost set of water resources projects (diversions, reservoirs, ground-water fields, desalinization plants, water treatment plants, and inter-basin transfers of water) which will meet a set of future water demands and to determine their sequence of construction. While MODCOP was specifically written to generate MPSX input data for the planning model described in this report, the program can be easily modified to reflect changes in the model's mathematical structure.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr73193","usgsCitation":"Moody, D., Maddock, T., Karlinger, M., and Lloyd, J., 1973, Puerto Rico water resources planning model program description: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-193, 22 p. ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73193.","productDescription":"22 p. ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0193/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84906,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db65575d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, D.W.","contributorId":54642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas","contributorId":79892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lloyd, J.J.","contributorId":106186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":67142,"text":"i761E - 1973 - Map showing man-modified land and man-made deposits in the Golden quadrangle, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T19:06:29.088591","indexId":"i761E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"761","chapter":"E","title":"Map showing man-modified land and man-made deposits in the Golden quadrangle, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i761E","usgsCitation":"Simpson, H.E., 1973, Map showing man-modified land and man-made deposits in the Golden quadrangle, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 761, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.74 × 27.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i761E.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.74 × 27.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9515.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":256490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0761e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0761e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256488,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0761e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Golden quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.25,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.125,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.125,\n              39.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.25,\n              39.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.25,\n              39.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a499c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, H. E.","contributorId":96702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60682,"text":"mf532 - 1973 - Bottom features and processes related to drifting ice on the Arctic shelf, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T18:43:11.86545","indexId":"mf532","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"532","title":"Bottom features and processes related to drifting ice on the Arctic shelf, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Early investigations of artic shelf regions led to the hypothesis that certain micro-relief forms are related to the action of grounded ice (for example, Rex, 1955). Since the introduction of side-scan sonar as a tool for ocean-floor surveys, a number of workers have described the occurrence of linear bottom features produced by grounded ice. Such features have been found on modern polar shelves (Skinner, 1971; Pelletier and Shearer, 1972; Kovacs, 1972; Reimnitz and Barnes, 1972; Brooks, 1973), and as relict features (Berkson and Clay, 1973; Belderson and Wilson, 1973; Belderson and others, 1973). Studies of core samples, high resolution seismic profiles, and diving observations indicate that the sediments of the Beaufort Sea Shelf are highly distorted by the action of grounding ice, and that the recurrence rate of gouging is very high. It has also become evident that grounding ice is contributing considerably to the sediment transport processes of modern Arctic shelves.</p><p>Sediments from similar environments exposed on the continents today should also contain the record of ice gouging and related processes. Thus it has become apparent that drifting ice is an important agent influencing the sedimentary structures and the sediment transport regime of Arctic shelves today and has been in the past. The diagrams presented here, with supporting evidence in the form of side-scan sonar records, and ice and bottom photos, demonstrate the most prevalent processes and types of bottom features observed on the continental shelf off northern Alaska. As the map shows, most of the shelf is affected by these processes today.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf532","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Barnes, P.W., and Alpha, T.R., 1973, Bottom features and processes related to drifting ice on the Arctic shelf, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 532, 1 Plate: 35.81 x 23.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf532.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.81 x 23.02 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0532/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0532/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155,70 ], [ -155,71.5 ], [ -148,71.5 ], [ -148,70 ], [ -155,70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60290b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":6042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14371,"text":"ofr73135 - 1973 - Salt deposits in Los Medanos area, Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T18:30:50.262379","indexId":"ofr73135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-135","title":"Salt deposits in Los Medanos area, Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The salt deposits of Los Medanos area, in Eddy and Lea Counties, southeastern New Mexico, are being considered for possible use as a receptacle for radioactive wastes in a pilot-plant repository. The salt deposits of the area. are in three evaporite formations: the Castile, Salado, and Rustler Formations, in ascending order. The three formations are dominantly anhydrite and rock salt, but some gypsum, potassium ores, carbonate rock, and fine-grained clastic rocks are present. They have combined thicknesses of slightly more than 4,000 feet, of which roughly one-half belongs to the Salado. Both the Castile and the Rustler are-richer in anhydrite-and poorer in rock salt-than the Salado, and they provide this salt-rich formation with considerable Protection from any fluids which might be present in underlying or overlying rocks.\r\n\r\nThe Salado Formation contains many thick seams of rock salt at moderate depths below the surface. The rock salt has a substantial cover of well-consolidated rocks, and it is very little deformed structurally.\r\n\r\nCertain geological details essential for Waste-storage purposes are unknown or poorly known, and additional study involving drilling is required to identify seams of rock salt suitable for storage purposes and to establish critical details of their chemistry, stratigraphy, and structure.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73135","usgsCitation":"Jones, C., Cooley, M., and Bachman, G.O., 1973, Salt deposits in Los Medanos area, Eddy and Lea Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-135, Report: v, 67 p.; 13 Plates: 17.00 × 29.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73135.","productDescription":"Report: v, 67 p.; 13 Plates: 17.00 × 29.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406704,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8757.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95228,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95227,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95226,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43048,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95224,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95233,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95232,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95231,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95230,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95229,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95225,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95223,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95222,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95221,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0135/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Eddy County, Lea County","otherGeospatial":"Los Medanos area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.929,\n              32.254\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.619,\n              32.254\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.619,\n              32.522\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.929,\n              32.522\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.929,\n              32.254\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, C.L.","contributorId":60218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":7717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bachman, George Odell","contributorId":102497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Odell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1119,"text":"wsp2034 - 1973 - Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2034","title":"Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970","docAbstract":"The cost of municipal and industrial ground water (or, more specifically, large supplies of ground water) at the wellhead in the North Atlantic Region in 1970 generally ranged from 1.5 to 5 cents per thousand gallons. Water from crystalline rocks and shale is relatively expensive. Water from sandstone is less so. Costs of water from sands and gravels in glaciated areas and from Coastal Plain sediments range from moderate to very low. In carbonate rocks costs range from low to fairly high. \r\n\r\nThe cost of ground water at the wellhead is low in areas of productive aquifers, but owing to the cost of connecting pipe, costs increase significantly in multiple-well fields. In the North Atlantic Region, development of small to moderate supplies of ground water may offer favorable cost alternatives to planners, but large supplies of ground water for delivery to one point cannot generally be developed inexpensively. Well fields in the less productive aquifers may be limited by costs to 1 or 2 million gallons a day, but in the more favorable aquifers development of several tens of millions of gallons a day may be practicable and inexpensive. \r\n\r\nCost evaluations presented cannot be applied to any one specific well or specific site because yields of wells in any one place will depend on the local geologic and hydrologic conditions; however, with such cost adjustments as may be necessary, the methodology presented should have wide applicability. Data given show the cost of water at the wellhead based on the average yield of several wells. The cost of water delivered by a well field includes costs of connecting pipe and of wells that have the yields and spacings specified. Cost of transport of water from the well field to point of consumption and possible cost of treatment are not evaluated. \r\n\r\nIn the methodology employed, costs of drilling and testing, pumping equipment, engineering for the well field, amortization at 5% percent interest, maintenance, and cost of power are considered. \r\n\r\nThe report includes an analysis of test drilling costs leading to a production well field. The discussion shows that test drilling is a relatively low cost item and that more than a minimum of test holes in a previously unexplored area is, above all, simple insurance in keeping down costs and may easily result in final lower costs for the system. \r\n\r\nUse of the jet drill for testing is considered short sighted and may result in higher total costs and possibly failure to discover good aquifers. \r\n\r\nEconomic development of ground water supplies will depend on obtaining qualified hydrologic and engineering advice, on carrying out adequate test drilling, and on utilizing high-quality (at times, more costly) material.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2034","usgsCitation":"Cederstrom, D.J., 1973, Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2034, iv, 48 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2034.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrom, Dagfin John","contributorId":90287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrom","given":"Dagfin","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30114,"text":"wri737 - 1973 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in small drainage basins in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:53:15","indexId":"wri737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-7","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in small drainage basins in Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>A method is presented in this report for determining magnitude and frequency of floods on streams with drainage areas between 0.5 and 200 square miles. The method relates basin characteristics, including drainage area, percentage of forest cover, percentage of water area, latitude, and longitude, with peak flow characteristics. </p><p>Regression equations for each of eight regions are presented for determination of QIQ/ the peak discharge, which, on the average, will be exceeded once in 10 years. Peak flows, Q25 and Q 50 , can then be estimated from Q25/Q10 and Q-50/Q-10 ratios developed for each region. Nomographs are included which solve the equations for basins between 1 and 50 square miles. </p><p>The regional regression equations were developed using multiple regression techniques. Annual peaks for 303 sites were analyzed in the study. These included all records on unregulated streams with drainage areas less than about 500 square miles with 10 years or more of record or which could readily be extended to 10 years on the basis of nearby streams. The log-Pearson Type III method as modified and a digital computer were employed to estimate magnitude and frequency of floods for each of the 303 gaged sites. A large number of physical and climatic basin characteristics were determined for each of the gaged sites. The multiple regression method was then applied to determine the equations relating the floodflows and the most significant basin characteristics. For convenience of the users, several equations were simplified and some complex characteristics were deleted at the sacrifice of some increase in the standard error. Standard errors of estimate and many other statistical data were computed in the analysis process and are available in the Boise district office files. The analysis showed that QIQ was the best defined and most practical index flood for determination of the Q25 and 0,50 flood estimates.</p><p>Regression equations are not developed because of poor definition for areas which total about 20,000 square miles, most of which are in southern Idaho. These areas are described in the report to prevent use of regression equations where they do not apply. They include urbanized areas, streams affected by regulation or diversion by works of man, unforested areas, streams with gaining or losing reaches, streams draining alluvial valleys and the Snake Plain, intense thunderstorm areas, and scattered areas where records indicate recurring floods which depart from the regional equations. Maximum flows of record and basin locations are summarized in tables and maps. </p><p>The analysis indicates deficiencies in data exist. To improve knowledge regarding flood characteristics in poorly defined areas, the following data-collection programs are recommended. Gages should be operated on a few selected small streams for an extended period to define floods at long recurrence intervals. Crest-stage gages should be operated in representative basins in urbanized areas, newly developed irrigated areas and grasslands, and in unforested areas. Unusual floods should continue to be measured at miscellaneous sites on regulated streams and in intense thunderstorm-prone areas. The relationship between channel geometry and floodflow characteristics should be investigated as an alternative or supplement to operation of gaging stations. Documentation of historic flood data from newspapers and other sources would improve the basic flood-data base. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri737","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., Harenberg, W., and Anderson, J., 1973, Magnitude and frequency of floods in small drainage basins in Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-7, Report: iv, 61 p.; 3 Plates: 22.54 x 31.64 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri737.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 61 p.; 3 Plates: 22.54 x 31.64 inches or 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,{"id":28181,"text":"wri734 - 1973 - Data requirements for modeling a ground-water system in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T09:49:57","indexId":"wri734","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-4","title":"Data requirements for modeling a ground-water system in an arid region","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri734","usgsCitation":"Kunkel, F., 1973, Data requirements for modeling a ground-water system in an arid region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-4, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri734.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunkel, Fred","contributorId":47766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26660,"text":"wri7354 - 1973 - Stratigraphy of an archeological site, Ocmulgee flood plain, Macon, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:27:08","indexId":"wri7354","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-54","title":"Stratigraphy of an archeological site, Ocmulgee flood plain, Macon, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>Archeological excavations on the Ocmulgee River flood plain at Ocmulgee National Monument revealed eight sedimentary units of Holocene age. Types of deposits found are natural levee, oberbank deposit, and a probable point bar. Since the 18th century, locally more than 10 feet of sediment has been deposited. These modern sediments are similar to those on other flood plains in the southeastern United States and probably resulted from erosion that began when extensive areas were laid bare for farming. They are red to reddish brown in contrast to underlying sediment, which is various shades of gray, brown, and yellow. Earliest traces of man are \"spinner-type\" projectiles in the lower sand member (Qls). Marrow mountain-type points are found in mottled silty sandy clay (Qmssc). Triangular stemmed Savannah River points were found throughout the intermediate sand (Qis). Fiber tempered pottery shards and steatite bowls were found in upper one half of the intermediate sand member (Qis).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7354","usgsCitation":"Cosner, O.J., 1973, Stratigraphy of an archeological site, Ocmulgee flood plain, Macon, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-54, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7354.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359009,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0054/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Ocmulgee Flood Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.6337661743164,\n              32.82161450042075\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.57909202575684,\n              32.82161450042075\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.57909202575684,\n              32.855652799756534\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6337661743164,\n              32.855652799756534\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6337661743164,\n              32.82161450042075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosner, Oliver J.","contributorId":38533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49254,"text":"ofr72272 - 1972 - Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr72272","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic maps of the Minneapolis-St. Paul artesian basin, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48177,"text":"ofr73203 - 1973 - Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr73203","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:38:07","indexId":"ofr73203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-203","title":"Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The water resources were studied within an area whose natural ground-water flow is largely towards the center of the metropolitan area. This area coincides with the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone aquifer. Thus, the general geohydrology of the area bounded by the extent of the Hinckley Sandstone (about 6,000 square miles) as it relates to the hydrology of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area is described. Greater emphasis is placed on the area underlain by the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer (about 2,000 square miles), from which approximately 75 percent of the ground-water for the metropolitan area is pumped.</p>\n<p>The study indicates that the surface-water resources of the Twin Cities metropolitan area are used to such an extent that a supply adequate for domestic and industrial needs as well as power plant and sanitary effluent assimilation will not be available during severe drought.</p>\n<p>Ground-water is obtained primarily from two aquifer systems: The Prairie du Chien-Jordan and the Mount Simon-Hinckley. In 1970, these aquifers supplied about 90 percent (175 mgd) of the ground-water used in the metropolitan part of the study area. The probable level of development that can be sustained by these two aquifers in the metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,100 mgd; thus, substantial additional ground-water supplies could be developed. However, considerable management and planning would be needed to sustain this level of development.</p>\n<p>Maps in this report can be used to select general well-field locations based on consideration of 1) aquifer, 2) depth needed for completion, 3) head availability, 4) location of natural recharge and discharge boundaries, and 5) distance from areas where over-development of ground-water resources is imminent. Because of complexities in the ground-water system, yield estimates, boundary effects, and effects of aquifer interaction may best be determined in a study incorporating the use of a hydrologic model.</p>\n<p>Future detailed studies might include elaboration on some of the topics described in this report and the acquisition and interpretation of new data. Major items on which future work might focus are 1) data collection, 2) geohydrologic mapping, 3) hydraulic characteristics of subsurface geohydrologic units, 4) hydrology of lakes, and 5) hydrologic systems modeling</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr73203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R., Ross, T., and Brietkrietz, A., 1973, Water resources outlook for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-203, x, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73203.","productDescription":"x, 219 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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R.F.","contributorId":107742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, T.G.","contributorId":34987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brietkrietz, Alex","contributorId":34111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brietkrietz","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48189,"text":"ofr73237 - 1973 - Comments on the use of numerical model by Kerr-McGee Corporation in appraising effects of subsurface liquid waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T17:40:47.892257","indexId":"ofr73237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-237","title":"Comments on the use of numerical model by Kerr-McGee Corporation in appraising effects of subsurface liquid waste disposal","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr73237","usgsCitation":"Robertson, J., 1973, Comments on the use of numerical model by Kerr-McGee Corporation in appraising effects of subsurface liquid waste disposal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-237, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73237.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":374695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, J.B.","contributorId":85173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48230,"text":"ofr741031 - 1973 - A conceptual model of the hydrologic system supplying the large springs in the Ozarks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"ofr741031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1031","title":"A conceptual model of the hydrologic system supplying the large springs in the Ozarks","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr741031","usgsCitation":"Feder, G.L., 1973, A conceptual model of the hydrologic system supplying the large springs in the Ozarks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1031, [2], v, [2], 148 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741031.","productDescription":"[2], v, [2], 148 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6afb7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feder, Gerald Leon","contributorId":71242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"Leon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48158,"text":"ofr73139 - 1973 - A plan for study of water resources in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: with special emphasis on the stream-aquifer relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:40:55","indexId":"ofr73139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-139","title":"A plan for study of water resources in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: with special emphasis on the stream-aquifer relations","docAbstract":"<p>A \"Level B\" study is being made of the Platte River basin in Nebraska. The basin (approximately 40,800 square miles) extends the full length of the State, a distance of nearly 470 miles. The study is a Federal and State interagency effort to formulate a comprehensive plan for the conservation, development, and management of the water and related land resources of the Platte River basin. The technical information for the study will be provided by 14 task forces. This report describes the work of the Level B Stream-Aquifer Hydrology Task Force (Task Force 13). The U.S. Geological Survey is the lead agency for this task force. </p><p>Task Force 13 will provide the agencies participating in the Level B study with a quantitative description of the operation of the hydrologic system with emphasis on the relation of ground water to surface water. A digital model will be developed to simulate the physical character and operation of the stream-aquifer system. After the model has been calibrated with field data, it will be used to evaluate the effect of proposed projects. Some of the uses of the model are evaluation of effects of proposed conjunctive use projects, effects of changes in water use, and study of future water problems such as water-logged areas, groundwater mining, and streamflow depletion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr73139","usgsCitation":"Keech, C., Moore, J., and Emery, P.A., 1973, A plan for study of water resources in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: with special emphasis on the stream-aquifer relations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-139, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73139.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keech, C.F.","contributorId":67941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keech","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23312,"text":"ofr73102 - 1973 - Predicted effects of proposed navigation improvements on residence time and dissolved oxygen of the salt wedge in the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr73102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-102","title":"Predicted effects of proposed navigation improvements on residence time and dissolved oxygen of the salt wedge in the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"A model of the circulation and quality of water in the Duwamish River estuary has been sufficiently developed to allow prediction of the effects of a proposed widening and deepening of waterways on residence time and dissolved oxygen in the estuary's salt wedge. For a low river-discharge period in August 1970, use of the model yielded an estimated residence time of wedge water to be 6.3 days in the present waterways estuary and 8.6 days in the wider and deeper proposed-waterways estuary--a 37-percent increase. June-September 1970 and for the estuary about 4 miles upstream from its mouth, the model estimates indicate that dissolved-oxygen values in the wedge of the proposed-waterways estuary would be as much as 1.4 milligrams per liter lower and would average 0.4 milligram per liter lower than (average difference significant at 95-percent confidence level) dissolved-oxygen values in the wedge of the present-waterways estuary. \r\n\r\nExtrapolation to low dissolved-oxygen values of a regression between the predicted dissolved oxygen for both the proposed and present-waterways estuaries suggests that 4 miles upstream of the estuary mouth oxygen would be completely depleted from the proposed-waterways estuary wedge whereas there still would be 0.2 milligram of oxygen per liter of water in the wedge of the present-waterways estuary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr73102","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Haushild, W., and Stoner, J., 1973, Predicted effects of proposed navigation improvements on residence time and dissolved oxygen of the salt wedge in the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-102, 13 p. :ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr73102.","productDescription":"13 p. :ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52612,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1973/0102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fde2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haushild, W.L.","contributorId":48953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haushild","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2861,"text":"wsp1974 - 1973 - Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56068,"text":"ofr70352 - 1970 - Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","indexId":"ofr70352","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2861,"text":"wsp1974 - 1973 - Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","indexId":"wsp1974","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1974","title":"Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","docAbstract":"The Ramapo River, a major stream in the Passaic River basin, drains an area of 161 square miles, 70 percent of which is in Orange and Rockland Counties, N.Y., and 30 percent is in Bergen and Passaic Counties, N.J. This report describes the hydrology of the New Jersey part of the basin and evaluates the feasibility of developing large ground-water supplies from the stratified drift in the Ramapo River valley by inducing recharge to the aquifer from the river. The ground water and surface water of the basin are considered as a single resource because the development of either ground water or surface water affects the availability of the other. \r\n\r\nPrecambrian gneiss, sparsely mantled with Pleistocene glacial drift, underlies the basin west of the Ramapo River in New Jersey. To the east, bedrock consists of the Watchung Basalt and of shale, sandstone, and conglomerate of the Brunswick Formation of Triassic age. Glacial drift occurs nearly everywhere in the eastern part of the basin, and deposits of stratified drift more than 100 feet thick occur in the Ramapo valley. Average annual runoff at Pompton Lakes accounts for 25 inches of the 45 inches of annual precipitation in the New Jersey part of the basin, and the remaining 20 inches is accounted for by evapotranspiration. Streamflow is highly variable--particularly in the area underlain by gneissic rocks-because of the low storage capacity of the rocks and the rough topography. \r\n\r\nMany of the small tributaries go dry during extended periods of no precipitation. Small domestic supplies of ground water can be obtained nearly everywhere, but the Brunswick Formation is the only consolidated-rock aquifer in the basin that can be depended upon to yield 100-200 gallons per minute to wells. Supplies of more than 1,000 gallons per minute are available from wells tapping the stratified drift in the Ramapo valley. The drift supplies 75 percent of the ground water pumped for public supply in the basin. Sustained ground-water yield in upland areas, based on stream base-flow recession, is estimated to be 200,000-300,000 gallons per day per square mile for the drift-covered Brunswick Formation and about 100,000-200,000 gallons per day per square mile for the gneiss and basalt. Potential sustained yield of the stratified drift in the valley depends on the availability of the streamflow and on the induced rate of infiltration. \r\n\r\nPumping from the stratified drift results in a reduction in streamflow, which may be undesirable, mainly because of prior downstream water rights. On the basis of the storage available in the stratified drift and an analysis of daily flow during the drought period of October 1964 to September 1967 at Pompton Lakes, 20-25 million gallons per day of Ramapo River water are available for development after existing downstream water requirements are supplied. However, some low-flow augmentation will be. necessary to insure downstream rights. Rates of infiltration computed from seepage losses observed near Mahwah indicate that at least 11 million gallons per day, on an average basis, can be infiltrated from the river by the pumping of wells tapping the stratified drift. The use of recharge pits and spreading areas would increase the rate of infiltration. Losses from the Ramapo River could be minimized by returning treated sewage effluent directly to the river or, preferably, by recharging the stratified-drift aquifer with the treated effluent. \r\n\r\nGround-water quality and surface-water quality at times of low-flow vary according to the type of rock from which the water is obtained. Water from the gneiss is low in dissolved solids--less than 127 mg/l (milligrams per liter)--and soft to moderately hard--less than 94 rag/l. Water from the Brunswick Formation is more mineralized--total dissolved-solids content is as much as 278 mg/1 and hardness as much as 188 mg/1. Water from the stratified drift is generally intermediate in quality--that is, total dissolved-solids content is as ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1974","usgsCitation":"Vecchioli, J., and Miller, E., 1973, Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1974, vi, 77 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1974.","productDescription":"vi, 77 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29456,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29457,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29458,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29459,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29460,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E.G.","contributorId":44132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}