Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Current and future distributions of American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), American Coot (Fulica americana), Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and Sora (Porzana carolina), five waterbird species common in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs) in combination with climate data that projected a drier future for the PPR. Regional-scale SDMs were created for the U.S. PPR using breeding bird survey occurrence records for 1971-2000 and wetland and climate parameters. For each waterbird species, current distribution and four potential future distributions were predicted: all combinations of two Global Circulation Models and two emissions scenarios. Averaged for all five species, the ensemble range reduction was 64%. However, projected range losses for individual species varied widely with Sora and Black Tern projected to lose close to 100% and American Bittern 29% of their current range. Future distributions were also projected to a hypothetical landscape where wetlands were numerous and constant to highlight areas suitable as conservation reserves under a drier future climate. The ensemble model indicated that northeastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota would be the best areas for conservation reserves within the U.S. PPR under the modeled conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0204","usgsCitation":"Steen, V., and Powell, A., 2012, Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 2, p. 217-229, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0204.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031024","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota;Minnesota;Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 104.07,41.41 ], [ 104.07,49.03 ], [ 92.96,49.03 ], [ 92.96,41.41 ], [ 104.07,41.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee068e4b022001d87bb92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Valerie vsteen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Valerie","email":"vsteen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040352,"text":"70040352 - 2012 - A preliminary study of effects of feral pig density on native Hawaiian montane rainforest vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T13:35:53","indexId":"70040352","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2985,"text":"Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary study of effects of feral pig density on native Hawaiian montane rainforest vegetation","docAbstract":"This study aimed to examine the effects of different levels of pig density on native Hawaiian forest vegetation. Pig sign was measured across four pig management units in the 'Öla'a Forest from 1998 through 2004 and pig density estimated based upon pig activity. Six paired vegetation monitoring plots were established in the units, each pair straddling a pig fence. Percent cover and species richness of understory vegetation, ground cover, alien species, and preferred pig forage plants were measured in 1997 and 2003 and compared with pig density estimates. Rainfall and hunting effort and success by management personnel were also tracked over the study period. Vegetation monitoring found a higher percentage of native plants in pig-free or low-pig areas compared to those with medium or high pig densities, with no significant change in the percent native plant species between the first and second monitoring periods. Differences between plots were strongly affected by location, with a higher percentage of native plants in western plots, where pig damage has historically been lower. Expansion of this survey with more plots would help improve the statistical power to detect differences in vegetation caused by pigs. Because of the limited vegetation sampling in this study, the results must be viewed as descriptive. We compare the vegetation within 30 x 30 m plots across three thresholds of historical pig density and show how pig densities can change in unanticipated directions within management units. While these results cannot be extrapolated to area-wide effects of pig activity, these data do contribute to a growing body of information on the impacts of feral pigs on Hawaiian plant communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Scheffler, P., Pratt, L., Foote, D., and Magnacca, K., 2012, A preliminary study of effects of feral pig density on native Hawaiian montane rainforest vegetation: Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report, no. 182, p. 1-43.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://manoa.hawaii.edu/hpicesu/techr/182/v182.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","issue":"182","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf80e4b022001d87bb2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scheffler, Pamela Y.","contributorId":80557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheffler","given":"Pamela Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Linda","contributorId":38027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foote, David dfoote@usgs.gov","contributorId":375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"David","email":"dfoote@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magnacca, Karl","contributorId":27329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magnacca","given":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040346,"text":"sir20125221 - 2012 - Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125221","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5221","title":"Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Disturbance is an important natural process in the creation and maintenance of wetlands. Water depth manipulation and prescribed fire are two types of disturbance commonly used by humans to influence vegetation succession and composition in wetlands with the intention of improving wildlife habitat value. A 6,475-hectare (ha) impoundment was constructed in 1943 on Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Louisiana to create freshwater wetlands as wintering waterfowl habitat. Ten years after construction of the impoundment, called Lacassine pool, was completed, refuge staff began expressing concerns about increasing emergent vegetation cover, organic matter accumulation, and decreasing area of open water within the pool. Because the presence of permanent standing water impedes actions that can address these concerns, a small impoundment within the pool where it was possible to manipulate water depth was created. The 283-ha subimpoundment called Unit D was constructed in 1989. Water was pumped from Unit D in 1990, and the unit was permanently reflooded about 3 years later. Four prescribed fires were applied during the drawdown. A study was initiated in 1990 to investigate the effect of the experimental drawdown on vegetation and soils in Unit D. Four plant community types were described, and cores were collected to measure the depth of the soil organic layer. A second study of Unit D was conducted in 1997, 4 years after the unit was reflooded, by using the same plots and similar sampling methods. This report presents an analysis and synthesis of the data from the two studies and provides an evaluation of the impact of the management techniques applied. We found that plant community characteristics often differed among the four communities and varied with time. Species richness increased in two of the communities, and total aboveground biomass increased in all four during the drawdown. These changes, however, did not persist when Unit D was reflooded; by 1997, species richness and aboveground biomass were equivalent to values before the drawdown. The change in waterfowl food value of the plant communities during the drawdown varied; it did not change in two communities, increased in one, and decreased in one. A consistent pattern noted was that waterfowl food value was higher in communities that contained open water than in those dominated by emergent plants, both soon after the drawdown was initiated in Unit D and 4 years after reflooding. A reduction in depth of the soil organic layer became apparent 20 months after drawdown was initiated, and this reduction persisted in 1997, 4 years after reflooding. A separate 2003 study on soil characteristics in Lacassine pool found that the depth to the clay layer was lower in Unit D than in the rest of the pool. We were not able to establish a cause-and-effect relation between any changes noted and the fact water levels in the unit were drawn down because the initial study in 1990 did not include control plots. Changes in vegetation and soil organic layer depth identified in Unit D may have occurred in the surrounding Lacassine pool habitat as well. Similarly, we were unable to form any conclusions about the effect of the prescribed fire treatments because there was no information on which plots were burned. Because of the known relation between anaerobic soil conditions and reduced decomposition of organic matter, however, it is likely that the drawdown in Unit D resulted in an increased decomposition rate and a reduction in the depth of the soil organic layer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Allain, L., 2012, Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5221, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125221.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5221.gif"},{"id":262624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5221/sir2012-5221.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.963118,29.912844 ], [ -92.963118,30.038665 ], [ -92.780442,30.038665 ], [ -92.780442,29.912844 ], [ -92.963118,29.912844 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee011e4b022001d87bb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allain, Larry 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":63108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040386,"text":"70040386 - 2012 - A review of the key genetic tools to assist imperiled species conservation: analyzing West Indian manatee populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040386","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2376,"text":"Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the key genetic tools to assist imperiled species conservation: analyzing West Indian manatee populations","docAbstract":"Managers faced with decisions on threatened and endangered wildlife populations often are lacking detailed information about the species of concern. Integration of genetic applications will provide management teams with a better ability to assess and monitor recovery efforts on imperiled species. The field of molecular biology continues to progress rapidly and many tools are currently available. Presently, little guidance is available to assist researchers and managers with the appropriate selection of genetic tools to study the status of wild manatee populations. We discuss several genetic tools currently employed in the application of conservation genetics, and address the utility of using these tools to determine population status to aid in conservation efforts. As an example, special emphasis is focused on the endangered West Indian manatee (Order Sirenia). All four extant species of sirenians are imperiled throughout their range, predominately due to anthropogenic sources; therefore, the need for genetic information on their population status is direly needed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oceanographic Environmental Research Society","publisherLocation":"Barrie, Canada","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R.K., McGuire, P.M., and Hunter, M., 2012, A review of the key genetic tools to assist imperiled species conservation: analyzing West Indian manatee populations: Journal of Marine Animals and Their Ecology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 8-19.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262623,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.oers.ca/journal/volume5/issue1/Bondegenetics_Galley.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf88e4b022001d87bb31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Peter M.","contributorId":45816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040345,"text":"70040345 - 2012 - A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040345","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys","docAbstract":"1. Occupancy estimation is a commonly used tool in ecological studies owing to the ease at which data can be collected and the large spatial extent that can be covered. One major obstacle to using an occupancy-based approach is the complications associated with designing and implementing an efficient survey. These logistical challenges become magnified when working with rare species when effort can be wasted in areas with none or very few individuals. 2. Here, we develop a two-phase sampling approach that mitigates these problems by using a design that places more effort in areas with higher predicted probability of occurrence. We compare our new sampling design to traditional single-season occupancy estimation under a range of conditions and population characteristics. We develop an intuitive measure of predictive error to compare the two approaches and use simulations to assess the relative accuracy of each approach. 3. Our two-phase approach exhibited lower predictive error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach in highly spatially correlated environments. The difference was greatest when detection probability was high (0·75) regardless of the habitat or sample size. When the true occupancy rate was below 0·4 (0·05-0·4), we found that allocating 25% of the sample to the first phase resulted in the lowest error rates. 4. In the majority of scenarios, the two-phase approach showed lower error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach suggesting our new approach is fairly robust to a broad range of conditions and design factors and merits use under a wide variety of settings. 5. Synthesis and applications. Conservation and management of rare species are a challenging task facing natural resource managers. It is critical for studies involving rare species to efficiently allocate effort and resources as they are usually of a finite nature. We believe our approach provides a framework for optimal allocation of effort while maximizing the information content of the data in an attempt to provide the highest conservation value per unit of effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x","usgsCitation":"Pacifici, K., Dorazio, R.M., and Dorazio, M.J., 2012, A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 4, p. 721-730, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"730","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474315,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00201.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf98e4b022001d87bb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pacifici, Krishna","contributorId":26564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pacifici","given":"Krishna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Michael J.","contributorId":73052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040377,"text":"ofr20121223 - 2012 - Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121223","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1223","title":"Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008","docAbstract":"With some of the best remaining examples of oak habitats in the Willamette Valley, the Willamette Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex (WVNWRC) has been implementing restoration efforts to reverse the successional trend towards Douglas-fir and maple that is threatening existing oak woodlands. The restoration work has been considered a model for other public and private efforts within the Willamette Valley, and has been showcased through the Oregon Oak Communities Working Group (http://www.oregonoaks.org). Although many oak restoration projects have been initiated over the last several years, and grant recipients typically identify wildlife species that are likely to benefit from their project, measures of success have not included the actual response of wildlife, such as a change in the probability of species occurrence or abundance. Monitoring in the WVNWRC has so far been limited to vegetative and structural changes within the plant community. Hagar and Stern (2001) identified bird species occurring in Willamette Valley oak woodlands that might be expected to benefit from such restoration efforts, including an endemic subspecies of the White-breasted Nuthatch (see Appendix 1 for scientific names of bird and plant species listed in this document), and the Acorn Woodpecker, both of which are species of concern in Oregon. However, empirical data documenting responses of bird assemblages to restoration actions are needed. The goal of this study was to document the effects of a restoration project in an Oregon White Oak woodland on Pigeon Butte in the W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge. Restoration treatments on Pigeon Butte include the removal of shade-tolerant tree species (primarily big-leaf maple and Douglas-fir) to reduce competition with oak trees and to return the stand to a more open structure. The objectives of this ongoing study are to compare abundance, survival, and productivity of diurnal songbird species before and after application of these restoration treatments. Monitoring these vital rates will provide crucial information about the effects of management on survival and productivity (DeSante and Rosenberg, 1998). Therefore, a constant-effort mist-netting project was continued in 2007 and 2008 that had previously collected songbird demographic data at Pigeon Butte from 1998 to 2002. Point-count surveys were conducted in the woodland to build on historical data available for the site (Anderson, 1970; Hagar and Stern, 2001). The data reported here represent 5 years of point count surveys and 6 years of banding before restoration treatment, but only one post-treatment sampling season. Continued monitoring of the bird population is recommended to determine both short-term effects and long-term trends following the habitat alterations that result from restoration treatment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121223","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J., 2012, Summary of bird-survey and banding results at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1223, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121223.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1223.jpg"},{"id":262607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1223/pdf/ofr20121223.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.365552,44.389287 ], [ -123.365552,44.435627 ], [ -123.278498,44.435627 ], [ -123.278498,44.389287 ], [ -123.365552,44.389287 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee084e4b022001d87bb9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040315,"text":"70040315 - 2012 - American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040315","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis","docAbstract":"Stomach contents analysis (SCA) provides a snap-shot observation of a consumer's diet. Interpretation of SCA data can be complicated by many factors, including variation in gastric residence times and digestion rates among prey taxa. Although some SCA methods are reported to efficiently remove all stomach contents, the effectiveness of these techniques has rarely been tested for large irregular shaped prey with hard exoskeletons. We used a controlled feeding trial to estimate gastric residency time and decomposition rate of a large crustacean prey item, the Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus), which is consumed by American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), an abundant apex predator in coastal habitats of the southeastern United States. The decomposition rate of C. sapidus in the stomachs of A. mississippiensis followed a predictable pattern, and some crab pieces remained in stomachs for at least 14 days. We also found that certain portions of C. sapidus were prone to becoming caught within the stomach or esophagus, meaning not all crab parts are consistently recovered using gastric lavage techniques. However, because the state of decomposition of crabs was predictable, it is possible to estimate time since consumption for crabs recovered from wild alligators. This information, coupled with a detailed understanding of crab distributions and alligator movement tactics could help elucidate patterns of cross-ecosystem foraging by the American Alligator in coastal habitats","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/CE-11-177","usgsCitation":"Nifong, J., Rosenblatt, A.E., Johnson, N.A., Barichivich, W., Silliman, B., and Heithaus, M.R., 2012, American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis: Copeia, v. 2012, no. 3, p. 419-423, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-177.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"423","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-177"}],"country":"United States","volume":"2012","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfa2e4b022001d87bb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nifong, James C.","contributorId":23377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nifong","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenblatt, Adam E.","contributorId":84206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblatt","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barichivich, William 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":21405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silliman, Brian","contributorId":11051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heithaus, Michael R.","contributorId":42828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heithaus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040314,"text":"70040314 - 2012 - Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"Ecotones represent locations where vegetation change is likely to occur as a result of climate and other environmental changes. Using a model of an ecotone vulnerable to such future changes, we estimated the resilience of the ecotone to disturbances. The specific ecotone is that between two different vegetation types, salinity-tolerant and salinity-intolerant, along a gradient in groundwater salinity. In the case studied, each vegetation type, through soil feedback loops, promoted local soil salinity levels that favor itself in competition with the other type. Bifurcation analysis was used to study the system of equations for the two vegetation types and soil salinity. Alternative stable equilibria, one for salinity-tolerant and one for salinity intolerant vegetation, were shown to exist over a region of the groundwater salinity gradient, bounded by two bifurcation points. This region was shown to depend sensitively on parameters such as the rate of upward infiltration of salinity from groundwater into the soil due to evaporation. We showed also that increasing diffusion rates of vegetation can lead to shrinkage of the range between the two bifurcation points. Sharp ecotones are typical of salt-tolerant vegetation (mangroves) near the coastline and salt-intolerant vegetation inland, even though the underlying elevation and groundwater salinity change very gradually. A disturbance such as an input of salinity to the soil from a storm surge could upset this stable boundary, leading to a regime shift of salinity-tolerant vegetation inland. We showed, however, that, for our model as least, a simple pulse disturbance would not be sufficient; the salinity would have to be held at a high level, as a 'press', for some time. The approach used here should be generalizable to study the resilience of a variety of ecotones to disturbances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., Gao, D., and DeAngelis, D., 2012, Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 29-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee099e4b022001d87bba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gao, Daozhou","contributorId":31637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Daozhou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040371,"text":"70040371 - 2012 - Urban habitat fragmentation and genetic population structure of bobcats in coastal southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T15:47:20.810443","indexId":"70040371","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban habitat fragmentation and genetic population structure of bobcats in coastal southern California","docAbstract":"Although habitat fragmentation is recognized as a primary threat to biodiversity, the effects of urban development on genetic population structure vary among species and landscapes and are not yet well understood. Here we use non-invasive genetic sampling to compare the effects of fragmentation by major roads and urban development on levels of dispersal, genetic diversity, and relatedness between paired bobcat populations in replicate landscapes in coastal southern California. We hypothesized that bobcat populations in sites surrounded by urbanization would experience reduced functional connectivity relative to less isolated nearby populations. Our results show that, bobcat genetic population structure is affected by roads and development but not always as predicted by the degree that these landscape features surround fragments. Instead, we suggest that urban development may affect functional connectivity between bobcat populations more by limiting the number and genetic diversity of source populations of migrants than by creating impermeable barriers to dispersal.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.265","usgsCitation":"Ruell, E., Riley, S., Douglas, M., Antolin, M., Pollinger, J., Tracey, J., Lyren, L., Boydston, E., Fisher, R., and Crooks, K., 2012, Urban habitat fragmentation and genetic population structure of bobcats in coastal southern California: American Midland Naturalist, v. 168, no. 2, p. 265-280, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.265.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","county":"Orange","otherGeospatial":"Santa Monica Mountains;Simi Hills;Topanga","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 119.1046,33.4865 ], [ 119.1046,34.425 ], [ 117.5095,34.425 ], [ 117.5095,33.4865 ], [ 119.1046,33.4865 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"168","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee0a1e4b022001d87bbaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruell, E.W.","contributorId":94175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruell","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riley, S.P.D.","contributorId":86157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, M.R.","contributorId":76548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Antolin, M.F.","contributorId":101450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolin","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollinger, J.R.","contributorId":75826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollinger","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tracey, J.A.","contributorId":75397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracey","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyren, L.M.","contributorId":11983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boydston, E. E.","contributorId":106045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boydston","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crooks, K.R.","contributorId":81679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crooks","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70040373,"text":"ds721 - 2012 - Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"ds721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"721","title":"Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10","docAbstract":"To evaluate the potential effect from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to high-elevation lakes, the U.S. Geological Survey partnered with the National Park Service to develop a \"critical load\" of nitrogen for sediment diatoms. A critical load is defined as the level of a given pollutant (in this case, nitrogen) at which detrimental effects to a target endpoint (sediment diatoms) result. Because sediment diatoms are considered one of the \"first responders\" to ecosystem changes from nitrogen, they are a sensitive indicator for nitrogen deposition changes in natural areas. This report presents atmospheric deposition, water quality, sediment geochronology, and sediment diatom data collected from July 2008 through August 2010 in support of this effort.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds721","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Foreman, J.R., Moran, P.W., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2012, Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 721, Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 10-19, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds721.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 10-19","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_721.bmp"},{"id":262604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262605,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/pdf/ds721.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/ds721_tables10-19.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains;Mount Rainer;Olympic National Parks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800000,46.333333 ], [ -124.800000,49.000000 ], [ -120.500000,49.000000 ], [ -120.500000,46.333333 ], [ -124.800000,46.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfbde4b022001d87bb49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040376,"text":"sim3224 - 2012 - Surficial Geologic Map of Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sim3224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3224","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mesa Verde National Park in southwestern Colorado was established in 1906 to preserve and protect the artifacts and dwelling sites, including the famous cliff dwellings, of the Ancestral Puebloan people who lived in the area from about A.D. 550 to A.D. 1300. In 1978, the United Nations designated the park as a World Heritage Site. The geology of the park played a key role in the lives of these ancient people. For example, the numerous (approximately 600) cliff dwellings are closely associated with the Cliff House Sandstone of Late Cretaceous age, which weathers to form deep alcoves. In addition, the ancient people farmed the thick, red loess (wind-blown dust) deposits on the mesa tops, which because of its particle size distribution has good moisture retention properties. The soil in this loess cover and the seasonal rains allowed these people to grow their crops (corn, beans, and squash) on the broad mesa tops. Today, geology is still an important concern in the Mesa Verde area because the landscape is susceptible to various forms of mass movement (landslides, debris flows, rockfalls), swelling soils, and flash floods that affect the park's archeological sites and its infrastructure (roads, septic systems, utilities, and building sites). The map, which encompasses an area of about 100 mi2 (260 km2), includes all of Mesa Verde National Park, a small part of the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation that borders the park on its southern and western sides, and some Bureau of Land Management and privately owned land to the north and east. Surficial deposits depicted on the map include: artificial fills, alluvium of small ephemeral streams, alluvium deposited by the Mancos River, residual gravel on high mesas, a combination of alluvial and colluvial deposits, fan deposits, colluvial deposits derived from the Menefee Formation, colluvial deposits derived from the Mancos Shale, rockfall deposits, debris flow deposits, earthflow deposits, translational and rotational landslide deposits, rock rubble deposits, and loess. Bedrock units depicted on the map include the Cliff House Sandstone, Menefee Formation, Point Lookout Sandstone, and Mancos Shale all of Late Cretaceous age. In addition, minette dikes, of Oligocene age, found at several locations in the park are depicted on the map. Descriptions, including associated hazards and resources as used by the Ancestral Puebloans, are given for all map units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 2012, Surficial Geologic Map of Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3224, Pamphlet: iv, 22 p.; Map: 50.00 x 42.51 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3224.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 22 p.; Map: 50.00 x 42.51 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3224.gif"},{"id":262614,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/downloads/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262615,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/SIM3224_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262618,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/SIM3224_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montezuma","otherGeospatial":"Mesa Verde National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.554606,37.156361 ], [ -108.554606,37.350476 ], [ -108.339678,37.350476 ], [ -108.339678,37.156361 ], [ -108.554606,37.156361 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee08ee4b022001d87bba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040372,"text":"sir20125203 - 2012 - Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5203","title":"Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach","docAbstract":"Crop agriculture occupies 13 percent of the conterminous United States. Agricultural management practices, such as crop and tillage types, affect the hydrologic flow paths through the landscape. Some agricultural practices, such as drainage and irrigation, create entirely new hydrologic flow paths upon the landscapes where they are implemented. These hydrologic changes can affect the magnitude and partitioning of water budgets and sediment erosion. Given the wide degree of variability amongst agricultural settings, changes in the magnitudes of hydrologic flow paths and sediment erosion induced by agricultural management practices commonly are difficult to characterize, quantify, and compare using only field observations. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was used to simulate two landscape characteristics (slope and soil texture) and three agricultural management practices (land cover/crop type, tillage type, and selected agricultural land management practices) to evaluate their effects on the water budgets of and sediment yield from agricultural lands. An array of sixty-eight 60-year simulations were run, each representing a distinct natural or agricultural scenario with various slopes, soil textures, crop or land cover types, tillage types, and select agricultural management practices on an isolated 16.2-hectare field. Simulations were made to represent two common agricultural climate regimes: arid with sprinkler irrigation and humid. These climate regimes were constructed with actual climate and irrigation data. The results of these simulations demonstrate the magnitudes of potential changes in water budgets and sediment yields from lands as a result of landscape characteristics and agricultural practices adopted on them. These simulations showed that variations in landscape characteristics, such as slope and soil type, had appreciable effects on water budgets and sediment yields. As slopes increased, sediment yields increased in both the arid and humid environments. However, runoff did not increase with slope in the arid environment as was observed in the humid environment. In both environments, clayey soils exhibited the greatest amount of runoff and sediment yields while sandy soils had greater recharge and lessor runoff and sediment yield. Scenarios simulating the effects of the timing and type of tillage practice showed that no-till, conservation, and contouring tillages reduced sediment yields and, with the exception of no-till, runoff in both environments. Changes in land cover and crop type simulated the changes between the evapotransporative potential and surface roughness imparted by specific vegetations. Substantial differences in water budgets and sediment yields were observed between most agricultural crops and the natural covers selected for each environment: scrub and prairie grass for the arid environment and forest and prairie grass for the humid environment. Finally, a group of simulations was performed to model selected agricultural management practices. Among the selected practices subsurface drainage and strip cropping exhibited the largest shifts in water budgets and sediment yields. The practice of crop rotation (corn/soybean) and cover cropping (corn/rye) were predicted to increase sediment yields from a field planted as conventional corn.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125203","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Roth, J.L., and Capel, P.D., 2012, Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5203, Report: viii, 42 p.; Appendixes: 2-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125203.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 42 p.; Appendixes: 2-4","numberOfPages":"54","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":453,"text":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5203.bmp"},{"id":262602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262603,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5203/pdf/sir20125203.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800000,24.500000 ], [ -124.800000,49.383333 ], [ -66.950000,49.383333 ], [ -66.950000,24.500000 ], [ -124.800000,24.500000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfd9e4b022001d87bb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roth, Jason L. 0000-0001-5440-2775 jroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-2775","contributorId":4789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Jason","email":"jroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041980,"text":"70041980 - 2012 - Lake trout status in the main basin of Lake Huron, 1973-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T09:49:08","indexId":"70041980","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake trout status in the main basin of Lake Huron, 1973-2010","docAbstract":"We developed indices of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush status in the main basin of Lake Huron (1973-2010) to understand increases in the relative abundance of wild year-classes during 1995-2010. Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus wounds per 100 lake trout declined from 23.63 in 2000 to 5.86-10.64 in 2002-2010. The average age-7 lake trout catch per effort per recruitment (CPE/R; fish•305mof gill net-1•million stocked yearlings-1) increased from 0.56 for the 1973-1990 year-classes to 0.92 for the 1991-2001 year-classes. Total CPE (fish/305 m of gill net) declined from 16.4 fish in 1996 to 4.1 fish in 2010, but the percentage of age-5 and younger lake trout steadily decreased from more than 70% before 1996 to less than 10% by 2009. The modal age in gill-net catches increased from age 5 before 1996 to age 7 by 2005. The average adult CPE increased from 2.8 fish/305 m of gill net during 1978-1995 to 5.34 fish/305 m of gill net during 1996-2010. The 1995-2010 year-classes of wild fish weremore abundant than previous year-classes and were associated with the relatively high adult abundance during 1996-2010. Until the 2002 year-class, there was no decline in age-7 CPE/R; until 2008, there was no decline in adult CPE. Low survival of the 2002 and 2003 year-classes of stocked fish was related to the event of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus population collapse in 2003-2004. Lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron are undergoing a transition from a hatchery stock to a wild stock, accompanied by an increased uncertainty in delayed recruitment. Future management should pay more attention to the protection of wild recruitment and the abundance of the spawning stock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.675947","usgsCitation":"He, J.X., Ebener, M.P., Riley, S., Cottrill, A., Kowalski, A., Koproski, S., Mohr, L., and Johnson, J.E., 2012, Lake trout status in the main basin of Lake Huron, 1973-2010: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 402-412, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.675947.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-029841","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267049,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.675947"},{"id":267264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0006,44.495 ], [ -83.0006,45.5563 ], [ -81.9982,45.5563 ], [ -81.9982,44.495 ], [ -83.0006,44.495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511b7283e4b0e3ef7b6f1e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Ji X.","contributorId":53254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Ji","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Stephen C.","contributorId":84183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cottrill, Adam","contributorId":36433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cottrill","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kowalski, Adam","contributorId":104784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koproski, Scott","contributorId":17496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koproski","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mohr, Lloyd","contributorId":34001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohr","given":"Lloyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70040374,"text":"fs20123123 - 2012 - A climate trend analysis of Senegal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"fs20123123","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3123","subseriesTitle":"Informing Climate Change Adaptation Series","title":"A climate trend analysis of Senegal","docAbstract":"This brief report, drawing from a multi-year effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), identifies modest declines in rainfall, accompanied by increases in air temperatures. These analyses are based on quality-controlled station observations. Conclusions: * Summer rains have remained steady in Senegal over the past 20 years but are 15 percent below the 1920-1969 average. * Temperatures have increased by 0.9° Celsius since 1975, amplifying the effect of droughts. * Cereal yields are low but have been improving. * The amount of farmland per person is low and declining rapidly. * Current population and agriculture trends could lead to a 30-percent reduction in per capita cereal production by 2025.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123123","collaboration":"Famine Early Warning Systems Network—Informing Climate Change Adaptation Series","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Rowland, J., Adoum, A., Eilerts, G., Verdin, J., and White, L., 2012, A climate trend analysis of Senegal: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3123, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123123.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3123.bmp"},{"id":262600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3123/FS12-3123.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Senegal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -17.529800,12.307300 ], [ -17.529800,16.693100 ], [ -11.348600,16.693100 ], [ -11.348600,12.307300 ], [ -17.529800,12.307300 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4988e4b0b290850ef412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Jim 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":22891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adoum, Alkhalil","contributorId":59670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adoum","given":"Alkhalil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":99647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Libby","contributorId":61680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Libby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040324,"text":"ds716 - 2012 - High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:26:28","indexId":"ds716","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"716","title":"High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","docAbstract":"Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-foot volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming or climactic eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Because the Crater Lake region is potentially volcanically active, knowledge of past events is important to understanding hazards from future eruptions. Similarly, because the area is seismically active, documenting and evaluating geologic faults is critical to assessing hazards from earthquakes. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey was awarded funding for high-precision airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data collection at several volcanoes in the Cascade Range through the Oregon LiDAR Consortium, administered by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The Oregon LiDAR Consortium contracted with Watershed Sciences, Inc., to conduct the data collection surveys. Collaborating agencies participating with the Oregon LiDAR Consortium for data collection in the Crater Lake region include Crater Lake National Park (National Park Service) and the Federal Highway Administration. In the immediate vicinity of Crater Lake National Park, 798 square kilometers of LiDAR data were collected, providing a digital elevation dataset of the ground surface beneath forest cover with an average resolution of 1.6 laser returns/m2 and both vertical and horizontal accuracies of ±5 cm. The LiDAR data were mosaicked in this report with bathymetry of the lake floor of Crater Lake, collected in 2000 using high-resolution multibeam sonar in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, Crater Lake National Park, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire. The bathymetric survey collected 16 million soundings with a spatial resolution of 2 meters using an EM1002 system owned and operated by C&C Technologies, Inc. The combined LiDAR and bathymetric dataset has a cell size of 1 meter and will contribute to understanding past volcanic events and their deposits, recognizing of faults and volcanic landforms, and quantifying landscape modification during and after the next volcanic eruption at Crater Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds716","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., 2012, High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 716, Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds716.","productDescription":"Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_716.gif"},{"id":262575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/DS716-CraterLake_LiDAR.zip"},{"id":262576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeDeliveryReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeAcceptanceReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crate Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.303132,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,42.767484 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507c6695e4b0f026455bc94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040318,"text":"ofr20121185 - 2012 - 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:26:49","indexId":"ofr20121185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1185","title":"2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","docAbstract":"The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's 2011 Year in Review is an annual report recounting the broad scope of the Center's 2011 accomplishments. 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The TIRS instrument will continue to collect the thermal infrared data that are currently being collected by the Thematic Mapper and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on Landsats 5 and 7, respectively. One of the key requirements of the new sensor is that the dark and background response be stable to ensure proper data continuity from the legacy Landsat instruments. Pre launch testing of the instrument has recently been completed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), which included calibration collects that mimic those that will be performed on orbit. These collects include images of a cold plate meant to simulate the deep space calibration source as viewed by the instrument in flight. The data from these collects give insight into the stability of the instrument’s dark and background response, as well as factors that may cause these responses to vary. This paper quantifies the measured background and dark response of TIRS as well as its stability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XVII","conferenceDate":"August 13-16, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, California","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.930139","usgsCitation":"Vanderwerff, K., and Montanaro, M., 2012, Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor, in Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510, San Diego, California, August 13-16, 2012, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930139.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039642","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b0e4b0518e354dd147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderwerff, Kelly kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderwerff","given":"Kelly","email":"kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montanaro, Matthew","contributorId":147004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanaro","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156365,"text":"70156365 - 2012 - A transect through the base of the Bronson Hill Terrane in western New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T15:17:48.817686","indexId":"70156365","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A transect through the base of the Bronson Hill Terrane in western New Hampshire","docAbstract":"This trip will present the preliminary results of ongoing bedrock mapping in the North Hartland and Claremont North 7.5-minute quadrangles in western New Hampshire. 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Fundamental questions remain concerning the geology across the Connecticut River, especially in regards to the stratigraphy of the BHA and CVT, and the distribution, or even existence, of faults ranging in age from Devonian to Mesozoic (e.g., Spear and others, 2008; McWilliams and others, 2010; Walsh and others, 2010). Questions to ponder on this trip include, but are not limited to: 1) Is the Bronson Hill anticlinorium allochthonous? 2) What is the crust beneath the Bronson Hill anticlinorium? 3) Is there a “Big Staurolite nappe” as proposed by Spear and others (2002, 2003, 2008)? 4) What is the role of Taconic, Acadian, and Alleghanian orogenesis in the tectonic development of the region? Modern 1:24,000-scale mapping is the first step towards answering these questions. Mapping will be supplemented by modern geochronology and geochemistry as this project develops. We plan to share some of our provisional results during this field trip.
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pvalley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-0403","contributorId":4809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"Peter","email":"pvalley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sicard, Karri R. 0000-0003-4062-8030","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-8030","contributorId":146760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sicard","given":"Karri","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13329,"text":"AK-DGGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040282,"text":"ds687 - 2012 - Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"ds687","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"687","title":"Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River Basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College, established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River Basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of sites: (1) sites that are considered long term and (2) sites that are considered rotational. Data from the long-term sites assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational sites assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and address local and short-term concerns. Biannual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for stakeholder discussions regarding the location and purpose of water-quality monitoring sites in the upper Gunnison River Basin. This report compares and summarizes the data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 to the historical data available at these sites. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network sites. The remainder of the report is organized around the data collected at individual sites. Data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. A seasonal Kendall test for trend analysis is completed when there is sufficient data (typically >5 years) at the station. Data were collected following USGS protocols.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds687","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P.A., Moore, B., and Blacklock, T.D., 2012, Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 687, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds687.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_687.gif"},{"id":262541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/DS687.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,37.9167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507995bce4b008dc419c53de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, Patricia A. psolberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"Patricia","email":"psolberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blacklock, Ty D. tblacklo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blacklock","given":"Ty","email":"tblacklo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171528,"text":"70171528 - 2012 - Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T13:57:35","indexId":"70171528","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Material exports by rivers, particularly carbon exports, provide insight to basin geology, weathering, and ecological processes within the basin. Accurate accounting of those exports is valuable to understanding present, past, and projected basin-wide changes in those processes. We calculated lateral export of inorganic and organic carbon (IC and OC) from rivers draining the conterminous United States using stream gaging and water quality data from more than 100 rivers. Approximately 90% of land area and 80% of water export were included, which enabled a continental-scale estimate using minor extrapolation. Total carbon export was 41–49 Tg C yr−1. IC was >75% of export and exceeded OC export in every region except the southeastern Atlantic seaboard. The 10 largest rivers, by discharge, accounted for 66% of water export and carried 74 and 62% of IC and OC export, respectively. Watershed carbon yield for the conterminous United States was 4.2 and 1.3 g C m−2 yr−1 for IC and OC, respectively. The dominance of IC export was unexpected but is consistent with geologic models suggesting high weathering rates in the continental United States due to the prevalence of easily weathered sedimentary rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart","doi":"10.5268/IW-2.4.510","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., and Striegl, R.G., 2012, Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States: Inland Waters, v. 2, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-2.4.510.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039157","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5268/iw-2.4.510","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158ade4b053f0edd03c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":152533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}