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","language":"English","publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia","doi":"10.1590/S1679-62252012000400009","usgsCitation":"Makrakis, S., Castro-Santos, T.R., Makrakis, M.C., Wagner, R.L., and Spagnolo Adames, M., 2012, Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for neotropical fish species: Neotropical Ichthyology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 763-770, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000400009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"770","ipdsId":"IP-042530","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Parana","city":"Toledo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli","contributorId":90208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makrakis","given":"Maristela","email":"","middleInitial":"Cavicchioli","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Ricardo Luiz","contributorId":92166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Ricardo","email":"","middleInitial":"Luiz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spagnolo Adames, Mauricio","contributorId":315762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spagnolo Adames","given":"Mauricio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70069209,"text":"70069209 - 2012 - Juan de Fuca slab geometry and its relation to Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T09:36:45","indexId":"70069209","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T09:15:57","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juan de Fuca slab geometry and its relation to Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity","docAbstract":"A new model of the subducted Juan de Fuca plate beneath western North America allows first-order correlations between the occurrence of Wadati-Benioff zone earthquakes and slab geometry, temperature, and hydration state. The geo-referenced 3D model, constructed from weighted control points, integrates depth information from earthquake locations and regional seismic velocity studies. We use the model to separate earthquakes that occur in the Cascadia forearc from those that occur within the underlying Juan de Fuca plate and thereby reveal previously obscured details regarding the spatial distribution of earthquakes. Seismicity within the slab is most prevalent where the slab is warped beneath northwestern California and western Washington suggesting that slab flexure, in addition to expected metamorphic dehydration processes, promotes earthquake occurrence within the subducted oceanic plate. Earthquake patterns beneath western Vancouver Island are consistent with slab dehydration processes. Conversely, the lack of slab earthquakes beneath western Oregon is consistent with an anhydrous slab. Double-differenced relocated seismicity resolves a double seismic zone within the slab beneath northwestern California that strongly constrains the location of the plate interface and delineates a cluster of seismicity 10 km above the surface that includes the 1992 M7.1 Mendocino earthquake. We infer that this earthquake ruptured a surface within the Cascadia accretionary margin above the Juan de Fuca plate. We further speculate that this earthquake is associated with a detached fragment of former Farallon plate. Other subsurface tectonic elements within the forearc may have the potential to generate similar damaging earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012JB009407","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P.A., Blair, J., Waldhause, F., and Oppenheimer, D.H., 2012, Juan de Fuca slab geometry and its relation to Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B9, B09306; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009407.","productDescription":"B09306; 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-029746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jb009407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280957,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009407"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;California;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Juan De Fuca Plate","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.015833333333333335,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.015833333333333335,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.015833333333333335,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6363e4b0b290850fec2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, Patricia A. 0000-0003-2471-0018 pmccrory@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0018","contributorId":2728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"Patricia","email":"pmccrory@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blair, J. Luke","contributorId":102573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J. Luke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldhause, Felix","contributorId":50822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhause","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David H. oppen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","email":"oppen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040325,"text":"pp1650F - 2012 - Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America—Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T14:10:11.854947","indexId":"pp1650F","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T08:42:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1650","chapter":"F","title":"Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America—Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories","docAbstract":"Vegetation inventories (plant taxa present in a vegetation assemblage at a given site) can be used to estimate climatic parameters based on the identification of the range of a given parameter where all taxa in an assemblage overlap (\"Mutual Climatic Range\"). For the reconstruction of past climates from fossil or subfossil plant assemblages, we assembled the data necessary for such analyses for 530 woody plant taxa and eight climatic parameters in North America. Here we present examples of how these data can be used to obtain paleoclimatic estimates from botanical data in a straightforward, simple, and robust fashion. We also include matrices of climate parameter versus occurrence or nonoccurrence of the individual taxa. These relations are depicted graphically as histograms of the population distributions of the occurrences of a given taxon plotted against a given climatic parameter. This provides a new method for quantification of paleoclimatic parameters from fossil plant assemblages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1650F","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Pelltier, R.T., Strickland, L.E., Shafer, S., and Bartlein, P.J., 2012, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America—Modern data for climatic estimation from vegetation inventories: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1650F.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-f/Introduction.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1650_F.gif"},{"id":419974,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FPD80E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A gridded database of the modern distributions of climate, woody plant taxa, and ecoregions for the continental United States and Canada"}],"country":"Canada;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0000,21.9000 ], [ 173.0000,80.3000 ], [ -51.5000,80.3000 ], [ -51.5000,21.9000 ], [ 173.0000,21.9000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d85b65e4b0064e695a1419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Katherine H. 0000-0003-2677-6109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-6109","contributorId":52556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelltier, Richard T. 0000-0001-8322-7961 rtpelltier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-7961","contributorId":4683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelltier","given":"Richard","email":"rtpelltier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strickland, Laura E. 0000-0002-1958-7273 lstrickland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7273","contributorId":4682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Laura","email":"lstrickland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043944,"text":"70043944 - 2012 - Testing for genetic differences in survival and growth between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon from Warm Springs River, Oregon (Study sites: Warm Springs Hatchery and Little White Salmon River; Stocks: Warm Springs hatchery and Warm Springs River wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1996)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:53:13.438399","indexId":"70043944","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Testing for genetic differences in survival and growth between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon from Warm Springs River, Oregon (Study sites: Warm Springs Hatchery and Little White Salmon River; Stocks: Warm Springs hatchery and Warm Springs River wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1996)","docAbstract":"The program at Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery in north - central Oregon was initiated with spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Warm Springs River. Managers included wild fish in the broodstock most years and avoided artificial selection to minimize genetic divergence from the wild founder population. We tested for genetic differences in survival and growth between the hatchery and wild populations to ascertain whether this goal has been achieved. Progeny of hatchery x hatchery (HH), hatchery female x wild male (HW), and wild x wild (WW) crosses were genetically marked at the sSOD - 1* allozyme locus and released together as unfed fry in hatchery ponds in 1992 and 1996 and in the Little White Salmon River, in south - central Washington, in 1996. Fish were evaluated to returning adult at the hatchery and over their freshwater residence of 16 months in the stream. The three crosses differed on several measures including survival to outmigration in the stream (WW>HH>HW) and juvenile growth in the hatchery (1992 year - class; WW>HW>HH); however, results may have been confounded. The genetic marks were found to differentially effect survival in a companion study (HH mark favored over WW mark; HW mark intermediate). Furthermore, HW survival in the current study was neither intermediate, as would be expect ed from additive genetic effects, nor similar to that of HH fish as would be expected from maternal effects since HW and HH fish were maternal half - siblings. Finally, the unexpected performance of HW fish precludes ruling out maternal differences between hatchery and wild mothers as the cause of differences between HH and WW fish. The key finding that survival of HH fish in a stream was 0.91 that for WW fish, indicating a small loss of fitness for natural rearing in the hatchery population, is valid only if three conditions hold: (1) any selection on the genetic marks was in the same direction as in the companion study, (2) lower survival in the stream for HW than for HH fish resulted because some HW families were genetically atypical, not from problems w ith either pure type, and (3) lower survival for HH than for WW fish was not due to maternal effects. Although all three conditions had support, none of it was conclusive. This study provides only suggestions, not definitive answers for the primary quest ion of whether the hatchery population has diverged genetically from its wild founder population in fitness - related traits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L.A., and Leonetti, F., 2012, Testing for genetic differences in survival and growth between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon from Warm Springs River, Oregon (Study sites: Warm Springs Hatchery and Little White Salmon River; Stocks: Warm Springs hatchery and Warm Springs River wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1996), chap. 8 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 246-302.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030560","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385258,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Little White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7676544189453,\n 45.66348654108304\n ],\n [\n -121.7676544189453,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -121.49848937988281,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -121.49848937988281,\n 45.66348654108304\n ],\n [\n -121.7676544189453,\n 45.66348654108304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d3be4b0b13d391b4506","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628733,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":516968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leonetti, Frank Frank","contributorId":119970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonetti","given":"Frank","suffix":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70043947,"text":"70043947 - 2012 - Effect of size of unfed fry at release on survival and growth of juvenile steelhead in streams and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery, Silver Creek, and Twenty-Mile Creek; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1996 and 1999)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:50:16.114295","indexId":"70043947","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"7","title":"Effect of size of unfed fry at release on survival and growth of juvenile steelhead in streams and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery, Silver Creek, and Twenty-Mile Creek; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1996 and 1999)","docAbstract":"We tested whether differences in size of unfed fry at release affected survival and growth of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in hatchery ponds and streams. Differences in fry size were produced by selecting and spawning females that differed in the mean size of their eggs. Experiments were initiated in 1996 and 1999 with hatchery steelhead returning to the Clearwater River, Idaho. Fry size groups were small (mean fork length=26.7 mm, mean weight=0.149 g) and large (28.1 mm, 0.197 g) in 1996 and small (27.5 mm, 0.159 g), medium (28.2 mm, 0.190 g), and large (28.9 mm, 0.201 g) in 1999. Survival in the hatchery to near the end of the standard one year rearing period and in streams to late summer, three months after release, was higher for the large than for the small group in 1996 but was similar among groups in 1999. Survival in streams to age - 1 appeared to show the same pattern (large>small in 1996; no difference in 1999), but differences among fry size groups in emigration as well as mortality may have been involved. The inconsistency between years may have resulted because some 1996 female parents of the small group had exceptionally small eggs and were a year younger than the other 1996 females and all 1999 females. Growth in the hatchery was similar among groups in both years whereas growth in streams was faster for the large than for the small group in both years and intermediate for the medium group in 1999. Growth in streams appeared to be limited by food availability. Initially large fry probably out - competed smaller fry for limited food; however, we found no evidence that dispersal from release sites or emigration from streams was caused by competitive displacement of small by larger fish.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L.A., and Stenberg, K.D., 2012, Effect of size of unfed fry at release on survival and growth of juvenile steelhead in streams and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery, Silver Creek, and Twenty-Mile Creek; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1996 and 1999), 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026916","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Silver Creek, Twentymile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.92361450195311,\n 45.749558161214516\n ],\n [\n -115.92361450195311,\n 45.874951279880804\n ],\n [\n -115.60535430908205,\n 45.874951279880804\n ],\n [\n -115.60535430908205,\n 45.749558161214516\n ],\n [\n -115.92361450195311,\n 45.749558161214516\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d30e4b0b13d391b4480","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173 srubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":189436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen P.","email":"srubin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":814590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814592,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814593,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043964,"text":"70043964 - 2012 - Effect of developmental stage of unfed fry on survival and growth of steelhead released in a stream and hatchery ponds (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:41:40.146832","indexId":"70043964","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Effect of developmental stage of unfed fry on survival and growth of steelhead released in a stream and hatchery ponds (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996)","docAbstract":"We tested whether differences in developmental stage of unfed fry at release affected subsequent survival and growth of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in a stream and hatchery ponds. Differences in development were created by artificially spawning hatchery steelhead from the Clearwater River, Idaho, and incubating their progeny at three different temperatures (means=10.9, 11.3, and 11.7°C). Time between fertilization and maximum alevin wet weight (MAWW) was predicted from incubation temperature using a model. MAWW is equivalent to the button - up fry stage of development. Developmental stages at release were “underdeveloped” (97.7% of model - predicted time to MAWW, mean weight=0.177 g, proportion yolk=0.087), “intermediate” (102.5%, 0.179 g, 0.044), and “overdeveloped” (107.9%, 0.156 g, 0.030). Neither survival nor growth in the hatchery to near the end of the standard one year rearing period differed among groups. In the stream, frequency of overdeveloped fish relative to the other two groups decreased fro m release in May to September, probably indicating lower survival for the overdeveloped fish during that interval since emigration of sub - yearlings is typically negligible. Length in September was less for overdeveloped than for intermediate fish and was in between for underdeveloped fish, suggesting that growth between May and September was less for overdeveloped fish than for intermediate fish. Although changes in relative frequency and size occurred among fry development groups from September to one ye ar later, those changes may have reflected differences in emigration rate during the interval rather than differential survival or growth. Our results show a cost to survival and growth in a stream, but not in a hatchery, from overdevelopment characterize d by loss of weight and yolk reserves relative to fry closer to MAWW at release. We didn’t find any cost from underdevelopment; however, our underdeveloped fry were closer to MAWW than the overdeveloped fry, and they may have been no farther from MAWW than the intermediate fry based on percentage of model - predicted time to MAWW at release.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L.A., and Stenberg, K.D., 2012, Effect of developmental stage of unfed fry on survival and growth of steelhead released in a stream and hatchery ponds (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996), chap. 6 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 202-210.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026896","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","city":"Ahsahka","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Palouse River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.34092330932617,\n 46.49573342735796\n ],\n [\n -116.31723403930664,\n 46.49573342735796\n ],\n [\n -116.31723403930664,\n 46.51133004806836\n ],\n [\n -116.34092330932617,\n 46.51133004806836\n ],\n [\n -116.34092330932617,\n 46.49573342735796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.38592529296874,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -117.14996337890625,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -117.14996337890625,\n 47.2288945564232\n ],\n [\n -118.38592529296874,\n 47.2288945564232\n ],\n [\n -118.38592529296874,\n 46.68336307047754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d30e4b0b13d391b447c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628738,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628739,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628740,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628741,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043946,"text":"70043946 - 2012 - Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:25:47.834681","indexId":"70043946","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"\n
We tested whether varying incubation temperatures to match development between embryos from different spawning dates affected survival and growth of unfed steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss fry released in a stream and in hatchery ponds. Hatchery steelhead returning to the Clearwater River, Idaho were artificially spawned on two dates separated by a four week interval. Progeny from the early date (ExE, from early males and early females) were incubated in chilled (7°C) water and those from the late date (LxL) in ambient (12°C) water until developmental stage matched. A third group, created by fertilizing eggs from late females with cryopreserved milt from early males (ExL), was included to control for any genetic differences between early and late returning adults. Survival in the stream to 3 and 15 months after release was similar among crosses. Survival in the hatchery to near the end of the standard one year rearing period was similar among crosses for one of two year - classes but different for the other; however, it was difficult to ascribe the differences (ExL>ExE; LxL intermediate but closer to ExE) to incubation temperature differences. We conclude that there was little if any effect of incubation temperature on survival. Length of juveniles of one year - class differed among crosses in the stream and in the hatchery. Length of the other year - class differed among crosses in one pond at the hatchery but not in the other pond or in the stream. When length differed the pattern was always the same: ExE>LxL; ExL intermediate but closer to LxL. We speculate that incubation temperature may have affected growth of juveniles, and in particular that a longer period of incubation in chilled water may have caused fast juvenile growth relative to a shorter incubation period in ambient water.
\n
The accuracy of a model that predicts time between fertilization and maximum alevin wet weight (MAWW) from incubation temperature was tested for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery on the Clearwater River, Idaho. MAWW corresponds to the button-up fry stage of development. Embryos were incubated at warm (mean=11.6°C) or cold (mean=7.3°C) temperatures and time between fertilization and MAWW was measured for each temperature. Model predictions of time to MAWW were within 1% of measured time to MAWW. Mean egg weight ranged from 0.101-0.136 g among females (mean = 0.116). Time to MAWW was positively related to egg size for each temperature, but the increase in time to MAWW with increasing egg size was greater for embryos reared at the warm than at the cold temperature. We developed equations accounting for the effect of egg size on time to MAWW for each temperature, and also for the mean of those temperatures (9.3°C).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., and Slatton, S.L., 2012, Predicted time from fertilization to maximum wet weight for steelhead alevins based on incubation temperature and egg size (Study site: Western Fishery Research Center, Seattle; Stock: Dworshak hatchery; Year class: 1996), chap. 4 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 174-185.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026743","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d39e4b0b13d391b44f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628749,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slatton, Stacey L.","contributorId":169151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatton","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":628748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043949,"text":"70043949 - 2012 - Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T15:19:29.551622","indexId":"70043949","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"chapter":"3","title":"Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for survival, growth, dispersal, and male maturation in a natural stream (Study site: Twenty-Mile Creek; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"This study was initiated in the early 1990s to provide managers with data comparing genetic fitness for natural rearing, as measured by survival of juveniles in freshwater, between steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and wild steelhead from the Clearwater River, Idaho. We artificially spawned hatchery steelhead and wild steelhead from the Selway River, a Clearwater River tributary, released the resulting genetically marked (at the PEPA allozyme locus) progeny (HxH, HxW from hatchery females and wild males, and WxW) as unfed fry in a second order tributary of the South Fork Clearwater River, and monitored fish residing in the stream or emigrating from it for five years. Barrier falls prevented access to the stream by naturally produced steelhead. Over 90% of the emigrants were one or two years of age and too small to be smolts (mean fork length at age-2 = 103 mm). Per fry released, the HxH cross produced 0.64-0.83 times as many emigrants as the WxW cross (P<0.05). The HxH cross produced 0.63 times as many age-4 residuals as the WxW cross for one year-class (P=0.051) and 0.68 times as many for the other (ns). Survival from age-1 to age-4 was lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of one year-class (P<0.05) and survival from age-2 to age-4 may have been lower for HxH than for WxW residuals of the other (P=0.062). Collectively, these results indicate lower survival for HxH than for WxW fish. Size was often greater for HxH than for WxW fish indicating faster growth for the former, and condition factor was also usually greater for HxH than for WxW fish. Dispersal of fry from release sites and emigration of one- and two-year olds from the study stream were greater for WxW than for HxH fish, and apparently neither was from competitive displacement of small by larger fish. Incidence of flowing milt was higher for HxH than for WxW fish at age-2. Peak incidence of flowing milt for older residuals was similar among crosses (about 50%), but the peak occurred at greater size and age for WxW than for HxH residuals. HxW fish were intermediate between HxH and WxW fish, not similar to HxH fish, in survival, growth, condition, dispersal, and maturation, so differences among crosses likely resulted from additive genetic differences between the hatchery and wild populations rather than from maternal differences between hatchery and wild females. During our study, local managers decided against supplementing most wild steelhead populations in the Clearwater basin. Our study indicates that supplementing with Dworshak Hatchery fish is likely to reduce the fitness of wild populations through interbreeding and therefore supports that decision.
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,{"id":70043950,"text":"70043950 - 2012 - Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for growth and survival in the hatchery and seaward migration after release (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and Clearwater Hatchery; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T14:50:41.888721","indexId":"70043950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for growth and survival in the hatchery and seaward migration after release (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and Clearwater Hatchery; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"Various studies suggest that sea ranching of anadromous salmonids can result in domestication (increased fitness in the hatchery program) and a loss of fitness for natural production; however, the mechanism has not been characterized adequately. We artificially spawned hatchery and wild steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Clearwater River, Idaho, reared the resulting genetically marked (at the PEPA allozyme locus) progeny (HxH, HxW from hatchery females and wild males, and WxW) in hatcheries, and tested for differences in survival, growth, early maturation, downstream migration, and adult returns. Rearing treatments were mixed (crosses reared together) and separate (crosses reared separately from each other) at the hatchery of origin for the hatchery population where smolts are produced in one year, and at a nearby hatchery employing lower rations, lower winter temperatures, and two years of rearing to more closely mimic the natural life history (natural smolt age = 2-4 years). The hatchery population had been artificially propagated for six generations at the onset of our study. We found little or no difference in survival in the hatchery but substantially higher rates of growth and subsequent downstream migration for HxH than for WxW fish. Faster growth for HxH fish resulted in greater size at release which contributed to their higher migration rate, but other as yet uncharacterized traits also affected migration since the migration difference between crosses was apparent even within size classes. Growth of WxW fish was slower in the mixed than in the separate treatment indicating that WxW fish were competitively inferior to HxH fish in the hatchery environment. Incidence of precocious males was higher for WxW than for HxH fish in the separate but not in the mixed treatment. Incidence of HxH precocious males was similar between treatments. Apparently, the presence of HxH fish suppressed high incidence of early maturation by WxW males. A direct effect beyond the suppression of WxW growth by HxH fish was involved because the effect persisted within size categories. In-hatchery survival and growth of WxW relative to HxH fish may have been better with two-year rearing than in the standard one-year program (differences were consistent but small and non-significant); however, performance remained substantially worse for progeny of wild fish. Greater downstream migration for HxH than for WxW fish was primarily due to greater residualization for WxW than for HxH fish near the smolt release site rather than to immediate differential mortality. By August the residuals had lost condition compared to their condition in the hatchery the previous March, a month before release, and the residuals produced almost no smolts the following spring. Adult return rate was higher for HxH than for WxW fish for one year-class, consistent with the difference in downstream migration; only three adults (all WxW) returned from the other. Intermediate performance by HxW fish on growth, early maturation, downstream migration, and adult returns corroborated the genetic basis of the stock differences. Natural selection after release from the hatchery favored fish that performed well in the hatchery (grew fast, didn’t mature early, and excelled in other as yet uncharacterized traits) and genetically changed (domesticated) the wild population to resemble the hatchery population.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Hensleigh, J.E., Wetzel, L.A., and Baker, B.M., 2012, Genetic differences between hatchery and wild steelhead for growth and survival in the hatchery and seaward migration after release (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and Clearwater Hatchery; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery and Selway River wild; Year classes: 1994 and 1995), chap. 2 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 80-124.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-029632","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.2408447265625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -116.2408447265625,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -115.2740478515625,\n 46.50973514453879\n ],\n [\n -115.2740478515625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -116.2408447265625,\n 44.98811302615805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d34e4b0b13d391b4495","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628704,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628705,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":517000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hensleigh, Jay E.","contributorId":118799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baker, Bruce M. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":116696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70043945,"text":"70043945 - 2012 - Differences in survival and growth in hatchery and stream environments, and in maturation of residuls in a stream, between progeny of hatchery and wild steelhead (Study sites: Brushy Fork Creek and Dworshak Hatchery; Stocks:Dworshak hatchery and Fish Creek wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1993)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:01:37.181412","indexId":"70043945","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Differences in survival and growth in hatchery and stream environments, and in maturation of residuls in a stream, between progeny of hatchery and wild steelhead (Study sites: Brushy Fork Creek and Dworshak Hatchery; Stocks:Dworshak hatchery and Fish Creek wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1993)","docAbstract":"Freshwater survival in hatchery and natural rearing environments was compared between progeny of hatchery (H) and wild (W) steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Clearwater River drainage in Idaho. Adults from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery and wild adults from Fish Creek fish were artificially spawned, and their progeny were genetically marked at the PEPA allozyme locus and released together as unfed fry in production facilities at the hatchery and in Brushy Fork Creek, also in the Clearwater River drainage, in a common garden design. Survival was higher for H than for W progeny at the hatchery but lower for H than for W progeny in Brushy Fork, indicating reduced fitness of the hatchery population for natural rearing and suggesting domestication as the cause. Survival at the hatchery was lower than is typical due to disease outbreaks. Survival of the first year-class of experimental fish to smolt release was only 18%. Survival of H fish was 3.8 times that of W fish under these poor survival conditions. All fish from the second year-class died halfway through the scheduled 10 month rearing period. Survival of H fish was 5.2 times that of W fish to when 1% of the initial fry were still alive indicating that W fish succumbed to the epizootic sooner than did H fish. Emigrants from the Brushy Fork study reach were sampled for three years and fish residing in the study reach were sampled for six years following fry release. Most emigrants were one or two years old and too small to be smolts (mean fork length at age-2 = 93 mm). Survival in Brushy Fork was lower for H than for W fish of the first year-class. Survival of the second year-class was higher for H than for W fish during the first two months in the stream but was lower for H than for W fish thereafter, and net survival from release to ages 3 and older was also lower for H than for W fish if our emigrant samples were representative (periods of inoperative emigrant traps prevented certainty about this). Differences between progeny groups were also found for growth (H>W) and condition (H>W) in the hatchery and downstream migration success of hatchery-reared fish after release (H>W), and for growth (H<W for one year-class; H>W for the other), condition (H>W), downstream dispersal (H>W for one year-class; H=W for the other), and maturation of residuals (ovaries weight was greater for H than for W females at ages 4 and 5; testes weight was less for H than for W age-3 males of one year-class) in Brushy Fork. A thunderstorm-induced power outage interrupted flow to the incubation trays at the hatchery and compromised a major tenet of the common garden design for the second year-class, possibly contributing to the inconsistency in relative survivals in Brushy Fork between year-classes. The storm caused the incubation environment to differ between the stocks as a result of reduced oxygen levels and substantially higher densities for H alevins. This difference was illustrated by a 55% loss for H fish during the event, about twice that for W fish.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L., Hensleigh, J.E., Leonetti, F., Baker, B.M., Slatton, S.L., and Stenberg, K.D., 2012, Differences in survival and growth in hatchery and stream environments, and in maturation of residuls in a stream, between progeny of hatchery and wild steelhead (Study sites: Brushy Fork Creek and Dworshak Hatchery; Stocks:Dworshak hatchery and Fish Creek wild; Year classes: 1992 and 1993), chap. 1 of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 17-79.","productDescription":"62 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030564","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Brushy Fork Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -115.367431640625,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -114.44183349609375,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -114.44183349609375,\n 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,{"id":70043048,"text":"70043048 - 2012 - Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the conterminous United States: Utilizing the special report on emission scenarios at ecoregional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:54:19","indexId":"70043048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1841,"text":"Global Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the conterminous United States: Utilizing the special report on emission scenarios at ecoregional scales","docAbstract":"Global environmental change scenarios have typically provided projections of land use and land cover for a relatively small number of regions or using a relatively coarse resolution spatial grid, and for only a few major sectors. The coarseness of global projections, in both spatial and thematic dimensions, often limits their direct utility at scales useful for environmental management. This paper describes methods to downscale projections of land-use and land-cover change from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Emission Scenarios to ecological regions of the conterminous United States, using an integrated assessment model, land-use histories, and expert knowledge. Downscaled projections span a wide range of future potential conditions across sixteen land use/land cover sectors and 84 ecological regions, and are logically consistent with both historical measurements and SRES characteristics. Results appear to provide a credible solution for connecting regionalized projections of land use and land cover with existing downscaled climate scenarios, under a common set of scenario-based socioeconomic assumptions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.03.008","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Bouchard, M., Reker, R.R., Soulard, C.E., Acevedo, W., Griffith, G.E., Sleeter, R., Auch, R.F., Sayler, K., Prisley, S., and Zhu, Z., 2012, Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the conterminous United States: Utilizing the special report on emission scenarios at ecoregional scales: Global Environmental Change, v. 22, no. 4, p. 896-914, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.03.008.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"914","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-030516","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.03.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.03.008"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a9ce4b04c194073ae48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prisley, Stephen","contributorId":26272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prisley","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70045124,"text":"70045124 - 2012 - Uncovering the nonadiabatic response of geosynchronous electrons to geomagnetic disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:48:46","indexId":"70045124","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncovering the nonadiabatic response of geosynchronous electrons to geomagnetic disturbance","docAbstract":"We describe an energy spectrum method for scaling electron integral flux, which is measured at a constant energy, to phase space density at a constant value of the first adiabatic invariant which removes much of the variation due to reversible adiabatic effects. Applying this method to nearly a solar cycle (1995 - 2006) of geosynchronous electron integral flux (E>2.0MeV) from the GOES satellites, we see that much of the diurnal variation in electron phase space density at constant energy can be removed by the transformation to phase space density at constant μ (4000 MeV/G). This allows us a clearer picture of underlying non-adiabatic electron population changes due to geomagnetic activity. Using scaled phase space density, we calculate the percentage of geomagnetic storms resulting in an increase, decrease or no change in geosynchronous electrons as 38%, 7%, and 55%, respectively. We also show examples of changes in the electron population that may be different than the unscaled fluxes alone suggest. These examples include sudden electron enhancements during storms which appear during the peak of negative Dst for μ-scaled phase space density, contrary to the slow increase seen during the recovery phase for unscaled phase space density for the same event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012JA017543","usgsCitation":"Gannon, J., Elkington, S.R., and Onsager, T.G., 2012, Uncovering the nonadiabatic response of geosynchronous electrons to geomagnetic disturbance: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. A10, A10215, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017543.","productDescription":"A10215, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-040521","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273112,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017543"}],"volume":"117","issue":"A10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae9e4b07c214e64bd36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannon, Jennifer","contributorId":90190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elkington, Scot R.","contributorId":72286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elkington","given":"Scot","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onsager, Terrance G.","contributorId":64143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onsager","given":"Terrance","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045105,"text":"70045105 - 2012 - Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-14T11:50:32","indexId":"70045105","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami","docAbstract":"The April 11, 2012, magnitude 8.6 earthquake off the northern coast of Sumatra generated a tsunami that was recorded at sea-level stations as far as 4800 km from the epicenter and at four ocean bottom pressure sensors (DARTs) in the Indian Ocean. The governments of India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Maldives issued tsunami warnings for their coastlines. The United States' Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued an Indian Ocean-wide Tsunami Watch Bulletin in its role as an Interim Service Provider for the region. Using an experimental real-time tsunami forecast model (RIFT), PTWC produced a series of tsunami forecasts during the event that were based on rapidly derived earthquake parameters, including initial location and Mwp magnitude estimates and the W-phase centroid moment tensor solutions (W-phase CMTs) obtained at PTWC and at the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). We discuss the real-time forecast methodology and how successive, real-time tsunami forecasts using the latest W-phase CMT solutions improved the accuracy of the forecast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012GL053081","usgsCitation":"Wang, D., Becker, N.C., Walsh, D., Fryer, G.J., Weinstein, S.A., McCreery, C.S., and and others, 2012, Real-time forecasting of the April 11, 2012 Sumatra tsunami: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 19, 6 p.; L19601, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053081.","productDescription":"6 p.; L19601","ipdsId":"IP-040415","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00878973","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273717,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053081"},{"id":273718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Sumatra","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 95.19,-5.94 ], [ 95.19,5.66 ], [ 106.1,5.66 ], [ 106.1,-5.94 ], [ 95.19,-5.94 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51bc3b68e4b0c04034a01cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Dailin","contributorId":26957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Dailin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Nathan C.","contributorId":107173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, David","contributorId":27770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fryer, Gerard J.","contributorId":16735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryer","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weinstein, Stuart A.","contributorId":13120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCreery, Charles S.","contributorId":26606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreery","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":535462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70043641,"text":"70043641 - 2012 - Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Introduction and executive summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:54:54.711754","indexId":"70043641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Introduction and executive summary","docAbstract":"This report presents results of studies testing for genetically based differences in performance (growth, migration, and survival) between hatchery and wild populations of steelhead and Chinook salmon (Project Number 90-052). The report is organized into 10 chapters with a general study introduction preceding the first chapter. A growing body of data shows that domestication and a resulting loss of fitness for natural rearing occur in hatchery populations of anadromous salmonids; however, the magnitude of domestication will vary among species and hatchery programs. Better information on domestication is needed to accurately predict the consequences when hatchery and wild fish interbreed. The intent of hatchery supplementation is to increase natural production through introduction of hatchery fish into natural production areas. The goal of this study was to provide managers with information on the genetic risks of hatchery supplementation to wild populations of Columbia River Basin summer steelhead and spring Chinook salmon.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"2012, Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Introduction and executive summary, chap. of Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 5-12.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-06-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-01","ipdsId":"IP-041472","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d35e4b0b13d391b449a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Steve P. 0000-0003-3054-7173 srubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":3018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Steve","email":"srubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald","contributorId":29903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570039,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70155227,"text":"70155227 - 2012 - Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T11:20:15","indexId":"70155227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","docAbstract":"Silurian and Devonian natural gas reservoirs present within New York state represent an example of unconventional gas accumulations within the northern Appalachian Basin. These unconventional energy resources, previously thought to be noneconomically viable, have come into play following advances in drilling (i.e., horizontal drilling) and extraction (i.e., hydraulic fracturing) capabilities. Therefore, efforts to understand these and other domestic and global natural gas reserves have recently increased. The suspicion of fugitive mass migration issues within current Appalachian production fields has catalyzed the need to develop a greater understanding of the genetic grouping (source) and migrational history of natural gases in this area. We introduce new noble gas data in the context of published hydrocarbon carbon (C1,C2+) (![\"delta\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\")
13C) data to explore the genesis of thermogenic gases in the Appalachian Basin. This study includes natural gases from two distinct genetic groups: group 1, Upper Devonian (Marcellus shale and Canadaway Group) gases generated in situ, characterized by early mature (![\"Delta\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\")
13C[C1 ![\"minus\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\")
C2][13C113C2]: ![\"lt\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/LT.JPG\")
–9![\"permil\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\")
), isotopically light methane, with low (4He) (average, 1 ![\"times\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\")
103 cc/cc) elevated 4He/40Ar![\"ast\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\")
and 21Ne/40Ar (where the asterisk denotes excess radiogenic or nucleogenic production beyond the atmospheric ratio), and a variable, atmospherically (air-saturated–water) derived noble gas component; and group 2, a migratory natural gas that emanated from Lower Ordovician source rocks (i.e., most likely, Middle Ordovician Trenton or Black River group) that is currently hosted primarily in Lower Silurian sands (i.e., Medina or Clinton group) characterized by isotopically heavy, mature methane (13C[C1 – C2] [13C113C2]: ![\"gt\"](\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/GT.JPG\")
3), with high (4He) (average, 1.85 103 cc/cc) 4He/40Ar and 21Ne/40Ar near crustal production levels and elevated crustal noble gas content (enriched 4He,21Ne, 40Ar). Because the release of each crustal noble gas (i.e., He, Ne, Ar) from mineral grains in the shale matrix is regulated by temperature, natural gases obtain and retain a record of the thermal conditions of the source rock. Therefore, noble gases constitute a valuable technique for distinguishing the genetic source and post-genetic processes of natural gases.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03161211093","usgsCitation":"Hunt, A.G., Darrah, T.H., and Poreda, R.J., 2012, Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study: AAPG Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1785-1811, https://doi.org/10.1306/03161211093.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1785","endPage":"1811","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035235","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 44.645208223744035\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 44.645208223744035\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333abe4b033ef52106a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darrah, Thomas H.","contributorId":145769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrah","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poreda, Robert J.","contributorId":37797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70040124,"text":"ofr20121206 - 2012 - Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1206","title":"Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey documented a five-layer groundwater flow model of the Sierra Vista and Sonoran subwatersheds of the Upper San Pedro Basin. The model has been applied by a private consultant to evaluate the effects of projected groundwater pumping through 2105 and effects of artificial recharge at three near-stream sites for 2012-2111. The main concern regarding simulations of long-term groundwater pumping is the effect of artificial model boundaries on modeled response, particularly for pumping near Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, which is adjacent to an artificial no-flow boundary. Concerns regarding the simulations of the effects of artificial recharge near streams include the resolution of the model and the representation of the model properties at the site scale; a possible limited ability of the model to correctly apportion recharge response between increased streamflow and increased evapotranspiration; a limited ability of the model to simulate detailed geometries of artificial recharge areas and evapotranspiration areas; and stream locations with the 820-foot grid spacing of the basin-scale model. In spite of these concerns, use of the U.S. Geological Survey five-layer groundwater flow model by the consultant are reasonable and valid.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Sierra Vista","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Gungle, B., 2012, Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1206, vi, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121206.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1206.gif"},{"id":262177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1206/of2012-1206.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.8000,29.4900 ], [ -110.8000,33.4300 ], [ -109.0500,33.4300 ], [ -109.0500,29.4900 ], [ -110.8000,29.4900 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788d2fe4b0cfc2d59f5a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":40176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039757,"text":"70039757 - 2012 - Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:38:39","indexId":"70039757","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","docAbstract":"s the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000-2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1693","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.P., Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Griffin, D., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., Swetnam, T.W., Rauscher, S.A., Seager, R., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., Dean, J.S., Cook, E.R., Gangodagamage, C., Cai, M., and McDowell, N., 2012, Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality: Nature Climate Change, v. 3, p. 292-297, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1693.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","ipdsId":"IP-040354","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-b9ec-8z87","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44c5e4b0523e997a81e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, A. 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,{"id":70189368,"text":"70189368 - 2012 - Models, validation, and applied geochemistry: Issues in science, communication, and philosophy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T19:31:07","indexId":"70189368","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models, validation, and applied geochemistry: Issues in science, communication, and philosophy","docAbstract":"Models have become so fashionable that many scientists and engineers cannot imagine working without them. The predominant use of computer codes to execute model calculations has blurred the distinction between code and model. The recent controversy regarding model validation has brought into question what we mean by a ‘model’ and by ‘validation.’ It has become apparent that the usual meaning of validation may be common in engineering practice and seems useful in legal practice but it is contrary to scientific practice and brings into question our understanding of science and how it can best be applied to such problems as hazardous waste characterization, remediation, and aqueous geochemistry in general. This review summarizes arguments against using the phrase model validation and examines efforts to validate models for high-level radioactive waste management and for permitting and monitoring open-pit mines. Part of the controversy comes from a misunderstanding of ‘prediction’ and the need to distinguish logical from temporal prediction. Another problem stems from the difference in the engineering approach contrasted with the scientific approach. The reductionist influence on the way we approach environmental investigations also limits our ability to model the interconnected nature of reality. Guidelines are proposed to improve our perceptions and proper utilization of models. Use of the word ‘validation’ is strongly discouraged when discussing model reliability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.007","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2012, Models, validation, and applied geochemistry: Issues in science, communication, and philosophy: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1899-1919, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.007.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1919","ipdsId":"IP-038051","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965bacfe4b0d1f9f05b38db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043907,"text":"70043907 - 2012 - Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T14:32:13","indexId":"70043907","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales","docAbstract":"*Nutrient resorption is a fundamental process through which plants withdraw nutrients from leaves before abscission. Nutrient resorption patterns have the potential to reflect gradients in plant nutrient limitation and to affect a suite of terrestrial ecosystem functions.\n\n*Here, we used a stoichiometric approach to assess patterns in foliar resorption at a variety of scales, specifically exploring how N : P resorption ratios relate to presumed variation in N and/or P limitation and possible relationships between N : P resorption ratios and soil nutrient availability.\n\n*N : P resorption ratios varied significantly at the global scale, increasing with latitude and decreasing with mean annual temperature and precipitation. In general, tropical sites (absolute latitudes < 23°26′) had N : P resorption ratios of < 1, and plants growing on highly weathered tropical soils maintained the lowest N : P resorption ratios. Resorption ratios also varied with forest age along an Amazonian forest regeneration chronosequence and among species in a diverse Costa Rican rain forest.\n\n*These results suggest that variations in N : P resorption stoichiometry offer insight into nutrient cycling and limitation at a variety of spatial scales, complementing other metrics of plant nutrient biogeochemistry. The extent to which the stoichiometric flexibility of resorption will help regulate terrestrial responses to global change merits further investigation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Phytologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04249.x","usgsCitation":"Reed, S.C., Townsend, A.R., Davidson, E.A., and Cleveland, C.C., 2012, Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales: New Phytologist, v. 196, no. 1, p. 173-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04249.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-038060","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04249.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"196","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a227ae4b061e1bd5334c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, Alan R.","contributorId":62868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, Eric A.","contributorId":7983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040118,"text":"sim3211 - 2012 - Geologic map of the east half of the Bellevue South 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Issaquah area, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T20:52:29.699053","indexId":"sim3211","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3211","title":"Geologic map of the east half of the Bellevue South 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Issaquah area, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Issaquah area includes several of the most outstanding geologic features of the eastern Puget Lowland region. Folds have warped thousands of meters of Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Several hundred meters of both glacial and postglacial sediment have accumulated in a deep glacial trough, which is now partly occupied by Lake Sammamish but which was previously the conduit for massive volumes of meltwater during ice-sheet occupation and retreat. The eastern projection of an east-west-oriented crustal structure, which reflects Tertiary through Holocene fault displacement, extends across the eastern part of the map area. In addition to these geologic features, some of the most rapid human alteration of the landscape in the entire Puget Lowland has occurred here. Since the 19th century, coal was extensively mined and, since the early 1980s, the region has been overtaken by urbanization. In places, this alteration has dramatically accelerated the rate of geomorphic processes. For example, the hillsides have been regraded as a result of mining and quarries throughout the southern one-third of the quadrangle; stream channels have recently incised above the eastern shores of Lake Sammamish; and sediments have deposited on the lakeshore and into the lake itself.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3211","usgsCitation":"Booth, D.B., Walsh, T., Goetz-Troost, K., and Shimel, S.A., 2012, Geologic map of the east half of the Bellevue South 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Issaquah area, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3211, 1 Plate: 46.18 x 36.02 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3211.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.18 x 36.02 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3211.gif"},{"id":398874,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97427.htm"},{"id":262171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3211/sim3211_database.zip"},{"id":262173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3211/sim3211_readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":262175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3211/sim3211_metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":262174,"rank":300,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3211/sim3211_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County","otherGeospatial":"Belleview South 7.5' x 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.125,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 47.625\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 47.625\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506aadc7e4b0607fefbac5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":467744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Timothy J.","contributorId":107327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goetz-Troost, Kathy","contributorId":62690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz-Troost","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimel, Scott A.","contributorId":25252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043446,"text":"70043446 - 2012 - Thresholds for short-term acid and aluminum impacts on Atlantic salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-07T08:29:46","indexId":"70043446","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thresholds for short-term acid and aluminum impacts on Atlantic salmon smolts","docAbstract":"Although the negative effects of acid and aluminum (Al) on smolt development have been known for some time, the thresholds for impact of short-term exposure of several days that may occur during episodic acidification have not been systematically examined. In order to determine the levels of acid and Al that impact juvenile Atlantic salmon, smolts and yolk-sac larvae were exposed to three pH levels (6.0, 5.7, and 5.3) and four added Al levels (0, 40, 80 and 175 μg/L total Al) for 48 h. Following this treatment, 10 smolts were sampled in freshwater and another 10 were subjected to a 24 h seawater challenge (35 ppt). Survival of yolk-sac larvae was > 96% in all acid and Al treatments. All smolts died within 48 h at pH 5.3, 175 μg L− 1 Al. There were some mortalities in freshwater at pH 5.3, 80 μg L− 1 Al and pH 5.7, 175 μg L− 1 Al, and further mortalities when these fish were transferred to seawater. Mortalities in these groups were associated with decreased plasma chloride in freshwater and higher plasma chloride in seawater, indicating that these smolts had lost seawater tolerance. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity decreased at pH 5.7, 175 μg L− 1 Al in freshwater, and further decreases were observed at more moderate pH and Al exposures after transfer to seawater. Hematocrit and plasma glucose were the most sensitive physiological responses, increasing at all Al treatments at pH 5.7 and 5.3 in freshwater. There was no detectable increase in gill Al levels at pH 6.0 with added Al, whereas substantial increases in gill Al were observed in all added Al groups at pH 5.7 and 5.3. Our results demonstrate a critical interaction between acid and Al in their effects on smolts, and that episodic acidification events will negatively impact smolt survival in freshwater and after seawater entry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.001","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Lerner, D.T., Regish, A.M., O’Dea, M.F., and Monette, M.Y., 2012, Thresholds for short-term acid and aluminum impacts on Atlantic salmon smolts: Aquaculture, v. 362-363, p. 224-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.001.","startPage":"224","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-021574","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270630,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.001"}],"country":"United States","volume":"362-363","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51629570e4b0c25842758d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":2197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lerner, Darrren T.","contributorId":51175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerner","given":"Darrren","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265 aregish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":5415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"aregish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Dea, Michael F. modea@usgs.gov","contributorId":5417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dea","given":"Michael","email":"modea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monette, Michelle Y.","contributorId":95769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monette","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70127419,"text":"70127419 - 2012 - Effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus and four insecticides on Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T10:10:18","indexId":"70127419","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-30T10:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus and four insecticides on Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla)","docAbstract":"Chemical contamination may influence host-pathogen interactions, which has implications for amphibian population declines. We examined the effects of four insecticides alone or as a mixture on development and metamorphosis of Pacific Treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) in the presence or absence of the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]). Bd exposure had a negative impact on tadpole activity, survival to metamorphosis, time to metamorphosis, and time of tail absorption (with a marginally negative effect on mass at metamorphosis); however, no individuals tested positive for Bd at metamorphosis. The presence of sublethal concentrations of insecticides alone or in a mixture did not impact Pacific Treefrog activity as tadpoles, survival to metamorphosis, or time and size to metamorphosis. Insecticide exposure did not influence the effect of Bd exposure. Our study did not support our prediction that effects of Bd would be greater in the presence of expected environmental concentrations of insecticide(s), but it did show that Bd had negative effects on responses at metamorphosis that could reduce the quality of juveniles recruited into the population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/11-070","usgsCitation":"Kleinhez, P., Boone, M.D., and Fellers, G., 2012, Effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus and four insecticides on Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla): Journal of Herpetology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 625-631, https://doi.org/10.1670/11-070.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"631","ipdsId":"IP-028569","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1670/11-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294575,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/11-070"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc633e4b0abfb4c8097d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleinhez, Peter","contributorId":24294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinhez","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, Michelle D.","contributorId":55361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellers, Gary","contributorId":50458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70255732,"text":"70255732 - 2012 - Role of remote sensing for land-use and land-cover change modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-03T13:28:46.614651","indexId":"70255732","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-30T08:16:40","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Role of remote sensing for land-use and land-cover change modeling","docAbstract":"As the impacts of land-use and land-cover (LULC) change on carbon dynamics, climate change, hydrology, and biodiversity have been recognized, modeling of this transformational force has become increasingly important. Given the wide variety of applications that rely on the availability of LULC projections, modeling approaches have originated from a variety of disciplines, including geography, landscape ecology, economics, biology, and others. Initial modeling was often isolated within each discipline, but multidisciplinary modeling frameworks were developed as LULC modelers began to integrate the socioeconomic and biophysical components of LULC change. The empirical and theoretical basis for this work falls within land-use science, and this ‡eld documents both land-use and land-cover change, explains the coupled human-environment dynamics that produce the changes, and provides tools for producing spatially explicit LULC models (Mertens and Lambin, 1999; Rindfuss et al., 2004).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of land use and land cover","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/b11964-21","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T., and Sleeter, B., 2012, Role of remote sensing for land-use and land-cover change modeling, chap. 15 of Remote sensing of land use and land cover, p. 225-242, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11964-21.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"242","ipdsId":"IP-025704","costCenters":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":339876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":339877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":905498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161820,"text":"70161820 - 2012 - To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager's conundrum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T18:14:16.43111","indexId":"70161820","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager's conundrum","docAbstract":"Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) is an introduced liana (woody vine) that has invaded much of the Eastern United States and is expanding west into the Great Plains. In forests, it can girdle and damage canopy trees. At Indiana Dunes, we have discovered that it is invading non-forested dune habitats as well. Anecdotal evidence suggests that fire might facilitate its spread, but the relationship between fire and this aggressive invader is poorly understood. We investigated four areas important to fire management of oriental bittersweet, each of which we will briefly summarize here.
1) What fire temperatures cause seed mortality? For seeds, temperatures above 140°C for three minute or more kills the embryo. For fruits, temperatures above 140°C kill the seeds inside after five minutes. While oriental bittersweet fruits ripen in October and November, the seeds are not dispersed until later in the early to mid December. Thus fall fires will not have any impact on the seeds unless perhaps if they are near the ground. Late winter and early spring fires are likely to kill seeds in the top litter at least. Thus spring fire can reduce the pool of seeds available to germinate.
2) Does fire modify habitat susceptibility to invasion? We found that post fire environment had no effect on the emergence and survival of oriental bittersweet, except that the tallest plants, after two years since sowing, were in the control plots. Highest establishment occurred in mesic silt loam prairie and oak forest. Survival was greatest in mesic prairie and greatest biomass occurred in the oak forest.
3) Both fire and cutting can cause oriental bittersweet to resprout and root sucker. Does the resprouting response differ between these two treatments and can a combination of cutting and pre- or post-fire treatment facilitate its removal? Cutting sometimes increased stem density between one and two times, but burning increased density by two or more times depending on the maximum fire temperature and duration. Cutting in early July reduced total nonstructural carbohydrates by 50% from normal July levels and 75% below dormant season levels. Thus burning established populations will only serve to increase their local density.
4) How does oriental bittersweet abundance vary with fire regime and can we predict the abundance of this species in a fire mosaic landscape based on fire return interval and time since last fire? At the landscape scale, we can predict the presence and abundance of oriental bittersweet, but have less success predicting its cover and distribution. The presence of oriental bittersweet was significantly negatively influenced by canopy closure, burn frequency, and distance to roads and railroads. In plots where C. orbiculatus was present, abundance was significantly greater in plots with low to moderate burn frequency, and marginally (p = 0.056) lower in plots with greater canopy cover. Both cover and distribution of C. orbiculatus was not significantly affected by the measured variables. These results suggest the frequent fire may be effective in preventing the establishment of oriental bittersweet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Joint fire Science Program","usgsCitation":"Leicht-Young, S.A., Pavlovic, N.B., Grundel, R., Weyenberg, S.A., and Mulconrey, N., 2012, To burn or not to burn Oriental bittersweet: A fire manager's conundrum, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017053","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406145,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.firescience.gov/projects/08-1-2-10/project/08-1-2-10_final_report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.3248291015625,\n 41.62493858776385\n ],\n [\n -87.32585906982422,\n 41.60414765107674\n ],\n [\n -87.30113983154297,\n 41.59464832679814\n ],\n [\n -87.2647476196289,\n 41.5969591019372\n ],\n [\n -87.26337432861328,\n 41.57667280728488\n ],\n [\n -87.22732543945312,\n 41.58771550500517\n ],\n [\n -87.21324920654295,\n 41.59644560350027\n ],\n [\n -87.1826934814453,\n 41.601837133324395\n ],\n [\n -87.1490478515625,\n 41.601323673699724\n ],\n [\n -87.12982177734375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -87.10750579833984,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -87.09514617919922,\n 41.61364557706411\n ],\n [\n -87.08553314208984,\n 41.624681950391306\n ],\n [\n -87.05463409423828,\n 41.63622962087031\n ],\n [\n -87.0347213745117,\n 41.63648621227501\n ],\n [\n -86.95026397705078,\n 41.68701479467118\n ],\n [\n -86.92245483398438,\n 41.69983299902508\n ],\n [\n -86.92279815673828,\n 41.70752269548981\n ],\n [\n -86.91181182861328,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -86.91387176513672,\n 41.72084932414073\n ],\n [\n -86.9296646118164,\n 41.71239236092484\n ],\n [\n -86.94854736328124,\n 41.70752269548981\n ],\n [\n -87.06905364990234,\n 41.66393558993828\n ],\n [\n -87.12158203125,\n 41.649057939704974\n ],\n [\n -87.12947845458984,\n 41.64957101933682\n ],\n [\n -87.13119506835938,\n 41.65162329700054\n ],\n [\n -87.14115142822266,\n 41.64777522274766\n ],\n [\n -87.14733123779297,\n 41.64828831259533\n ],\n [\n -87.1490478515625,\n 41.64290066539074\n ],\n [\n -87.1596908569336,\n 41.64264409952472\n ],\n [\n -87.1603775024414,\n 41.63648621227501\n ],\n [\n -87.176513671875,\n 41.63597302844412\n ],\n [\n -87.17823028564453,\n 41.63263723394463\n ],\n [\n -87.22320556640625,\n 41.6262217593042\n ],\n [\n -87.25273132324217,\n 41.62288546018218\n ],\n [\n -87.28809356689453,\n 41.62237216807198\n ],\n [\n -87.28878021240234,\n 41.6244253119973\n ],\n [\n -87.29839324951172,\n 41.62493858776385\n ],\n [\n -87.3248291015625,\n 41.62493858776385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c4e4b01ccd54fddfe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weyenberg, Scott A.","contributorId":139026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weyenberg","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulconrey, Neal","contributorId":152092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulconrey","given":"Neal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18866,"text":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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