{"pageNumber":"161","pageRowStart":"4000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70044255,"text":"70044255 - 2012 - Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:15:38","indexId":"70044255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models","docAbstract":"In light of mounting empirical evidence that planetary warming is well underway, the climate research community looks to palaeoclimate research for a ground-truthing measure with which to test the accuracy of future climate simulations. Model experiments that attempt to simulate climates of the past serve to identify both similarities and differences between two climate states and, when compared with simulations run by other models and with geological data, to identify model-specific biases. Uncertainties associated with both the data and the models must be considered in such an exercise. The most recent period of sustained global warmth similar to what is projected for the near future occurred about 3.3–3.0 million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch. Here, we present Pliocene sea surface temperature data, newly characterized in terms of level of confidence, along with initial experimental results from four climate models. We conclude that, in terms of sea surface temperature, models are in good agreement with estimates of Pliocene sea surface temperature in most regions except the North Atlantic. Our analysis indicates that the discrepancy between the Pliocene proxy data and model simulations in the mid-latitudes of the North Atlantic, where models underestimate warming shown by our highest-confidence data, may provide a new perspective and insight into the predictive abilities of these models in simulating a past warm interval in Earth history. This is important because the Pliocene has a number of parallels to present predictions of late twenty-first century climate.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1455","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Robinson, M.M., Haywood, A.M., Hill, D.J., Dolan, A.M., Stoll, D.K., Chan, W., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chandler, M.A., Rosenbloom, N.A., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Bragg, F.J., Lunt, D.J., Foley, K.M., and Riesselman, C., 2012, Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models: Nature Climate Change, v. 2, p. 365-371, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1455.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-036067","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011360","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270689,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1455"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653864e4b077fa94dadf72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Daniel J.","contributorId":80993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dolan, Aisling M.","contributorId":30117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Aisling","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stoll, Danielle K.","contributorId":88236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chan, Wing-Le","contributorId":94941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Wing-Le","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Abe-Ouchi, Ayako","contributorId":94942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abe-Ouchi","given":"Ayako","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chandler, Mark A.","contributorId":101768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rosenbloom, Nan A.","contributorId":104788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbloom","given":"Nan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.","contributorId":85022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto-Bliesner","given":"Bette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bragg, Fran J.","contributorId":97793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Fran","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lunt, Daniel J.","contributorId":101168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Riesselman, Christina R.","contributorId":42501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riesselman","given":"Christina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70043478,"text":"70043478 - 2012 - Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T21:38:23","indexId":"70043478","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Among numerous anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial landscapes, expanding transportation networks represent one of the primary challenges to wildlife conservation worldwide. Larger mammals may be particularly vulnerable because of typically low densities, low reproductive rates, and extensive movements. Although numerous studies have been conducted to document impacts of road networks on wildlife, inference has been limited because of experimental design limitations. During the last decade, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) rerouted and upgraded sections of United States Highway 64 between Raleigh and the Outer Banks to a 4-lane, divided highway. A new route was selected for a 24.1-km section in Washington County. The new section of highway included 3 wildlife underpasses with adjacent wildlife fencing to mitigate the effects of the highway on wildlife, particularly American black bears (Ursus americanus). We assessed the short-term impacts of the new highway on spatial ecology, population size, survival, occupancy, and gene flow of black bears. We tested our research hypotheses using a before-after control-impact (BACI) study design. We collected data during 2000–2001 (preconstruction phase) and 2006–2007 (postconstruction phase) in the highway project area and a nearby control area (each approx. 11,000 ha), resulting in 4 groups of data (i.e., pre- or postconstruction study phase, treatment or control area). We captured and radiocollared 57 bears and collected 5,775 hourly locations and 4,998 daily locations. Using mixed-model analysis of variance and logistic regression, we detected no differences in home ranges, movement characteristics, proximity to the highway alignment, or habitat use between the 2 study phases, although minimum detectable effect sizes were large for several tests. However, after completion of the new highway, bears on the treatment area became less inactive in morning, when highway traffic was low, compared with bears on the control area (F<sub>1, 43</sub> = 6.05, P = 0.018). We used DNA from hair samples to determine if population size and site occupancy decreased following highway construction. For each study phase, we collected black bear hair from 70 hair snares on each study area during 7 weekly sampling periods and generated genotypes using 10 microsatellite loci. We used the multilocus genotypes to obtain capture histories for 226 different bears and used capture-mark-recapture models to estimate population size. Model-averaged estimates of population size decreased on the treatment area from 87.7 bears before construction to 31.6 bears after construction (64% reduction) and on the control area from 163.6 bears to 108.2 bears (34% reduction). Permutation procedures indicated this reduction was proportionally greater for the treatment area (P = 0.086). We also applied a spatially explicit capture-recapture technique to test our research hypothesis. The model with the most support indicated a greater change in density on the treatment area (69% reduction) compared with the control area (24% reduction). We did not observe a treatment effect based on survival of radiocollared bears. We used bear visits to hair snares as detections in multi-season occupancy models and found that occupancy decreased more on the treatment area (preconstruction: Ψ = 0.84; postconstruction: Ψ = 0.44; 48% decline) than the control area (preconstruction: Ψ = 0.91; postconstruction: Ψ = 0.81; 11% decline), primarily as a function of a greater probability of site extinctions (ε) on the treatment area (ε = 0.57) than the control area (ε = 0.17). Finally, individual- and population-based analyses of contemporary gene flow did not indicate the highway was a barrier to movements. Black bear use of the 3 wildlife underpasses was infrequent (17 verified crossings based on remote cameras, track surveys, and telemetry). Only 4 of 8 bears with home ranges near the highway were documented crossing the highway (n = 36 crossings), of which 2 were killed in vehicle collisions. Six additional bears were killed in vehicle collisions from May 2007 to November 2008, after we completed field work. Harvest data indicated that hunting mortality alone could explain the population decline on the control area. On the treatment area, however, hunting mortality only accounted for an approximately 40% population decline; the additional 30% decline we observed likely was caused by other mortality. We speculate vehicle collisions were primarily responsible. We conclude that impacts of the new highway on resident black bears occurred at the population level, rather than the individual or genetic level, but that the impact was smaller than harvest mortality. Increased activity by remaining bears when traffic volumes were low indicated behavioral plasticity. Bear use of the underpasses seemed sufficient to maintain gene flow between areas north and south of the new highway. Effectiveness of wildlife underpasses to reduce mortality of black bears may be enhanced if mitigation includes continuous fencing between crossing structures. For small, isolated populations of threatened or endangered large mammals, the potential demographic impacts of highways are an essential consideration in the transportation planning process. Control of mortality factors and maintaining demographic connectivity are particularly important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/wmon.7","usgsCitation":"van Manen, F., McCollister, M.F., Nicholson, J.M., Thompson, L.M., Kindall, J.L., and Jones, M., 2012, Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina: Wildlife Monographs, v. 181, no. 1, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-026614","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268815,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"181","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372213e4b02ab8869c0036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Manen, Frank T.","contributorId":51172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCollister, Matthew F.","contributorId":107161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCollister","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholson, Jeremy M.","contributorId":6343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Laura M. 0000-0002-7884-6001 lthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":5366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","email":"lthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindall, Jason L.","contributorId":99441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindall","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Mark D.","contributorId":64119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042757,"text":"70042757 - 2012 - Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: implications for fault branching and seismic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T16:17:42","indexId":"70042757","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: implications for fault branching and seismic hazards","docAbstract":"The propagation of the rupture of the M<sub>w</sub>7.9 Denali fault earthquake from the central Denali fault onto the Totschunda fault has provided a basis for dynamic models of fault branching in which the angle of the regional or local prestress relative to the orientation of the main fault and branch plays a principal role in determining which fault branch is taken. GeoEarthScope LiDAR and paleoseismic data allow us to map the structure of the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection and evaluate controls of fault branching from a geological perspective. LiDAR data reveal the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection is structurally simple with the two faults directly connected. At the branch point, 227.2 km east of the 2002 epicenter, the 2002 rupture diverges southeast to become the Totschunda fault. We use paleoseismic data to propose that differences in the accumulated strain on each fault segment, which express differences in the elapsed time since the most recent event, was one important control of the branching direction. We suggest that data on event history, slip rate, paleo offsets, fault geometry and structure, and connectivity, especially on high slip rate-short recurrence interval faults, can be used to assess the likelihood of branching and its direction. Analysis of the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection has implications for evaluating the potential for a rupture to propagate across other types of fault intersections and for characterizing sources of future large earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008918","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., Haeussler, P.J., Seitz, G., and Dawson, T.E., 2012, Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: implications for fault branching and seismic hazards: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B11, B11304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008918.","productDescription":"B11304","ipdsId":"IP-032223","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270222,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008918"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3bce4b01197b08e9d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":17303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon G.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003946,"text":"70003946 - 2012 - Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T14:10:32.473227","indexId":"70003946","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","docAbstract":"At regional scales, the most important variables associated with diversity are latitudinally-based temperature and net primary productivity, although diversity is also influenced by habitat. We examined bird species richness, community density and community evenness in forests of eastern Connecticut to determine whether: 1) spatial and seasonal patterns exist in diversity, 2) energy explains the greatest proportion of variation in diversity parameters, 3) variation in habitat explains remaining diversity variance, and 4) seasonal shifts in diversity provide clues about how environmental variables shape communities. We sought to discover if our data supported predictions of the species–energy hypothesis. We used the variable circular plot technique to estimate bird populations and quantified the location, elevation, forest type, vegetation type, canopy cover, moisture regime, understory density and primary production for the study sites. We found that 1) summer richness and population densities are roughly equal in northeastern and southeastern Connecticut, whereas in winter both concentrate toward the coast, 2) variables linked with temperature explained much of the patterns in winter diversity, but energy-related variables showed little relationship to summer diversity, 3) the effect of habitat variables on diversity parameters predominated in summer, although their effect was weak, 4) contrary to theory, evenness increased from summer to winter, and 5) support for predictions of species–energy theory was primarily restricted to winter data. Although energy and habitat played a role in explaining community patterns, they left much of the variance in regional diversity unexplained, suggesting that a large stochastic component to diversity also may exist.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x","usgsCitation":"Craig, R., and Klaver, R.W., 2012, Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA: Ecography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 599-609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"609","ipdsId":"IP-021424","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.99 ], [ -73.73,42.05 ], [ -71.79,42.05 ], [ -71.79,40.99 ], [ -73.73,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe0e4b0d298e5434c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Robert J.","contributorId":79781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044143,"text":"70044143 - 2012 - Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T15:10:24.465116","indexId":"70044143","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T09:55:13","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for fieldtrips in Connecticut and Massachusetts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geological Society of America Meeting 2012: Northeast Section. 47th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Mar 17-20, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Hartford, CT","language":"English","publisher":"State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Wintsch, R.P., 2012, Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome, <i>in</i> Guidebook for fieldtrips in Connecticut and Massachusetts, Hartford, CT, Mar 17-20, 2012, p. D1-D16.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"D1","endPage":"D16","ipdsId":"IP-034720","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Geology/Guidebooks","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Lyme dome, Old Lyme quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              41.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              41.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.15,\n              41.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.15,\n              41.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              41.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wintsch, Robert P.","contributorId":39807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintsch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192274,"text":"70192274 - 2012 - Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T16:56:09.928533","indexId":"70192274","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp010\">The Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site in southeastern Pennsylvania, which features an Fe smelter that was operational in the 18th and 19th centuries, is dominated by three slag piles. Pile 1 slag, from the Hopewell Furnace, and pile 2 slag, likely from the nearby Cornwall Furnace, were both produced in cold-blast charcoal-fired smelters. In contrast, pile 3 slag was produced in an anthracite furnace. Ore samples from the nearby Jones and Hopewell mines that fed the smelter are mainly magnetite-rich with some sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite) and accessory silicates (quartz, garnet, feldspar, and clay minerals). Slag piles 1 and 2 are similar mineralogically containing predominantly skeletal and dendritic aluminian diopside and augite, skeletal forsteritic olivine, glass, rounded blebs of metallic Fe, and exotic quartz. Olivine is a major phase in all samples from pile 2, whereas it occurs in only a few samples from pile 1. Samples of the &lt;2&nbsp;mm-size fraction of surface composite slag material or crushed slag from at depth in piles 1 and 2 are mineralogically similar to the large surface slag fragments from those piles with the addition of phases such as feldspars, Fe oxides, and clay minerals that are either secondary weathering products or entrained from the underlying bedrock. Pile 3 slag contains mostly skeletal forsteritic olivine and Ti-bearing aluminian diopside, dendritic or fine-grained subhedral melilite, glass, euhedral spinel, metallic Fe, alabandite–oldhamite solid solution, as well as a sparse Ti carbonitride phase. The bulk chemistry of the slag is dominated by Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(8.5–16.2&nbsp;wt.%), CaO (8.2–26.2&nbsp;wt.%), MgO (4.2–24.7&nbsp;wt.%), and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(36.4–59.8&nbsp;wt.%), constituting between 81% and 97% of the mass of the samples. Piles 1 and 2 are chemically similar; pile 1 slag overall contains the highest Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O and MnO, and the lowest MgO concentrations. Pile 3 slag is high in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO and S, and low in Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>compared to the other piles. In general, piles 1 and 2 are chemically similar to each other, whereas pile 3 is distinct – a conclusion that reflects their mineralogy. The similarities and differences among piles in terms of mineralogy and major element chemistry result from the different smelting conditions under which the slag formed and include the fuel source, the composition of the ore and flux, the type of blast (cold versus hot), which affects the furnace temperature, and other beneficiation methods.</p><p id=\"sp015\">The three distinct slag piles at Hopewell are enriched in numerous trace elements, such as As (up to 12&nbsp;mg/kg), Cd (up to 0.4&nbsp;mg/kg), Co (up to 31.8&nbsp;mg/kg), Cu (up to 647&nbsp;mg/kg), Mn (up to 0.69&nbsp;wt.%), Pb (up to 172&nbsp;mg/kg) and Zn (up to 393&nbsp;mg/kg), together with Fe (13.9&nbsp;wt.%), when compared to the average for the continental crust, with the &lt;2&nbsp;mm-size fraction commonly containing the highest concentrations. Enrichments in various elements (e.g., Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) were also found in the ore samples. Despite these enrichments, comparison of bulk chemistry trace-element concentrations to the environmental guidelines suggests most elements are likely not problematic with the exception of As, Co, Fe and Mn. Leachate tests that simulate weathering indicate Fe (up to 973&nbsp;μg/L) and Mn (up to 133&nbsp;μg/L) are readily released in potentially harmful concentrations compared to secondary drinking water and some aquatic ecosystem toxicity criteria. Aluminum and Cu, although not high in the solid compared to environmental guidelines, also exceed relevant criteria in leachate extracts with maximum concentrations of 2700&nbsp;μg/L and 17.7&nbsp;μg/L, respectively. In contrast, As and Co, which are significant in the solids, are not leached in concentrations that exceed guidelines (i.e., 3&nbsp;μg/L or less for both elements). The weathering rates of the Fe metal and Fe oxides, which host Cu and some Fe, are likely higher than the silicate glass, which hosts the majority of Al, Mn and some Fe, and the crystalline silicates and spinels affecting which elements and how much are released into the environment and surrounding aquatic ecosystem. The mineral assemblages and their chemical composition, the bulk sample chemistry, and leachability of trace elements are all important components in understanding the potential environmental impacts of the slag piles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.011","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N.M., and Seal, R.R., 2012, Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 623-643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.011.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"643","ipdsId":"IP-030685","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.025634765625,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.025634765625,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              40.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193381,"text":"70193381 - 2012 - Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T13:26:33","indexId":"70193381","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","docAbstract":"<p>Contractions in the geographic distributions of the American marten ( Martes americana) and fi sher ( M. pennanti) in eastern North America south of the St. Lawrence River between Colonial times (ca. 1650–1800) and the fi sher’s recent range expansion (ca. 1930–present) are well documented, but causal factors in these range contractions have only partially been studied. Traditional explanations for range contractions by both species are forest clearing and unregulated trapping; little consideration has been given to alternative explanations. It has been hypothesized that deep snow limits the distribution of fi shers, and that high fi sher populations limit the distribution of martens. I assessed the potential contributions of these factors to observed range contractions for these species by evaluating expected patterns of change in their historical distributions since Colonial times. Using published data on the distribution of martens and fi shers in eastern North America, including early and contemporary fur-harvest records ( n = 60,702), I found that broad-scale changes in their geographic distributions in eastern North America were consistent with 3 of those expectations, and partially so with a 4th. I recognize that retrospective analyses cannot establish the relative importance of land clearing, unregulated trapping, and changing climatic conditions on observed range contractions; nevertheless, when historical data from eastern North America are viewed in the context of long-term climate warming and the results of recent ecological studies, they suggest that traditional arguments may only partially explain historical range contractions for both species. This study further suggests that under a warming climate, northern range boundaries for the fi sher will expand, and southern range boundaries for the American marten will continue to contract. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell University Press","isbn":"978-0-8014-5088-4","usgsCitation":"Krohn, W.B., 2012, Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and Conservation of Martens, Sables, and Fishers: A New Synthesis, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020008","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100360310"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.458984375,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.458984375,\n              52.696361078274485\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              52.696361078274485\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.251953125,\n              34.30714385628804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61053ee4b06e28e9c2551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohn, William B.","contributorId":28225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042221,"text":"sir20125285 - 2012 - Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surrounding the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:51:07","indexId":"sir20125285","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5285","title":"Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surrounding the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11","docAbstract":"<p>The freshwater zone of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer is used by residents of San Antonio and numerous other rapidly growing communities in south-central Texas as their primary water supply source. This freshwater zone is bounded to the south and southeast by a saline-water zone with an intermediate zone transitioning from freshwater to saline water, the transition zone. As demands on this water supply increase, there is concern that the transition zone could potentially move, resulting in more saline water in current supply wells. Since 1985, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), San Antonio Water System (SAWS), and other Federal and State agencies have conducted studies to better understand the transition zone.</p>\n<p>During 2010 and 2011, the USGS, in cooperation with SAWS, conducted a study to further assess the potential for movement of the transition zone in part of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer. Equivalent freshwater heads were computed to investigate the transition from saline to freshwater zones in the San Antonio segment and evaluate the potential for lateral flow at the freshwater/saline-water interface. Data were collected within and surrounding the transition zone from 13 wells in four transects (East Uvalde, Tri-County, Fish Hatchery, and Kyle).</p>\n<p>Hydraulic head and geophysical log data were used to calculate equivalent freshwater heads and then analyzed to identify possible horizontal gradients across the transition zone and thus flow. Unlike previous studies that used indirect methods to calculate fluid conductivity from fluid resistivity, in this study geophysical tools that directly measured fluid conductivity were used. Electromagnetic (EM) flowmeter logs were collected under both ambient and stressed (pumping) conditions and were processed to identify vertical flow zones within the borehole.</p>\n<p>The San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer (the study area) is about 175 miles long and extends from the western groundwater divide near Brackettville in Kinney County to the eastern groundwater divide near Kyle in Hays County. The four transects consist of two to five wells per transect and were configured approximately perpendicular to and across the expected trace of the freshwater/saline-water interface.</p>\n<p>The deep flow zone indicated by the EM flowmeter data for East Uvalde transect well EU2 corresponds directly with a large, negative deflection of the fluid logs, indicating an inflow of fresher water from the Devils River Limestone. To the southwest, towards the freshwater/saline-water interface, this same flow zone was observed in well EU1, but with a reduction of flow, and displayed no apparent fluid curve deflections.</p>\n<p>The highest observed transmissivity of the study area was observed in the saline zone of the Tri-County transect, at well TC3, which had a total transmissivity of 24,900 square feet per day. Zones of high transmissivity throughout the study site were observed to not be continuous and are likely caused by localized secondary porosity such as intersecting faults or karst features.</p>\n<p>Although analyses of daily mean equivalent freshwater heads for the East Uvalde transect indicated that the gradient across the freshwater/saline-water interface varied between into and out of the freshwater zone, the data indicate that there was a slightly longer period during which the gradient was out of the freshwater zone. Analyses of all daily mean equivalent freshwater heads for the Tri-County transect indicated that the lateral-head gradients across the freshwater/saline-water interface were typically mixed (not indicative of flow into or out of freshwater zone). Assessment of the daily mean equivalent freshwater heads indicated that, although the lateral-head gradient at the Kyle transect varied between into and out of the freshwater zone, the lateral-head gradient was typically from the transition zone into the freshwater zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Stanton, G.P., and Lambert, R.B., 2012, Borehole geophysical, fluid, and hydraulic properties within and surrounding the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer, south-central Texas, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5285, Report: viii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125285.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264903,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/pdf/sir2012-5285-app2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":264904,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/pdf/sir2012-5285-app3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":264905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5285.gif"},{"id":264902,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/downloads/sir2012-5285-app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":264900,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/"},{"id":264901,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5285/pdf/sir2012-5285.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County, Bexar County, Caldwell County, Comal County, Frio County, Guadalupe County, Hays County, Kinney County, Maverick County, Medina County, Travis County, Uvalde County, Wilson County, Zavala County","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.75,28.5 ], [ -100.75,30.25 ], [ -97.25,30.25 ], [ -97.25,28.5 ], [ -100.75,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe5e4b0a4aa5bb0ae90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042218,"text":"ofr20121260 - 2012 - Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T14:55:55","indexId":"ofr20121260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1260","title":"Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This study updates a stratigraphic cross section published as plate 2 in Kirschbaum and Hettinger (2004) Digital Data Series 69-G (<a data-mce-href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/\" href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-g/</a>). The datum is a marine/tidal ravinement surface within the Cozzette Sandstone Member of the Iles Formation and the Thompson Canyon Sandstone and Sulphur Canyon Sandstone Beds of the Neslen Formation. One of the cores shown was included on the original cross section, and new core descriptions have been added to the upper part of the cored interval. A new core description (S178) is included in this report. Cores are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey Core Research Facility at the Denver Federal Center, Colorado. The following information has also been added to help define the stratigraphic framework: 1) At least five claystones interpreted as altered volcanic ashes have been identified and may give future workers a correlation tool within the largely continental section. 2) Thickness and general geometry of the Sego Sandstone, Buck Tongue of the Mancos Shale, and Castlegate Sandstone have been added to provide additional stratigraphic context. 3) The geometry in the Sego Sandstone, Buck Tongue of the Mancos Shale, and Castlegate Sandstone has been added to provide additional stratigraphic context. 4) Ammonite collections are from Gill and Hail. The zone of Didymoceras nebrascense projected into the East Salt Wash area is based on correlation of the flooding surface at the base of the Cozzette Member to this point as shown in Kirschbaum and Hettinger. 5) A leaf locality of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science is shown in its approximate stratigraphic position near Thompson Canyon. 6) A dinosaur locality of the Natural History Museum of Utah is shown in the Horse Canyon area measured section at the stratigraphic position where it was extracted.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121260","usgsCitation":"Kirschbaum, M.A., and Spear, B.D., 2012, Stratigraphic cross section of measured sections and drill holes of the Neslen Formation and adjacent formations, Book Cliffs Area, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1260, 1 Sheet: 84.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121260.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 84.00 x 36.00 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1260.jpg"},{"id":264895,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1260/"},{"id":264896,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1260/OF2012-1260.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Books Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.99 ], [ -114.05,42.0 ], [ -102.04,42.0 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -114.05,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4d714e4b0e8fec6ce368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Brianne D.","contributorId":15657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Brianne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042217,"text":"sir20125262 - 2012 - Assessing potential effects of changes in water use with a numerical groundwater-flow model of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T13:48:13","indexId":"sir20125262","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5262","title":"Assessing potential effects of changes in water use with a numerical groundwater-flow model of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California","docAbstract":"Rapid growth and development within Carson Valley in Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California, has caused concern over the continued availability of groundwater, and whether the increased municipal demand could either impact the availability of water or result in decreased flow in the Carson River. Annual pumpage of groundwater has increased from less than 10,000 acre feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in the 1970s to about 31,000 acre-ft/yr in 2004, with most of the water used in agriculture. Municipal use of groundwater totaled about 10,000 acre-feet in 2000. In comparison, average streamflow entering the valley from 1940 to 2006 was 344,100 acre-ft/yr, while average flow exiting the valley was 297,400 acre-ft/yr. Carson Valley is underlain by semi-consolidated Tertiary sediments that are exposed on the eastern side and dip westward. Quaternary fluvial and alluvial deposits overlie the Tertiary sediments in the center and western side of the valley. The hydrology of Carson Valley is dominated by the Carson River, which supplies irrigation water for about 39,000 acres of farmland and maintains the water table less than 5 feet (ft) beneath much of the valley floor. Perennial and ephemeral watersheds drain the Carson Range and the Pine Nut Mountains, and mountain-front recharge to the groundwater system from these watersheds is estimated to average 36,000 acre-ft/yr. Groundwater in Carson Valley flows toward the Carson River and north toward the outlet of the Carson Valley. An upward hydraulic gradient exists over much of the valley, and artesian wells flow at land surface in some areas. Water levels declined as much as 15 ft since 1980 in some areas on the eastern side of the valley. Median estimated transmissivities of Quaternary alluvial-fan and fluvial sediments, and Tertiary sediments are 316; 3,120; and 110 feet squared per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d), respectively, with larger transmissivity values in the central part of the valley and smaller values near the valley margins. A groundwater-flow model of Quaternary and Tertiary sediments in Carson Valley was developed using MODFLOW and calibrated to simulate historical conditions from water years 1971 through 2005. The 35-year transient simulation represented quarterly changes in precipitation, streamflow, pumping and irrigation. Inflows to the groundwater system simulated in the model include mountain-front recharge from watersheds in the Carson Range and Pine Nut Mountains, valley recharge from precipitation and land application of wastewater, agricultural recharge from irrigation, and septic-tank discharge. Outflows from the groundwater system simulated in the model include evapotranspiration from the water table and groundwater withdrawals for municipal, domestic, irrigation and other water supplies. The exchange of water between groundwater, the Carson River, and the irrigation system was represented with a version of the Streamflow Routing (SFR) package that was modified to apply diversions from the irrigation network to irrigated areas as recharge. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated through nonlinear regression with UCODE to measured water levels and streamflow to estimate values of hydraulic conductivity, recharge and streambed hydraulic-conductivity that were represented by 18 optimized parameters. The aquifer system was simulated as confined to facilitate numerical convergence, and the hydraulic conductivity of the top active model layers that intersect the water table was multiplied by a factor to account for partial saturation. Storage values representative of specific yield were specified in parts of model layers where unconfined conditions are assumed to occur. The median transmissivity (<i>T</i>) values (11,000 and 800 ft<sup>2</sup>/d for the fluvial and alluvial-fan sediments, respectively) are both within the third quartile of <i>T</i> values estimated from specific-capacity data, but <i>T</i> values for Tertiary sediments are larger than the third quartile estimated from specific-capacity data. The estimated vertical anisotropy for the Quaternary fluvial sediments (9,000) is comparable to the value estimated for a previous model of Carson Valley. The estimated total volume of mountain-front recharge is equivalent to a previous estimate from the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) watershed models, but less recharge is estimated for the Carson Range and more recharge is estimated for the Pine Nut Mountains than the previous estimate. Simulated flow paths indicate that groundwater flows faster through the center of Carson Valley and slower through the lower hydraulic-conductivity Tertiary sediments to the east. Shallow flow in the center of the valley is towards drainage channels, but deeper flow is generally directed toward the basin outlet to the north. The aquifer system is in a dynamic equilibrium with large inflows from storage in dry years and large outflows to storage in wet years. Pumping has historically been less than 10 percent of outflows from the groundwater system, and agricultural recharge has been less than 10 percent of inflows to the groundwater system. Three principal sources of uncertainty that affect model results are: (1) the hydraulic characteristics of the Tertiary sediments on the eastern side of the basin, (2) the composition of sediments beneath the alluvial fans and (3) the extent of the confining unit represented within fluvial sediments in the center of the basin. The groundwater-flow model was used in five 55-year predictive simulations to evaluate the long-term effects of different water-use scenarios on water-budget components, groundwater levels, and streamflow in the Carson River. The predictive simulations represented water years 2006 through 2060 using quarterly stress periods with boundary conditions that varied cyclically to represent the transition from wet to dry conditions observed from water years 1995 through 2004. The five scenarios included a base scenario with 2005 pumping rates held constant throughout the simulation period and four other scenarios using: (1) pumping rates increased by 70 percent, including an additional 1,340 domestic wells, (2A) pumping rates more than doubled with municipal pumping increased by a factor of four over the base scenario, (2B) pumping rates of 2A with 2,040 fewer domestic wells, and (3) pumping rates of 2A with 3,700 acres removed from irrigation. The 55-year predictive simulations indicate that increasing groundwater withdrawals under the scenarios considered would result in as much as 40 ft and 60 ft of water-table decline on the west and east sides of Carson Valley, respectively. The water table in the central part of the valley would remain essentially unchanged, but water-level declines of as much as 30 ft are predicted for the deeper, confined aquifer. The increased withdrawals would reduce the volume of groundwater storage and decrease the mean downstream flow in the Carson River by as much as 16,500 acre-ft/yr. If, in addition, 3,700 acres were removed from irrigation, the reduction in mean downstream flow in the Carson River would be only 6,500 acre-ft/yr. The actual amount of flow reduction is uncertain because of potential changes in irrigation practices that may not be accounted for in the model. The projections of the predictive simulations are sensitive to rates of mountain-front recharge specified for the Carson Range and the Pine Nut Mountains. The model provides a tool that can be used to aid water managers and planners in making informed decisions. A prudent management approach would include continued monitoring of water levels on both the east and west sides of Carson Valley to either verify the predictions of the groundwater-flow model or to provide additional data for recalibration of the model if the predictions prove inaccurate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Maurer, D.K., and Mayers, C., 2012, Assessing potential effects of changes in water use with a numerical groundwater-flow model of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, and Alpine County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5262, x,  84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125262.","productDescription":"x,  84 p.","numberOfPages":"98","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5262.jpg"},{"id":264888,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5262/"},{"id":264889,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5262/pdf/sir2012-5262.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","county":"Alpine;Churchill;Douglas;Storey;Washoe","otherGeospatial":"Carson River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,38.25 ], [ -120.0,40.5 ], [ -118.0,40.5 ], [ -118.0,38.25 ], [ -120.0,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe1e4b0a4aa5bb0ae7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayers, C.J.","contributorId":17410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042089,"text":"70042089 - 2012 - Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-25T17:04:40","indexId":"70042089","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses","docAbstract":"Much is known about invertebrate community traits in basins across Europe, but no comprehensive description of traits exists for the continental US. Little is known about the trait composition of invertebrates in reference or least-disturbed basins of the US, how trait composition varies among ecoregions, or how consistently traits respond to land use. These elements are essential to development of trait-based tools for conservation and assessment of biological integrity. We compared invertebrate traits of least-disturbed basins among ecoregions of the US. Benthic invertebrate data (presence/absence) from 1987 basins were translated into 56 binary traits (e.g., bivoltine, clinger). Basins were classified as least-disturbed, agricultural, or urban, and grouped into 9 ecoregions. Landuse, climatic, physiographic, and hydrologic data were used to describe ecoregions and to evaluate least-disturbed basin quality. The unique habitat template of each ecoregion selected for trait compositions in least-disturbed basins that differed among ecoregions. Among the traits examined, life-history (e.g., voltinism, development) and ecological traits (e.g., rheophily, thermal preference) differed most among ecoregions. Agricultural and urban land uses selected for trait compositions that differed from least-disturbed, but the extent of the differences depended on ecoregion and quality of the least-disturbed basins. No trait compositions unique to specific land uses were found. However, a <i>disturbance syndrome</i> was observed in that the magnitude and direction of trait responses to urban and agricultural land uses were consistent among ecoregions. Each ecoregion had a unique trait composition, but trait compositions could be used to aggregate ecoregions into 3 broad regions: Western Mountains, Plains and Lowlands, and Eastern Highlands. Our results indicate that large-scale trait-based assessment tools for the US will require calibration to account for regional differences in the trait composition of basins and in the quality of least-disturbed basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1899/11-150.1","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R.E., and Schmidt, T., 2012, Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1042-1056, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-150.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1042","endPage":"1056","ipdsId":"IP-029576","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/11-150.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":264774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264772,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-150.1"},{"id":264773,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1899/11-150.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe7e4b0a4aa5bb0ae9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042046,"text":"sir20125259 - 2012 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009–10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-21T10:16:44","indexId":"sir20125259","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5259","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009–10","docAbstract":"During 2009 and 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Idaho National Laboratory Project Office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected quarterly, depth-discrete measurements of fluid pressure and temperature in nine boreholes located in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Each borehole was instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system consisting of a series of valved measurement ports, packer bladders, casing segments, and couplers. Multilevel monitoring at the Idaho National Laboratory has been ongoing since 2006. This report summarizes data collected from three multilevel monitoring wells installed during 2009 and 2010 and presents updates to six multilevel monitoring wells. Hydraulic heads (heads) and groundwater temperatures were monitored from 9 multilevel monitoring wells, including 120 hydraulically isolated depth intervals from 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface.\n\nQuarterly head and temperature profiles reveal unique patterns for vertical examination of the aquifer’s complex basalt and sediment stratigraphy, proximity to aquifer recharge and discharge, and groundwater flow. These features contribute to some of the localized variability even though the general profile shape remained consistent over the period of record. Major inflections in the head profiles almost always coincided with low-permeability sediment layers and occasionally thick sequences of dense basalt. However, the presence of a sediment layer or dense basalt layer was insufficient for identifying the location of a major head change within a borehole without knowing the true areal extent and relative transmissivity of the lithologic unit. Temperature profiles for boreholes completed within the Big Lost Trough indicate linear conductive trends; whereas, temperature profiles for boreholes completed within the axial volcanic high indicate mostly convective heat transfer resulting from the vertical movement of groundwater. Additionally, temperature profiles provide evidence for stratification and mixing of water types along the southern boundary of the Idaho National Laboratory.\n\nVertical head and temperature change were quantified for each of the nine multilevel monitoring systems. The vertical head gradients were defined for the major inflections in the head profiles and were as high as 2.1 feet per foot. Low vertical head gradients indicated potential vertical connectivity and flow, and large gradient inflections indicated zones of relatively low vertical connectivity. Generally, zones that primarily are composed of fractured basalt displayed relatively small vertical head differences. Large head differences were attributed to poor vertical connectivity between fracture units because of sediment layering and/or dense basalt. Groundwater temperatures in all boreholes ranged from 10.2 to 16.3˚C.\n\nNormalized mean hydraulic head values were analyzed for all nine multilevel monitoring wells for the period of record (2007-10). The mean head values suggest a moderately positive correlation among all boreholes, which reflects regional fluctuations in water levels in response to seasonality. However, the temporal trend is slightly different when the location is considered; wells located along the southern boundary, within the axial volcanic high, show a strongly positive correlation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., and Fisher, J.C., 2012, Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009–10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5259, Report: vii, 44 p.; Appendicies A-G, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125259.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; Appendicies A-G","numberOfPages":"56","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034180","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5259.jpg"},{"id":264695,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/"},{"id":264696,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppA.pdf"},{"id":264697,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259.pdf"},{"id":264698,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppC.pdf"},{"id":264699,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppB.pdf"},{"id":264700,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppD.pdf"},{"id":264701,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppE.pdf"},{"id":264702,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppF.pdf"},{"id":264703,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppG.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.25 ], [ -113.75,49.75 ], [ -112.25,49.75 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -113.75,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d49663e4b0c6073c901f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201641,"text":"70201641 - 2012 - Distribution of regional pressure in the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T10:49:12","indexId":"70201641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T15:55:36","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution of regional pressure in the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has created a comprehensive geopressure-gradient model of the regional pressure system spanning the onshore and offshore portions of the Gulf of Mexico, USA. The model was used to generate ten maps: five contour maps (Maps 1A - 5A) characterize the depth to the surface defined by the first occurrence of isopressure-gradients ranging from 0.60 psi/ft to 1.00 psi/ft, in 0.10-psi/ft increments, and five supporting maps (Maps 1B - 5B) display the spatial density of the data used to construct the isopressure-gradient maps. The boundary of the geopressure-gradient model represents the maximum extent of the calculated pressure-gradient data. The regional investigation, however, encompassed an area defined by the USGS Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System Boundary, and the availability of offshore data. A description of the geopressure-gradient model, including related mathematical derivations, the data-quality control methodology, linear pressure interpolation calculations, and contouring algorithms is provided by Burke et al. (in press [a]; in press [b]); these references, as well as a summary of the geopressure-gradient model, are supplied in the&nbsp;</span><a class=\"internal-link\" title=\"\" href=\"http://www.datapages.com/gis-map-publishing-program/gis-open-files/geographic/files/distributionregionalpressureburke.pdf\" target=\"_self\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.datapages.com/gis-map-publishing-program/gis-open-files/geographic/files/distributionregionalpressureburke.pdf\">online documentation</a><span>. &nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists ","usgsCitation":"Burke, L.A., Kinney, S.A., Dubiel, R.F., and Pitman, J.K., 2012, Distribution of regional pressure in the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA, Zip File.","productDescription":"Zip File","ipdsId":"IP-037050","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.datapages.com/gis-map-publishing-program/gis-open-files/geographic/distribution-of-regional-pressure-in-the-onshore-and-offshore-gulf-of-mexico-basin-usa"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.6904296875,\n              26.07652055985697\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.16552734375,\n              26.07652055985697\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.16552734375,\n              30.600093873550072\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6904296875,\n              30.600093873550072\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6904296875,\n              26.07652055985697\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1cb860e4b0708288c83838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri A. 0000-0002-2035-8048 lburke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":3859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","email":"lburke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70201692,"text":"70201692 - 2012 - Regional map of the 0.70 psi/ft pressure gradient and development of the regional geopressure-gradient model for the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:33:45","indexId":"70201692","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T10:53:32","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1717,"text":"GCAGS Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional map of the 0.70 psi/ft pressure gradient and development of the regional geopressure-gradient model for the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Characterization of the regional pressure system in the Gulf of Mexico basin is critical for assessing the occurrence of undiscovered petroleum resources, evaluating areas with potential pressure-related production, identifying potential pressure-related geohazard issues, evaluating hydrocarbon reservoir-seal integrity, and determining the feasibility of geological sequestration and long-term containment of fluids.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Studies","usgsCitation":"Burke, L.A., Kinney, S.A., Dubiel, R.F., and Pitman, J.K., 2012, Regional map of the 0.70 psi/ft pressure gradient and development of the regional geopressure-gradient model for the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA: GCAGS Journal, v. 1, p. 97-106.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-036210","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags-journal/data/001/001001/pdfs/97.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              28.091366281406945\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              28.091366281406945\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              31.615965936476076\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              31.615965936476076\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              28.091366281406945\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1e0a34e4b0708288cb022d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Lauri A. 0000-0002-2035-8048 lburke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-8048","contributorId":3859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Lauri","email":"lburke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042207,"text":"70042207 - 2012 - Genetic structure of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-13T21:24:49.247142","indexId":"70042207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic structure of lake whitefish, <i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron","title":"Genetic structure of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Genetic analysis of spawning lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) from six sites in the main basin of Lake Huron was conducted to determine population structure. Samples from fisheryindependent assessment surveys in the northwest main basin were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of lake whitefish genetic populations. Genetic population structure was identified using data from seven microsatellite DNA loci. One population was identified at Manitoulin Island, one to two were observed in the east-central main basin (Fishing Island and Douglas Point), and one to two populations were found in the northwest (Thunder Bay and Duncan Bay). The genetic identity of collections from Duncan Bay and Thunder Bay was not consistent among methods used to analyze population structure. Low genetic distances suggested that they comprised one population, but genic differences indicated that they may constitute separate populations. Simulated data indicated that the genetic origins of samples from a mixed-fishery could be accurately identified, but accuracy could be improved by incorporating additional microsatellite loci. Mixture analysis and individual assignment tests performed on mixed-stock samples collected from the western main basin suggested that genetic populations from the east-central main basin contributed less than those from the western main basin and that the proportional contribution of each baseline population was similar in each assessment sample. Analysis of additional microsatellite DNA loci may be useful to help improve the precision of the estimates, thus increasing our ability to manage and protect this valuable resource.","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/advlim/63/2012/241","usgsCitation":"Stott, W., Ebener, M.P., Mohr, L., Schaeffer, J., Roseman, E., Harford, W.J., Johnson, J.E., and Fietsch, C., 2012, Genetic structure of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron: Advances in Limnology, v. 63, p. 241-260, https://doi.org/10.1127/advlim/63/2012/241.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-014526","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, 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Wendylee","contributorId":8058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohr, Lloyd","contributorId":34001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohr","given":"Lloyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaeffer, Jeff 0000-0003-3430-0872 jschaeffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3430-0872","contributorId":2041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Jeff","email":"jschaeffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harford, William J.","contributorId":71078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harford","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fietsch, Cherie-Lee","contributorId":11088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fietsch","given":"Cherie-Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70041949,"text":"70041949 - 2012 - Contemporary seismicity in and around the Yakima-Fold-and-Thrust Belt in eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:51:07.660356","indexId":"70041949","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary seismicity in and around the Yakima-Fold-and-Thrust Belt in eastern Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined characteristics of routinely cataloged seismicity from 1970 to the present in and around the Yakima fold‐and‐thrust belt (YFTB) in eastern Washington to determine if the characteristics of contemporary seismicity provide clues about regional‐scale active tectonics or about more localized, near‐surface processes. We employed new structural and hydrologic models of the Columbia River basalts (CRB) and found that one‐third to one‐half of the cataloged earthquakes occur within the CRB and that these CRB earthquakes exhibit significantly more clustered, and swarmlike, behavior than those outside. These results and inferences from published studies led us to hypothesize that clustered seismicity is likely associated with hydrologic changes in the CRB, which hosts the regional aquifer system. While some general features of the regional groundwater system support this hypothesis, seismicity patterns and mapped long‐term changes in groundwater levels and present‐day irrigation neither support nor refute it. Regional tectonic processes and crustal‐scale structures likely influence the distribution of earthquakes both outside and within the CRB as well. We based this inference on qualitatively assessed alignments between the dominant northwest trends in the geologic structure and the seismicity generally and between specific faults and characteristics of the 2009 Wooded Island swarm and aseismic slip, which is the only cluster studied in detail and the most vigorous since regional monitoring began.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110065","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Sherrod, B., Trautman, M., Burns, E., and Snyder, D., 2012, Contemporary seismicity in and around the Yakima-Fold-and-Thrust Belt in eastern Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 1, p. 309-320, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110065.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"320","ipdsId":"IP-028004","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2152/43250","text":"External Repository"},{"id":264648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.431884765625,\n              46.0465484463062\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71276855468749,\n              46.0465484463062\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71276855468749,\n              47.212105775622426\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.431884765625,\n              47.212105775622426\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.431884765625,\n              46.0465484463062\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391c4e4b062c7914ebd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, B.","contributorId":98510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trautman, M.","contributorId":44059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, E. 0000-0002-1747-0506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":25434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snyder, Diane","contributorId":60388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041950,"text":"70041950 - 2012 - Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T15:04:59","indexId":"70041950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>)","docAbstract":"Non-breeding sooty shearwaters are the most abundant seabird in the California Current Large Marine\nEcosystem (CCLME) during boreal spring and summer months. This, combined with relatively great\nenergy demands, reliance on patchy, shoaling prey (krill, squid, and forage fishes), and unconstrained\nmobility free from central-place-foraging demands—make shearwaters useful indicators of ecosystem\nvariability. During 2008 and 2009, we used satellite telemetry to evaluate shearwater ranging patterns\nthroughout the CCLME and specifically within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) among birds captured\nat three locations: Columbia River Plume, WA; Monterey Bay, CA; and Santa Barbara Channel,\nCA. Shearwaters ranged throughout the entire CCLME from southeast Alaska to southern Baja California,\nMexico. Within the EEZ during 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 68% and 46% of time over the shelf\n(<200 m), 27% and 43% of time over the slope (200–1000 m), and 5% and 11% of time over the continental\nrise and abyssal regions (>1000 m), respectively. In 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 22% and 25% of\ntheir time in the EEZ within the five west coast National Marine Sanctuaries, respectively; high utilization\noccurred in non-sanctuary waters of the EEZ. Shearwater utilization distribution (based on the Brownianbridge\nmovement model) among sanctuaries was disproportionate according to sanctuary availability\n(based on area) within the EEZ. Shearwaters utilized the Monterey Bay sanctuary (2008, 2009) and the\nChannel Islands sanctuary (2009) disproportionately more than other sanctuaries. Although all five sanctuaries\nwere used by shearwaters, waters outside sanctuary zones appeared significantly more important\nand likely supported large aggregations of shearwaters. Utilization distributions among individual birds\nfrom three discrete capture locations were variable and revealed greater similarity in space-use sharing\nwithin capture-location groupings and during 2008 when shearwaters were more aggregated than in\n2009. We identified several regional ‘‘habitat hotspot’’ areas, including the Columbia River Plume, Cape\nBlanco, Monterey Bay, Estero/San Luis Obispo Bays, and the eastern Santa Barbara Channel through the\ninner Southern California Bight.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., MacLeod, C., Suryan, R., Hyrenbach, K.D., and Harvey, J.T., 2012, Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>): Biological Conservation, v. 156, p. 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"116","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029386","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264646,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Plume;Monterey Bay;Santa Barbara Channel","volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391dae4b062c7914ebda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Catriona","contributorId":33601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Catriona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyrenbach, K. David","contributorId":96173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyrenbach","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, James T.","contributorId":31631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041461,"text":"70041461 - 2012 - Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:45:42","indexId":"70041461","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","docAbstract":"The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and <sup>14</sup>C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) <sup>14</sup>C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470–1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470–1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4–6 km<sup>3</sup> ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4–6 km3. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Rose, T.R., Fiske, R.S., and McGeehin, J., 2012, Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 215-216, p. 8-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-028859","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"215-216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c59e4b08b071e771b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041464,"text":"70041464 - 2012 - Geologic map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:43:19.9327","indexId":"70041464","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA","docAbstract":"Kalaupapa Peninsula, along the northern coast of East Moloka‘i volcano, is a remarkably well-preserved example of rejuvenated-stage volcanism from a Hawaiian volcano. Mapping of lava flows, vents and other volcanic constructs reveals a diversity of landforms on this small monogenetic basaltic shield. The late-stage lava distributary system of this shield is dominated by a prominent lava channel and tube system emanating from the primary vent, Kauhakō crater. This system, along with several smaller examples, fed five prominent rootless vents downslope from Kauhakō. This map shows the subaerial part of this volcanic construct at 1:30,000 scale and encompasses an area of approximately 20.6 km<sup>2</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2012.716751","usgsCitation":"Okubo, C.H., 2012, Geologic map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA: Journal of Maps, v. 8, no. 3, p. 267-270, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.716751.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-037131","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.020111,21.126258 ], [ -157.020111,21.219701 ], [ -156.89266,21.219701 ], [ -156.89266,21.126258 ], [ -157.020111,21.126258 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5772e4b09e092d6f03dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okubo, Chris H. 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":140482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041732,"text":"ofr20121179 - 2012 - Gold deposits of the Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States--Age and origin of the major gold producers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T09:02:57","indexId":"ofr20121179","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1179","title":"Gold deposits of the Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States--Age and origin of the major gold producers","docAbstract":"Gold- and iron sulfide-bearing deposits of the southeastern United States have distinctive mineralogical and geochemical features that provide a basis for constructing models of ore genesis for exploration and assessment of gold resources. The largest (historic) deposits, in approximate million ounces of gold (Moz Au), include those in the Haile (~ 4.2 Moz Au), Ridgeway (~1.5 Moz Au), Brewer (~0.25 Moz Au), and Barite Hill (0.6 Moz Au) mines. Host rocks are Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic (~553 million years old) metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Carolina Slate Belt that share a geologic affinity with the classic Avalonian tectonic zone. The inferred syngenetic and epithermal-subvolcanic quartz-porphyry settings occur stratigraphically between sequences of metavolcanic rocks of the Persimmon Fork and Uwharrie Formations and overlying volcanic and epiclastic rocks of the Tillery and Richtex Formations (and regional equivalents). The Carolina Slate Belt is highly prospective for many types of gold ore hosted within quartz-sericite-pyrite altered volcanic rocks, juvenile metasedimentary rocks, and in associated shear zones. For example, sheared and deformed auriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits at Barite Hill, South Carolina, and in the Gold Hill trend, North Carolina, are hosted primarily by laminated mudstone and felsic volcanic to volcaniclastic rocks. The high-sulfidation epithermal style of gold mineralization at Brewer and low-sulfidation gold ores of the Champion pit at Haile occur in breccias associated with subvolcanic quartz porphyry and within crystal-rich tuffs, ash flows, and subvolcanic rhyolite. The Ridgeway and Haile deposits are primarily epithermal replacements and feeder zones within (now) metamorphosed crystal-rich tuffs, volcaniclastic sediments, and siltstones originally deposited in a marine volcanic-arc basinal setting. Recent discoveries in the region include (1) extensions of known deposits, such as at Haile where drilling has identified an extensive gold-rich feeder system; and (2) newly discovered prospects like the porphyry-style gold-copper-molybdenum occurrence reported at Deep River, N.C. Gold ores at Ridgeway and Haile represent the low-sulfidation, disseminated, shallow subaqueous tuffaceous equivalents of intrusion-related high-sulfidation ores such as those at Brewer. Haile also has mineralogical features that support a stockwork disseminated model of pyrite-gold-sericite mineralization in which a significant amount of ore was deposited in sediments at or near the surface. The potential is high for gold-rich ore at depth in the funnel-shaped feeder zones that likely underlie such surface variants of high sulfidation–low sulfidation epithermal systems and for new discoveries of similar deposits in areas undercover. Exploration strategies for large-scale gold-mineralizing systems applied to rocks of the Carolina Slate Belt, and by extension, the Carolinian-Avalonian tectonic zone of North America, benefit from applying subvolcanic and basinal epithermal models for gold mineralization.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121179","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., and Ayuso, R.A., 2012, Gold deposits of the Carolina Slate Belt, southeastern United States--Age and origin of the major gold producers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1179, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121179.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1179.gif"},{"id":263946,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1179/"},{"id":263947,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1179/pdf/ofr2012-1179.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina;South Carolina;Virginia;Georgia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85611e4b03bc63bd679a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041645,"text":"sir20125155 - 2012 - Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:07","indexId":"sir20125155","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5155","title":"Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The yield of bedrock wells in the fractured-bedrock aquifers of the Nashoba terrane and surrounding area, central and eastern Massachusetts, was investigated with analyses of existing data. Reported well yield was compiled for 7,287 wells from Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and U.S. Geological Survey databases. Yield of these wells ranged from 0.04 to 625 gallons per minute. In a comparison with data from 103 supply wells, yield and specific capacity from aquifer tests were well correlated, indicating that reported well yield was a reasonable measure of aquifer characteristics in the study area.\n\nStatistically significant relations were determined between well yield and a number of cultural and hydrogeologic factors. Cultural variables included intended water use, well depth, year of construction, and method of yield measurement. Bedrock geology, topography, surficial geology, and proximity to surface waters were statistically significant hydrogeologic factors. Yield of wells was higher in areas of granites, mafic intrusive rocks, and amphibolites than in areas of schists and gneisses or pelitic rocks; higher in valleys and low-slope areas than on hills, ridges, or high slopes; higher in areas overlain by stratified glacial deposits than in areas overlain by till; and higher in close proximity to streams, ponds, and wetlands than at greater distances from these surface-water features. Proximity to mapped faults and to lineaments from aerial photographs also were related to well yield by some measures in three quadrangles in the study area. Although the statistical significance of these relations was high, their predictive power was low, and these relations explained little of the variability in the well-yield data.\n\nSimilar results were determined from a multivariate regression analysis. Multivariate regression models for the Nashoba terrane and for a three-quadrangle subarea included, as significant variables, many of the cultural and hydrogeologic factors that were individually related to well yield, in ways that are consistent with conceptual understanding of their effects, but the models explained only 21 percent (regional model for the entire terrane) and 30 percent (quadrangle model) of the overall variance in yield. Moreover, most of the explained variance was due to well characteristics rather than hydrogeologic factors. Hydrogeologic factors such as topography and geology are likely important. However, the overall high variability in the well-yield data, which results from the high variability in aquifer hydraulic properties as well as from limitations of the dataset, would make it difficult to use hydrogeologic factors to predict well yield in the study area.\n\nGeostatistical analysis (variograms), on the other hand, indicated that, although highly variable, the well-yield data are spatially correlated. The spatial continuity appears greater in the northeast-southwest direction and less in the southeast-northwest direction, directions that are parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the regional geologic structural trends. Geostatistical analysis (kriging), used to estimate yield values throughout the study area, identified regional-scale areas of higher and lower yield that may be related to regional structural features—in particular, to a northeast-southwest trending regional fault zone within the Nashoba terrane. It also would be difficult to use kriging to predict yield at specific locations, however, because of the spatial variability in yield, particularly at small scales. The regional-scale analyses in this study, both with hydrogeologic variables and geostatistics, provide a context for understanding the variability in well yield, rather a basis for precise predictions, and site-specific information would be needed to understand local conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., and Barbaro, J.R., 2012, Yield of bedrock wells in the Nashoba terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5155, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125155.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"86","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PV6HTP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bedrock well yield, lineaments, and ancillary data in the Nashoba Terrane, central and eastern Massachusetts"},{"id":263904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5155.jpg"},{"id":263902,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5155/"},{"id":263903,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5155/pdf/sir2012-5155_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Webster;Dudley;Newbury;Rowley;Salisbury;Worcester","otherGeospatial":"Sudbury River;Assabet River;Concord River;Blackstone River;Ipswich River;Parker River;French River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.0209,41.9962 ], [ -72.0209,42.8921 ], [ -70.675,42.8921 ], [ -70.675,41.9962 ], [ -72.0209,41.9962 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c70477e4b0ebb3997466d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041579,"text":"ofr20121140 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer system of the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T16:16:35","indexId":"ofr20121140","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1140","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer system of the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware","docAbstract":"Estimating future loadings of nitrogen to the Chesapeake Bay requires knowledge about the groundwater flow system and the traveltime of water and chemicals between recharge at the water table and the discharge to streams and directly to the bay. The Delmarva Peninsula has a relatively large proportion of its land devoted to agriculture and a large associated nitrogen load in groundwater that has the potential to enter the bay in discharging groundwater. To better understand the shallow aquifer system with respect to this loading and the traveltime to the bay, the U.S. Geological Survey constructed a steady-state groundwater flow model for the region. The model is based on estimates of recharge calculated using recently developed regression equations for evapotranspiration and surface runoff. The hydrogeologic framework incorporated into the model includes unconfined surficial aquifer sediments, as well as subcropping confined aquifers and confining beds down to 300 feet below land surface. The model was calibrated using 48 water-level measurements and 24 tracer-based ages from wells located across the peninsula. The resulting steady-state flow solution was used to estimate ages of water in the shallow aquifer system through the peninsula and the distribution and magnitude of groundwater traveltime from recharge at the water table to discharge in surface-water bodies (referred to as return time). Return times vary but are typically less than 10 years near local streams and greater than 100 years near the stream divides. The model can be used to calculate nitrate transport parameters in various local watersheds and predict future trends in nitrate loadings to Chesapeake Bay for different future nitrogen application scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121140","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Pope, J.P., Selnick, D.L., and Stumvoll, R.F., 2012, Simulation of groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer system of the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1140, vi, 58 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121140.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1140.gif"},{"id":263861,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1140/"},{"id":263862,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1140/pdf/OFR_2012-1140.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.5,35.0 ], [ -78.5,42.5 ], [ -73.5,42.5 ], [ -73.5,35.0 ], [ -78.5,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c3102de4b0b57f2415d19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selnick, David L.","contributorId":13480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selnick","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stumvoll, Ryan F.","contributorId":99859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumvoll","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041515,"text":"pp1794 - 2012 - Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T09:30:01","indexId":"pp1794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794","title":"Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000","docAbstract":"<h1>Summary</h1>\n<p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1794 is a four-volume series on the status and trends of the Nation&rsquo;s land use and land cover, providing an assessment of the rates and causes of land-use and land-cover change in the United States between 1973 and 2000. Volumes A, B, C, and D provide analyses for the Western United States, the Great Plains, the Midwest&ndash;South Central United States, and the Eastern United States, respectively. The assessments of land-use and land-cover trends are conducted on an ecoregion-by-ecoregion basis, and each ecoregion assessment is guided by a nationally consistent study design that includes mapping, statistical methods, field studies, and analysis. Individual assessments provide a picture of the characteristics of land change occurring in a given ecoregion; in combination, they provide a framework for understanding the complex national mosaic of change and also the causes and consequences of change. Thus, each volume in this series provides a regional assessment of how (and how fast) land use and land cover are changing, and why. The four volumes together form the first comprehensive picture of land change across the Nation. This report is only one of the products produced by USGS on land-use and land-cover change in the United States. Other reports and land-cover statistics are available online at <a href=\"http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov</a>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794, 4 Volumes: A-D, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794.","productDescription":"4 Volumes: A-D","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329084,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794D","text":"Professional Paper 1794-D","linkHelpText":"Status and Trends of Land Change in the Eastern United States—1973 to 2000, edited by Kristi L. 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,{"id":70041511,"text":"fs20123133 - 2012 - Wetland fire remote sensing research--The Greater Everglades example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-06T21:52:54","indexId":"fs20123133","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3133","title":"Wetland fire remote sensing research--The Greater Everglades example","docAbstract":"Fire is a major factor in the Everglades ecosystem. For thousands of years, lightning-strike fires from summer thunderstorms have helped create and maintain a dynamic landscape suited both to withstand fire and recover quickly in the wake of frequent fires. Today, managers in the Everglades National Park are implementing controlled burns to promote healthy, sustainable vegetation patterns and ecosystem functions. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is using remote sensing to improve fire-management databases in the Everglades, gain insights into post-fire land-cover dynamics, and develop spatially and temporally explicit fire-scar data for habitat and hydrologic modeling.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123133","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 2012, Wetland fire remote sensing research--The Greater Everglades example: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3133, 2 p.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123133.","productDescription":"2 p.; maps (col.)","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3133.gif"},{"id":263767,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3133/"},{"id":263768,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3133/pdf/fs2012-3133.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5183,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c1bea4e4b09fd40bb0eb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041417,"text":"70041417 - 2012 - Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T10:07:54","indexId":"70041417","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Brimstone Basin, a remote area of intense hydrothermal alteration a few km east of the Yellowstone Caldera, is rarely studied and has long been considered to be a cold remnant of an ancient hydrothermal system. A field campaign in 2008 confirmed that gas emissions from the few small vents were cold and that soil temperatures in the altered area were at background levels. Geochemical and isotopic evidence from gas samples (<sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ~ 3R<sub>A</sub>, δ<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> ~ − 3&permil;) however, indicate continuing magmatic gas input to the system. Accumulation chamber measurements revealed a surprisingly large diffuse flux of CO<sub>2</sub> (~ 277 t d<sup>-1</sup>) and H<sub>2</sub>S (0.6 t d<sup>-1</sup>). The flux of CO<sub>2</sub> reduces the <sup>18</sup>O content of the overlying cold groundwater and related stream waters relative to normal meteoric waters. Simple isotopic modeling reveals that the CO<sub>2</sub> likely originates from geothermal water at a temperature of 93 ± 19 °C. These results and the presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons (C1:C2 ~ 100 and δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub> = − 46.4 to − 42.8&permil;) in gases require some heat source at depth and refute the assumption that this is a “fossil” hydrothermal system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Lowenstern, J.B., and Hurwitz, S., 2012, Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Chemical Geology, v. 330-331, p. 233-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-036804","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263688,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Brimstone Basin;Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.06,40.99 ], [ -111.06,45.01 ], [ -104.05,45.01 ], [ -104.05,40.99 ], [ -111.06,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"330-331","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb73ee4b01744973f777e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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