The Aransas-Wood Buffalo population of Grus americana (Linnaeus, 1758; whooping cranes) migrates through the U.S. Great Plains, encountering places substantially altered by human activity. Using telemetry data from 2017 to 2022, we investigated whooping crane migration behavior around U.S. Air Force bases in Oklahoma. Our study focused on potential collision risks between whooping cranes and aircraft, a substantial concern for aviation safety. We determined that activity was greatest at Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Airfield, near whooping crane critical habitat. On average, 61 percent of marked whooping cranes used locations west of Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Airfield and Vance Air Force Base during autumn migration and 55 percent during spring migration, and few cranes approached within 5 kilometers of airfields. Flight characteristics revealed seasonal variations in altitude and timing; cranes flew at lower altitudes in autumn and had distinct flight patterns. Additionally, we assessed temporal aspects of migration, identifying average arrival and departure dates for spring and autumn migrations. Cranes indicated consistency in seasonal presence, which may aid in risk assessments. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring potential interactions between whooping cranes and aircraft, particularly around whooping crane critical habitat like the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. Detailed summaries of migration patterns and flight behavior can be used to assist the U.S. Air Force in assessing collision risks and developing mitigation strategies. Furthermore, these summaries can provide insights for the conservation efforts of this endangered species managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and serve as a step towards mitigating risks to aviation safety and the recovery of whooping cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Brandt, D.A., and Pearse, A.T., 2024, Migrating whooping crane activity near U.S. Air Force bases and airfields in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1056, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241056.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-165140","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/ofr20241056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1056"},{"id":433675,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/images/"},{"id":433676,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y8KZJ9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Location data for whooping cranes of the Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, 2009–2018"},{"id":433677,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P138HGIX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Whooping crane use around Air Force Bases in Oklahoma, 2017–2022"},{"id":433674,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1056/ofr20241056.XML"},{"id":433678,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241056/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 37.12806045019728\n ],\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 33.690676852817916\n ],\n [\n -97.31750204850259,\n 33.690676852817916\n ],\n [\n -97.31750204850259,\n 37.12806045019728\n ],\n [\n -100.13000204850229,\n 37.12806045019728\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Organic petrology developed from coal petrology, and, in the 1960s, it began to be applied to the study of dispersed organic matter (DOM) in sedimentary rocks other than coal. Over the last few decades, the petrology of DOM has been used to characterize organic matter in sedimentary basins with an emphasis on fossil fuel resource exploration. Today, due to the global research shift on topics related to climate, organic petrology has expanded into new application areas, such as geothermal exploration, biological carbon storage (biochar), disposal, and management of radioactive waste.
From the publication of the International Handbook of Coal Petrology (mid-20th century) to the present day, a large number of standards, books, and articles have been published as a result of the work of organic petrographers and petrologists around the world and efforts of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) and The Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP) to promote the study of organic petrology. The current fundamentals and standards of organic petrology provide the international scientific community with well-informed guidance and recommendations to promote in-depth research. However, this information is currently widely scattered, leading to discrepancies in methodology and terminology. Therefore, this paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the main analytical standard test methods and techniques currently used in the petrology of DOM under reflected white light and UV and blue-light excitation, and to provide an efficient and well-defined reference guide. Furthermore, considering the important role of the ICCP in the development of organic petrology since the 1950s, a brief review of the ongoing activities of ICCP dealing with DOM is also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104604","usgsCitation":"Goncalves, P., Kus, J., Hackley, P.C., Borrego, A., Hámor-Vidó, M., Kalkreuth, W., Mendonça Filho, J., Petersen, H., Pickel, W., Reinhardt, M., Suárez-Ruiz, I., and , I., 2024, The petrology of dispersed organic matter in sedimentary rocks: Review and update: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 294, 104604, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104604.","productDescription":"104604, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161979","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104604","text":"Publisher Index 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0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borrego, A.G.","contributorId":344156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borrego","given":"A.G.","affiliations":[{"id":82306,"text":"Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR-CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hámor-Vidó, M.","contributorId":344157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hámor-Vidó","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":82307,"text":"University of Pécs Department of Geology and Meteorology, Ifjúság u. 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":344158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":82308,"text":"Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91509-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mendonça Filho, J.G.","contributorId":344159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendonça Filho","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":82305,"text":"Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Petersen, H.I.","contributorId":344160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82309,"text":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen K, 1350, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pickel, W.","contributorId":344161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickel","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27990,"text":"Deceased","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reinhardt, M.J.","contributorId":344162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27990,"text":"Deceased","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Suárez-Ruiz, I.","contributorId":344163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suárez-Ruiz","given":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":82306,"text":"Instituto Nacional del Carbon (INCAR-CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":" ICCP","contributorId":344164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"ICCP","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82310,"text":"International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70258412,"text":"70258412 - 2024 - Lead isotopes constrain Precambrian crustal architecture, thermal history, and lithospheric foundering in Laurentia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T15:43:15.380363","indexId":"70258412","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-10T07:02:22","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3531,"text":"Terra Nova","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotopes constrain Precambrian crustal architecture, thermal history, and lithospheric foundering in Laurentia","docAbstract":"Laurentia (ancestral North America) records nearly 4 billion years of crustal evolution. Here, a newly compiled continental-scale Pb isotopic database is used to evaluate the Precambrian crustal evolution of Laurentia. Pb model ages yield a 2.7 Ga peak, a 2.5–1.8 Ga minimum and 1.8–0.9 Ga continuum. Pb model ages yield thermochronometric data and track crustal growth via arc-related magmatism and accretionary orogenesis. Model 232Th/204Pb and 238U/204Pb broadly correlate with mapped crustal domains. More homogeneous and less radiogenic 238U/204Pb and 232Th/238U after 2.7 Ga suggests a shift to more juvenile sources, loss of early isotopic reservoirs and greater crustal reworking. U and Th are fractionated from Pb in Proterozoic orogens with abundant ferroan and anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite(AMCG)-suite magmatism. This fractionation suggests the removal of Pb-rich lower crust, supporting petrogenetic models involving lithospheric foundering and magmatic underplating. Lithospheric thinning and associated magmatism may have contributed to high middle Proterozoic geothermal gradients.
Spatial overlap between wildlife and related domestic animals can lead to disease transmission, with substantial evidence for viral and bacterial spillover. Domestic and wild animals can also share potentially harmful helminth parasites, many of which have environmental transmission stages that do not require direct contact between hosts. We used camera traps, fecal sampling, and mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential for hookworm parasites to spillover from domestic dogs to wild cats in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Traditional microscopy was found to be more sensitive than DNA-based diagnostics for parasites, though the methods were complementary. We found high hookworm (Ancylostoma spp.) prevalence in domestic dogs (74.2%, 95% CI: 67.0%–80.7%, N = 155), and considerable spatial overlap with ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and pumas (Puma concolor), particularly on trails and dirt roads. Pumas had hookworm prevalence of 36.4% (18.6%–57.2%, N = 22), and ocelots had 27.3% (7.6%–56.5%, N = 11); however, molecular identification of these parasites was inconclusive. We developed a macroparasite transmission model to infer the likelihood of spillover, compared with separate parasite cycles, or different parasite species in each host. According to the model, spillover of hookworm from dogs would lead to a prevalence of less than 10% in wild hosts. Low presumed compatibility between wild hosts and parasites adapted to domestic species limits the prevalence that could be reached in wild species, even under potentially higher overlap. The prevalence observed was more consistent with a model that assumes hookworms in wild cats in the Osa are a cat-specific parasite. The combination of parasitology, molecular diagnostics, and mathematical modeling used here could complement wildlife disease monitoring programs worldwide to shed light on understudied helminth–host dynamics at the domestic–wild animal interface.
Precariously balanced rocks (PBRs) and other fragile geologic features have the potential to constrain the maximum intensity of earthquake ground shaking over millennia. Such constraints may be particularly useful in the eastern United States (U.S.), where few earthquake‐source faults are reliably identified, and moderate earthquakes can be felt at great distances due to low seismic attenuation. We describe five PBRs in northern New York and Vermont—a region of elevated seismic hazard associated with historical seismicity. These boulders appear to be among the most fragile PBRs in the region, based on reports from hobbyists. The PBRs are glacial erratics, best evidenced by glacial striations on bedrock pedestals. The pedestals themselves are locally high knobs, often situated on regionally high topography; this setting limits soil development and indicates that any outwash deposits were likely ephemeral. As a result, PBR ages can be reliably established by the retreat of the last continental ice sheet, ∼15–13 ka. To quantify the fragility of the PBRs, we surveyed them with ground‐based light detection and ranging and calculated geometric parameters from the point clouds, field observations, and seismic responses. Preliminary validation of the 2023 time‐independent U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) shows that the existence of PBRs is generally consistent with the median site‐specific hazard curves. Only the Blue Ridge Road site suggests a modest reduction in hazard. To visualize the ensemble of data, we mapped the minimum permissible distance to potential source faults around each PBR site as a function of source magnitude by using the ground‐motion models from the 2023 NSHM. Viewed in this manner, our data are consistent with potential M∼6.5 earthquake‐source faults in many parts of the Lake Champlain Valley and northern Adirondack Mountains. Our work illustrates a potential pathway for better constraining earthquake‐source faults in regions of cryptic faults.
Lead Belt, an area of major lead mining from the 1860s until 1972 where more than 8.5 million tons of lead were mined. After active mining ceased, the effects of mining activities persisted in the Big River system because of large mine waste pile erosion, and floodplain sediment and streambank contamination along several tributaries and the main stem of the Big River. Lead-contaminated streambed and floodplain sediments extend more than 90 miles from the Old Lead Belt to the confluence of the Big River with the Meramec River. The waste piles and mine-waste contaminated streambed and floodplain sediments have been sources of high concentrations of several trace elements, primarily cadmium, lead, and zinc. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 has made several efforts to prevent further erosion of contaminated sediments into the Big River including the capping of major mine waste piles, reclaiming sediment deposits along the floodplains, and monitoring soil conditions of croplands and residential properties.
A cooperative effort began in 2011 between the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 to characterize suspended sediment quantity and quality in the Big River downstream from the Old Lead Belt as reclamation activities in the drainage basin progressed. The study was completed in two phases, and each phase included continuous stage, turbidity, and water temperature monitoring at the Big River below Bonne Terre, Missouri, streamgage and sampling station. Periodic suspended sediment samples also were collected manually (discrete samples) during base flow and selected stormflow events. Continuous streamflow, turbidity, and discrete suspended sediment data were used to develop regression models to compute daily suspended sediment concentrations and loads. During both phases, the discrete stormflow event samples were also evaluated to determine particle size distribution and concentrations of select trace elements. Phase one was completed from October 2011 through September 2013, and phase two, which is the primary focus of this report, was completed from October 2018 through September 2021. Phase two also included time-integrated suspended sediment samples collected using passive samplers. Discrete samples (collected during stormflow events) and passive samples were analyzed for concentrations of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc in two sediment size fractions (when possible) to estimate trace element loads. Suspended sediment concentrations and loads and select trace element concentration results computed during phase one were compared to those computed during phase two to identify trends in the Big River Basin during the full study period.
The concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in nearly all discrete stormflow event suspended sediment samples and passive suspended sediment samples exceeded the threshold effect concentrations and the probable effect concentrations, which are two sediment quality guidelines. Most samples also exceeded the toxic effect threshold, the level at which sediment is considered to be heavily contaminated and problematic for sediment-dwelling organisms. Bulk cadmium concentrations (median of 7.90 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg]) exceeded the toxic effect threshold (3.0 mg/kg) in 17 discrete stormflow event samples, and bulk lead concentrations (median of 1,070 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic effect threshold (170 mg/kg) in all 18 discrete stormflow event samples. Bulk zinc concentrations (median of 500 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic effect threshold (540 mg/kg) in eight discrete stormflow event samples. Bulk concentrations of these trace elements in passive suspended sediment samples were slightly greater, with concentrations of cadmium (median of 14.0 mg/kg) and lead (median of 1,860 mg/kg) exceeding the toxic effect threshold in all 18 samples. Bulk concentrations of zinc (median of 733 mg/kg) exceeded the toxic effect threshold in 15 passive samples. Compared to phase one (water years 2012–13), phase two (water years 2019–21) concentrations of lead and cadmium in the fine fraction of discrete suspended sediment samples collected at Big River below Bonne Terre were statistically similar; concentrations of barium and zinc were statistically smaller in samples collected during phase two (water years 2018–21).
Sediment quality data from passive samples and daily mean suspended sediment loads from the regression model were used to calculate annual oads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc at the Bonne Terre streamgage. Water year 2019 had the largest loads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc (58.6, 1.43, 194, and 76.5 tons, respectively). The total loads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc for phase two (water years 2019–21) were 149, 4.00, 520, and 213 tons, respectively. Less than 5 percent of the total lead load calculated for the study period was transported when daily mean streamflow was less than 455 cubic feet per second, which is the approximate flow at which the passive samplers were inundated and began sampling. This highlights that most of the lead load is transported during stormflow events and the effectiveness of using passive samplers for ongoing monitoring of the Big River.
Annual suspended sediment loads at the Bonne Terre streamgage computed using the regression model were 113,000 tons in water year 2019, 83,400 tons in water year 2020, and 96,500 tons in water year 2021. The event-based suspended sediment loads for the eight sampled stormflow events ranged from 45.3 to 32,500 tons. Although only a portion of all stormflow events during phase two were sampled, the loads accounted for during these eight stormflow events represented approximately 30.9 percent of the total suspended sediment load calculated for the study period, confirming that a large part of suspended sediments continue to be transported in the Big River during stormflow events. Event-based loads of barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc were greatest during the stormflow events sampled in January 2020 (event 4) and March 2021 (event 8). Event-based loads calculated for event 4 for barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc were 17.1, 0.206, 27.2, and 14.5 tons, respectively. During event 8, an estimated 15.6 tons of barium, 0.239 tons of cadmium, 34.0 tons of lead, and 13.6 tons of zinc were transported in suspended sediments. The continued high concentrations of lead in suspended sediments in the Big River, despite reclamation activities, is likely because of the continual transport from streambed and stream banks of lead-enriched sediment, which remain in the system from historical mining activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Markland, K.M., and Buckley, C.E., 2024, Suspended sediment and trace element transport in the Big River downstream from the Old Lead Belt in southeastern Missouri, 2018–21: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5085, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245085.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 45 p.; 2 Appendixes; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-153957","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433616,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1B8YS78","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical analyses of water, mine tailings, fluvial suspended sediments, fluvial bed sediments, and fluvial flood deposit sediments from the Big River and Meramec River drainage basins, Missouri"},{"id":433610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/sir20245085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024–5085"},{"id":433612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/sir20245085.XML"},{"id":433613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/downloads/","text":"Appendixes 1–2","linkHelpText":"- Model Archives Summaries for Regression Models"},{"id":433614,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5085/images/"},{"id":499482,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117311.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433617,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"UGSS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":433615,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245085/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.28892432173701,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -91.28892432173701,\n 37.29246138824874\n ],\n [\n -89.90464697798724,\n 37.29246138824874\n ],\n [\n -89.90464697798724,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -91.28892432173701,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) was extirpated from much of the United States in the early 20th century due to habitat loss, pollution of waterways, and overharvesting. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources began a river otter reintroduction effort in 1985, which placed otters in 14 sites across the state. Otters have since been known to occur in every county in Iowa and appear to have successfully repopulated their former range throughout the state. Our objective was to relate land cover characteristics and otter abundance using harvest data. We used data collected by agency staff to map the locations of otter harvest in Iowa from 2006 to 2016. We mapped otter harvest locations at the subwatershed level (also called 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code or HUC-12). We related otter harvest to land cover variables and predicted otter abundance by land cover type. We found that roads, forests, larger waterways, and Ictaluridae (catfish) presence were negatively correlated with otter harvest. Variables positively correlated with otter harvest were areas with greater land cover diversity, wetland patch density, average stream density, and waterway and wetland areas. The land cover model predicted otters in equal or greater numbers than the harvest data in 62.8% of HUC-12s. The areas of greatest otter abundance estimates were located near recreation areas and urban areas, indicating the underutilization of these heavy-trafficked areas by trappers. Areas of fewer predicted otters were not concentrated in a single area of the state but occurred along the Interstate 80 corridor.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1543","usgsCitation":"Nixon, B., Evelsizer, V., and Klaver, R.W., 2024, Evaluating habitat use and relative abundance of Iowa's river otter with harvest data: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 48, no. 3, e1543, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1543.","productDescription":"e1543, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155037","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nixon, Bridget A.","contributorId":348634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nixon","given":"Bridget A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evelsizer, Vince","contributorId":348636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evelsizer","given":"Vince","affiliations":[{"id":24495,"text":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70258302,"text":"70258302 - 2024 - MTAB 109, September 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T14:52:37.164749","indexId":"70258302","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T09:50:03","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13451,"text":"Memo to All Banders (MTAB)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"MTAB 109, September 2024","docAbstract":"This Memo to All Banders (MTAB 109) was released in September 2024. Subjects in this this memo are 1. The Chief’s Chirp; 2. Alerts – Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and reminder that banders cannot submit data through Bandit, only manage data; 3. Staff updates – meeting reports; 4. News – Preserving 40+ years of legacy bird banding data and the BBL walks the walk for bird collisions; 5. A note from the permitting shelves – double check your authorizations; 6. A note from the supply room – remove rejected band transfers from the Portal, and a note on size 7A rivet bands; 7. Data management – taxa that include formerly recognize species and NABBP database species changes update; 8. Banding and encounter highlights; 9. Auxiliary marker corner – submit your data!; 10. Message to the Flyways - Gamebirds, Summer Flyways Council Meetings, and species code reminders; 11. Moments in history – a note on AOS Renaming; 12. Upcoming events; 13. Recent Publications; and 14. Request for information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Harvey, K., and McKay, J.L., 2024, MTAB 109, September 2024: Memo to All Banders (MTAB), 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170295","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":433680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/media/files/mtab-109-September-2024","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Kyra 0000-0003-4781-1874","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-1874","contributorId":296250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Kyra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8893-0231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-0231","contributorId":296562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70258356,"text":"70258356 - 2024 - Onset and tempo of ignimbrite flare-up volcanism in the eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southern New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T16:12:57.774325","indexId":"70258356","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T09:39:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Onset and tempo of ignimbrite flare-up volcanism in the eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southern New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"The Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up (40–18 Ma) generated multiple volcanic fields in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico resulting from asthenospheric mantle upwelling after removal of the Farallon slab. The correlation of tuffs to one another and to source calderas within these volcanic fields is essential for determining spatiotemporal patterns in volcanism and magma geochemistry, which have been used to deduce migration of the Farallon slab at depth and associated mantle melting. However, the correlation of Eocene–Oligocene tuffs in the southwestern U.S. is difficult because of post-emplacement erosion and faulting. This study focuses on spatiotemporal patterns of the initial episode of ignimbrite flare-up activity (ca. 36.5–33.8 Ma) in the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field in south-central New Mexico, USA. We show that alkali feldspar major and trace element geochemistry is an effective tool for correlating tuffs when combined with high-precision, single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and bulk-rock geochemistry. Using these data, we correlate several tuff units and differentiate other tuffs that have the same eruption age but very different geochemistry, and we conclude that there was a broadly northwestward migration in volcanism over time. The new tuff correlations are used to investigate spatiotemporal variations in magma geochemistry, erupted volumes, and recurrence intervals during the initial episode of Mogollon-Datil volcanic field volcanism. Early-erupted tuffs restricted to the eastern Mogollon-Datil volcanic field share similarities with western U.S. topaz rhyolites, which suggests that the silicic magmas were generated by partial melting of mafic lower crustal rocks. We also find differences in the compositions, crystallinities, and mineral assemblages between the early- and late-erupted tuffs. The early-erupted tuffs tend to have single-feldspar mineralogies, lower feldspar Or contents, large negative Eu anomalies, and low-whole–rock Ba concentrations. Conversely, late-erupted tuffs have two feldspar plus quartz assemblages, lesser Eu anomalies, higher whole-rock Ba concentrations, and feldspars have higher Or contents. Thus, we suggest that for some of the early eruptions, after magmas underwent crystal fractionation in the crust, the silicic melt largely separated from the crystalline mush prior to eruption, whereas late-erupted tuff magmas underwent crystal fractionation at near the eutectic minimum and were remobilized and erupted with a larger proportion of their crystalline mush. Using our new ages, correlations, and previously published data, we find that the initial phase of Mogollon-Datil volcanic field volcanism produced at least 15 eruptions between 36.5 Ma and 33.8 Ma, with a minimum total erupted volume of ~1350 km3 and an average recurrence interval of 170 k.y. However, eruptions were generally smaller in volume (most <15 km3) than in other coeval fields, and most eruptions (n = 11) occurred in the first 1.2 m.y. (ca. 36.5–35.3 Ma) of activity. Altogether, our work sheds new light on variations in the composition, timing, and migration of volcanism during the initial phase of Mogollon-Datil volcanic field activity and highlights the utility of feldspar geochemistry in both “fingerprinting” tuffs and elucidating magma evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02698.1","usgsCitation":"Vermillion, K.B., Johnson, E.R., Amato, J.M., Heizler, M.T., and Lente, J., 2024, Onset and tempo of ignimbrite flare-up volcanism in the eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southern New Mexico, USA: Geosphere, v. 20, no. 5, p. 1364-1389, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02698.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1389","ipdsId":"IP-155176","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02698.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"eastern and central Mogollon-Datil volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.333,\n 33.333\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 32.333\n ],\n [\n -106.333,\n 32.333\n ],\n [\n -106.333,\n 33.333\n ],\n [\n -108.333,\n 33.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vermillion, Karissa B.","contributorId":344167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermillion","given":"Karissa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36391,"text":"University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Emily Renee 0000-0002-7967-6913","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-6913","contributorId":269628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"Renee","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amato, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":247883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amato","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49682,"text":"Dept of Geolgical Sciences, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heizler, Matthew T.","contributorId":184261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lente, Jenna","contributorId":344168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lente","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82311,"text":"Waste Isolation Pilot Plant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262793,"text":"70262793 - 2024 - Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors of salmonid predation in a tidal freshwater delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T15:34:03.423513","indexId":"70262793","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T09:26:07","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic and environmental risk factors of salmonid predation in a tidal freshwater delta","docAbstract":"Climate change is leading to global increases in extreme events, such as drought, that threaten the persistence of freshwater biodiversity. Identification and management of drought refuges, areas that promote resistance and resilience to drought, will be critical for preserving and recovering aquatic biodiversity in the face of climate change and increasing human water use. Although several reviews have addressed the effects of droughts and highlighted the role of refuges, a need remains on how to identify functional refuges that can be used in a drought management framework to support fish assemblages. We synthesize literature on drought refuges and propose a framework to identify and manage functional refuges that incorporate species physiological tolerances, behaviours and life-history strategies. Stream pools, perennial reaches and off-channel habitat were identified as important drought refuges for fish. The ability of refuges to improve species resistance and resilience to drought requires careful consideration of the biology of the target species and targeted management to promote persistence, quality and connectivity of refuges. Case studies illustrate that management of drought refuges can be challenging because of competing demands for water, incomplete knowledge of ecological requirements for target species and the increasing occurrence of multi-year droughts. Climate adaptation is increasingly important, and drought refuges can increase fish resistance and resilience to climate-related drought across the riverscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/faf.12860","usgsCitation":"Walters, A.W., Clancy, N., Archdeacon, T.P., Yu, S., Rogosch, J.S., and Reiger, E., 2024, Refuge identification as a climate adaptation strategy to promote fish persistence during drought: Fish and Fisheries, v. 25, no. 6, p. 997-1008, https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12860.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1008","ipdsId":"IP-154638","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12860","text":"External Repository"},{"id":492623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clancy, Niall G.","contributorId":279957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clancy","given":"Niall G.","affiliations":[{"id":28050,"text":"USU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archdeacon, Thomas P.","contributorId":317773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archdeacon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":69146,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service, New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 3800 Commons Ave, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87109, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yu, Songyan","contributorId":340707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Songyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogosch, Jane S. 0000-0002-1748-4991","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-4991","contributorId":317717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogosch","given":"Jane","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reiger, E.A.","contributorId":358384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiger","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70258621,"text":"70258621 - 2024 - Mantle melting in regions of thick continental lithosphere: Examples from Late Cretaceous and younger volcanic rocks, Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:37:46.120127","indexId":"70258621","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T07:03:58","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle melting in regions of thick continental lithosphere: Examples from Late Cretaceous and younger volcanic rocks, Southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA)","docAbstract":"Major- and trace-element data together with Nd and Sr isotopic compositions and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations were obtained for Late Cretaceous and younger volcanic rocks from north-central Colorado, USA, in the Southern Rocky Mountains to assess the sources of mantle-derived melts in a region underlain by thick (≥150 km) continental lithosphere. Trachybasalt to trachyandesite lava flows and volcanic cobbles of the Upper Cretaceous Windy Gap Volcanic Member of the Middle Park Formation have low εNd(t) values from −3.4 to −13, 87Sr/86Sr(t) from ~0.705 to ~0.707, high large ion lithophile element/high field strength element ratios, and low Ta/Th (≤0.2) values. These characteristics are consistent with the production of mafic melts during the Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic Laramide orogeny through flux melting of asthenosphere above shallowly subducting and dehydrating oceanic lithosphere of the Farallon plate, followed by the interaction of these melts with preexisting, low εNd(t), continental lithospheric mantle during ascent. This scenario requires that asthenospheric melting occurred beneath continental lithosphere as thick as 200 km, in accordance with mantle xenoliths entrained in localized Devonian-age kimberlites. Such depths are consistent with the abundances of heavy rare earth elements (Yb, Sc) in the Laramide volcanic rocks, which require parental melts derived from garnet-bearing mantle source rocks. New 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Rabbit Ears and Elkhead Mountains volcanic fields confirm that mafic magmatism was reestablished in this region ca. 28 Ma after a hiatus of over 30 m.y. and that the locus of volcanism migrated to the west through time. These rocks have εNd(t) and 87Sr/86Sr(t) values equivalent to their older counterparts (−3.5 to −13 and 0.7038–0.7060, respectively), but they have higher average chondrite-normalized La/Yb values (~22 vs. ~10), and, for the Rabbit Ears volcanic field, higher and more variable Ta/Th values (0.29–0.43). The latter are general characteristics of all other post– 40 Ma volcanic rocks in north-central Colorado for which literature data are available. Transitions from low to intermediate Ta/Th mafic volcanism occurred diachronously across southwest North America and are interpreted to have been a consequence of melting of continental lithospheric mantle previously metasomatized by aqueous fluids derived from the underthrusted Farallon plate. Melting occurred as remnants of the Farallon plate were removed and the continental lithospheric mantle was conductively heated by upwelling asthenosphere. A similar model can be applied to post–40 Ma magmatism in north-central Colorado, with periodic, east to west, removal of stranded remnants of the Farallon plate from the base of the continental lithospheric mantle accounting for the production, and western migration, of volcanism. The estimated depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in north-central Colorado (~150 km) indicates that the lithosphere remains too thick to allow widespread melting of upwelling asthenosphere even after lithospheric thinning in the Cenozoic. The preservation of thick continental lithospheric mantle may account for the absence of oceanic-island basalt–like basaltic volcanism (high Ta/Th values of ~1 and εNd[t] > 0), in contrast to areas of southwest North America that experienced larger-magnitude extension and lithosphere thinning, where oceanic-island basalt–like late Cenozoic basalts are common.
Migratory shorebirds are one of the fastest declining groups of North American avifauna. Yet, relatively little is known about how these species select habitat during migration. We explored the habitat selection of Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Calidris subruficollis) during spring and fall migration through the Texas Coastal Plain, a major stopover region for this species. Using tracking data from 118 birds compiled over 4 years, we found Buff-breasted Sandpipers selected intensively managed crops such as sod and short-stature crop fields, but generally avoided rangeland and areas near trees and shrubs. This work supports prior studies that also indicate the importance of short-stature vegetation for this species. Use of sod and corn varied by season, with birds preferring sod in spring, and avoiding corn when it is tall, but selecting for corn in fall after harvest. This dependence on cropland in the Texas Coastal Plain is contrary to habitat use observed in other parts of their non-breeding range, where rangelands are used extensively. The species' almost complete reliance on a highly specialized crop, sod, at this critical stopover site raises concerns about potential exposure to contaminants as well as questions about whether current management practices are providing suitable conditions for migratory grassland birds.
Research efforts focusing on salmonid populations have highlighted the need to better understand demographic parameters for the fry and parr life stages. Monitoring these small fish presents a challenge because negative effects from handling and tagging can bias subsequent parameter estimates. Removal models and associated sampling designs represent one class of mark-recapture models with potential to be applied to very small juvenile salmon, yet existing methods associated with removal studies are not well-suited for all study environments. For example, populations residing in large storage reservoirs may yield low capture probabilities when subjected to removal sampling, making unbiased estimation of survival using traditional removal models difficult. To address this limitation, we developed a sampling design and associated model using parentage-based tagging in hatchery-raised juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to estimate survival over a 2-year study period in a large storage reservoir in western Oregon, USA. Individual fish were identified to family groups, serving as replicate batch marks in a robust design removal model framework. Results from a simulation suggested that parameter estimates were unbiased even at very low capture probabilities, although the use of model constraints (i.e., covariates or constant parameter values) was necessary to achieve this. Model fitting to field data supported a trend in survival over time, with survival increasing with time since release in the first study year but decreasing in the second.
Many river systems within the Central Valley of California have been disconnected from their floodplains, hypothesized to be partially responsible for declining Chinook salmon populations (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The primary floodplain of the system, Yolo By-Pass (known regionally as “Yolo Bypass”), offered an opportunity to examine whether improved connectivity between the floodplain and river could limit negative climate change effects on salmon populations. Specifically, the top of the floodplain (Fremont Weir) is being modified to provide Sacramento River Chinook salmon better access to floodplain rearing habitat. We estimated restoration effects on the Yolo By-Pass flood regime now and under future climate scenarios using flow rating curves. Additionally, we used temperature and flow-specific effects on Chinook salmon population dynamics within the Yolo By-Pass and Sacramento River complex to describe how the restoration project and climate change may interact to affect juvenile Chinook salmon biomass production. Our results indicate that the Fremont Weir restoration project will extend the frequency, timing, and duration of Yolo By-Pass flooding. Our production model indicates that the modification will result in greater salmon entrainment rates into the Yolo By-Pass, where salmon growth rates, survival rates, and biomass production were higher when compared to the Sacramento River main stem. The project appears to benefit all regional runs of Chinook salmon, which should help support life history diversity. Our results suggest that the weir modification should benefit native fish from the Central Valley that use floodplain habitat and that these benefits may be resilient to challenges created by a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.14238","usgsCitation":"Huntsman, B., Wulff, M.L., Knowles, N., Sommer, T., Feyrer, F.V., and Brown, L., 2024, Estimating the benefits of floodplain restoration to juvenile Chinook salmon in the upper San Francisco Estuary, United States, under future climate scenarios: Restoration Ecology, v. 32, no. 7, e14238, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14238.","productDescription":"e14238, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158338","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of the San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13752201242781,\n 39.188983094023286\n ],\n [\n -122.13752201242781,\n 37.97745123814863\n ],\n [\n -120.86565837551663,\n 37.97745123814863\n ],\n [\n -120.86565837551663,\n 39.188983094023286\n ],\n [\n -122.13752201242781,\n 39.188983094023286\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntsman, Brock M.","contributorId":288215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntsman","given":"Brock M.","affiliations":[{"id":27575,"text":"NMSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wulff, Marissa L. 0000-0003-0121-9066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-9066","contributorId":229534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"Marissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":206338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sommer, Ted","contributorId":256830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sommer","given":"Ted","affiliations":[{"id":37342,"text":"California Department of Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick V. 0000-0003-1253-2349 ffeyrer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":178379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","email":"ffeyrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0003-2272-554X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-554X","contributorId":303111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry R.","affiliations":[{"id":65665,"text":"USGS - deceased","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274782,"text":"70274782 - 2024 - Winter is not coming: Evaluating impacts of changing winter conditions on coregonine reproductive phenology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T15:38:25.922661","indexId":"70274782","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17451,"text":"International Journal of Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter is not coming: Evaluating impacts of changing winter conditions on coregonine reproductive phenology","docAbstract":"Fishes in northern latitude lakes are at risk from climate-induced warming because the seasonality in water temperature is degrading, which can change ecosystem properties and the phenology of life-history events. Temperature-dependent embryo development models were developed for a group of cold, stenothermic fishes (Salmonidae Coregoninae) to assess the potential impacts of climate-induced changes in water temperature on cisco (Coregonus artedi) from two populations in Lake Superior (Apostle Islands [USA] and Thunder Bay [Canada]) and one in Lake Ontario (USA), vendace (C. albula) in Lake Southern Konnevesi (Finland), and European whitefish (C. lavaretus) in lakes Southern Konnevesi, Constance (Germany), Geneva (France), and Annecy (France). Water temperatures for each study group were simulated and changes in reproductive phenology across historic (1900–2006) and three future climatic-warming scenarios (2007–2099) were investigated. Models predicted that increases in water temperatures are likely to cause delayed spawning, shorter embryo incubation durations, and earlier larval hatching. Relative changes increased as warming scenarios increased in severity and were higher for littoral as compared to pelagic populations. Our simulations demonstrated that slower cooling in the autumn and (or) more rapid warming in spring can translate into substantial changes in the reproductive phenology of coregonines among our study groups. We expect that the changes in reproductive phenology predicted by our models, in the absence of thermal or behavioral adaptation, will have negative implications for population sustainability.
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2024 - Terrebonne Basin northern Gulf of Mexico, 30 July-28 September 2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T15:48:34.350034","indexId":"70261211","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-08T09:45:28","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19843,"text":"Preliminary Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Terrebonne Basin northern Gulf of Mexico, 30 July-28 September 2023","docAbstract":"In the summer and fall of 2023, the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Hydrate Coring Expedition (UT-GOM2-2) drilled, cored, made downhole measurements, and analyzed samples from the seafloor to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone in one location (Site H, WR313) in the Terrebonne basin, deepwater Gulf of Mexico.
Analyses of data and samples from the expedition will inform biological, geochemical, and geomechanical models to constrain the role of gas hydrates in the carbon cycle and the potential for gas hydrates as an energy resource. Pressure and conventional cores were collected continuously to a depth of 155.1 meters below the seafloor (mbsf). At deeper depths, cores were taken periodically from hydrate-bearing sands and their bounding muds to a total depth of 861.3 mbsf. 162.6 m of conventional core and 54.8 m of pressure core were obtained.
Twelve temperature measurements were made between 27.1 and 144.5 mbsf to determine the geothermal gradient. At the seafloor, more than 4 m of sandy silt of unknown origin was encountered. Beneath this sand, to a depth of ~200 mbsf, the section was composed of interbedded mud and biogenic carbonate ooze. The biogenic ooze correlated to low density and high porosity intervals observed in the previously acquired logging while drilling (LWD) data and as measured. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy constrains the entire record to the Pleistocene (< 0.91 million years) with a pronounced increase in sedimentation rate with depth. Beneath 200 mbsf, the section was predominantly composed of mud with two thicker, hydrate-bearing coarse-grained intervals, which are commonly known as the Blue and Orange sands.
The dissolved gas concentration was quantified from pressure cores. In the shallow section, dissolved methane concentration increased below the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) and reaches saturation (the limit of solubility for methane) at 147 mbsf. Gas expansion was very common in conventional and depressurized pressure (conventionalized) cores below the SMTZ.
At deeper depths, the methane concentration within muds bounding the Blue and Orange reservoirs was generally found to be less than saturation. The dissolved and hydrate gas composition is consistent with a microbial source, containing greater than 99.99% methane and only trace concentrations of ethane, propane, and butane. The methane to ethane ratio (C1/C2) and the methane to ethane plus propane (C1/(C2+C3)) decrease with depth down to at least 678 mbsf, mainly driven by the increase in ethane with depth. It is unclear if this trend continues through the Orange sand interval. The δ13C isotopic signature of methane ranges between -69.9 and -78.5 ‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB).
Pressure core recovery of all sandy intervals was poor. However, pressure core logs of the Orange sand show intervals of low density and high velocity, which are indicative of high hydrate saturation. One core from within the Orange sand was composed of interbedded graded sandy silt and mud. The sandy silts from this core are composed of mainly quartz and feldspar with some lithics. Most of the recovered pressure core samples are maintained at near in-situ pressure and temperature (within the hydrate stability field) at the University of Texas Pressure Core Center awaiting analysis.
In the shallow section, samples will be used to determine the flux of organic carbon through the basin system, find the rate at which that carbon was consumed, and understand the microbial population responsible for these processes. In the deeper section, samples from in and around the hydrate reservoirs will be used to determine the petrophysical properties of the reservoir and bounding seals in these systems.
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We evaluated ecosystem service synergies and tradeoffs associated with habitat change for three coastal habitat types using scenario outputs from the birdwatching model and published results on Delta soil carbon accumulation and fishery production. The highest-ranked birdwatching models explained 88 % of the deviance and showed that visitation was greatest in winter months when distance to major cities was approximately 20 km. Recreational birdwatching increased with increasing area of forested wetland, emergent wetland, aquatic vegetation bed, open access, and total estuary. With increasing forested and emergent wetland area, recreational birdwatching, out-migrating juvenile Chinook salmon weight and soil carbon accumulation all increased. With increasing aquatic vegetation bed (resulting from sea level rise), recreational birdwatching increased, but salmon weight and soil carbon accumulation decreased. We identified practical ways in which ecosystem services may be incorporated into adaptive management frameworks that support climate adaptation decision making. This study illustrated how use of ecosystem services can help managers make decisions that have greater benefit for wildlife and people, communicate the societal value of decisions and increase local support and participation.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 516
Reston, VA 20192
Email: casc@usgs.gov
Stable isotope data have made pivotal contributions to nearly every discipline of the physical and natural sciences. As the generation and application of stable isotope data continues to grow exponentially, so does the need for a unifying data repository to improve accessibility and promote collaborative engagement. This paper provides an overview of the design, development, and implementation of IsoBank, a community-driven initiative to create an open-access repository for stable isotope data implemented online in 2021. A central goal of IsoBank is to provide a web-accessible database supporting interdisciplinary stable isotope research and educational opportunities. To achieve this goal, we convened a multi-disciplinary group of over 40 analytical experts, stable isotope researchers, database managers, and web developers to collaboratively design the database. This paper outlines the main features of IsoBank and provides a focused description of the core metadata structure. We present plans for future database and tool development and engagement across the scientific community. These efforts will help facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration among the many users of stable isotopic data while also offering useful data resources and standardization of metadata reporting across eco-geoinformatics landscapes.
Objective
In many Great Plains rivers, functional turnover—the change in proportional dominance of members in biological communities that fill certain ecological roles—has occurred due to impoundment and habitat alteration. The Powder River of Montana and Wyoming remains one of the few unregulated prairie rivers, but long-term monitoring is limited, so we analyzed changes over time at the functional, assemblage, and species levels.
Methods
We used fish sampling data from 43 different sources collected from 1893 to 2022 to analyze trends in fish communities.
Result
Across the main-stem Powder River, Sand Shiner Miniellus stramineus and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus substantially increased in abundance, whereas Sturgeon Chub Macrhybopsis gelida decreased. While most other species did not show significant changes in relative abundance (although the always rare Lake Chub Couesius plumbeus may have been extirpated), significant functional turnover occurred in the upper river due to increases in generalist feeders, predators, omnivores, and cavity-guarding species, with declines in benthic feeders, invertivores, and pelagic broadcast spawners, among others. Community and functional changes were more substantial in the upper river than in the lower river, possibly due to augmented streamflow from a major tributary.
Conclusion
Functional turnover within the upper river was substantial despite the relative stability of most individual species, even when the Sand Shiner—the most significantly increasing species—was excluded from analysis. This suggests small but consistent increases and decreases within functional groups, which cumulatively are likely impacting the ecosystem. We hypothesize a complex set of mechanisms causing these changes that offer avenues for future work. The collation of data from disparate studies and the resampling of even a limited number of historical fish collection locations can greatly aid in identifying potential fish community changes in systems where monitoring is limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10479","usgsCitation":"Clancy, N., McFarland, J., Ahern, M., and Walters, A.W., 2024, Functional turnover in a prairie-river fish community over 130 years: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 153, no. 5, p. 525-540, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10479.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"540","ipdsId":"IP-160072","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10479","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.47539172686184,\n 46.90930172134972\n ],\n [\n -107.47539172686184,\n 43.10755581226584\n ],\n [\n -105.58412934297272,\n 43.10755581226584\n ],\n [\n -105.58412934297272,\n 46.90930172134972\n ],\n [\n -107.47539172686184,\n 46.90930172134972\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clancy, Niall G.","contributorId":354901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clancy","given":"Niall G.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, Jonathan A.","contributorId":354902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFarland","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahern, Megan G.","contributorId":354904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahern","given":"Megan G.","affiliations":[{"id":37636,"text":"Salish Kootenai College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}