The objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Harris Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death. This emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071421","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2007 Harris Fire, San Diego County, southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1421, 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071421.","productDescription":"24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10563,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1421/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.08333333333333,32.5 ], [ -117.08333333333333,32.78333333333333 ], [ -116.5,32.78333333333333 ], [ -116.5,32.5 ], [ -117.08333333333333,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80698,"text":"ofr20071415 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Canyon Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071415","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1415","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Canyon Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Canyon Fire in Los Angeles County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071415","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Canyon Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1415, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071415.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10557,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1415/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.71666666666667,34.016666666666666 ], [ -118.71666666666667,34.083333333333336 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.083333333333336 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.016666666666666 ], [ -118.71666666666667,34.016666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80701,"text":"ofr20071418 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ranch Fire, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071418","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1418","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ranch Fire, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Ranch Fire in Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071418","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ranch Fire, Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1418, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071418.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10560,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1418/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.93333333333334,34.38333333333333 ], [ -118.93333333333334,34.61666666666667 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.61666666666667 ], [ -118.63333333333334,34.38333333333333 ], [ -118.93333333333334,34.38333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80700,"text":"ofr20071417 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Rice Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071417","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1417","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Rice Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Rice Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071417","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Rice Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1417, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071417.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1417/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.333333333333336 ], [ -117.25,33.43333333333333 ], [ -117.11666666666666,33.43333333333333 ], [ -117.11666666666666,33.333333333333336 ], [ -117.25,33.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6058b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80699,"text":"ofr20071416 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Slide and Grass Valley Fires, San Bernardino County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071416","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1416","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Slide and Grass Valley Fires, San Bernardino County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Slide and Grass Valley Fires in San Bernardino County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 3.50 inches (88.90 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071416","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Slide and Grass Valley Fires, San Bernardino County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1416, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071416.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10558,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1416/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.26666666666667,34.13333333333333 ], [ -117.26666666666667,34.31666666666667 ], [ -117.01666666666667,34.31666666666667 ], [ -117.01666666666667,34.13333333333333 ], [ -117.26666666666667,34.13333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66def3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80703,"text":"ofr20071420 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Witch Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20071420","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1420","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Witch Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Witch Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071420","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Witch Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1420, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071420.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10562,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1420/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,32.833333333333336 ], [ -117.25,33.25 ], [ -116.58333333333333,33.25 ], [ -116.58333333333333,32.833333333333336 ], [ -117.25,32.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80705,"text":"ofr20071386 - 2007 - Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2006 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071386","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1386","title":"Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2006 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Kuskokwim mineral belt of Bundtzen and Miller (1997) forms an important metallogenic region in southwestern Alaska that has yielded more than 3.22 million ounces of gold and 400,000 ounces of silver. Precious-metal and related deposits in this region associated with Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary igneous complexes extend into the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle. The U.S. Geological Survey is in the process of conducting a mineral resource assessment of this region. This report presents analytical data collected during the third year of this multiyear study. A total of 138 rock geochemistry samples collected during the 2006 field season were analyzed using the ICP-AES/MS42, ICP-AES10, fire assay, and cold vapor atomic absorption methods described in more detail below. Analytical values are provided in percent (% or pct: 1 gram per 100 grams), parts per million (ppm: 1 gram per 1,000,000 grams), or parts per billion (ppb: 1 gram per 1,000,000,000 grams) as indicated in the column heading of the data table. Data are provided for download in Excel (*.xls), comma delimited (*.csv), dBase 4 (*.dbf) and as a point coverage in ArcInfo interchange (*.e00) formats available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1386/.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071386","usgsCitation":"Klimasauskas, E.P., Miller, M.L., and Bradley, D., 2007, Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2006 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1386, Report: 8 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071386.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10564,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,61 ], [ -156,61 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimasauskas, Edward P.","contributorId":80366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimasauskas","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80697,"text":"ofr20071414 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Buckweed Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:40","indexId":"ofr20071414","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1414","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Buckweed Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Buckweed Fire in Los Angeles County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 2.25 inches (57.15 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071414","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Buckweed Fire, Los Angeles County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1414, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071414.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1414/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.61666666666666,34.36666666666667 ], [ -118.61666666666666,34.6 ], [ -118.3,34.6 ], [ -118.3,34.36666666666667 ], [ -118.61666666666666,34.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80696,"text":"ofr20071413 - 2007 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ammo Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20071413","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1413","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ammo Fire, San Diego County, Southern California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe objective of this report is to present a preliminary emergency assessment of the potential for debris-flow generation from basins burned by the Ammo Fire in San Diego County, southern California in 2007. Debris flows are among the most hazardous geologic phenomena; debris flows that followed wildfires in southern California in 2003 killed 16 people and caused tens of millions of dollars of property damage. A short period of even moderate rainfall on a burned watershed can lead to debris flows. Rainfall that is normally absorbed into hillslope soils can run off almost instantly after vegetation has been removed by wildfire. This causes much greater and more rapid runoff than is normal from creeks and drainage areas. Highly erodible soils in a burn scar allow flood waters to entrain large amounts of ash, mud, boulders, and unburned vegetation. Within the burned area and downstream, the force of rushing water, soil, and rock can destroy culverts, bridges, roadways, and buildings, potentially causing injury or death.\r\n\r\nThis emergency debris-flow hazard assessment is presented as relative ranking of the predicted median volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) of rainfall over a 3-hour period. Such a storm has a 10-year return period. The calculation of debris flow volume is based on a multiple-regression statistical model that describes the median volume of material that can be expected from a recently burned basin as a function of the area burned at high and moderate severity, the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30 percent, and triggering storm rainfall. Cannon and others (2007) describe the methods used to generate the hazard maps. Identification of potential debris-flow hazards from burned drainage basins is necessary to issue warnings for specific basins, to make effective mitigation decisions, and to help plan evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071413","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., Bauer, M., Stitt, S.C., Knifong, D.L., McNamara, B.J., and Roque, Y.M., 2007, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the 2007 Ammo Fire, San Diego County, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1413, 1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071413.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 24 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1413/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.58333333333333,33.25 ], [ -117.58333333333333,33.416666666666664 ], [ -117.36666666666666,33.416666666666664 ], [ -117.36666666666666,33.25 ], [ -117.58333333333333,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Mark A. mabauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Mark A.","email":"mabauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stitt, Susan C.","contributorId":71642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stitt","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamara, Bernard J. bjmcnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":1407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Bernard","email":"bjmcnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roque, Yvonne M. ymroque@usgs.gov","contributorId":1345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roque","given":"Yvonne","email":"ymroque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80685,"text":"ofr20071310 - 2007 - Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T18:16:41.117134","indexId":"ofr20071310","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1310","title":"Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006","docAbstract":"The impending development for the west Hawai‘i coastline adjacent to Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO) may potentially alter coastal hydrology and water quality in the marine waters of the park. Water resources are perhaps the most significant natural and cultural resource component in the park, and are critical to the health and well being of six federally listed species. KAHO contains ecosystems of brackish anchialine pools, two 11-acre fishponds, and 596 acres of coral reef habitats, all fed by groundwater originating upslope. The steep gradients on high islands, combined with typically porous substrates and high rainfall levels at upper elevations, make these settings especially vulnerable to shifts in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and its entrained nutrients and pollutants. Little is known about the magnitude, rate, frequency, and variability of SGD and its influence on contaminant loading to Hawaiian coastal environments.
\nRecent studies show that groundwater flux through the park is vital to many ecosystem components including anchialine ponds and wetland biota. The function of these ecosystems may be vulnerable to changes in groundwater flow stemming from natural changes (climate and sea level) and land use (groundwater pumping and contamination). Oki and others (1999) showed that increased groundwater withdrawals for urban development since 1978 likely decreased groundwater flux to the coast by 50%. During this same time, the quality of groundwater has been vulnerable to increases in contaminant and nutrient/fertilizer additions associated with industrial, commercial and residential use upslope from KAHO (Oki and others, 1999).
\nHigh-resolution measurements of waves, currents, water levels, temperature and salinity were collected in the marine portion of the park from November, 2005, through July, 2006, to establish baseline information on the magnitude, rate, frequency, and variability of SGD. These data are intended to help researchers and resource managers better understand the hydrodynamics of the oceanographic environment in the park’s coastal waters as it pertains to the pathway of SGD and associated nutrient and contaminant input to the park’s coral reef ecosystem.
\nMeasurements were made of the oceanographic environment (waves, tides, currents, salinity and temperature) using hydrodynamic techniques to characterize and quantify the distribution, input and throughput of freshwater and associated nutrient/contaminant within the near shore environment of KAHO through the emplacement of a series of bottom-mounted instruments deployed in water depths less than 15 m. This study was conducted in support of the National Park Service (NPS) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Coral Reef Project. These measurements support the ongoing studies of the Coral Reef Project to better understand the transport mechanisms of sediment, larvae, nutrients, pollutants and other particles on Pacific coral reefs. Subsequent reports will address the spatial and temporal variability in groundwater input and the associated nutrient flux in the park’s waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071310","usgsCitation":"Presto, M., Storlazzi, C., Logan, J., and Grossman, E., 2007, Submarine ground water discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawaii Part I: Time-series measurements of currents, waves, salinity and temperature: November 2005 – July 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1310, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071310.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-11-01","temporalEnd":"2006-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071310.PNG"},{"id":390524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82897.htm"},{"id":293661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1310/of2007-1310.pdf"},{"id":10542,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6642\n ],\n [\n -156.02,\n 19.6642\n ],\n [\n -156.02,\n 19.6917\n ],\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6917\n ],\n [\n -156.0383,\n 19.6642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80684,"text":"ofr20071277 - 2007 - Southwest Exotic Mapping Program 2007: Occurrence summary and maps of select invasive, non-native plants in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T15:38:14","indexId":"ofr20071277","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1277","title":"Southwest Exotic Mapping Program 2007: Occurrence summary and maps of select invasive, non-native plants in Arizona","docAbstract":"An important aspect of management of invasive, non-native plants (invasive plants) is information on the type, location, and magnitude of infestations. Regional development of this information requires an integrated program of data collection, management, and delivery. The Southwest Exotic Plant Mapping Program (SWEMP), coordinated through the U.S. Geological Survey’s Southwest Biological Science Center, annually compiles occurrence records for infestations of invasive plants. Operating since 1998, the SWEMP team has accepted occurrence records contributed voluntarily by federal, tribal, state, and private collaborators and has compiled these contributions accumulatively with previous versions of SWEMP. The SWEMP 2007 regional database update, SWEMP07, contains 62,000 records for 221 plant species with records dating as far back as 1911 and up to December, 2006. Records include invasive plants in Arizona, eastern California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. SWEMP07 is available through the Southwest Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse (http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/research/projects/swepic/swepic.asp, click SWEMP).
Not all invasive plants are non-native and not all invasive plants are even invasive. The Arizona Invasive Species Advisory Council (2006) defined an invasive species as “a species that is (1) non-native to the ecosystem under consideration and, (2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm, or harm to human health”. SWEMP uses the U.S. Department of Agriculture PLANTS database (http://plants.usda.gov/) to determine if a plant is native or not to Arizona. As SWEMP does not independently assess the current or potential impact of invasive plants, we include most non-native plant records contributed. We have not included agricultural crops that are non-native, for example apples, oranges, etc.
In this open-file-report, we use the SWEMP07 update to summarize the occurrence of invasive plants in Arizona and present distribution maps for a select invasive plants in Arizona. We use the word occurrence purposefully instead of the word distribution. The SWEMP07 database only provides an estimate of the actual distribution of invasive plants in Arizona. The information provided is a first approximation of the state-wide extent of invasive plant distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071277","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension and School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., and Guertin, P., 2007, Southwest Exotic Mapping Program 2007: Occurrence summary and maps of select invasive, non-native plants in Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1277, v, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071277.","productDescription":"v, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1277/of2007-1277.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":344280,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WQ02JX","text":"Southwest Exotic Mapping Program (SWEMP) Database, 2007"},{"id":10541,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,31.25 ], [ -115,37 ], [ -108.75,37 ], [ -108.75,31.25 ], [ -115,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, Patricia","contributorId":37428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80691,"text":"ofr20071407 - 2007 - Preliminary analytical results for ash and burned soils from the October 2007 southern California wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T09:43:03","indexId":"ofr20071407","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1407","title":"Preliminary analytical results for ash and burned soils from the October 2007 southern California wildfires","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected ash and burned soils from about 28 sites in southern California wildfire areas (Harris, Witch, Ammo, Santiago, Canyon and Grass Valley) from Nov. 2 through 9, 2007 (table 1). USGS researchers are applying a wide variety of analytical methods to these samples, with the goal of helping identify characteristics of the ash and soils from wildland and suburban burned areas that may be of concern for their potential to adversely affect water quality, human health, endangered species, and debris-flow or flooding hazards. These studies are part of the Southern California Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project, and preliminary findings are presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071407","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Martin, D.A., Hoefen, T., Kokaly, R., Hageman, P., Eckberg, A., Meeker, G.P., Adams, M., Anthony, M., and Lamothe, P.J., 2007, Preliminary analytical results for ash and burned soils from the October 2007 southern California wildfires (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1407, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071407.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10548,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1407/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":97210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hageman, Philip","contributorId":93996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eckberg, Alison","contributorId":100091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckberg","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anthony, Michael","contributorId":33419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":80686,"text":"ofr20071315 - 2007 - Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T21:29:45.330727","indexId":"ofr20071315","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1315","displayTitle":"Video Documentation of Experiments at the USGS Debris-Flow Flume 1992–2024","title":"Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2024","docAbstract":"This set of videos presents about 19.1 hours of footage documenting the 183 experiments conducted at the USGS debris-flow flume from 1992 to 2024. Owing to improvements in video technology over the years, the quality of footage from recent experiments generally exceeds that from earlier experiments.
Use the link below to access the individual videos, which are mostly grouped by date and subject matter. When a video is selected from the list, multiple video sequences are generally shown in succession, beginning with a far-field overview and proceeding to close-up views and post-experiment documentation [https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/].
Interpretations and data from experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume are not provided here but can be found in published reports, many of which are available online at www.usgs.gov.
A brief introduction to the flume facility is also available online in USGS Open-File Report 92–483 [https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92483].
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071315","usgsCitation":"Logan, M., Iverson, R.M., and Obryk, M.K., 2007, Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2024 (ver 1.5, January 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1315, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071315.","productDescription":"Videos of experiments conducted at the USGS Debris-Flow Flume 1992–2024","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2024-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/versionHist_.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2007-1315 version history"},{"id":125451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2007_1315.jpg"},{"id":10543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1315/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0: November 23, 2007; Version 1.5: Revised January 30, 2026","contact":"Contact CVO
David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
Coastal erosion on Northern Gulf of Mexico barrier islands is an ongoing issue that was exacerbated by the storm seasons of 2004 and 2005 when several hurricanes made landfall in the Gulf of Mexico. Two units of the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS), located on Santa Rosa Island, a barrier island off the Panhandle coast of Florida, were highly impacted during the hurricanes of 2004 (Ivan) and 2005 (Cindy, Dennis, Katrina and Rita). In addition to the loss of or damage to natural and cultural resources within the park, damage to park infrastructure, including park access roads and utilities, occurred in areas experiencing rapid shoreline retreat. The main park road was located as close as 50 m to the pre-storm (2001) shoreline and was still under repair from damage incurred during Hurricane Ivan when the 2005 hurricanes struck. A new General Management Plan is under development for the Gulf Islands National Seashore. This plan, like the existing General Management Plan, strives to incorporate natural barrier island processes, and will guide future efforts to provide access to units of Gulf Islands National Seashore on Santa Rosa Island.
To assess changes in island geomorphology and provide data for park management, the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey are currently analyzing shoreline change to better understand long-term (100+ years) shoreline change trends as well as short-term shoreline impact and recovery to severe storm events. Results show that over an ~140-year period from the late 1800s to May 2004, the average shoreline erosion rates in the Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa units of GUIS were -0.7m/yr and -0.1 m/yr, respectively. Areas of historic erosion, reaching a maximum rate of -1.3 m/yr, correspond to areas that experienced overwash and road damage during the 2004 hurricane season.. The shoreline eroded as much as ~60 m during Hurricane Ivan, and as much as ~88 m over the course of the 2005 storm season. The shoreline erosion rates in the areas where the park road was heavily damaged were as high as -70.2 m/yr over the 2004-2005 time period. Additional post-storm monitoring of these sections of the island, to assess whether erosion rates stabilize, will help to parks to determine the best long-term management strategy for the park infrastructure.
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The assessments will be presented as a series of maps showing a relative ranking of the predicted volume of debris flows that can issue from basin outlets in response to a 3-hour duration rainstorm with a 10-year return period. Potential volumes of debris flows are calculated using a multiple-regression model that describes debris-flow volume at a basin outlet as a function of measures of basin gradient, burn extent, and storm rainfall. This assessment provides critical information for issuing basin-specific warnings, locating and designing mitigation measures, and planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071384","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., and Michael, J.A., 2007, Methods for the Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Fires of 2007, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1384, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071384.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1384/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1300000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.25,32.25 ], [ -119.25,34.75 ], [ -116,34.75 ], [ -116,32.25 ], [ -119.25,32.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80676,"text":"ofr20071261 - 2007 - A GIS Analysis of Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20071261","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1261","title":"A GIS Analysis of Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas","docAbstract":"A survey of the seagrass resources of Padre Island National Seashore was conducted in fall 2002 and 2003, with additional sampling through 2006, to resolve distribution questions. Location coordinates were recorded to thousandths of minutes of latitude and longitude and converted to decimal degrees (minus decimal degrees for longitude) for import into ArcView (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.). The seagrass core frequency data were developed as a theme in ArcView and overlaid on digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles of the U.S. Geological Survey to show sample depth with respect to mean sea level and frequency of occurrence of seagrass for five samples collected from every station sampled. These data were used to draw boundaries of area submerged at mean sea level and seagrass meadow in relation to the boundary of Padre Island National Seashore. Frequency of seagrass occurrence, mean plant height, shoot density, plant height multiplied by shoot density, live biomass, and dead biomass on a 1' latitude by 0.25' longitude grid were collected, and their distribution was plotted in space and according to depth. A User Guide for displaying data in ArcView is included at the end of this report.\r\n\r\nSeagrasses covered almost two-thirds of the regularly flooded part of Laguna Madre within the borders of Padre Island National Seashore. Comparisons with earlier surveys showed that substantial areas of seagrass cover had been lost in deep water between 1988 and 1998 as a result of a persistent phytoplankton bloom, and little recovery has occurred since. Maximum depth of seagrass occurrence responded to changes in water clarity. In contrast, much of the cover at shallow to intermediate depths lost at the south end of the study area between 1988 and 1998 was replaced by 2003. The seven stations with greatest plant height were located in this area of recent recolonization. Continuity of cover as measured by frequency of occurrence was high except near the edge of seagrass meadow. Decrease in this measure may be an indicator of meadow fragmentation, signaling deterioration of seagrass meadow before loss. The other measures of condition were so variable that they were insensitive indicators of impending change.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071261","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., and Ingold, J.J., 2007, A GIS Analysis of Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1261, Report: vi, 34 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071261.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.5,26.916666666666668 ], [ -97.5,27.75 ], [ -97.16666666666667,27.75 ], [ -97.16666666666667,26.916666666666668 ], [ -97.5,26.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4955e4b0b290850ef10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingold, Jaimie J.","contributorId":33007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingold","given":"Jaimie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80671,"text":"ofr20071293 - 2007 - Characteristics of Fault Zones in Volcanic Rocks Near Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071293","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1293","title":"Characteristics of Fault Zones in Volcanic Rocks Near Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"During 2005 and 2006, the USGS conducted geological studies of fault zones at surface outcrops at the Nevada Test Site. The objectives of these studies were to characterize fault geometry, identify the presence of fault splays, and understand the width and internal architecture of fault zones. Geologic investigations were conducted at surface exposures in upland areas adjacent to Yucca Flat, a basin in the northeastern part of the Nevada Test Site; these data serve as control points for the interpretation of the subsurface data collected at Yucca Flat by other USGS scientists. Fault zones in volcanic rocks near Yucca Flat differ in character and width as a result of differences in the degree of welding and alteration of the protolith, and amount of fault offset. Fault-related damage zones tend to scale with fault offset; damage zones associated with large-offset faults (>100 m) are many tens of meters wide, whereas damage zones associated with smaller-offset faults are generally a only a meter or two wide. Zeolitically-altered tuff develops moderate-sized damage zones whereas vitric nonwelded, bedded and airfall tuff have very minor damage zones, often consisting of the fault zone itself as a deformation band, with minor fault effect to the surrounding rock mass. These differences in fault geometry and fault zone architecture in surface analog sites can serve as a guide toward interpretation of high-resolution subsurface geophysical results from Yucca Flat.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071293","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., and Drake, R.M., 2007, Characteristics of Fault Zones in Volcanic Rocks Near Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1293, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071293.","productDescription":"53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10527,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1293/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.25,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,37.25 ], [ -115.91666666666667,37.25 ], [ -115.91666666666667,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,36.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. 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