An important aspect of management of invasive, non-native plants (invasive plants) is information on the type, location, and magnitude of infestations. Regional development of this information requires an integrated program of data collection, management, and delivery. The Southwest Exotic Plant Mapping Program (SWEMP), coordinated through the U.S. Geological Survey’s Southwest Biological Science Center, annually compiles occurrence records for infestations of invasive plants. Operating since 1998, the SWEMP team has accepted occurrence records contributed voluntarily by federal, tribal, state, and private collaborators and has compiled these contributions accumulatively with previous versions of SWEMP. The SWEMP 2007 regional database update, SWEMP07, contains 62,000 records for 221 plant species with records dating as far back as 1911 and up to December, 2006. Records include invasive plants in Arizona, eastern California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. SWEMP07 is available through the Southwest Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse (http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/research/projects/swepic/swepic.asp, click SWEMP).
Not all invasive plants are non-native and not all invasive plants are even invasive. The Arizona Invasive Species Advisory Council (2006) defined an invasive species as “a species that is (1) non-native to the ecosystem under consideration and, (2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm, or harm to human health”. SWEMP uses the U.S. Department of Agriculture PLANTS database (http://plants.usda.gov/) to determine if a plant is native or not to Arizona. As SWEMP does not independently assess the current or potential impact of invasive plants, we include most non-native plant records contributed. We have not included agricultural crops that are non-native, for example apples, oranges, etc.
In this open-file-report, we use the SWEMP07 update to summarize the occurrence of invasive plants in Arizona and present distribution maps for a select invasive plants in Arizona. We use the word occurrence purposefully instead of the word distribution. The SWEMP07 database only provides an estimate of the actual distribution of invasive plants in Arizona. The information provided is a first approximation of the state-wide extent of invasive plant distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071277","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension and School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., and Guertin, P., 2007, Southwest Exotic Mapping Program 2007: Occurrence summary and maps of select invasive, non-native plants in Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1277, v, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071277.","productDescription":"v, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1277/of2007-1277.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":344280,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ02JX","text":"Southwest Exotic Mapping Program (SWEMP) Database, 2007"},{"id":10541,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,31.25 ], [ -115,37 ], [ -108.75,37 ], [ -108.75,31.25 ], [ -115,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, Patricia","contributorId":37428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80685,"text":"ofr20071310 - 2007 - Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T18:16:41.117134","indexId":"ofr20071310","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1310","title":"Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006","docAbstract":"The impending development for the west Hawai‘i coastline adjacent to Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO) may potentially alter coastal hydrology and water quality in the marine waters of the park. Water resources are perhaps the most significant natural and cultural resource component in the park, and are critical to the health and well being of six federally listed species. KAHO contains ecosystems of brackish anchialine pools, two 11-acre fishponds, and 596 acres of coral reef habitats, all fed by groundwater originating upslope. The steep gradients on high islands, combined with typically porous substrates and high rainfall levels at upper elevations, make these settings especially vulnerable to shifts in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and its entrained nutrients and pollutants. Little is known about the magnitude, rate, frequency, and variability of SGD and its influence on contaminant loading to Hawaiian coastal environments.
\nRecent studies show that groundwater flux through the park is vital to many ecosystem components including anchialine ponds and wetland biota. The function of these ecosystems may be vulnerable to changes in groundwater flow stemming from natural changes (climate and sea level) and land use (groundwater pumping and contamination). Oki and others (1999) showed that increased groundwater withdrawals for urban development since 1978 likely decreased groundwater flux to the coast by 50%. During this same time, the quality of groundwater has been vulnerable to increases in contaminant and nutrient/fertilizer additions associated with industrial, commercial and residential use upslope from KAHO (Oki and others, 1999).
\nHigh-resolution measurements of waves, currents, water levels, temperature and salinity were collected in the marine portion of the park from November, 2005, through July, 2006, to establish baseline information on the magnitude, rate, frequency, and variability of SGD. These data are intended to help researchers and resource managers better understand the hydrodynamics of the oceanographic environment in the park’s coastal waters as it pertains to the pathway of SGD and associated nutrient and contaminant input to the park’s coral reef ecosystem.
\nMeasurements were made of the oceanographic environment (waves, tides, currents, salinity and temperature) using hydrodynamic techniques to characterize and quantify the distribution, input and throughput of freshwater and associated nutrient/contaminant within the near shore environment of KAHO through the emplacement of a series of bottom-mounted instruments deployed in water depths less than 15 m. This study was conducted in support of the National Park Service (NPS) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Coral Reef Project. These measurements support the ongoing studies of the Coral Reef Project to better understand the transport mechanisms of sediment, larvae, nutrients, pollutants and other particles on Pacific coral reefs. Subsequent reports will address the spatial and temporal variability in groundwater input and the associated nutrient flux in the park’s waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071310","usgsCitation":"Presto, M., Storlazzi, C., Logan, J., and Grossman, E., 2007, Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1310, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071310.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-11-01","temporalEnd":"2006-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071310.PNG"},{"id":390524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82897.htm"},{"id":293661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1310/of2007-1310.pdf"},{"id":10542,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6642\n ],\n [\n -156.02,\n 19.6642\n ],\n [\n -156.02,\n 19.6917\n ],\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6917\n ],\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80686,"text":"ofr20071315 - 2007 - Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T21:29:45.330727","indexId":"ofr20071315","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1315","displayTitle":"Video Documentation of Experiments at the USGS Debris-Flow Flume 1992–2024","title":"Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2024","docAbstract":"This set of videos presents about 19.1 hours of footage documenting the 183 experiments conducted at the USGS debris-flow flume from 1992 to 2024. Owing to improvements in video technology over the years, the quality of footage from recent experiments generally exceeds that from earlier experiments.
Use the link below to access the individual videos, which are mostly grouped by date and subject matter. When a video is selected from the list, multiple video sequences are generally shown in succession, beginning with a far-field overview and proceeding to close-up views and post-experiment documentation [https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/].
Interpretations and data from experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume are not provided here but can be found in published reports, many of which are available online at www.usgs.gov.
A brief introduction to the flume facility is also available online in USGS Open-File Report 92–483 [https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92483].
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071315","usgsCitation":"Logan, M., Iverson, R.M., and Obryk, M.K., 2007, Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2024 (ver 1.5, January 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1315, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071315.","productDescription":"Videos of experiments conducted at the USGS Debris-Flow Flume 1992–2024","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2024-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/versionHist_.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2007-1315 version history"},{"id":125451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2007_1315.jpg"},{"id":10543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: November 23, 2007; Version 1.5: Revised January 30, 2026","contact":"Contact CVO
David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected ash and burned soils from about 28 sites in southern California wildfire areas (Harris, Witch, Ammo, Santiago, Canyon and Grass Valley) from Nov. 2 through 9, 2007 (table 1). USGS researchers are applying a wide variety of analytical methods to these samples, with the goal of helping identify characteristics of the ash and soils from wildland and suburban burned areas that may be of concern for their potential to adversely affect water quality, human health, endangered species, and debris-flow or flooding hazards. These studies are part of the Southern California Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project, and preliminary findings are presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071407","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Martin, D.A., Hoefen, T., Kokaly, R., Hageman, P., Eckberg, A., Meeker, G.P., Adams, M., Anthony, M., and Lamothe, P.J., 2007, Preliminary analytical results for ash and burned soils from the October 2007 southern California wildfires (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1407, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071407.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10548,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1407/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":97210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hageman, Philip","contributorId":93996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eckberg, Alison","contributorId":100091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckberg","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anthony, Michael","contributorId":33419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":80680,"text":"ofr20071313 - 2007 - Coal Rank and Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian Coal and Coaly Shale Samples, Young County, North-Central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"ofr20071313","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1313","title":"Coal Rank and Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian Coal and Coaly Shale Samples, Young County, North-Central Texas","docAbstract":"Vitrinite reflectance measurements were made to determine the rank of selected subsurface coal and coaly shale samples from Young County, north-central Texas, for the National Coal Resources Database System State Cooperative Program conducted by the Bureau of Economic Geology at The University of Texas at Austin. This research is the continuation of a pilot study that began in adjacent Archer County, and forms part of a larger investigation of the coalbed methane resource potential of Pennsylvanian coals in north-central Texas.\r\n\r\nA total of 57 samples of coal and coaly shale fragments were hand-picked from drill cuttings from depths of about 2,000 ft in five wells, and Ro determinations were made on an initial 10-sample subset. Electric-log correlation of the sampled wells indicates that the collected samples represent coal and coaly shale layers in the Strawn (Pennsylvanian), Canyon (Pennsylvanian), and Cisco (Pennsylvanian-Permian) Groups. Coal rank in the initial sample subset ranges from lignite (Ro=0.39), in a sample from the Cisco Group at a depth of 310 to 320 ft, to high volatile bituminous A coal (Ro=0.91) in a sample from the lower part of the Canyon Group at a depth of 2,030 to 2,040 ft.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin","usgsCitation":"Guevara, E.H., Breton, C., and Hackley, P.C., 2007, Coal Rank and Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian Coal and Coaly Shale Samples, Young County, North-Central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1313, Report: iii, 28 p. + Plate (1 p., 36 x 24 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071313.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 28 p. + Plate (1 p., 36 x 24 inches)","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10537,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c7585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guevara, Edgar H.","contributorId":62298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"Edgar","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breton, Caroline","contributorId":105390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breton","given":"Caroline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80679,"text":"ofr20071312 - 2007 - Thermal Maturity of Pennsylvanian Coals and Coaly Shales, Eastern Shelf and Fort Worth Basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20071312","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1312","title":"Thermal Maturity of Pennsylvanian Coals and Coaly Shales, Eastern Shelf and Fort Worth Basin, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology are engaged in an ongoing collaborative study to characterize the organic composition and thermal maturity of Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing strata from the Eastern Shelf of the Midland basin and from the Fort Worth basin, north-central Texas. Data derived from this study will have application to a better understanding of the potential for coalbed gas resources in the region. This is an important effort in that unconventional resources such as coalbed gas are expected to satisfy an increasingly greater component of United States and world natural gas demand in coming decades. In addition, successful coalbed gas production from equivalent strata in the Kerr basin of southern Texas and from equivalent strata elsewhere in the United States suggests that a closer examination of the potential for coalbed gas resources in north-central Texas is warranted. This report presents thermal maturity data for shallow (<2,000 ft; <610 m) coal and coaly shale cuttings, core, and outcrop samples from the Middle-Upper Pennsylvanian Strawn, Canyon, and Cisco Groups from the Eastern Shelf of the Midland basin. Data for Lower Pennsylvanian Atoka Group strata from deeper wells (5,400 ft; 1,645 m) in the western part of the Fort Worth basin also are included herein. The data indicate that the maturity of some Pennsylvanian coal and coaly shale samples is sufficient to support thermogenic coalbed gas generation on the Eastern Shelf and in the western Fort Worth basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071312","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Guevara, E.H., Hentz, T.F., and Hook, R.W., 2007, Thermal Maturity of Pennsylvanian Coals and Coaly Shales, Eastern Shelf and Fort Worth Basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1312, iii, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071312.","productDescription":"iii, 158 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.5,29.5 ], [ -99.5,34.5 ], [ -96,34.5 ], [ -96,29.5 ], [ -99.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guevara, Edgar H.","contributorId":62298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"Edgar","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hentz, Tucker F.","contributorId":16524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hentz","given":"Tucker","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80674,"text":"ofr20071384 - 2007 - Methods for the Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Fires of 2007, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20071384","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1384","title":"Methods for the Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Fires of 2007, Southern California","docAbstract":"This report describes the approach used to assess potential debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Buckweed, Santiago, Canyon, Poomacha, Ranch, Harris, Witch, Rice, Ammo, Slide, Grass Valley and Cajon Fires of 2007 in southern California. The assessments will be presented as a series of maps showing a relative ranking of the predicted volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to a 3-hour duration rainstorm with a 10-year return period. Potential volumes of debris flows are calculated using a multiple-regression model that describes debris-flow volume at a basin outlet as a function of measures of basin gradient, burn extent, and storm rainfall. This assessment provides critical information for issuing basin-specific warnings, locating and designing mitigation measures, and planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071384","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., and Michael, J.A., 2007, Methods for the Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Fires of 2007, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1384, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071384.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1384/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1300000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.25,32.25 ], [ -119.25,34.75 ], [ -116,34.75 ], [ -116,32.25 ], [ -119.25,32.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80677,"text":"ofr20071392 - 2007 - Long-term and storm-related shoreline change trends in the Florida Gulf Islands National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T20:27:21.722264","indexId":"ofr20071392","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1392","title":"Long-term and storm-related shoreline change trends in the Florida Gulf Islands National Seashore","docAbstract":"Coastal erosion on Northern Gulf of Mexico barrier islands is an ongoing issue that was exacerbated by the storm seasons of 2004 and 2005 when several hurricanes made landfall in the Gulf of Mexico. Two units of the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS), located on Santa Rosa Island, a barrier island off the Panhandle coast of Florida, were highly impacted during the hurricanes of 2004 (Ivan) and 2005 (Cindy, Dennis, Katrina and Rita). In addition to the loss of or damage to natural and cultural resources within the park, damage to park infrastructure, including park access roads and utilities, occurred in areas experiencing rapid shoreline retreat. The main park road was located as close as 50 m to the pre-storm (2001) shoreline and was still under repair from damage incurred during Hurricane Ivan when the 2005 hurricanes struck. A new General Management Plan is under development for the Gulf Islands National Seashore. This plan, like the existing General Management Plan, strives to incorporate natural barrier island processes, and will guide future efforts to provide access to units of Gulf Islands National Seashore on Santa Rosa Island.
To assess changes in island geomorphology and provide data for park management, the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey are currently analyzing shoreline change to better understand long-term (100+ years) shoreline change trends as well as short-term shoreline impact and recovery to severe storm events. Results show that over an ~140-year period from the late 1800s to May 2004, the average shoreline erosion rates in the Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa units of GUIS were -0.7m/yr and -0.1 m/yr, respectively. Areas of historic erosion, reaching a maximum rate of -1.3 m/yr, correspond to areas that experienced overwash and road damage during the 2004 hurricane season.. The shoreline eroded as much as ~60 m during Hurricane Ivan, and as much as ~88 m over the course of the 2005 storm season. The shoreline erosion rates in the areas where the park road was heavily damaged were as high as -70.2 m/yr over the 2004-2005 time period. Additional post-storm monitoring of these sections of the island, to assess whether erosion rates stabilize, will help to parks to determine the best long-term management strategy for the park infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071392","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., and Christiano, M., 2007, Long-term and storm-related shoreline change trends in the Florida Gulf Islands National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1392, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071392.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82851.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10534,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1392/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Gulf Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.308349609375,\n 30.311245603935003\n ],\n [\n -86.8963623046875,\n 30.311245603935003\n ],\n [\n -86.8963623046875,\n 30.379983796443767\n ],\n [\n -87.308349609375,\n 30.379983796443767\n ],\n [\n -87.308349609375,\n 30.311245603935003\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63edab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":293261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiano, Mark","contributorId":59522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiano","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80676,"text":"ofr20071261 - 2007 - A GIS Analysis of Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20071261","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1261","title":"A GIS Analysis of Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas","docAbstract":"A survey of the seagrass resources of Padre Island National Seashore was conducted in fall 2002 and 2003, with additional sampling through 2006, to resolve distribution questions. Location coordinates were recorded to thousandths of minutes of latitude and longitude and converted to decimal degrees (minus decimal degrees for longitude) for import into ArcView (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.). The seagrass core frequency data were developed as a theme in ArcView and overlaid on digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles of the U.S. Geological Survey to show sample depth with respect to mean sea level and frequency of occurrence of seagrass for five samples collected from every station sampled. These data were used to draw boundaries of area submerged at mean sea level and seagrass meadow in relation to the boundary of Padre Island National Seashore. Frequency of seagrass occurrence, mean plant height, shoot density, plant height multiplied by shoot density, live biomass, and dead biomass on a 1' latitude by 0.25' longitude grid were collected, and their distribution was plotted in space and according to depth. A User Guide for displaying data in ArcView is included at the end of this report.\r\n\r\nSeagrasses covered almost two-thirds of the regularly flooded part of Laguna Madre within the borders of Padre Island National Seashore. Comparisons with earlier surveys showed that substantial areas of seagrass cover had been lost in deep water between 1988 and 1998 as a result of a persistent phytoplankton bloom, and little recovery has occurred since. Maximum depth of seagrass occurrence responded to changes in water clarity. In contrast, much of the cover at shallow to intermediate depths lost at the south end of the study area between 1988 and 1998 was replaced by 2003. The seven stations with greatest plant height were located in this area of recent recolonization. Continuity of cover as measured by frequency of occurrence was high except near the edge of seagrass meadow. Decrease in this measure may be an indicator of meadow fragmentation, signaling deterioration of seagrass meadow before loss. The other measures of condition were so variable that they were insensitive indicators of impending change.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071261","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., and Ingold, J.J., 2007, A GIS Analysis of Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1261, Report: vi, 34 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071261.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5,26.916666666666668 ], [ -97.5,27.75 ], [ -97.16666666666667,27.75 ], [ -97.16666666666667,26.916666666666668 ], [ -97.5,26.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4955e4b0b290850ef10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingold, Jaimie J.","contributorId":33007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingold","given":"Jaimie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80671,"text":"ofr20071293 - 2007 - Characteristics of Fault Zones in Volcanic Rocks Near Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071293","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1293","title":"Characteristics of Fault Zones in Volcanic Rocks Near Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"During 2005 and 2006, the USGS conducted geological studies of fault zones at surface outcrops at the Nevada Test Site. The objectives of these studies were to characterize fault geometry, identify the presence of fault splays, and understand the width and internal architecture of fault zones. Geologic investigations were conducted at surface exposures in upland areas adjacent to Yucca Flat, a basin in the northeastern part of the Nevada Test Site; these data serve as control points for the interpretation of the subsurface data collected at Yucca Flat by other USGS scientists. Fault zones in volcanic rocks near Yucca Flat differ in character and width as a result of differences in the degree of welding and alteration of the protolith, and amount of fault offset. Fault-related damage zones tend to scale with fault offset; damage zones associated with large-offset faults (>100 m) are many tens of meters wide, whereas damage zones associated with smaller-offset faults are generally a only a meter or two wide. Zeolitically-altered tuff develops moderate-sized damage zones whereas vitric nonwelded, bedded and airfall tuff have very minor damage zones, often consisting of the fault zone itself as a deformation band, with minor fault effect to the surrounding rock mass. These differences in fault geometry and fault zone architecture in surface analog sites can serve as a guide toward interpretation of high-resolution subsurface geophysical results from Yucca Flat.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071293","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., and Drake, R.M., 2007, Characteristics of Fault Zones in Volcanic Rocks Near Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1293, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071293.","productDescription":"53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10527,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1293/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.25,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,37.25 ], [ -115.91666666666667,37.25 ], [ -115.91666666666667,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,36.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. II 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":1353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Ronald","suffix":"II","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80672,"text":"ofr20071350 - 2007 - Hydrologic Record Extension of Water-Level Data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Using Artificial Neural Network Models, 2000-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20071350","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1350","title":"Hydrologic Record Extension of Water-Level Data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Using Artificial Neural Network Models, 2000-2006","docAbstract":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level gaging stations, ground-elevation models, and water-surface models designed to provide scientists, engineers, and water-resource managers with current (2000-present) water-depth information for the entire freshwater portion of the greater Everglades. The U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science provides support for EDEN and the goal of providing quality assured monitoring data for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. To increase the accuracy of the water-surface models, 25 real-time water-level gaging stations were added to the network of 253 established water-level gaging stations. To incorporate the data from the newly added stations to the 7-year EDEN database in the greater Everglades, the short-term water-level records (generally less than 1 year) needed to be simulated back in time (hindcasted) to be concurrent with data from the established gaging stations in the database. A three-step modeling approach using artificial neural network models was used to estimate the water levels at the new stations. The artificial neural network models used static variables that represent the gaging station location and percent vegetation in addition to dynamic variables that represent water-level data from the established EDEN gaging stations. The final step of the modeling approach was to simulate the computed error of the initial estimate to increase the accuracy of the final water-level estimate.\r\n\r\nThe three-step modeling approach for estimating water levels at the new EDEN gaging stations produced satisfactory results. The coefficients of determination (R2) for 21 of the 25 estimates were greater than 0.95, and all of the estimates (25 of 25) were greater than 0.82. The model estimates showed good agreement with the measured data. For some new EDEN stations with limited measured data, the record extension (hindcasts) included periods beyond the range of the data used to train the artificial neural network models. The comparison of the hindcasts with long-term water-level data proximal to the new EDEN gaging stations indicated that the water-level estimates were reasonable. The percent model error (root mean square error divided by the range of the measured data) was less than 6 percent, and for the majority of stations (20 of 25), the percent model error was less than 1 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071350","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Roehl, E.A., 2007, Hydrologic Record Extension of Water-Level Data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Using Artificial Neural Network Models, 2000-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1350, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071350.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80666,"text":"ofr20071291 - 2007 - Magnetotelluric Data, Southern San Luis Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071291","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1291","title":"Magnetotelluric Data, Southern San Luis Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe population of the San Luis Valley region is growing rapidly. The shallow unconfined and the deeper confined Santa Fe Group aquifer in the San Luis Basin is the main sources of municipal water for the region. Water shortfalls could have serious consequences. Future growth and land management in the region depend on accurate assessment and protection of the region's ground-water resources. An important issue in managing the ground-water resources is a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the Santa Fe Group and the nature of the sedimentary deposits that fill the Rio Grande rift, which contain the principal ground-water aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies of the San Luis Basin located in southern Colorado. Detailed geologic mapping, high-resolution airborne magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, an electromagnetic survey, called magnetotellurics (MT), and hydrologic and lithologic data are being used to better understand the aquifer systems. The primary goal of the MT survey is to map changes in electrical resistivity with depth that are related to differences in rock type. These various rock types help control the properties of aquifers in the region. This report does not include any interpretation of the data. Its purpose is to release the MT data acquired at the 22 stations shown in figure 1.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071291","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.M., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2007, Magnetotelluric Data, Southern San Luis Valley, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1291, 208 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071291.","productDescription":"208 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10522,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,37 ], [ -106,37.75 ], [ -105,37.75 ], [ -105,37 ], [ -106,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80660,"text":"ofr20071372 - 2007 - Changes in streamflow, concentrations, and loads in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T14:10:00.827397","indexId":"ofr20071372","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1372","title":"Changes in streamflow, concentrations, and loads in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2006","docAbstract":"Water-quality and streamflow data from 34 sites in nontidal parts of the Chesapeake Bay watershed are presented to document annual nutrient and sediment loads and trends for 1985 through 2006, as part of an annual evaluation of water-quality conditions by the U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. This study presents the results of trends analysis for streamflow, loads, and concentrations. Annual mean flow to the bay for 2006 (78,650 cubic feet per second) was approximately 1 percent above the long-term annual mean flow from 1937 to 2005. Total freshwater flow entering the bay for the summer season (July-August-September) was the only season classified as 'wet' in 2006. For the period 1985 through 2006, streamflow was significantly increasing at two of the 34 sites. Observed (bias-corrected) concentration summaries indicate higher ranges in concentrations of total nitrogen in the northern major river basins (Pennsylvania, Maryland, and northern Virginia) than in the southern basins in Virginia. Results indicate almost half of the monitoring sites in the northern basins exhibited significant downward bias-corrected concentration trends in total nitrogen over time; results were similar for total phosphorus and sediment. Generally, loads for all constituents at the nine River Input Monitoring Program (RIM) sites, which comprise 78 percent of the streamflow entering the bay, were lower in 2006 than in 2005. The loads for total nitrogen are below the long-term average loads at eight of the nine RIM sites and total phosphorus and sediment loads are also below the long-term average at seven RIM sites. Combined annual mean total nitrogen flow-weighted concentrations from the nine RIM sites indicated an upward tendency in 2006; in contrast, total phosphorus and sediment indicated a downward tendency.
From 1990 to 2006 for the 9 RIM sites, the mean concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment were 3.49, 0.195, and 116 milligrams per liter, respectively. Flow-weighted concentrations for phosphorus and sediment were lowest in the Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Md., most likely because of the trapping efficiency of three large reservoirs upstream from the sampling point.
For all 34 sites and all constituents, trends in concentrations (not adjusted for flow) showed 12 statistically significant upward trends and 59 statistically significant downward trends for the period 1985 through 2006. When trends in concentrations are adjusted for flow, they can be used as indicators of human activity and effectiveness of management actions. The flow-adjusted trends indicated significant downward trends at approximately 74, 68, and 32 percent of the sites for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment, respectively. This may indicate that management actions are having some effect in reducing nutrients and sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071372","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program Office, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., Moyer, D., and Blomquist, J., 2007, Changes in streamflow, concentrations, and loads in selected nontidal basins in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1372, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071372.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10514,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1372/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 38.41916639395372\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 38.64261790634527\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 38.87392853923629\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 39.0533181067413\n ],\n [\n -75.662841796875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -75.750732421875,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 40.069664523297774\n ],\n [\n -76.058349609375,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 40.3549167507906\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 40.75557964275589\n ],\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 40.871987756697415\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -75.706787109375,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 41.071069130806414\n ],\n [\n -75.662841796875,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 41.13729606112276\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 41.104190944576466\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.22824901518529\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.28606238749825\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -75.399169921875,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 41.91045347666418\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -75.223388671875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -74.8388671875,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -74.520263671875,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -74.278564453125,\n 42.54498667313236\n ],\n [\n -74.322509765625,\n 42.64204079304426\n ],\n [\n -74.410400390625,\n 42.80346172417078\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 42.98053954751642\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 42.96446257387128\n ],\n [\n -75.684814453125,\n 42.93229601903058\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 42.382894009614034\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 42.39912215986002\n ],\n [\n -76.80541992187499,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 42.44778143462245\n ],\n [\n -77.14599609375,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 42.382894009614034\n ],\n [\n -77.222900390625,\n 42.54498667313236\n ],\n [\n -77.442626953125,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 42.60970621339408\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -77.728271484375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 42.31793945446847\n ],\n [\n -77.596435546875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 41.92680320648791\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 41.795888098191426\n ],\n [\n -78.453369140625,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -78.453369140625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -78.519287109375,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -78.541259765625,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -78.409423828125,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 40.48873742102282\n ],\n [\n -78.475341796875,\n 40.30466538259176\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -78.848876953125,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 39.69873414348139\n ],\n [\n -79.046630859375,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -79.266357421875,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -79.420166015625,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -79.354248046875,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -79.266357421875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 39.155622393423215\n ],\n [\n -79.244384765625,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -79.398193359375,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -79.661865234375,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -79.683837890625,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -79.727783203125,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 37.779398571318765\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -80.694580078125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 37.09900294387622\n ],\n [\n -79.354248046875,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -79.112548828125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -78.936767578125,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -77.904052734375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -77.53051757812499,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -77.354736328125,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -76.959228515625,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -76.893310546875,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -76.871337890625,\n 36.83566824724438\n ],\n [\n -76.849365234375,\n 36.677230602346214\n ],\n [\n -76.7724609375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -76.629638671875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 36.48314061639213\n ],\n [\n -76.256103515625,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -76.190185546875,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -75.948486328125,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -75.904541015625,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -75.926513671875,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -75.618896484375,\n 37.640334898059486\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 38.41916639395372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":2670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel","contributorId":56325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80664,"text":"ofr20071357 - 2007 - Topographic Slope as a Proxy for Seismic Site-Conditions (VS30) and Amplification Around the Globe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"ofr20071357","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1357","title":"Topographic Slope as a Proxy for Seismic Site-Conditions (VS30) and Amplification Around the Globe","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nIt is well-known that large global earthquakes can have a dramatic effect on local communities and the built environment. Moreover, ground motions amplified by surficial materials can exacerbate the situation, often making the difference between minor and major damage. For a real-time earthquake impact alert system, such as Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) (Wald and others, 2006), we seek to rapidly evaluate potential ground shaking in the source region and subsequently provide an estimate of the population exposure to potentially fatal levels of ground shaking in any region of the world. The contribution of surficial geology (particularly soft sediments) to the amplification of ground shaking is an important component in predicting the levels of ground motion observed at any site. Unfortunately, the availability of information regarding seismic siteconditions is only available at a few sites around the globe.\r\n\r\nHerein, we describe a methodology for deriving maps of seismic site-conditions anywhere in the world using topographic slope as a proxy. Average shear-velocity down to 30 m (or VS30) measurements are correlated against topographic slope to develop two sets of coefficients for predicting VS30: one for active tectonic regions that possess dynamic topographic relief, and one for stable continental regions where changes in topography are more subdued. These coefficients have been applied to the continental United States, in addition to other regions around the world. They are subsequently compared to existing site-condition maps based on geology and observed VS30 measurements, where available. The application of the topographic slope method in regions with abundant VS30 measurements (for example California, Memphis, and Taiwan) indicates that this method provides site condition-maps of similar quality, or in some cases, maps superior to those developed from more traditional techniques.\r\n\r\nHaving a first-order assessment of seismic site-conditions anywhere in the world provides a valuable tool to rapidly estimate ground motions following any global earthquake, the primary motivation for this research. These VS30 maps will enable us to better quantify possible ground shaking and rapidly deliver these predictions to emergency managers and responders. In addition, the VS30 maps for the globe will also have practical applications for numerous related probabilistic- and scenario-based studies. To date, several researchers have requested maps or have used the approach outlined herein for their own applications (for example Cagnan and Kariptas, written commun., 2007; Harmandar and others, 2007).\r\n\r\nGiven that we anticipate a significant demand for these products, we have developed an internet delivery service so that users can download maps and grids of seismic site-conditions for specified regions. To some extent, these grids can also be customized by the user if they disagree with the predefined correlations derived using the methodologies described within this report.\r\n\r\nFinally, this report represents a more comprehensive account of this technique and provides a more fully illustrated global description of results than that given in Wald and Allen (2007), which has been accepted for publication in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071357","usgsCitation":"Allen, T.I., and Wald, D.J., 2007, Topographic Slope as a Proxy for Seismic Site-Conditions (VS30) and Amplification Around the Globe (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1357, vi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071357.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1357/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Trevor I.","contributorId":60722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80655,"text":"ofr20061379 - 2007 - Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"ofr20061379","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1379","title":"Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis work was conceived as a derivative product for 'The Metallogeny of the Great Basin' project of the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. In the course of preparing a fossil database for the Great Basin that could be accessed from the Internet, it was determined that a comprehensive paleontological bibliography must first be compiled, something that had not previously been done. This bibliography includes published papers and abstracts as well as unpublished theses and dissertations on fossils and stratigraphy in Nevada and adjoining portions of California and Utah.\r\n\r\nThis bibliography is broken into first-order headings by geologic age, secondary headings by taxonomic group, followed by ancillary topics of interest to both paleontologists and stratigraphers; paleoecology, stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology, paleogeography, tectonics, and petroleum potential.\r\n\r\nReferences were derived from usage of Georef, consultation with numerous paleontologists and geologists working in the Great Basin, and literature currently on hand with the authors. As this is a Web-accessible bibliography, we hope to periodically update it with new citations or older references that we have missed during this compilation. Hence, the authors would be grateful to receive notice of any new or old papers that the readers think should be added.\r\n\r\nAs a final note, we gratefully acknowledge the helpful reviews provided by A. Elizabeth J. Crafford (Anchorage, Alaska) and William R. Page (USGS, Denver, Colorado).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061379","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R., Zhang, N., Hofstra, A.H., and Morrow, J.R., 2007, Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1379, 235 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061379.","productDescription":"235 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Ning","contributorId":76415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrow, Jared R.","contributorId":65934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80651,"text":"ofr20071365 - 2007 - Investigation of the M6.6 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki, Japan, earthquake of July 16, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:58:04","indexId":"ofr20071365","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1365","title":"Investigation of the M6.6 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki, Japan, earthquake of July 16, 2007","docAbstract":"The M6.6 mainshock of the Niigata Chuetsu Oki (offshore) earthquake occurred at 10:13 a.m. local time on July 16, 2007, and was followed by a sequence of aftershocks that were felt during the entire time of the reconnaissance effort. The mainshock had an estimated focal depth of 10 km and struck in the Japan Sea offshore Kariwa. Analysis of waveforms from source inversion studies indicates that the event occurred along a thrust fault with a NE trend. The fault plane is either a strike of 34 degrees with a dip of 51 degrees or a strike of 238 degrees with a dip of 41 degrees. Which of these two planes is associated with the mainshock rupture is unresolved, although attenuation relationship analysis indicates that the northwest-dipping fault is favored. The quake affected an approximately 100-km-wide area along the coastal areas of southwestern Niigata prefecture. The event triggered ground failures as far as the Unouma Hills, located in central Niigata approximately 50 km from the shore and the source area of the 2004 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake. The primary event produced tsunami run-ups that reached maximum runup heights of about 20 centimeters along the shoreline of southern Niigata Prrefecture.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071365","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Collins, B.D., Abrahamson, N., Ashford, S., Brandenberg, S.J., Cluff, L., Dickenson, S., Johnson, L., Tanaka, Y., Tokimatsu, K., Kabeyasawa, T., Kawamata, Y., Koumoto, H., Marubashi, N., Pujol, S., Steele, C., Sun, J.I., Tsai, B., Yanev, P., Yashinsky, M., and Yousok, K., 2007, Investigation of the M6.6 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki, Japan, earthquake of July 16, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1365, 230 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071365.","productDescription":"230 p.","numberOfPages":"230","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071365.png"},{"id":293231,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1365/of2007-1365.pdf"},{"id":10489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1365/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Japan","city":"Niigata","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 138.0,36.0 ], [ 138.0,38.0 ], [ 140.0,38.0 ], [ 140.0,36.0 ], [ 138.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norm","contributorId":17327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norm","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ashford, Scott","contributorId":51401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brandenberg, Scott J.","contributorId":49478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandenberg","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cluff, Lloyd","contributorId":101336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluff","given":"Lloyd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dickenson, Stephen","contributorId":24454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickenson","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Laurie","contributorId":11294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tanaka, Yasuo","contributorId":86866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Yasuo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tokimatsu, Kohji","contributorId":78424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"Kohji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kabeyasawa, Toshimi","contributorId":81205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kabeyasawa","given":"Toshimi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kawamata, Yohsuke","contributorId":79974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawamata","given":"Yohsuke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Koumoto, Hidetaka","contributorId":92368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koumoto","given":"Hidetaka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Marubashi, Nanako","contributorId":14525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marubashi","given":"Nanako","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pujol, Santiago","contributorId":20028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pujol","given":"Santiago","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Steele, Clint","contributorId":25654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Clint","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sun, Joseph I.","contributorId":35832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tsai, Ben","contributorId":35833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Yanev, Peter","contributorId":49061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanev","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Yashinsky, Mark","contributorId":37435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yashinsky","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Yousok, Kim","contributorId":72480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yousok","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":80647,"text":"ofr20071215 - 2007 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, September 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071215","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1215","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, September 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for September 2006. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 571 wells during the period September 11-29, near the end of the wet season. Some contours are inferred from previouspotentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kinnaman, S.L., and Dixon, J.F., 2007, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, September 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1215, 1 Sheet: 36 x 52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071215.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 36 x 52 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-09-11","temporalEnd":"2006-09-29","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10486,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,26.25 ], [ -83,31.5 ], [ -79.75,31.5 ], [ -79.75,26.25 ], [ -83,26.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80648,"text":"ofr20071371 - 2007 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, May 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20071371","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1371","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, May 2007","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2007. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 566 wells during the period May 4-June 11 near the end of the dry season, however most of the water level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period May 21-25, 2007. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071371","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kinnaman, S.L., and Dixon, J.F., 2007, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and Vicinity, Florida, May 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1371, 1 Sheet: 36 x 52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071371.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 36 x 52 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-05-21","temporalEnd":"2007-05-25","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10487,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1371/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.5,26.25 ], [ -83.5,31.5 ], [ -79.75,31.5 ], [ -79.75,26.25 ], [ -83.5,26.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80641,"text":"ofr20071214 - 2007 - Preliminary non-fuel mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-28T15:53:46.341158","indexId":"ofr20071214","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1214","displayTitle":"Preliminary Non-Fuel Mineral Resource Assessment of Afghanistan 2007","title":"Preliminary non-fuel mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan 2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cooperated with the Afghanistan Geological Survey (AGS) of the Afghanistan Ministry of Mines to assess the undiscovered non-fuel mineral resources of Afghanistan between 2006 and 2007. This report presents the results of this work and contains chapters describing and assessing the mineral resources of Afghanistan. An accompanying Geographical Information System (GIS) is an accompanying disk that includes supporting data. Funding for this effort was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Peters, S., Ludington, S., Orris, G.J., Sutphin, D., Bliss, J.D., and Rytuba, J.J., 2007, Preliminary non-fuel mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1214, Report: 822 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071214.","productDescription":"Report: 822 p.; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10480,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[61.21082,35.65007],[62.23065,35.27066],[62.98466,35.40404],[63.19354,35.85717],[63.9829,36.00796],[64.54648,36.31207],[64.74611,37.11182],[65.58895,37.30522],[65.74563,37.66116],[66.21738,37.39379],[66.51861,37.36278],[67.07578,37.35614],[67.83,37.14499],[68.13556,37.02312],[68.85945,37.34434],[69.19627,37.15114],[69.51879,37.609],[70.11658,37.58822],[70.27057,37.73516],[70.3763,38.1384],[70.80682,38.48628],[71.34813,38.25891],[71.2394,37.95327],[71.54192,37.90577],[71.44869,37.06564],[71.84464,36.73817],[72.19304,36.94829],[72.63689,37.04756],[73.26006,37.49526],[73.9487,37.42157],[74.98,37.41999],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.57589,37.02084],[74.06755,36.83618],[72.92002,36.72001],[71.84629,36.50994],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.15677,34.34891],[70.8818,33.98886],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.68715,33.1055],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.31776,31.90141],[68.92668,31.62019],[68.55693,31.71331],[67.79269,31.58293],[67.68339,31.30315],[66.93889,31.30491],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.34647,29.88794],[65.04686,29.47218],[64.35042,29.56003],[64.148,29.34082],[63.55026,29.46833],[62.54986,29.31857],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.78122,30.73585],[61.69931,31.37951],[60.94194,31.54807],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.80319,34.4041],[61.21082,35.65007]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Afghanistan\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Stephen G. speters@usgs.gov","contributorId":2793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen G.","email":"speters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Stephen slud@usgs.gov","contributorId":3093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Stephen","email":"slud@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orris, Greta J. 0000-0002-2340-9955 greta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-9955","contributorId":3472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"Greta","email":"greta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80639,"text":"ofr20071360 - 2007 - Characterization of Petroleum Residue in the Entrada Sandstone, Colorado National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:24","indexId":"ofr20071360","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1360","title":"Characterization of Petroleum Residue in the Entrada Sandstone, Colorado National Monument","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nAs part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) petroleum resource assessment of the Uinta-Piceance Province, Colorado and Utah, in 2000 (USGS Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team, 2003), some 170 oils, oil stains, and oil seeps were geochemically characterized and divided into genetic types (Lillis and others, 2003). Recognized oil types include Minturn, Phosphoria, Grassy Trail Creek, Mancos, Mesaverde, and Green River. Subsequent to that study, the existence and general locality of petroleum residue in the Middle Jurassic Entrada Sandstone in Colorado National Monument (CNM) was brought to the attention of the authors (Scott and others, 2001). Because the analysis of such non-commercial petroleum deposits commonly yields valuable regional resource-trend information, we collected and characterized the reported CNM petroleum residue and compared the results with identified oil types in the Uinta-Piceance Province.\r\n\r\nThree samples of Entrada Sandstone with petroleum residue were collected near Little Park Road along the south edge of the CNM in sec.20, T.12S., R.101W. The approximate extent of the petroleum staining was determined by field testing with solvent, and the stains appear to be restricted to the upper part of the 'board beds' unit (informal name, Scott and others, 2001) of the Entrada Sandstone between the two fault traces of the Glade Park fault.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071360","usgsCitation":"Lillis, P.G., and King, J.D., 2007, Characterization of Petroleum Residue in the Entrada Sandstone, Colorado National Monument (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1360, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071360.","productDescription":"19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10478,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1360/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J. David","contributorId":55434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80631,"text":"ofr20071363 - 2007 - Simulation and Particle-Tracking Analysis of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Vogtle Electric Generation Plant, Burke County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T10:38:49","indexId":"ofr20071363","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1363","title":"Simulation and Particle-Tracking Analysis of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Vogtle Electric Generation Plant, Burke County, Georgia","docAbstract":"The source of ground water to production wells at Vogtle Electric Generation Plant (VEGP), a nuclear power plant in Burke County, Georgia, was simulated under existing (2002) and potential future pumping conditions using an existing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) MODFLOW ground-water flow model of a 4,455-square-mile area in the Coastal Plain of Georgia and South Carolina. Simulation results for three steady-state pumping scenarios were compared to each other and to a 2002 Base Case condition. The pumping scenarios focused on pumping increases at VEGP resulting from projected future demands and the addition of two electrical-generating reactor units. Scenarios simulated pumping increases at VEGP ranging from 1.09 to 3.42 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), with one of the scenarios simulating the elimination of 5.3 Mgal/d of pumping at the Savannah River Site (SRS), a U.S. Department of Energy facility located across the Savannah River from VEGP. The largest simulated water-level changes at VEGP were for the scenario whereby pumping at the facility was more than tripled, resulting in drawdown exceeding 4-8 feet (ft) in the aquifers screened in the production wells. For the scenario that eliminated pumping at SRS, water-level rises of as much as 4-8 ft were simulated in the same aquifers at SRS.\r\n\r\nResults of MODFLOW simulations were analyzed using the USGS particle-tracking code MODPATH to determine the source of water and associated time of travel to VEGP production wells. For each of the scenarios, most of the recharge to VEGP wells originated in an upland area near the county line between Burke and Jefferson Counties, Georgia, with none of the recharge originating on SRS or elsewhere in South Carolina. An exception occurs for the scenario whereby pumping at VEGP was more than tripled. For this scenario, some of the recharge originates in an upland area in eastern Barnwell County, South Carolina. Simulated mean time of travel from recharge areas to VEGP wells for the Base Case and the three other pumping scenarios was between about 2,700 and 3,800 years, with some variation related to changes in head gradients because of pumping changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071363","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., and Clarke, J.S., 2007, Simulation and Particle-Tracking Analysis of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Vogtle Electric Generation Plant, Burke County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1363, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071363.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10469,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Burke County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.75,32.5 ], [ -82.75,34 ], [ -81,34 ], [ -81,32.5 ], [ -82.75,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7076","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80630,"text":"ofr20061381 - 2007 - Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-09T17:04:01.035433","indexId":"ofr20061381","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1381","title":"Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"This report presents high-resolution geophysical data, interpretive maps, and a preliminary discussion about the oyster habitat and estuary-floor geology within Apalachicola Bay, Florida (fig. 1). During two research cruises, conducted in 2005 and 2006, approximately 230 km² of the bay floor were surveyed using interferometric-bathymetry, sidescan-sonar, and chirp seismic-reflection techniques. The research was conducted as part of a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center (CSC), and the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve was established in 1979 to provide opportunities for long-term monitoring and research to provide a basis for more informed coastal management decisions for this estuary.
Apalachicola Bay is the largest oyster fishery in Florida (Whitfield and Beaumariage, 1977), and the primary objective of this program is to develop a suite of maps that define oyster habitat distribution and estuary-floor geology within the bay. The resulting maps will assist in effective management of oyster resources and provide a reference geologic framework for future scientific and applied research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061381","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., Andrews, B., Edmiston, H.L., and Stevenson, W.R., 2007, Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1381, iii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061381.","productDescription":"iii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10468,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110751,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82800.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"82800"},{"id":194849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.0994,\n 29.79\n ],\n [\n -85.0994,\n 29.5989\n ],\n [\n -84.7528,\n 29.5989\n ],\n [\n -84.7528,\n 29.79\n ],\n [\n -85.0994,\n 29.79\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D.","contributorId":54180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmiston, H. Lee","contributorId":71652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmiston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevenson, William R.","contributorId":53492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}