{"pageNumber":"1607","pageRowStart":"40150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70040376,"text":"sim3224 - 2012 - Surficial Geologic Map of Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sim3224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3224","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mesa Verde National Park in southwestern Colorado was established in 1906 to preserve and protect the artifacts and dwelling sites, including the famous cliff dwellings, of the Ancestral Puebloan people who lived in the area from about A.D. 550 to A.D. 1300. In 1978, the United Nations designated the park as a World Heritage Site. The geology of the park played a key role in the lives of these ancient people. For example, the numerous (approximately 600) cliff dwellings are closely associated with the Cliff House Sandstone of Late Cretaceous age, which weathers to form deep alcoves. In addition, the ancient people farmed the thick, red loess (wind-blown dust) deposits on the mesa tops, which because of its particle size distribution has good moisture retention properties. The soil in this loess cover and the seasonal rains allowed these people to grow their crops (corn, beans, and squash) on the broad mesa tops. Today, geology is still an important concern in the Mesa Verde area because the landscape is susceptible to various forms of mass movement (landslides, debris flows, rockfalls), swelling soils, and flash floods that affect the park's archeological sites and its infrastructure (roads, septic systems, utilities, and building sites). The map, which encompasses an area of about 100 mi<sup>2</sup> (260 km<sup>2</sup>), includes all of Mesa Verde National Park, a small part of the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation that borders the park on its southern and western sides, and some Bureau of Land Management and privately owned land to the north and east. Surficial deposits depicted on the map include: artificial fills, alluvium of small ephemeral streams, alluvium deposited by the Mancos River, residual gravel on high mesas, a combination of alluvial and colluvial deposits, fan deposits, colluvial deposits derived from the Menefee Formation, colluvial deposits derived from the Mancos Shale, rockfall deposits, debris flow deposits, earthflow deposits, translational and rotational landslide deposits, rock rubble deposits, and loess. Bedrock units depicted on the map include the Cliff House Sandstone, Menefee Formation, Point Lookout Sandstone, and Mancos Shale all of Late Cretaceous age. In addition, minette dikes, of Oligocene age, found at several locations in the park are depicted on the map. Descriptions, including associated hazards and resources as used by the Ancestral Puebloans, are given for all map units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 2012, Surficial Geologic Map of Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3224, Pamphlet: iv, 22 p.; Map: 50.00 x 42.51 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3224.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 22 p.; Map: 50.00 x 42.51 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3224.gif"},{"id":262614,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/downloads/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262615,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/SIM3224_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262618,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3224/SIM3224_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montezuma","otherGeospatial":"Mesa Verde National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.554606,37.156361 ], [ -108.554606,37.350476 ], [ -108.339678,37.350476 ], [ -108.339678,37.156361 ], [ -108.554606,37.156361 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee08ee4b022001d87bba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040314,"text":"70040314 - 2012 - Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"Ecotones represent locations where vegetation change is likely to occur as a result of climate and other environmental changes. Using a model of an ecotone vulnerable to such future changes, we estimated the resilience of the ecotone to disturbances. The specific ecotone is that between two different vegetation types, salinity-tolerant and salinity-intolerant, along a gradient in groundwater salinity. In the case studied, each vegetation type, through soil feedback loops, promoted local soil salinity levels that favor itself in competition with the other type. Bifurcation analysis was used to study the system of equations for the two vegetation types and soil salinity. Alternative stable equilibria, one for salinity-tolerant and one for salinity intolerant vegetation, were shown to exist over a region of the groundwater salinity gradient, bounded by two bifurcation points. This region was shown to depend sensitively on parameters such as the rate of upward infiltration of salinity from groundwater into the soil due to evaporation. We showed also that increasing diffusion rates of vegetation can lead to shrinkage of the range between the two bifurcation points. Sharp ecotones are typical of salt-tolerant vegetation (mangroves) near the coastline and salt-intolerant vegetation inland, even though the underlying elevation and groundwater salinity change very gradually. A disturbance such as an input of salinity to the soil from a storm surge could upset this stable boundary, leading to a regime shift of salinity-tolerant vegetation inland. We showed, however, that, for our model as least, a simple pulse disturbance would not be sufficient; the salinity would have to be held at a high level, as a 'press', for some time. The approach used here should be generalizable to study the resilience of a variety of ecotones to disturbances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., Gao, D., and DeAngelis, D., 2012, Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 29-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee099e4b022001d87bba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gao, Daozhou","contributorId":31637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"Daozhou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040315,"text":"70040315 - 2012 - American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040315","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis","docAbstract":"Stomach contents analysis (SCA) provides a snap-shot observation of a consumer's diet. Interpretation of SCA data can be complicated by many factors, including variation in gastric residence times and digestion rates among prey taxa. Although some SCA methods are reported to efficiently remove all stomach contents, the effectiveness of these techniques has rarely been tested for large irregular shaped prey with hard exoskeletons. We used a controlled feeding trial to estimate gastric residency time and decomposition rate of a large crustacean prey item, the Blue Crab (<i>Callinectes sapidus</i>), which is consumed by American Alligators (<i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>), an abundant apex predator in coastal habitats of the southeastern United States. The decomposition rate of C. <i>sapidus</i> in the stomachs of A. <i>mississippiensis</i> followed a predictable pattern, and some crab pieces remained in stomachs for at least 14 days. We also found that certain portions of C. <i>sapidus</i> were prone to becoming caught within the stomach or esophagus, meaning not all crab parts are consistently recovered using gastric lavage techniques. However, because the state of decomposition of crabs was predictable, it is possible to estimate time since consumption for crabs recovered from wild alligators. This information, coupled with a detailed understanding of crab distributions and alligator movement tactics could help elucidate patterns of cross-ecosystem foraging by the American Alligator in coastal habitats","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/CE-11-177","usgsCitation":"Nifong, J., Rosenblatt, A.E., Johnson, N.A., Barichivich, W., Silliman, B., and Heithaus, M.R., 2012, American alligator digestion rate of blue crabs and its implications for stomach contents analysis: Copeia, v. 2012, no. 3, p. 419-423, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-177.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"423","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CE-11-177"}],"country":"United States","volume":"2012","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfa2e4b022001d87bb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nifong, James C.","contributorId":23377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nifong","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenblatt, Adam E.","contributorId":84206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblatt","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988 najohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":4175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan","email":"najohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barichivich, William 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":21405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silliman, Brian","contributorId":11051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heithaus, Michael R.","contributorId":42828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heithaus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040320,"text":"70040320 - 2012 - A sampling design and model for estimating abundance of Nile crocodiles while accounting for heterogeneity of detectability of multiple observers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040320","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sampling design and model for estimating abundance of Nile crocodiles while accounting for heterogeneity of detectability of multiple observers","docAbstract":"As part of the development of a management program for Nile crocodiles in Lake Nasser, Egypt, we used a dependent double-observer sampling protocol with multiple observers to compute estimates of population size. To analyze the data, we developed a hierarchical model that allowed us to assess variation in detection probabilities among observers and survey dates, as well as account for variation in crocodile abundance among sites and habitats. We conducted surveys from July 2008-June 2009 in 15 areas of Lake Nasser that were representative of 3 main habitat categories. During these surveys, we sampled 1,086 km of lake shore wherein we detected 386 crocodiles. Analysis of the data revealed significant variability in both inter- and intra-observer detection probabilities. Our raw encounter rate was 0.355 crocodiles/km. When we accounted for observer effects and habitat, we estimated a surface population abundance of 2,581 (2,239-2,987, 95% credible intervals) crocodiles in Lake Nasser. Our results underscore the importance of well-trained, experienced monitoring personnel in order to decrease heterogeneity in intra-observer detection probability and to better detect changes in the population based on survey indices. This study will assist the Egyptian government establish a monitoring program as an integral part of future crocodile harvest activities in Lake Nasser","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.348","usgsCitation":"Shirley, M.H., Dorazio, R.M., Abassery, E., Elhady, A.A., Mekki, M.S., and Asran, H.H., 2012, A sampling design and model for estimating abundance of Nile crocodiles while accounting for heterogeneity of detectability of multiple observers: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 5, p. 966-975, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.348.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"975","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.348"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"Lake Nasser","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edf90e4b022001d87bb35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shirley, Matthew H.","contributorId":9538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirley","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abassery, Ekramy","contributorId":39260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abassery","given":"Ekramy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elhady, Amr A.","contributorId":100259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elhady","given":"Amr","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mekki, Mohammed S.","contributorId":75398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mekki","given":"Mohammed","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asran, Hosni H.","contributorId":38857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asran","given":"Hosni","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040318,"text":"ofr20121185 - 2012 - 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:26:49","indexId":"ofr20121185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1185","title":"2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","docAbstract":"The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center's 2011 Year in Review is an annual report recounting the broad scope of the Center's 2011 accomplishments. The report covers preparations for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) launch, the ever-increasing use of free Landsat data, monitoring the effects of natural hazards, and more to emphasize the importance of innovation in using satellite data to study change over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121185","usgsCitation":"2012, 2011 Year in review - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1185, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121185.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1185.jpg"},{"id":262580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1185/ofr2012-1185.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.840384,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.798528 ], [ -96.530628,43.465702 ], [ -96.840384,43.465702 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4927e4b0b290850eeeba","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Johnson, Rebecca L. 0000-0002-8771-6161 rljohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-6161","contributorId":178874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730608,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040317,"text":"ofr20121168 - 2012 - waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:25:21","indexId":"ofr20121168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1168","title":"waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","docAbstract":"Hydrologic time series data and associated anomalies (multiple components of the original time series representing variability at longer-term and shorter-term time scales) are useful for modeling trends in hydrologic variables, such as streamflow, and for modeling water-quality constituents. An R package, called waterData, has been developed for importing daily hydrologic time series data from U.S. Geological Survey streamgages into the R programming environment. In addition to streamflow, data retrieval may include gage height and continuous physical property data, such as specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The package allows for importing daily hydrologic data into R, plotting the data, fixing common data problems, summarizing the data, and the calculation and graphical presentation of anomalies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121168","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Vecchia, A.V., 2012, waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0 (Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1168, Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121168.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1168.gif"},{"id":262582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/of12-1168.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507d2380e4b0905c2a76c029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156664,"text":"70156664 - 2012 - Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients, and sulfur from US coastal rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T15:53:56.146138","indexId":"70156664","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients, and sulfur from US coastal rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>About 260&ndash;270 Mt of suspended sediment are discharged annually from the conterminous USA; approximately 69% derives from Gulf rivers (n = 36), 24% from Pacific rivers (n = 42), and 7% from Atlantic rivers (n = 54). Elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations relative to baseline levels occur in the reverse order of sediment discharges: Atlantic rivers (49%) &gt; Pacific rivers (40%) &gt; Gulf rivers (23%). Elevated trace element concentrations (e.g. Cu, Zn) tend to occur in association with present/former industrial areas and/or urban centres, particularly along the northeast Atlantic coast. Elevated nutrient concentrations occur along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but are dominated by rivers in the urban northeast and by southeastern and Gulf coast &ldquo;blackwater&rdquo; streams. Elevated Ca, Mg, K and Na levels appear to reflect local petrology whereas elevated Ti, S, Fe, and Al concentrations are ubiquitous, possibly because they have both natural and anthropogenic sources. Almost all the elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations/fluxes are lower than worldwide averages.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment : proceedings of an IAHS International Commission on Continental Erosion symposium held at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS-Chengdu, China, 11-15 October 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2012 International Commission on Continental Erosion (ICCE) International Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 11-15, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Chengdu, China","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Stephens, V.C., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J.J., 2012, Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients, and sulfur from US coastal rivers, <i>in</i> Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment : proceedings of an IAHS International Commission on Continental Erosion symposium held at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS-Chengdu, China, 11-15 October 2012, Chengdu, China, October 11-15, 2012, p. 39-48.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035880","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"United States coastal rivers","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f46de4b0bc0bec0a0f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Verlon C.","contributorId":147013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elrick, Kent A.","contributorId":78415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, James J.","contributorId":74086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040324,"text":"ds716 - 2012 - High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:26:28","indexId":"ds716","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"716","title":"High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","docAbstract":"Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-foot volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming or climactic eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Because the Crater Lake region is potentially volcanically active, knowledge of past events is important to understanding hazards from future eruptions. Similarly, because the area is seismically active, documenting and evaluating geologic faults is critical to assessing hazards from earthquakes. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey was awarded funding for high-precision airborne LiDAR (<b>Li</b>ght <b>D</b>etection <b>A</b>nd <b>R</b>anging) data collection at several volcanoes in the Cascade Range through the Oregon LiDAR Consortium, administered by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The Oregon LiDAR Consortium contracted with Watershed Sciences, Inc., to conduct the data collection surveys. Collaborating agencies participating with the Oregon LiDAR Consortium for data collection in the Crater Lake region include Crater Lake National Park (National Park Service) and the Federal Highway Administration. In the immediate vicinity of Crater Lake National Park, 798 square kilometers of LiDAR data were collected, providing a digital elevation dataset of the ground surface beneath forest cover with an average resolution of 1.6 laser returns/m<sup>2</sup> and both vertical and horizontal accuracies of &plusmn;5 cm. The LiDAR data were mosaicked in this report with bathymetry of the lake floor of Crater Lake, collected in 2000 using high-resolution multibeam sonar in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, Crater Lake National Park, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire. The bathymetric survey collected 16 million soundings with a spatial resolution of 2 meters using an EM1002 system owned and operated by C&C Technologies, Inc. The combined LiDAR and bathymetric dataset has a cell size of 1 meter and will contribute to understanding past volcanic events and their deposits, recognizing of faults and volcanic landforms, and quantifying landscape modification during and after the next volcanic eruption at Crater Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds716","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., 2012, High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 716, Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds716.","productDescription":"Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_716.gif"},{"id":262575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/DS716-CraterLake_LiDAR.zip"},{"id":262576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeDeliveryReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeAcceptanceReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crate Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.303132,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,42.767484 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507c6695e4b0f026455bc94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156665,"text":"70156665 - 2012 - Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:31:21","indexId":"70156665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) is a pushbroom sensor that will be a part of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), which is a joint mission between NASA and the USGS. The TIRS instrument will continue to collect the thermal infrared data that are currently being collected by the Thematic Mapper and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus on Landsats 5 and 7, respectively. One of the key requirements of the new sensor is that the dark and background response be stable to ensure proper data continuity from the legacy Landsat instruments. Pre launch testing of the instrument has recently been completed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), which included calibration collects that mimic those that will be performed on orbit. These collects include images of a cold plate meant to simulate the deep space calibration source as viewed by the instrument in flight. The data from these collects give insight into the stability of the instrument&rsquo;s dark and background response, as well as factors that may cause these responses to vary. This paper quantifies the measured background and dark response of TIRS as well as its stability.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XVII","conferenceDate":"August 13-16, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, California","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.930139","usgsCitation":"Vanderwerff, K., and Montanaro, M., 2012, Dark and background response stability for the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE volume 8510, San Diego, California, August 13-16, 2012, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930139.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039642","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b0e4b0518e354dd147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderwerff, Kelly kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderwerff","given":"Kelly","email":"kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montanaro, Matthew","contributorId":147004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanaro","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044231,"text":"70044231 - 2012 - Viral fitness: definitions, measurement, and current insights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T15:38:07","indexId":"70044231","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1356,"text":"Current Opinion in Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viral fitness: definitions, measurement, and current insights","docAbstract":"Viral fitness is an active area of research, with recent work involving an expanded number of human, non-human vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, and bacterial viruses. Many publications deal with RNA viruses associated with major disease emergence events, such as HIV-1, influenza virus, and Dengue virus. Study topics include drug resistance, immune escape, viral emergence, host jumps, mutation effects, quasispecies diversity, and mathematical models of viral fitness. Important recent trends include increasing use of in vivo systems to assess vertebrate virus fitness, and a broadening of research beyond replicative fitness to also investigate transmission fitness and epidemiologic fitness. This is essential for a more integrated understanding of overall viral fitness, with implications for disease management in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current Opinion in Virology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007","usgsCitation":"Wargo, A.R., and Kurath, G., 2012, Viral fitness: definitions, measurement, and current insights: Current Opinion in Virology, v. 2, no. 5, p. 538-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-038979","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7102723","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270512,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007"}],"country":"United States","volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdfde4b075500ee5caa1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Wargo Andrew R, Kurath Gael","journalName":"Current Opinion in Virology","publicationDate":"10/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wargo, Andrew R.","contributorId":47260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040282,"text":"ds687 - 2012 - Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"ds687","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"687","title":"Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River Basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College, established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River Basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of sites: (1) sites that are considered long term and (2) sites that are considered rotational. Data from the long-term sites assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational sites assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and address local and short-term concerns. Biannual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for stakeholder discussions regarding the location and purpose of water-quality monitoring sites in the upper Gunnison River Basin. This report compares and summarizes the data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 to the historical data available at these sites. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network sites. The remainder of the report is organized around the data collected at individual sites. Data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. A seasonal Kendall test for trend analysis is completed when there is sufficient data (typically >5 years) at the station. Data were collected following USGS protocols.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds687","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P.A., Moore, B., and Blacklock, T.D., 2012, Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 687, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds687.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_687.gif"},{"id":262541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/DS687.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,37.9167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507995bce4b008dc419c53de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, Patricia A. psolberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"Patricia","email":"psolberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blacklock, Ty D. tblacklo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blacklock","given":"Ty","email":"tblacklo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156365,"text":"70156365 - 2012 - A transect through the base of the Bronson Hill Terrane in western New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T15:17:48.817686","indexId":"70156365","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A transect through the base of the Bronson Hill Terrane in western New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p><span>This trip will present the preliminary results of ongoing bedrock mapping in the North Hartland and Claremont North 7.5-minute quadrangles in western New Hampshire. The trip will travel from the Lebanon pluton to just north of the Sugar River pluton (Fig. 1) with the aim of examining the lower structural levels of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium (BHA), and the nature of the boundary with the rocks of the Connecticut Valley trough (CVT). Spear and others (2002, 2003, 2008) proposed that western New Hampshire was characterized by five major faults bounding five structural levels including, from lowest to highest, the &ldquo;chicken yard line&rdquo;, Western New Hampshire Boundary Thrust, Skitchewaug nappe, Fall Mountain nappe, and Chesham Pond nappe. Lyons and others (1996, 1997) showed the lowest level cored by the Cornish nappe and floored by the Monroe fault. Thompson and others (1968) explained the geometry of units by folding without major thrust faults, and described the second level as the Skitchewaug nappe. This trip will focus on the two lowest levels which we have revised to call the Monroe and Skitchewaug Mountain thrust sheets. Despite decades of geologic mapping in the northeastern United States at various scales, little 1:24,000-scale (or larger scale) modern bedrock mapping has been published for the state of New Hampshire. In fact, of the New England states, New Hampshire contains the fewest published, modern bedrock geologic maps. Conversely, adjacent Vermont has a relatively high percentage of modern bedrock maps due to focused efforts to create a new state-wide bedrock geologic map over the last few decades. The new Vermont map (Ratcliffe and others, 2011) has identified considerable gaps in our knowledge of the bedrock geology in adjacent New Hampshire where published maps are, in places, more than 50 years old and at scales ranging from 1:62,500 to 1:250,000. Fundamental questions remain concerning the geology across the Connecticut River, especially in regards to the stratigraphy of the BHA and CVT, and the distribution, or even existence, of faults ranging in age from Devonian to Mesozoic (e.g., Spear and others, 2008; McWilliams and others, 2010; Walsh and others, 2010). Questions to ponder on this trip include, but are not limited to: 1) Is the Bronson Hill anticlinorium allochthonous? 2) What is the crust beneath the Bronson Hill anticlinorium? 3) Is there a &ldquo;Big Staurolite nappe&rdquo; as proposed by Spear and others (2002, 2003, 2008)? 4) What is the role of Taconic, Acadian, and Alleghanian orogenesis in the tectonic development of the region? Modern 1:24,000-scale mapping is the first step towards answering these questions. Mapping will be supplemented by modern geochronology and geochemistry as this project develops. We plan to share some of our provisional results during this field trip.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference 104th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 12-14 2012","conferenceLocation":"Newbury, New Hampshire","publisher":"University of New Hampshire Printing Services","publisherLocation":"Newbury, New Hampshire","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., and Sicard, K.R., 2012, A transect through the base of the Bronson Hill Terrane in western New Hampshire, New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference 104th Annual Meeting, Newbury, New Hampshire, October 12-14 2012, p. A4-1-A4-21.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"A4-1","endPage":"A4-21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039707","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Bronson terrane","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.50060579086579,\n              42.727841340650656\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.21841377890625,\n              42.72313928372688\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.18774073412803,\n              42.93459408456013\n            ],\n            [\n              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J.","contributorId":56523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568891,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valley, Peter M. 0000-0002-9957-0403 pvalley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-0403","contributorId":4809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"Peter","email":"pvalley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sicard, Karri R. 0000-0003-4062-8030","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-8030","contributorId":146760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sicard","given":"Karri","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13329,"text":"AK-DGGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171528,"text":"70171528 - 2012 - Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T13:57:35","indexId":"70171528","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>Material exports by rivers, particularly carbon exports, provide insight to basin geology, weathering, and ecological processes within the basin. Accurate accounting of those exports is valuable to understanding present, past, and projected basin-wide changes in those processes. We calculated lateral export of inorganic and organic carbon (IC and OC) from rivers draining the conterminous United States using stream gaging and water quality data from more than 100 rivers. Approximately 90% of land area and 80% of water export were included, which enabled a continental-scale estimate using minor extrapolation. Total carbon export was 41&ndash;49 Tg C yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>. IC was &gt;75% of export and exceeded OC export in every region except the southeastern Atlantic seaboard. The 10 largest rivers, by discharge, accounted for 66% of water export and carried 74 and 62% of IC and OC export, respectively. Watershed carbon yield for the conterminous United States was 4.2 and 1.3 g C m<sup>&minus;2</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup> for IC and OC, respectively. The dominance of IC export was unexpected but is consistent with geologic models suggesting high weathering rates in the continental United States due to the prevalence of easily weathered sedimentary rock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart","doi":"10.5268/IW-2.4.510","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., and Striegl, R.G., 2012, Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States: Inland Waters, v. 2, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-2.4.510.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039157","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5268/iw-2.4.510","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158ade4b053f0edd03c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":152533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040260,"text":"70040260 - 2012 - Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-31T12:58:12","indexId":"70040260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hydrophobic in nature and thus tend to accumulate in sediments if released into aquatic environments. As part of our overall effort to examine the toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials to sediment-dwelling invertebrates, we have evaluated the toxicity of different types of CNTs in 14-d water-only exposures to an amphipod (<i>Hyalella azteca</i>), a midge (<i>Chironomus dilutus</i>), an oligochaete (<i>Lumbriculus variegatus</i>), and a mussel (<i>Villosa iris</i>) in advance of conducting whole-sediment toxicity tests with CNTs. The results of these toxicity tests conducted with CNTs added to water showed that 1.00g/L (dry wt) of commercial sources of CNTs significantly reduced the survival or growth of the invertebrates. Toxicity was influenced by the type and source of the CNTs, by whether the materials were precleaned by acid, by whether sonication was used to disperse the materials, and by species of the test organisms. Light and electron microscope imaging of the surviving test organisms showed the presence of CNTs in the gut as well as on the outer surface of the test organisms, although no evidence was observed to show penetration of CNTs through cell membranes. The present study demonstrated that both the metals solubilized from CNTs such as nickel and the \"metal-free\" CNTs contributed to the toxicity.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.1888","usgsCitation":"Mwangi, J.N., Wang, N., Ingersoll, C.G., Hardesty, D.K., Brunson, E., Li, H., and Deng, B., 2012, Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 8, p. 1823-1830, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1888.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1823","endPage":"1830","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1888","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788fa3e4b0cfc2d59f5b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mwangi, Joseph N.","contributorId":70535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mwangi","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, Doug K.","contributorId":79344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brunson, Eric L. 0000-0001-6624-0902 elbrunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-0902","contributorId":3282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Eric L.","email":"elbrunson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Hao","contributorId":14945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Hao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deng, Baolin","contributorId":8988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deng","given":"Baolin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040274,"text":"ds708 - 2012 - Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-11T17:16:22","indexId":"ds708","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"708","title":"Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States","docAbstract":"Areal cover and occupancy of woody riparian species near 456 streamgages in the western United States were obtained from site visits during the growing seasons of 1996-2002. We made concomitant estimates of grazing intensity, channel stabilization and incision, gradient, sediment particle size, and nearby planting of Russian olive. The purpose of this publication is to describe the data set and make it available to other investigators in an electronic format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds708","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Friedman, J.M., Shafroth, P.B., Merigliano, M.F., and Scott, M.L., 2012, Woody riparian vegetation near selected streamgages in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 708, Report: iv, 8 p.; Description File; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds708.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Description File; Data Files","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_708.gif"},{"id":262536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/708/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/708/DS708.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Kansas;Montana;Nebraska;Nevada;New Mexio;North Dakota;Oklahoma;Oregon;South Dakota;Texas;Utah;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0000,25.7500 ], [ -123.0000,49.0000 ], [ -100.0000,49.0000 ], [ -100.0000,25.7500 ], [ -123.0000,25.7500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e587bfe4b0a4aa5bb0a0f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merigliano, Michael F.","contributorId":24211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merigliano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157551,"text":"70157551 - 2012 - Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:07:25","indexId":"70157551","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil cores provide valuable data on historical changes in vegetation and hydrologic conditions. Empirical models were developed to quantify the effect of meteorological and hydrologic forcing on plant species distributions over a 110-year period in Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA1) in the Florida Everglades, also known as the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Empirical models that predict plant species distributions at sites within WCA1 were developed by linking temporally sparse seed bank data from soil cores with continuous multi-decadal daily meteorological and hydrologic time series data. The meteorological data included rainfall and maximum daily temperatures that spanned the entire study period of 110 years. The hydrologic data included stage data from two gages in WCA1 established in 1954. These stage data were hindcasted to be concurrent with the meteorological data by using correlation models that fit measured stages as a function of the meteorological parameters. The historical plant species data came from seven peat cores from WCA1. Different depths from each core were carbon-dated and assayed for relative percentages of 83 plant species using pollen counts. The oldest dates were more than 1,000 years old; however, only core data that overlapped the study period were used, for a total of 67 assays among the seven cores. Twenty-three of the species had ratios of at least 5 percent for one or more of the 67 assays, hereafter referred to as the \"top23\". Using the assays as input vectors, the top23 were grouped using the k-means clustering into four plant classes that represented the extent to which the various species have historically appeared together. This reduced the modeling problem to one of predicting the relative ratios of the four plant classes from the hindcasted stage time-series data. A separate empirical model was developed for each class using a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, which provides multivariate, nonlinear curve fitting. The models predicted the relative ratios of the classes, and the sums of the predictions are near 1. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the models varied from 0.87 to 0.96, indicating that the relative ratios of the plant classes are predictable, and therefore controllable, from stage forcing. Similar soil cores are available for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and are planned for the Congaree National Park in South Carolina.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 10-11 2012","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., and Bernhardt, C., 2012, Quantification of water-level variability effect on plant species populations using paleoecological and hydrological time series data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 10-11 2012, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Arthur R. 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,{"id":70156613,"text":"70156613 - 2012 - Characterization of storm runoff from selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T18:47:23.773509","indexId":"70156613","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterization of storm runoff from selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objective of this project is to collect sufficient stormwater water-quality and flow data to document the type, concentration, and event load of selected constituents transported from South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) maintenance yards by stormwater runoff.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources 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,{"id":70040258,"text":"70040258 - 2012 - Fine-scale habitat use of reintroduced black-footed ferrets on prairie dog colonies in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70040258","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T14:29:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale habitat use of reintroduced black-footed ferrets on prairie dog colonies in New Mexico","docAbstract":"Black-footed ferrets (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>) are among the most endangered animals in North America. Reintroductions of captive-born ferrets onto prairie dog (<i>Cynomys</i> spp.) colonies are crucial to the conservation of the species. In September 2007, captive-born ferrets were released on a black-tailed prairie dog (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>) colony at the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico. Ferret kits experimentally released in areas of comparatively low and high prairie dog burrow densities were located via spotlight surveys. Some maturing ferret kits were subsequently translocated to areas of low and high burrow densities on nearby prairie dog colonies. For 2 months, fine-scale habitat use was quantified by mapping all burrow openings within a 30-m radius of each ferret location. Spatial statistics accounted for autocorrelation in the burrow densities in areas used by ferrets. It was hypothesized that ferrets would select areas of high burrow densities within colonies; however, burrow densities in areas used by ferrets were generally similar to the available burrow densities. Because ferrets used areas with burrow densities similar to densities available at the colony level and because of the potential energetic benefits for ferrets using areas with high burrow densities, releasing ferrets on colonies with high burrow densities might increase reintroduction success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0211","usgsCitation":"Chipault, J.G., Biggins, D.E., Detling, J.K., Long, D.H., and Reich, R.M., 2012, Fine-scale habitat use of reintroduced black-footed ferrets on prairie dog colonies in New Mexico: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 216-227, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0211.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487973,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/11","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0211","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0500,31.3300 ], [ -109.0500,37.0000 ], [ -103.0000,37.0000 ], [ -103.0000,31.3300 ], [ -109.0500,31.3300 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788d49e4b0cfc2d59f5a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detling, James K.","contributorId":84203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detling","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, Dustin H.","contributorId":14239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reich, Robin M.","contributorId":98578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reich","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003750,"text":"70003750 - 2012 - Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70003750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T14:17:08","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies","docAbstract":"Wildlife-habitat relationships are often conceptualized as resource selection functions (RSFs)&mdash;models increasingly used to estimate species distributions and prioritize habitat conservation. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of 2 black-footed ferret (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>) RSFs developed on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>) in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. We used the RSFs to project the relative probability of occurrence of ferrets throughout an adjacent 227-ha colony. We evaluated performance of the RSFs using ferret space use data collected via postbreeding spotlight surveys June&ndash;October 2005&ndash;2006. In home ranges and core areas, ferrets selected the predicted \"very high\" and \"high\" occurrence categories of both RSFs. Count metrics also suggested selection of these categories; for each model in each year, approximately 81% of ferret locations occurred in areas of very high or high predicted occurrence. These results suggest usefulness of the RSFs in estimating the distribution of ferrets throughout a black-tailed prairie dog colony. The RSFs provide a fine-scale habitat assessment for ferrets that can be used to prioritize releases of ferrets and habitat restoration for prairie dogs and ferrets. A method to quickly inventory the distribution of prairie dog burrow openings would greatly facilitate application of the RSFs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0210","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Jachowski, D.S., Biggins, D.E., Livieri, T., Matchett, M.R., and Millspaugh, J.J., 2012, Resource selection models are useful in predicting fine-scale distributions of black-footed ferrets in prairie dog colonies: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 206-215, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0210.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487964,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/10","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0210","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Conata Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0600,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,45.9500 ], [ -96.4400,42.4800 ], [ -104.0600,42.4800 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788ef7e4b0cfc2d59f5b27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":16265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":35581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003990,"text":"70003990 - 2012 - Use of multi-opening burrow systems by black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70003990","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of multi-opening burrow systems by black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Multi-opening burrow systems constructed by prairie dogs (Cynomys) ostensibly provide escape routes when prairie dogs are pursued by predators capable of entering the burrows, such as black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), or by predators that can rapidly dig into the tunnels, such as American badgers (Taxidea taxus). Because badgers also prey on ferrets, ferrets might similarly benefit from multi-opening burrow systems. Using an air blower, white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus) burrow openings were tested for connectivity on plots occupied by black-footed ferrets and on randomly selected plots in Wyoming. Significantly more connected openings were found on ferret-occupied plots than on random plots. Connected openings might be due to modifications by ferrets in response to plugging by prairie dogs, due to selection by ferrets for complex systems with multiple openings that are already unobstructed, or simply due to ferrets lingering at kill sites that were multi-opening systems selected by their prairie dog prey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0202","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., 2012, Use of multi-opening burrow systems by black-footed ferrets: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 134-139, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0202.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0202"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0600,40.9900 ], [ -111.0600,45.0100 ], [ -104.0500,45.0100 ], [ -104.0500,40.9900 ], [ -111.0600,40.9900 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e56218e4b0a4aa5bb04582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040244,"text":"sim3177 - 2012 - Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T18:53:06.432986","indexId":"sim3177","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3177","title":"Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars","docAbstract":"The north polar region of Mars occurs within the central and lowest part of the vast northern plains of Mars and is dominated by the roughly circular north polar plateau, Planum Boreum. The northern plains formed very early in Martian time and have collected volcanic flows and sedimentary materials shed from highland sources. Planum Boreum has resulted from the accumulation of water ice and dust particles. Extensive, uncratered dune fields adjacent to Planum Boreum attest to the active and recent transport and accumulation of sand. Our geologic map of Planum Boreum is the first to record its entire observable stratigraphic record using the various post-Viking image and topography datasets released before 2009. We also provide much more detail in the map than previously published, including some substantial revisions based on new data and observations. The available data have increased and improved immensely in quantity, resolution, coverage, positional accuracy, and spectral range, enabling us to resolve previously unrecognized geomorphic features, stratigraphic relations, and compositional information. We also employ more carefully prescribed and effective mapping methodologies and digital techniques, as well as formatting guidelines. The foremost aspect to our mapping approach is how geologic units are discriminated based primarily on their temporal relations with other units as expressed in unit contacts by unconformities or by gradational relations. Whereas timing constraints of such activity in the north polar region are now better defined stratigraphically, they remain poorly constrained chronologically. The end result is a new reconstruction of the sedimentary, erosional, and structural histories of the north polar region and how they may have been driven by climate conditions, available geologic materials, and eolian, periglacial, impact, magmatic, hydrologic, and tectonic activity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3177","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Fortezzo, C.M., 2012, Geologic map of the north polar region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3177, Pamphlet: i, 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 60 x 44 inches; Readme File; Metadata Folder; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3177.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 60 x 44 inches; Readme File; Metadata Folder; GIS Database","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414294,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92HAU5N","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Web App: SIM 3177 Geologic Map of the North Polar Region of Mars, 1:2M. Tanaka and Fortezzo (2012)"},{"id":262511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3177.jpg"},{"id":262505,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/sim3177_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3177/sim3177_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Polar Stereographic projection","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dde219e4b0e31bb0285c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040246,"text":"sir20125213 - 2012 - Simulation of daily streamflows at gaged and ungaged locations within the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"sir20125213","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5213","title":"Simulation of daily streamflows at gaged and ungaged locations within the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, conducted a study to examine techniques for estimation of daily streamflows using hydrological models and statistical methods. This report focuses on the use of a hydrologic model, the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, to estimate daily streamflows at gaged and ungaged locations. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a modular, physically based, distributed-parameter modeling system developed to evaluate the impacts of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on surface-water runoff and general basin hydrology. The Cedar River Basin was selected to construct a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model that simulates the period from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2010. The calibration period was from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004, and the validation periods were from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010 and January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010. A Geographic Information System tool was used to delineate the Cedar River Basin and subbasins for the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model and to derive parameters based on the physical geographical features. Calibration of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model was completed using a U.S. Geological Survey calibration software tool. The main objective of the calibration was to match the daily streamflow simulated by the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model with streamflow measured at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gages. The Cedar River Basin daily streamflow model performed with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranged from 0.82 to 0.33 during the calibration period, and a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranged from 0.77 to -0.04 during the validation period. The Cedar River Basin model is meeting the criteria of greater than 0.50 Nash-Sutcliffe and is a good fit for streamflow conditions for the calibration period at all but one location, Austin, Minnesota. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model accurately simulated streamflow at four of six uncalibrated sites within the basin. Overall, there was good agreement between simulated and measured seasonal and annual volumes throughout the basin for calibration and validation sites. The calibration period ranged from 0.2 to 20.8 percent difference, and the validation period ranged from 0.0 to 19.5 percent difference across all seasons and total annual runoff. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model tended to underestimate lower streamflows compared to the observed streamflow values. This is an indication that the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling model needs more detailed groundwater and storage information to properly model the low-flow conditions in the Cedar River Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, D.E., 2012, Simulation of daily streamflows at gaged and ungaged locations within the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5213, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125213.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5213.gif"},{"id":262508,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5213/sir2012-5213.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0000,41.2500 ], [ -94.0000,44.0000 ], [ -90.5000,44.0000 ], [ -90.5000,41.2500 ], [ -94.0000,41.2500 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4c6bfe4b0e8fec6ce104a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040255,"text":"70040255 - 2012 - Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70040255","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) spend most daylight hours underground in prairie dog (Cynomys) burrows and exhibit aboveground movements primarily at night. Moonlight can influence the activity patterns of ferrets and, consequently, might influence the efficiency of spotlight surveys used by biologists to monitor ferret populations. We related detection of adult ferrets during postbreeding spotlight surveys to lunar and temporal conditions. We most frequently located ferrets during surveys in which the moon breached the horizon. The data suggested intersexual differences in response to moonlight. We located male ferrets most frequently during nights with greater moon illumination, but we did not detect a correlation between moon illumination and spotlight detection of female ferrets. In general, moonlight could facilitate aboveground navigation by ferrets. However, it seems activity under bright moonlight could be costly for female ferrets while they raise young. Detection of ferrets also varied among months. We detected female ferrets most frequently in August&ndash;September, when mothers increase hunting efforts to acquire prey for growing offspring (kits). Detection of adult female ferrets declined in October, when kits were likely independent of their mother. We located male ferrets most frequently in September&ndash;October, when males might increase activity to monitor female ferrets and male competitors. Consideration of lunar and temporal influences and standardization of postbreeding surveys could enhance site-specific assessment of reintroduction success and across-site assessment of species recoveiy progress. We suggest that postbreeding surveys for ferrets should be enhanced by concentrating efforts in August&ndash;September during moonlit nights when the moon is above the horizon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0207","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Jachowski, D.S., Millspaugh, J.J., and Biggins, D.E., 2012, Importance of lunar and temporal conditions for spotlight surveys of adult black-footed ferrets: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0207.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487971,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0207"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df156fe4b0dfbe79e69067","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":70234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040254,"text":"70040254 - 2012 - Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"70040254","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation","docAbstract":"Once feared to be extinct, black-footed ferrets (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>) were rediscovered near Meeteetse, Wyoming, in 1981, resulting in renewed conservation and research efforts for this highly endangered species. A need for information directly useful to recovery has motivated much monitoring of ferrets since that time, but field activities have enabled collection of data relevant to broader biological themes. This special feature is placed in a context of similar books and proceedings devoted to ferret biology and conservation. Articles include general observations on ferrets, modeling of potential impacts of ferrets on prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys</i> spp.), discussions on relationships of ferrets to prairie dog habitats at several spatial scales (from individual burrows to patches of burrow systems) and a general treatise on the status of black-footed ferret recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.3398/064.072.0201","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., 2012, Information on black-footed ferret biology collected within the framework of ferret conservation: Western North American Naturalist, v. 72, no. 2, p. 129-133, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0201.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487994,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss2/1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.072.0201"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Meeteetse","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.8764,44.1467 ], [ -108.8764,44.1614 ], [ -108.8482,44.1614 ], [ -108.8482,44.1467 ], [ -108.8764,44.1467 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df2a51e4b0dfbe79e69cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040239,"text":"sir20125177 - 2012 - Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T13:14:53.744265","indexId":"sir20125177","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5177","title":"Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies about 112 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States&mdash;Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water levels declined in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the onset of substantial irrigation with groundwater (about 1950). This report presents the volume of saturated aquifer material and drainable water in storage in the High Plains aquifer in 2009; water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer from 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009; and changes in the volume of drainable water in storage in the aquifer from 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009. The volume data were calculated from raster files with a cell size of about 0.6 acres. The volume of water in storage in the High Plains aquifer in 2009 is estimated at about 3.0 billion acre-feet. Area-weighted, average water-level changes for the aquifer were declines of 2.0 feet from 1980 to 1995, 1.3 feet from 1995 to 2000, 2.8 feet from 2000 to 2005, and 1.0 foot from 2005 to 2009. Estimated changes in water in storage were declines of 36.0 million acre-feet from 1980 to 1995, 23.5 million acre-feet from 1995 to 2000, 46.7 million acre-feet from 2000 to 2005, and 18.3 million acre-feet from 2005 to 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., Lund, K.D., and Densmore, B.K., 2012, Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5177, Report: v, 28 p.; 6 Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125177.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 6 Data Releases","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483726,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L0DLVQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995"},{"id":483727,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96WJ8R7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1995 to 2000"},{"id":483728,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91B856T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2000 to 2005"},{"id":483729,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90Q1CG1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2005 to 2009"},{"id":262510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5177.gif"},{"id":262503,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5177/sir12-5177.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":483724,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WMRZBN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Saturated thickness, High Plains aquifer, 2009"},{"id":483725,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XWB5JH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Specific yield, High Plains aquifer"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.3500,35.1900 ], [ -110.3500,49.4100 ], [ -99.3200,49.4100 ], [ -99.3200,35.1900 ], [ -110.3500,35.1900 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4b621e4b0e8fec6cde85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Kris D. kdlund@usgs.gov","contributorId":1958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Kris","email":"kdlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}