A DuPont Moisture Analyzer is used in a microcoulometric method for determining water in minerals. Certain modifications, which include the heating of the sample outside the instrument, protect the system from acid gases and insure the conversion of all hydrogen to water vapor. Moisture analyzer data are compared to concurrent data obtained by a modified Penfield method. In general, there is a positive bias of from 0.1 to 0.2% in the moisture analyzer results and a similarity of bias in minerals of the same kind. Inhomogeneity, sample size, and moisture pick-up are invoked to explain deviations. The method is particularly applicable to small samples.
The equilibrium distributions of solute species of aluminum at 25°C and one atmosphere pressure are shown graphically in systems containing fluoride, as functions of the total dissolved aluminum and fluoride. The predominant form of complex and degree of complexing are also shown graphically as functions of pH and fluoride activity. The graphs are based on the simultaneous solution of the equations representing nine complexing equilibria and three stoichiometric summarizations, using a fixed value of ionic strength equal to 0.1. Solubility relationships for aluminum hydroxide and cryolite also are shown graphically, using the same coordinates and additional equilibria. By overlaying an appropriate species distribution graph with a solubility graph a relatively complete summary of chemical relationships in an aqueous aluminum system can be obtained. Although this type of model has important limitations, it can accommodate enough variables simultaneously to have practical value and similar procedures could be used for other elements and systems of interest in low-temperature aqueous geochemistry.
The recent availability of borehole logging sondes employing a source of neutrons and a Ge(Li) detector opens up the possibility of analyzing either decay or capture gamma rays. The most efficient method for a given element can be predicted by calculating the decay-to-capture count ratio for the most prominent peaks in the respective spectra. From a practical point of view such a calculation must be slanted toward short irradiation and count times at each station in a borehole. A simplified method of computation is shown, and the decay-to-capture count ratio has been calculated and tabulated for the optimum value in the decay mode irrespective of the irradiation time, and also for a ten minute irradiation time. Based on analysis of a single peak in each spectrum, the results indicate the preferred technique and the best decay or capture peak to observe for those elements of economic interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(72)90601-5","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., Moxham, R., and Tanner, A., 1972, A comparison of radiative capture with decay gamma-ray method in bore hole logging for economic minerals: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 104, no. 3, p. 485-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(72)90601-5.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"485","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e371e4b0c8380cd4600d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010297,"text":"70010297 - 1972 - Prospects for earthquake prediction and control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T08:29:15","indexId":"70010297","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prospects for earthquake prediction and control","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault is viewed, according to the concepts of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, as a transform fault that separates the Pacific and North American plates and along which relative movements of 2 to 6 cm/year have been taking place. The resulting strain can be released by creep, by earthquakes of moderate size, or (as near San Francisco and Los Angeles) by great earthquakes. Microearthquakes, as mapped by a dense seismograph network in central California, generally coincide with zones of the San Andreas fault system that are creeping. Microearthquakes are few and scattered in zones where elastic energy is being stored. Changes in the rate of strain, as recorded by tiltmeter arrays, have been observed before several earthquakes of about magnitude 4. Changes in fluid pressure may control timing of seismic activity and make it possible to control natural earthquakes by controlling variations in fluid pressure in fault zones. An experiment in earthquake control is underway at the Rangely oil field in Colorado, where the rates of fluid injection and withdrawal in experimental wells are being controlled.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(72)90080-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., Lee, W., Pakiser, L.C., Raleigh, C., and Wood, M., 1972, Prospects for earthquake prediction and control: Tectonophysics, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 319-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(72)90080-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f57e4b0c8380cd7f6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pakiser, L. C.","contributorId":83512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pakiser","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raleigh, C.B.","contributorId":40219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, M.D.","contributorId":63930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70009812,"text":"70009812 - 1972 - Imaging experiment: The Viking Lander","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T21:39:11.875147","indexId":"70009812","displayToPublicDate":"1972-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging experiment: The Viking Lander","docAbstract":"The Viking Lander Imaging System will consist of two identical facsimile cameras. Each camera has a high-resolution mode with an instantaneous field of view of 0.04°, and survey and color modes with instantaneous fields of view of 0.12°. Cameras are positioned one meter apart to provide stereoscopic coverage of the near-field. The Imaging Experiment will provide important information about the morphology, composition, and origin of the Martian surface and atmospheric features. In addition, lander pictures will provide supporting information for other experiments in biology, organic chemistry, meteorology, and physical properties.
The persistent near-orthogonal pattern formed by oceanic ridges and transform faults defies explanation in terms of rigid plates because it probably depends on the energy associated with deformation. For passive spreading, it is likely that the ridges and transforms adjust to a configuration offering minimum resistance to plate separation. This leads to a simple geometric model which yields conditions for the occurrence of transform faults and an aid to interpretation of structural patterns in the sea floor. Under reasonable assumptions, it is much more difficult for diverging plates to spread a kilometer of ridge than to slip a kilometer of transform fault, and the patterns observed at spreading centers might extend to lithospheric depths. Under these conditions, the resisting force at spreading centers could play a significant role in the dynamics of plate-tectonic systems.
An experiment centering around a mass spectrometer is described, which is aimed at the identification of organic substances present in the top 10 cm of the surface of Mars and an analysis of the atmosphere for major and minor constituents as well as isotopic abundances. In addition, an indication of the abundance of water in the surface and some information concerning the mineralogy can be obtained by monitoring the gases produced upon heating the soil sample.
The organic material will simply be expelled by heating to 150°, 300°, and 500° into the carrier gas stream of a gas chromatograph interfaced to the mass spectrometer or by slowly heating the sample in direct communication with the spectrometer. It is planned to analyze a total of up to nine soil samples in order to study diurnal and seasonal variations. The system is designed to give useful data even for minor constituents if the total of organics should be as low as 5ppm. The spectrometer covers the mass range of 12–200 with adequate resolution.
The results of these experiments, which are deliberately designed to cover a wide spectrum of possibilities independent of terrestrial models, are expected to produce a good picture of the planet's organic chemistry and its possible biological significance as well as allow conclusions regarding the history of the planet's atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(72)90140-6","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.M., Biemann, K., Orgel, L.E., Oro, J., Owen, T., Shulman, G.P., Toulmin, P., and Urey, H.C., 1972, Mass spectrometric analysis of organic compounds, water and volatile constituents in the atmosphere and surface of Mars: The Viking Mars Lander: Icarus, v. 16, no. 1, p. 111-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90140-6.","startPage":"111","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5255e4b0c8380cd6c328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Duwayne M.","contributorId":191734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Duwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33087,"text":"Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biemann, K.","contributorId":76065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biemann","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orgel, Leslie E.","contributorId":50652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orgel","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":33348,"text":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oro, John","contributorId":21683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oro","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33349,"text":"Department of Biophysical Science, University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shulman, Garson P.","contributorId":16155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shulman","given":"Garson","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Toulmin, Priestley III","contributorId":8522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toulmin","given":"Priestley","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Urey, H. C.","contributorId":44284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urey","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70047418,"text":"70047418 - 1971 - Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52265,"text":"ofr6299 - 1961 - Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency","indexId":"ofr6299","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047418,"text":"70047418 - 1971 - Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968","indexId":"70047418","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:03:33","indexId":"70047418","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:31:52","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":145,"text":"Arkansas Geological Commission Water Resources Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968","docAbstract":"Techniques are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on Arkansas streams. Modern topographic maps now available and computer techniques facilitate in making a comprehensive analysis in which physical and climactic characteristics of river basins are related to flood characteristics at gaging stations. Equations derived from the analysis make it possible to estimate the magnitude of future floods with recurrence intervals of as much as 50 years on gaged and ungaged streams that have drainage areas of 0.1-3,000 square miles. An estimate of the future flood potential can be used to locate and design flood-control structures, establish flood-insurance rates, and devise flood-zoning plans.
Appendixes in the report contain data on flood characteristics of gaged drainage basins, a summary of climatic and topographic characteristics of drainage basins, peak stages and discharges for gaging stations that have 5 or more years of record, and peak-flow data for outstanding floods at miscellaneous sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arkansas Geological Commission","publisherLocation":"Little Rock, Arkansas","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission and Arkansas State Highway Commission","usgsCitation":"Patterson, J.L., 1971, Floods in Arkansas, magnitude and frequency characteristics through 1968: Arkansas Geological Commission Water Resources Circular 11, viii, 21, A-26, B-199 p.","productDescription":"viii, 21, A-26, B-199 p.","numberOfPages":"258","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047418.PNG"},{"id":276042,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geology.ar.gov/pdf/Water%20Resources%20Circular%2011_v.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6448,36.4997 ], [ -89.6448,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c961e4b009d47a4c2377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, James L.","contributorId":17593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16177,"text":"ofr71272 - 1971 - Documentation of the Apollo 14 samples","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16177,"text":"ofr71272 - 1971 - Documentation of the Apollo 14 samples","indexId":"ofr71272","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of the Apollo 14 samples"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":24970,"text":"pp880 - 1977 - Geology of the Apollo 14 landing site in the Fra Mauro highlands","indexId":"pp880","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Apollo 14 landing site in the Fra Mauro highlands"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":24970,"text":"pp880 - 1977 - Geology of the Apollo 14 landing site in the Fra Mauro highlands","indexId":"pp880","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Apollo 14 landing site in the Fra Mauro highlands"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T17:18:03.369403","indexId":"ofr71272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-272","title":"Documentation of the Apollo 14 samples","docAbstract":"This report was prepared to illustate the locations and lunar orientations of the documented samples returned by Apollo 14. It supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Interagency Report No. 27 (Swann et al., 1971a). Some of the illustrations are taken from the Preliminary Science Report (\"Ninety-day report\") submitted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by the Apollo Lunar Geology Investigation (S-059) team (Swann et al., 1971h).
Sample locations were determined from lunar surface photographs, from descriptions by the astronauts at the time of sampling, and from a correlation between sample bags in which the samples were returned and the traverse locations where those bags were used.
The lunar orientations of samples were determined from correlations between the samples, as seen in the LRL, with photographs taken on the lunar surface before the samples were collected. In several cases, NASA models of samples were used for the purpose of identification and orientation. Oblique lighting was used to reconstruct the approximate lunar orientations of identified samples (Sutton and Schaber, 1971).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71272","usgsCitation":"Sutton, R.L., Batson, R.M., Larson, K., Shafer, J., Egglton, R., and Swann, G., 1971, Documentation of the Apollo 14 samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-272, 37 leaves :ill,. map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71272.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":503718,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0272/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, R. L.","contributorId":24364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, K.B.","contributorId":55410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafer, J.P.","contributorId":53814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Egglton, R.E.","contributorId":63409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egglton","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swann, G.A.","contributorId":8859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swann","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":49256,"text":"ofr72308 - 1971 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Escondido Creek, San Antonio River basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:11:53","indexId":"ofr72308","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-308","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Escondido Creek, San Antonio River basin, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of the \"Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found a total of approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures to be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1970, 1,439 of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the surface and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
Hydrologic investigations of these small watersheds were begun by the Geological Survey in 1951 and are now being made in 12 study areas (fig. 1). These investigations are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watershed having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas, (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study areas of September 30, 1970, is shown in table 1.
The purpose of these investigations is to collect sufficient data to meeting the following objectives:
This report, which is the tenth in a series of basic-data reports published annually for the Escondido Creek study area, contains the rainfall, runoff, and storage data collected during the 1970 water year for the 72.4-square-mile area above the stream-gaging station Escondido Creek at Kenedy, Texas. The location of floodwater-retarding structures and hydrologic-instrument installations in the Escondido Creek study area are shown on figure 2.
This investigation is scheduled to continue through a period of both above- and below-normal precipitation to define the various factors used in the analyses of rainfall-runoff relationship.
To facilitate the publication and distribution of this report at the earliest feasible time, certain material contained herein does not conform to the formal publication standards of the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72308","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Reddy, D., 1971, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Escondido Creek, San Antonio River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-308, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72308.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287733,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0308/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Escondido Creek, San Antonio River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 29.597341920567366\n ],\n [\n -98.33587646484375,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -98.43200683593749,\n 29.504159065872624\n ],\n [\n -98.4649658203125,\n 29.348663646523626\n ],\n [\n -98.43475341796875,\n 29.279212053761196\n ],\n [\n -98.33587646484375,\n 29.0969770630431\n ],\n [\n -98.16558837890625,\n 28.950475674848008\n ],\n [\n -98.09417724609375,\n 28.859107573773\n ],\n [\n -97.767333984375,\n 28.591756892502065\n ],\n [\n -96.9598388671875,\n 28.183401855246004\n ],\n [\n -96.7730712890625,\n 28.212449285338465\n ],\n [\n -96.68243408203125,\n 28.36723539252299\n ],\n [\n -96.624755859375,\n 28.53144857631924\n ],\n [\n -96.712646484375,\n 28.717087374872186\n ],\n [\n -96.78680419921875,\n 28.9120147012556\n ],\n [\n -97.0477294921875,\n 29.180941290001776\n ],\n [\n -97.28805541992188,\n 29.416871709790748\n ],\n [\n -97.43087768554688,\n 29.513720234908057\n ],\n [\n -97.53799438476562,\n 29.526865367677583\n ],\n [\n -97.72201538085938,\n 29.545982511818\n ],\n [\n -97.83187866210936,\n 29.54956657394792\n ],\n [\n -97.98980712890625,\n 29.58540020340835\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 29.597341920567366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, D.R.","contributorId":14027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60447,"text":"mf310 - 1971 - Preliminary photointerpretation map of landslide and other surficial deposits of the Mount Diablo area, Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:31:45","indexId":"mf310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"310","title":"Preliminary photointerpretation map of landslide and other surficial deposits of the Mount Diablo area, Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California","docAbstract":"The map shows the distribution of landslide and other surficial deposits by presenting the writer's best judgement regarding the origins of the various parts of the present landscape. It is based completely on the interpretation of aerial photographs through a stereoscope, which permits a three-dimentional relief model of the ground surface to be seen, enables the geologist to study and interpret the origins of landforms with considerable ease. In fact, photointerpretation provides many advantages over both ground observations and laboratory studies of surficial materials in the mapping of surficial deposits, particularily for reconnaissance-type studies. Of course, better information can be provided when all aspects of the studyy are integrated. These preliminary photointerpretation maps are the inital stage of a continuing, more detailed study of surficial deposits in the Bay region, but they will hopefully provide map users with immediately useful information about the regional distribution of landslide and other surficial deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf310","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T., 1971, Preliminary photointerpretation map of landslide and other surficial deposits of the Mount Diablo area, Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 310, 35.54 x 23.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf310.","productDescription":"35.54 x 23.54 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf310.PNG"},{"id":327393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0310/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda, Contra Costa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,37.75 ], [ -122,38 ], [ -121.75,38 ], [ -121.75,37.75 ], [ -122,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6965af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Tor H.","contributorId":100016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Tor H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67234,"text":"i678 - 1971 - Geologic map of the Bonpland PQC region of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T16:16:13.838711","indexId":"i678","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"678","subseriesTitle":"MOON","title":"Geologic map of the Bonpland PQC region of the Moon","docAbstract":"This geologic map has been prepared from the photographic data returned by Ranger VII and is one of a series prepared from the data returned by the Ranger VII, VIII, and IX spacecraft. The map area, in Mare Cognitum, includes the Ranger VII impact point. The map shows the geologic relationship of surface units at the distal end of a ray from either the crater Tycho (Shoemaker, 1965, p. 86) or the crater Copernicus (U.S. Geol. Survey, 1971). None of the craters nor the surface detail have been resolved on Earth-based photographs; the map area appears as only a faintly bright spot on high-quality full-Moon photographs.
The oldest materials recognized are those which once formed the level mare surface. These materials have been comminuted by impact and modified by shock, radiation, solar wind, and temperature effects. They are interpreted to have originally been volcanic.
Superposed on the mare material is a cluster of elongate craters (unit ce). The topographic forms and surface characteristics of this unit appears to be contiguous with a belt of the south of similar forms and characteristics. In the map area, parallel to subparallel north-trending subdued craters and very gentle depressions, generally deepest and most pronounced at their north ends, are the most conspicuous landforms. They lack prominent rims and are not as distinct as typical circular craters of the same size. Their floors are irregular in profile, and walls are gently sloping. This form, the consistent alignment of the elongated craters, and the fact the belt of elongated craters extends to the south suggest the impact of a group of objects traveling at low velocities and low trajectory angles after ejection from Tycho, about 1,000 km to the south.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/i678","usgsCitation":"Titley, S., 1971, Geologic map of the Bonpland PQC region of the Moon: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 678, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i678.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0678/plate-1.pdf","size":"5510","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"10000","otherGeospatial":"Moon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69dbd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titley, S.R.","contributorId":60602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titley","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49023,"text":"ofr7186 - 1971 - Electric analog model study of water in the Guayama area, Puerto Rico; Phase 1, Assembling data for the analog model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:40","indexId":"ofr7186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-86","title":"Electric analog model study of water in the Guayama area, Puerto Rico; Phase 1, Assembling data for the analog model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7186","usgsCitation":"Diaz, J., 1971, Electric analog model study of water in the Guayama area, Puerto Rico; Phase 1, Assembling data for the analog model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-86, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7186.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60edf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, J.R.","contributorId":81170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48045,"text":"ofr72206 - 1971 - The relation of turbulence to diffusion in open-channel flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T09:44:44","indexId":"ofr72206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-206","title":"The relation of turbulence to diffusion in open-channel flows","docAbstract":"This investigation examines the interrelation between turbulent diffusion, dispersion, and the statistical properties of turbulence in an open-channel flow. The experiments were conducted in a 3. 87- foot wide flume over four boundary roughnesses. The results are from studies made of: (1) the influence of turbulence on the vertical and lateral diffusion of plumes of heated water and a neutrally-buoyant salt solution from a point source at the mid-depth of flow; (2) the velocity concentration covariance along the axis of a salt solution plume using a single-electrode conductivity probe and hot-film sensor; (3) lateral and longitudinal surface diffusion measured by dropping polyethylene particles on the water surface; and (4) longitudinal space-time velocity correlation measurements.
\nThe results of the study substantiate Philip's concept relating the ratio of Eulerian to estimated Lagrangian time scales and the reciprocal of the longitudinal intensity of turbulence. The relation is used to predict coefficients of longitudinal turbulent diffusion at the water surface and in the flow field. A similar concept using an integral time scale based on the longitudinal intensity of turbulence is used to predict coefficients of both surface and depth-averaged turbulent diffusion in three coordinate directions for heated water and neutrally buoyant jets of salt solution.
\nLongitudinal space-time velocity correlation measurements can be used to predict the Lagrangian time scale only under limited conditions. For this study the Lagrangian scale was underpredicted by 250 percent.
\nA model is developed for the behavior of the longitudinal velocity concentration covariance along the axis of a plume of neutrally-buoyant salt solution. The covariance measurements are accurate to ±20 percent . The boussinesq model of scalar transport is verified with an accuracy of ±25 percent by comparing diffusion coefficients from (1) the velocity concentration covariance measurements with (2) those obtained at the water surface using floating particles. The hot-film single-electrode conductivity probe method for measuring the covariance offers a new tool to experimenters in turbulent mass transfer.
\nUnder the range of conditions studied, longitudinal diffusion accounts for 4 to 13 percent of the one-dimensional dispersion process. Predictions of the dispersion coefficient by formulas such as Elder's were in error by as much as 50 percent.
\nThe exponent in the power-law equation describing the decay of scalar quantities downstream of a jet is a linear function of the shear velocity of the channel. The length of the core region of a jet is a power-law function of the jet strength with the exponent depending on boundary roughness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72206","usgsCitation":"Keefer, T.N., 1971, The relation of turbulence to diffusion in open-channel flows: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-206, viii, 141 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72206.","productDescription":"viii, 141 p.","numberOfPages":"157","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72206.jpg"},{"id":314081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48005,"text":"ofr7211 - 1971 - Data for wells in the Modesto-Merced area, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T11:58:28","indexId":"ofr7211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-11","title":"Data for wells in the Modesto-Merced area, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Modesto-Merced area is in the northeastern part of the San Joaquin Valley. The area includes about 1,800 square miles that lie in the eastern portions of Merced and Stanislaus Counties. Specifically the boundaries are: North, the Stanislaus River; south, the Merced-Madera County line; east, the Merced-Mariposa and the Stanislaus-Tuolumne County lines; west, the San Joaquin River.
Between September 1970 and May 1971, 859 wells were selectively canvassed in the area. The resulting data are on file in the U.S. Geological Survey office at 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, Calif. Selected well data are tabulated in table 1, and the location of these wells is shown on maps 1-65. Selected chemical analyses are shown in table 2. Table 3 is a listing of the well numbers of all wells canvassed in the area by the U.S. Geological Survey through April 1971.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Balding, G.O., and Page, R.W., 1971, Data for wells in the Modesto-Merced area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-11, iv, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7211.","productDescription":"iv, 122 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":371414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balding, Gary O.","contributorId":25210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balding","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, R. W.","contributorId":17215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47995,"text":"ofr71341 - 1971 - Suggested criteria for hydrologic design of storm-drainage facilities in the San Francisco Bay Region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T10:01:14","indexId":"ofr71341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-341","title":"Suggested criteria for hydrologic design of storm-drainage facilities in the San Francisco Bay Region, California","docAbstract":"This report presents basic criteria, in the form of tables and graphs, for each of the four methods of hydrologic design most commonly used in the San Francisco Bay region--flood-frequency analysis, Rational Method, unit-hydrograph method, and runoff simulation by means of hydrologic basin modeling. The term \"hydrologic design\" as used in this report refers to the computation of either design values of peak discharge or design hydrographs of storm runoff. The hydraulics of open-channel and pipeline flow and the actual design of appurtenances for conveying the runoff are not discussed in this paper.
\nUse of the suggested criteria results in fairly close agreement between peak discharges computed by the flood-frequency and unit-hydrograph methods. Those peak discharges are not directly comparable with discharges computed by the Rational Method, in part because the results obtained by the Rational Method are affected by the values assigned to parameters for overland and channel flow. Those parameters are additional to the ones used in the flood-frequency and unit-hydrograph methods. A demonstration of runoff simulation by use of a hydrologic basin model is beyond the scope of this paper--such demonstrations are found in the appropriate references cited. However, this report does present an original technique for transposing storm rainfall in the region, storm transposition being commonly required to obtain the precipitation input used with hydrologic basin models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr71341","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development","usgsCitation":"Rantz, S.E., 1971, Suggested criteria for hydrologic design of storm-drainage facilities in the San Francisco Bay Region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-341, v, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71341.","productDescription":"v, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287438,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0341/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rantz, Saul Edward","contributorId":63876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rantz","given":"Saul","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47986,"text":"ofr71303 - 1971 - Compilation of hydrologic data, Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-15T19:31:14.83614","indexId":"ofr71303","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-303","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data, Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 19 36 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. In June 1968, the Soil Conservation Service estimated approximately 3,500 structures to be physically and economically feasible for installation in Texas. As of September 30, 1968, 1,271 of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data are needed to appraise the effects of structures on water yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
Hydrologic investigations of these small watersheds were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1951 and are now being made in 11 areas (fig. 1). These studies are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant ounty Water Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 11 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In four of the study areas (Mukewater, North, Little Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. Structures have now been built in three of these study areas. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures on each study area as of September 30, 1968, is shown in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr71303","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, Compilation of hydrologic data, Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-303, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71303.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0303/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0303/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Pin Oak Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.90765380859375,\n 31.344254455668054\n ],\n [\n -96.12487792968749,\n 31.344254455668054\n ],\n [\n -96.12487792968749,\n 31.891550612684366\n ],\n [\n -96.90765380859375,\n 31.891550612684366\n ],\n [\n -96.90765380859375,\n 31.344254455668054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48067,"text":"ofr72307 - 1971 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Calaveras Creek, San Antonio River basin, Texas 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:06:34","indexId":"ofr72307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-307","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Calaveras Creek, San Antonio River basin, Texas 1970","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and ''Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found a total of approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures to be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1970, 1,439 of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the natural surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr72307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the San Antonio River Authority, and the U.S. Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Reddy, D., 1971, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Calaveras Creek, San Antonio River basin, Texas 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-307, iv, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72307.","productDescription":"iv, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72307.JPG"},{"id":287731,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0307/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Calaveras Creek, San Antonio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.375,29.25 ], [ -98.375,29.5 ], [ -98.0,29.5 ], [ -98.0,29.25 ], [ -98.375,29.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bcf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, D.R.","contributorId":14027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47981,"text":"ofr71287 - 1971 - Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the upper Coachella Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47981,"text":"ofr71287 - 1971 - Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the upper Coachella Valley, California","indexId":"ofr71287","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the upper Coachella Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2846,"text":"wsp2027 - 1974 - Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the Upper Coachella Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2027","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the Upper Coachella Valley, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2846,"text":"wsp2027 - 1974 - Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the Upper Coachella Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2027","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the Upper Coachella Valley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr71287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-287","title":"Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the upper Coachella Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71287","usgsCitation":"Tyley, S.J., 1971, Analog model study of the ground-water basin of the upper Coachella Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-287, 89 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71287.","productDescription":"89 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyley, Stephen J.","contributorId":35355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48073,"text":"ofr72328 - 1971 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:31:39","indexId":"ofr72328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-328","title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1969","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood and soil erosion reducing measures in Texas under the authority of ''The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and ''Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found a total of approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures to be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1969, 1,355 of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on the natural surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff .
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr72328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board and the Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Sansom, J., 1971, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin, Texas, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-328, v, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72328.","productDescription":"v, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr72328.JPG"},{"id":287735,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0328/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Honey Creek, Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.91,29.4 ], [ -98.91,33.81 ], [ -94.36,33.81 ], [ -94.36,29.4 ], [ -98.91,29.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sansom, J.N.","contributorId":14391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansom","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47953,"text":"ofr71194 - 1971 - Progress report on the analog model study of the Magothy Aquifer in the Annapolis, Maryland area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:26","indexId":"ofr71194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-194","title":"Progress report on the analog model study of the Magothy Aquifer in the Annapolis, Maryland area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71194","usgsCitation":"Mack, F., 1971, Progress report on the analog model study of the Magothy Aquifer in the Annapolis, Maryland area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-194, 26 p. ill. (1 col.), maps (mostly col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71194.","productDescription":"26 p. ill. (1 col.), maps (mostly col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Frederick K.","contributorId":95858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Frederick K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48082,"text":"ofr72375 - 1971 - Techniques for assessing water resource potentials in the developing countries: with emphasis on streamflow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, and remote sensing in hydrologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T14:26:17","indexId":"ofr72375","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-375","title":"Techniques for assessing water resource potentials in the developing countries: with emphasis on streamflow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, and remote sensing in hydrologic applications","docAbstract":"Hydrologic instrumentation and methodology for assessing water-resource potentials have originated largely in the developed countries of the temperature zone. The developing countries lie largely in the tropic zone, which contains the full gamut of the earth's climatic environments, including most of those of the temperate zone. For this reason, most hydrologic techniques have world-wide applicability.
\nTechniques for assessing water-resource potentials for the high priority goals of economic growth are well established in the developing countries--but much more are well established in the developing countries--but much more so in some than in other. Conventional techniques for measurement and evaluation of basic hydrologic parameters are now well-understood in the developing countries and are generally adequate for their current needs and those of the immediate future. Institutional and economic constraints, however, inhibit growth of sustained programs of hydrologic data collection and application of the data to problems in engineering technology.
\nComputer-based technology, including processing of hydrologic data and mathematical modelling of hydrologic parameters i also well-begun in many developing countries and has much wider potential application. In some developing counties, however, there is a tendency to look on the computer as a panacea for deficiencies in basic hydrologic data collection programs. This fallacy must be discouraged, as the computer is a tool and not a \"magic box.\" There is no real substitute for sound programs of basic data collection.
\nNuclear and isotopic techniques are being used increasingly in the developed countries in the measurement and evaluation of virtually all hydrologic parameter in which conventional techniques have been used traditionally. Even in the developed countries, however, many hydrologists are not using nuclear techniques, simply because they lack knowledge of the principles involved and of the potential benefits. Nuclear methodology in hydrologic applications is generally more complex than the conventional and hence requires a high level of technical expertise for effective use. Application of nuclear techniques to hydrologic problems in the developing countries is likely to be marginal for some years to come, owing to the higher costs involved and expertise required. Nuclear techniques, however, would seem to have particular promise in studies of water movement in unsaturated soils and of erosion and sedimentation where conventional techniques are inadequate, inefficient and in some cases costly.
\nRemote sensing offers great promise for synoptic evaluations of water resources and hydrologic processes, including the transient phenomena of the hydrologic cycle. Remote sensing is not, however, a panacea for deficiencies in hydrologic data programs in the developing countries. Rather it is a means for extending and augmenting on-the-ground observations ans surveys (ground truth) to evaluated water resources and hydrologic processes on a regionall or even continental scale.
\nWith respect to economic growth goals in developing countries, there are few identifiable gaps in existing hydrologic instrumentation and methodology insofar as appraisal, development and management of available water resources are concerned. What is needed is acceleration of institutional development and professional motivation toward more effective use of existing and proven methodology. Moreover, much sophisticated methodology can be applied effectively in the developing countries only when adequate levels of indigenous scientific skills have been reached and supportive institutional frameworks are evolved to viability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72375","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G.C., 1971, Techniques for assessing water resource potentials in the developing countries: with emphasis on streamflow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, and remote sensing in hydrologic applications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-375, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72375.","productDescription":"70 p.","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285999,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0375/report.pdf"},{"id":285998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0375/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C. Jr.","contributorId":22767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47924,"text":"ofr7181 - 1971 - Thermal study of the Missouri River in North Dakota using infrared imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T14:18:37","indexId":"ofr7181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-81","title":"Thermal study of the Missouri River in North Dakota using infrared imagery","docAbstract":"Studies of infrared imagery obtained from aircraft at 305- to 1,524- meter altitudes indicate the feasibility of monitoring thermal changes attributable to the operation of thermal-electric plants and storage reservoirs, as well as natural phenomena such as tributary inflow and ground-water seeps, in large rivers. No identifiable sources of ground-water inflow below t he surface of the river could be found in the imagery. The thermal patterns from the generating plants and the major tri butary inflow are readily apparent in imagery obtained from an altitude of 305 meters. Though the patterns are generally discernible in the imagery from 1,067-meter and 1,524-meter altitudes, there is not sufficient ground resolution to make any but the most general qualitative analyses. The quality of the imagery varied with land-water temperature relations as well as with instrument properties.
\nPortions of the tape-recorded imagery were processed in a color-coded quantization to enhance the displays and to attach quantitative significance to the data. Apparent radiant temperature computations from the 305-meter imagery were generally within l° Celsius of ground-truth data.
\nThe study indicates a marked decrease in water temperature in the Missouri River prior to early fall and a moderate increase in temperature in late fall because of the Lake Sakakawea impoundment. At the present time, thermal additions generated by the powerplants have little effect on the temperature regimen of the Missouri River at high rates of river discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7181","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).","usgsCitation":"Crosby, O., 1971, Thermal study of the Missouri River in North Dakota using infrared imagery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-81, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7181.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr7181.jpg"},{"id":311193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0081/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.71142578125,\n 46.803819640791566\n ],\n [\n -101.71142578125,\n 47.58393661978137\n ],\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 47.58393661978137\n ],\n [\n -100.469970703125,\n 46.803819640791566\n ],\n [\n -101.71142578125,\n 46.803819640791566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62db40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosby, Orlo A.","contributorId":6065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"Orlo A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47945,"text":"ofr71177 - 1971 - Hydrologic data for Horseshoe Lake, Arkansas and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:25","indexId":"ofr71177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-177","title":"Hydrologic data for Horseshoe Lake, Arkansas and vicinity","docAbstract":"During the summer and fall, seepage and evaporation losses from Horseshoe Lake, an oxbow or an 'old river' lake adjacent to the Mississippi River, exceed inflow to the lake, and seasonal declines of 2.5-3.0 feet in the lake level are common. In exceptionally dry years, the minimum lake level has been as much as 4 feet below the normal seasonal low. These low levels severely affect the recreational uses of the lake. \r\n\r\nSeepage and evaporation rates at Horseshoe Lake were determined from hydrologic and meteorologic data. Analysis of these data indicates that the direction of seepage is out of the lake except for a period of about 2 months in the spring, when the stage of the Mississippi River is high. \r\n\r\nThe lake can be maintained at a constant level by supplementing the inflow to the lake with surface or ground water. Contributions to the lake from local drainage can be increased, but this water contains undesirable amounts of pesticides, herbicides, and plant nutrients, and the flow is insufficient to eliminate seasonal declines in the lake level. Water from r the Mississippi River can be used to maintain a given lake level, but the bacteriological quality of water from the river makes this an undesirable source of supplemental water. Water from the Quaternary alluvium contains troublesome amounts of iron, but it probably is free of pesticides, herbicides, and coliform bacteria which are commonly found in surface water. \r\n\r\nAn electric-analog model was used to determine the rate at which inflow to the lake must be supplemented to maintain various lake levels. During this investigation, the lake could have been maintained very near the normal spring level by supplementing the inflow at a maximum rate of 10,600 gallons per minute. The analog model was also used to determine the effects of pumping wells on seepage. With the exception of wells near the southeast end of the lake, wells located within one-half mile of the lake would obtain more than 50 percent of their yield from the lake after pumping for 90 days.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71177","usgsCitation":"Lamonds, A.G., 1971, Hydrologic data for Horseshoe Lake, Arkansas and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-177, 36 p. ill. ; 28 cm. + 7 maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71177.","productDescription":"36 p. ill. ; 28 cm. + 7 maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84730,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84731,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84732,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84733,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84734,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84735,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84736,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84737,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84738,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84739,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84740,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84741,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84742,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6831a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamonds, A. G.","contributorId":8450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamonds","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47935,"text":"ofr71145 - 1971 - Analysis of ground-water system in Orange County, California, by use of an electrical analog model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:25","indexId":"ofr71145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-145","title":"Analysis of ground-water system in Orange County, California, by use of an electrical analog model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71145","usgsCitation":"Hardt, W.F., and Cordes, E.H., 1971, Analysis of ground-water system in Orange County, California, by use of an electrical analog model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-145, 60 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71145.","productDescription":"60 p. ill., maps ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardt, William F.","contributorId":70013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cordes, E. 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