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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engberg, R. 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This report contains discharge records for 176 gaging stations, stage and contents for 9 lakes and reservoirs, releases from 8 flood control reservoirs, water quality for 26 gaging stations, and water levels for 87 observation wells. Also included are 71 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN821","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., Hoggatt, R., and Nell, G., 1983, Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-82-1, xiv, 340 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN821.","productDescription":"xiv, 340 p.","numberOfPages":"357","temporalStart":"1981-10-01","temporalEnd":"1982-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288331,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1982/in-82-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052f2e4b0826cd5016aaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoggatt, R.E.","contributorId":96751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoggatt","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nell, G.E.","contributorId":45960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nell","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207223,"text":"70207223 - 1983 - Discovery of a Late Triassic basin north of Boston and some implications as to post-Paleozoic tectonics in northeastern Massachusetts (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:31:19","indexId":"70207223","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-31T12:48:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discovery of a Late Triassic basin north of Boston and some implications as to post-Paleozoic tectonics in northeastern Massachusetts (USA)","docAbstract":"

As deduced from various data the Triassic-Jurassic Middleton basin-trends NE and is probably approx 5.7km in length and no >0.5km in width. Two sets of dikes which have been K/Ar dated as Late Triassic-Early Jurassic have the same NNE strikes as strike-slip faults. There are indications that a tectonic event of some importance may have occurred in Middle Mesozoic time. -from Author

","language":"English","publisher":"ASJ","doi":"10.2475/ajs.283.10.1060","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C., 1983, Discovery of a Late Triassic basin north of Boston and some implications as to post-Paleozoic tectonics in northeastern Massachusetts (USA): American Journal of Science, v. 283, no. 10, p. 1060-1079, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.283.10.1060.","productDescription":"10 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"283","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, Clifford A.","contributorId":17624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157374,"text":"70157374 - 1983 - An interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Greater Jiddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T22:47:33.492427","indexId":"70157374","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-30T19:30:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"An interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Greater Jiddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"

A gravity survey of the Jiddah area between lat 21°23' and 21°48' N., long 39°03' and 39°20' E., carried out in early 1977, covers an area of 744 km2 and includes 215 stations, at an average spacing of 1.9 km. The resulting simple Bouguer gravity anomaly map shows a series of four large (7-15 mgal) gravity anomaly highs along a north-trending gravity gradient located immediately west of outcrops of Precambrian rocks. The regional Bouguer gravity anomaly field of the map area decreases eastward at an approximately constant rate of about 1.1 mgal-km-1. Several anomalies suggest northeast-trending, right-lateral strike-slip faulting throughout the area.

Interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomaly map, combined with geologic, aeromagnetic, and paleomagnetic data, leads to an interpretive model in which the gravity gradient marks the boundary zone between Precambrian continental crust to the east and oceanic sea-floor crust overlain by marine sedimentary rocks to the west. The strike-slip faults in the area are probably the landward extension of offshore Red Sea transform faults, and, because they penetrate and offset continental crust, their study may yield useful information about the mechanism of transform faulting. The gravity anomaly highs are interpreted to result from shallow intrusive bodies, probably gabbroic in composition, that are buried a few hundred meters below the surface and that are approximately 2 km thick.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Saudi Arabian Mission","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., and Andreasen, G., 1983, An interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic surveys of the Greater Jiddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Report: iv, 37 p.; 3 Plates: 37.52 x 43.15 inches or smaller.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 37 p.; 3 Plates: 37.52 x 43.15 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360858,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360859,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157374/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.2,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n 38.7,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 23\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 20.5\n ],\n [\n 39.2,\n 20.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"SA(IR) 528, Open-File Report USGS-OF-03-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bafe4b03bc34f5447e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, Gordon E.","contributorId":94272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207110,"text":"70207110 - 1983 - Precision of geodolite surveys: A reply to Jackson and Cheng","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:24:54.488547","indexId":"70207110","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:15:54","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precision of geodolite surveys: A reply to Jackson and Cheng","docAbstract":"

Jackson and Cheng have suggested that the changes in areal dilatation measured in Geodolite surveys by the U.S. Geological Survey may be simply an artifact of the measuring system. Although systematic error could conceivably account for the observed excursions in dilatation, we maintain that the specific criticisms by Jackson and Cheng are incorrect: the excursions in dilatation cannot be attributed to the offset correction nor to proportional error associated with temperature. The absence of both errors is demonstrated by using data that are particularly sensitive to the two effects.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB12p10478","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., and Prescott, W., 1983, Precision of geodolite surveys: A reply to Jackson and Cheng: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B12, p. 10478-10484, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB12p10478.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10478","endPage":"10484","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186166,"text":"70186166 - 1983 - Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:40:51","indexId":"70186166","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment","docAbstract":"

A significant fraction of rhodamine WT dye was lost during a short term multitracer injection experiment in a mountain stream environment. The conservative anion chloride and the sorbing cation lithium were concurrently injected. In-stream rhodamine WT concentrations were as low as 45 percent of that expected, based on chloride data. Concentration data were available from shallow‘wells’dug near the stream course and from a seep of suspected return flow. Both rhodamine WT dye and lithium were nonconservative with respect to the conservative chloride, with rhodamine WT dye closely following the behavior of the sorbing lithium.

Nonsorption and sorption mechanisms for rhodamine WT loss in a mountain stream were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Experiments evaluating nonsorption losses indicated minimal losses by such mechanisms. Laboratory experiments using sand and gravel size streambed sediments show an appreciable capacity for rhodamine WT sorption.

The detection of tracers in the shallow wells and seep indicates interaction between the stream and the flow in the surrounding subsurface, intergravel water, system. The injected tracers had ample opportunity for intimate contact with materials shown in the laboratory experiments to be potentially sorptive. It is suggested that in the study stream system, interaction with streambed gravel was a significant mechanism for the attenuation of rhodamine WT dye (relative to chloride).

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05944.x","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Rathburn, R.E., Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., and Avanzino, R.J., 1983, Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 19, no. 6, p. 943-950, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb05944.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"943","endPage":"950","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1955e4b02ff32c699cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathburn, Ronald E.","contributorId":190187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70112977,"text":"70112977 - 1983 - New horizons for the national high-altitude photography program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T15:20:57","indexId":"70112977","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T15:02:39","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New horizons for the national high-altitude photography program","docAbstract":"

The National High-Altitude Photography Program (NHAP) is a multi-Federal agency activity to acquire uniform imagery for the establishment of a national high-altitude photographic data base. Federal agencies participating in NHAP have pooled their resources and consolidated photographic requirements in a systematic 6-year effort that will minimize duplication of photographic programs, reduce overall Federal expenditures for aerial photography, and provide imagery for a wide range of public and private users, The U.S. Geological Survey has the lead coordination role and shares, with the other participating agencies, the responsibility for funding the acquisition of photography.

\n
\n

Since the inception of NHAP in 1980, black-and-white and color infrared stereoscopic imagery has been acquired for about 50% of the 3,000,000 square miles in the conterminous United States. An additional 40% of the 48-State area is under contract to provide aerial survey firms, and the sixth and final contract to achieve complete once-over coverage will be awarded early in 1985. Extensive use has been made of the newly established data base for mapping, landform studies, land use planning, natural resource inventory, evaluation and management, engineering, and education.

\n
\n

In anticipation of the completion of once-over coverage, the participating agencies have begun studies to define the requirements for a maintenance program which would provide cyclic coverage of the conterminous United States and imagery for specific agency needs. Although continued funding at the same level is not assured, under consideration are requirements for new cameras, films, and other remote sensors, photographic parameters, and extension of program coverage to Alaska, Hawaii, and outlying areas. In addition, new applications of the data base to prepare cartographic map and data products are being investigated. It is becoming increasingly clear that some major decision needs to be made soon if a NHAP II is to begin in 1986.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Bermel, P.F., 1983, New horizons for the national high-altitude photography program: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 172-172.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7784e4b0abf75cf2c169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bermel, Peter F.","contributorId":43915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermel","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112976,"text":"70112976 - 1983 - Lithologic mapping using Landsat thematic mapper data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T15:01:46","indexId":"70112976","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T14:52:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithologic mapping using Landsat thematic mapper data","docAbstract":"

The Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM), with its new near infrared bands centered at 1.65 μm and 2.20 μm and spatial resolution of 30 m has been used to distinguish rocks containing minerals having ferric-iron absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared and Al-O- and CO3 absorption bands in the 2.1-2.4 μm regions. On the basis of characteristic absorption bands, digitally processed TM data were used to differentiate vegetated from non-vegetated areas, limonitic from nonlimonitic rocks, rocks containing minerals having absorption bands in the near-infrared region from rocks lacking infrared absorption bands. Specific minerals were detected in both the humid eastern and semi-arid western United States. The absorption bands in the near-infrared region were used to detect kaolinite in open-pit exposures of a kaolin mining district near Macon, Georgia; calcium carbonate in the back sands along the east coast of Floridia; and kaolinite, alunite, jarosite, sericite and gypsum in natural exposures near Boulder City, Nevada.

\n
\n

These results show that the additional spectral bands in the near-infrared region and increased spatial resolution of the Thematic Mapper provide a valuable tool for distinguishing several significant geologic materials not distinguishable from space using previous imaging systems. They also show that TM data can be successfully used in a variety of geologic environments.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Podwysocki, M.H., Salisbury, J., Jones, O.D., and Mimms, D., 1983, Lithologic mapping using Landsat thematic mapper data: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 169-169.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae775ce4b0abf75cf2c119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, J.W.","contributorId":78352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mimms, D.L.","contributorId":39522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mimms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70112964,"text":"70112964 - 1983 - Evaluation of thematic mapper data for natural resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T13:56:03.522624","indexId":"70112964","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T14:40:08","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of thematic mapper data for natural resource assessment","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center evaluated the utility of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) date for natural resource assessment, emphasizing manual interpretation and digital classification of the data for U.S. Department of the Interior applications. Substantially more information was derived from TM data than from Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data.

\n
\n

Greater resolution of TM data aided in locating roads, small stock ponds, and many other land features that could be used as landmarks. The improved spatial resolution of TM data also permitted more efficient visual interpretations of land use, better identification of resource types, and improved assessment of ecological status of natural vegetation. TM data also provided a new source of spectral information that was useful for natural resource assessment. New mid-infrared spectral bands, TM band 5 and band 7, aided in distinguishing water resources, wetland vegetation resources, and other important terrain features. The added information was useful for both manual interpretation and digital data classification of vegetation resources and land features.

\n
\n

Results from the analyses of both TM and TM simulator (TMS) spectral data suggest that the coefficient of variation for major land cover types is generally less for TM data than for MSS data taken from the same area. This reduction in variance should contribute to an improved multispectral analysis, contributing new information about vegetation in natural ecosystems. Although the amount of new information in TM bands 5 and 7 is mall, it is unique in that the same information cannot be derived from four-band Landsat MSS spectral data.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., and Waltz, F., 1983, Evaluation of thematic mapper data for natural resource assessment, in Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 122-133.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76aee4b0abf75cf2bfe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waltz, F. A.","contributorId":44034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltz","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112951,"text":"70112951 - 1983 - Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T14:39:11","indexId":"70112951","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T14:04:05","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics","docAbstract":"

Those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data have been examined. Subscenes of radiometric all raw data (B-data) were examined on an individual detector basis: areas of uniform radiance were used to characterize subtle radiometric differences and noise problems. A variety of anomalies have been discovered with magnitude of a few digital levels or less: the only problem not addressable by ground processing is irregular width of the digital levels. Essentially all of this non-ideal performance is incorporated in the fully processed (P-type) images, but disguised by the geometric resampling procedure. The overall performance of the Thematic Mapper is a great improvement over previous Landsat scanners.

\n
\n

The effective resolution in radiance is degraded by about a factor of two by irregular width of the digital levels. Several detectors have a change of gain with a period of several scans, the largest effect is about 4%. These detectors appear to switch between two response levels during scan direction reversal; there is no apparent periodicity to these changes. This can cause small apparent difference between forward and reverse scans for portions of an image. The high-frequency noise level of each detector was characterized by the standard deviation of the first derivative in the sample direction across a flat field. Coherent sinusoidal noise patterns were determined using one-dimensional Fourier transforms. A \"stitching\" pattern in Band 1 has a period of 13.8 samples with a peak-to-peak amplitude ranging from 1 to 5 DN. Noise with a period of 3.24 samples is pronounced for most detectors in band 1, to a lesser extent in bands 2, 3, and 4, and below background noise levels in bands 5, 6, and 7.

\n
\n

The geometric fidelity of the GSFC film writer used for Thematic Mapper (TM) images was assessed by measurement with accuracy bette than three micrometers of a test grid. A set of 55 control points with known UTM coordinates was measured on a digital display of part of band 5 of the TM image of the Washington, D.C. area and fitted to the control points. The standard error of the fit of the TM image to the control is 37 meters, or 1.3 pixels, with no consistent distortion. These test indicate that the geometric fidelity of TM images is likely to be higher than the ability of film recorders to reproduce the images.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H., 1983, Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 75-75.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7872e4b0abf75cf2d571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh","contributorId":13747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112949,"text":"70112949 - 1983 - U.S. Geological Survey land remote sensing activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T14:01:33","indexId":"70112949","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-04T13:55:02","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3022,"text":"Pecora VIII Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey land remote sensing activities","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) were among the earliest to recognize the potential applications of satellite land remote sensing for management of the country's land and water resources…not only as a user but also as a program participant responsible for final data processing, product generation, and data distribution. With guidance from Dr. William T. Pecora, who was the Survey's Director at that time and later Under Secretary of Interior, the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Program was established in 1966 as a focal point for these activities within the Department. Dr. Pecora was among the few who could envision a role for the Survey and the Department as active participants in programs yet to come--like the Landsat, Magsat, Seasat and, most recently, Shuttle Imaging Radar programs.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Frederick, D.G., 1983, U.S. Geological Survey land remote sensing activities: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 28-30.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7880e4b0abf75cf2d789","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederick, Doyle G.","contributorId":88873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221804,"text":"5221804 - 1983 - Some observations on the use of discriminant analysis in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:35:47.832688","indexId":"5221804","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-01T12:19:15","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some observations on the use of discriminant analysis in ecology","docAbstract":"

The application of discriminant analysis in ecological investigations is discussed. The appropriate statistical assumptions for discriminant are illustrated, and both classification and group separation approaches are outlined. Three assumptions that are crucial in ecological studies are discussed at length, and the consequences of their violation are developed. These assumptions are: (1) equality of dispersions, (2) identifiability of prior probabilities, and (3) precise and accurate estimation of means and dispersions. The use of discriminant functions for purposes of interpreting ecological relationships is also discussed. It is suggested that the common practice of imputing ecological meaning to the signs and magnitudes of coefficients be replaced by an assessment of structure coefficients. Finally, the potential and limitations of representation of data in canonical space are considered, and some cautionary points are made concerning ecological interpretation of patterns in canonical space.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1937836","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1983, Some observations on the use of discriminant analysis in ecology: Ecology, v. 64, no. 5, p. 1283-1291, https://doi.org/10.2307/1937836.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1283","endPage":"1291","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":207067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011339,"text":"70011339 - 1983 - Gas emissions and the eruptions of Mount St. Helens through 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T16:53:51.014725","indexId":"70011339","displayToPublicDate":"1983-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas emissions and the eruptions of Mount St. Helens through 1982","docAbstract":"The monitoring of gas emissions from Mount St. Helens includes daily airborne measurements of sulfur dioxide in the volcanic plume and monthly sampling of gases from crater fumaroles. The composition of the fumarolic gases has changed slightly since 1980: the water content increased from 90 to 98 percent, and the carbon dioxide concentrations decreased from about 10 to 1 percent. The emission rates of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide were at their peak during July and August 1980, decreased rapidly in late 1980, and have remained low and decreased slightly through 1981 and 1982. These patterns suggest steady outgassing of a single batch of magma (with a volume of not less than 0.3 cubic kilometer) to which no significant new magma has been added since mid-1980. The gas data were useful in predicting eruptions in August 1980 and June 1981.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4618.1383","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Casadevall, T., Rose, W., Gerlach, T., Greenland, L., Ewert, J., Wunderman, R., and Symonds, R., 1983, Gas emissions and the eruptions of Mount St. Helens through 1982: Science, v. 221, no. 4618, p. 1383-1385, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4618.1383.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1385","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32291374577194,\n 46.30965046710372\n ],\n [\n -122.32291374577194,\n 46.13060496659935\n ],\n [\n -122.0390350130564,\n 46.13060496659935\n ],\n [\n -122.0390350130564,\n 46.30965046710372\n ],\n [\n -122.32291374577194,\n 46.30965046710372\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"221","issue":"4618","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c8e4b0c8380cd54b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casadevall, T.","contributorId":89010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, W.","contributorId":49101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, T.","contributorId":106358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenland, L. P.","contributorId":56368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenland","given":"L. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ewert, J.","contributorId":11068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wunderman, R.","contributorId":38806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Symonds, R.","contributorId":64401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70011414,"text":"70011414 - 1983 - Bathyal ostracodes from the Florida-Hatteras slope, the Straits of Florida, and the Blake Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T15:23:30.001699","indexId":"70011414","displayToPublicDate":"1983-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bathyal ostracodes from the Florida-Hatteras slope, the Straits of Florida, and the Blake Plateau","docAbstract":"

Epibathyal ostracodes from the Florida-Hatteras slope, the Blake Plateau and the Straits of Florida were studied to determine the relationship of numerous genera and species to bottom-water environmental conditions such as dissolved oxygen and bottom-water temperatures. From a total of 100 samples, 44 samples evenly distributed between 200 and 1100 m water depth and having an average of 325 specimens were examined in detail.

Using occurrence data from the adjacent continental shelf, carapace preservation, Rose Bengal staining and population data, indigenous death assemblages were distinguished from transported or reworked fossil specimens. The percent of transported specimens varied as follows: Blake Plateau less than 1%; Straits of Florida 10–60%; Florida-Hatteras slope 1–15%. Indigenous death assemblages contained between 10 and 61 species per sample, averaging 33.3 species. Krithe, Argilloecia and Pseudocythere occur in greater than 90% of the samples and usually constitute 10 to 30% of each. Trachyleberidea, Bairdoppilata, Saida, Paranesidea, Ambocythere, Bythocypris, Cytherella, Bradleya, Henryhowella, and Polycopidae occur in 45 to 80% of the samples in varying percentages.

The upper depth limits of 39 taxa occur at or just below the thermocline suggesting a relationship to temperature. Australoecia, Quasibuntonia, Cytheropteron, Ruggieriella, Saida, Ambocythere, Trachyleberidea, Macrocypris, Krithe, “Thalassocythere”, and Cytherella are most common or restricted to the O2 minimum zone. Conversely, Anchistrocheles, Bradleya, Henryhowella, and Rockallia are most common below 750 m in well oxygenated water with temperatures below 8°C.

The results show that: (1) ostracodes display a narrow depth zonation controlled by dissolved oxygen and water temperature; (2) species diversity is very high for a bathyal zone; (3) ostracodes can be used to identify the source of sediment that has been transported downslope; and (4) some taxa are useful in recognizing low oxygenated water in Cenozoic deposits.



","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(83)90007-5","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 1983, Bathyal ostracodes from the Florida-Hatteras slope, the Straits of Florida, and the Blake Plateau: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 89-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(83)90007-5.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eff6e4b0c8380cd4a541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0001-9522-3992 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-3992","contributorId":304640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120437,"text":"70120437 - 1983 - Density estimation of small-mammal populations using a trapping web and distance sampling methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T13:22:27","indexId":"70120437","displayToPublicDate":"1983-08-01T13:13:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density estimation of small-mammal populations using a trapping web and distance sampling methods","docAbstract":"Distance sampling methodology is adapted to enable animal density (number per unit of area) to be estimated from capture-recapture and removal data. A trapping web design provides the link between capture data and distance sampling theory. The estimator of density is D = Mt+1f(0), where Mt+1 is the number of individuals captured and f(0) is computed from the Mt+1 distances from the web center to the traps in which those individuals were first captured. It is possible to check qualitatively the critical assumption on which the web design and the estimator are based. This is a conceptual paper outlining a new methodology, not a definitive investigation of the best specific way to implement this method. Several alternative sampling and analysis methods are possible within the general framework of distance sampling theory; a few alternatives are discussed and an example is given.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.2307/1937188","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., White, G.C., and Otis, D.L., 1983, Density estimation of small-mammal populations using a trapping web and distance sampling methods: Ecology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 674-680, https://doi.org/10.2307/1937188.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292206,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937188"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd45e4b0f61b386d23b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":78455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221859,"text":"5221859 - 1983 - Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's: A continuing problem for the 1980s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T10:09:51","indexId":"5221859","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's: A continuing problem for the 1980s","docAbstract":"In general. decreases in OC contamination in North America are unmistakable. This is documented by the NPMP. but. more importantly. it is borne out by improvements in the reproduction and population status of the brown pelican. bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and osprey. However, some OC contamination still persists, and several species, particularly predatory birds and insectivorous bats, continue to be vulnerable. Current OC problems in North America result from present and past usage and from industrial contamination. In addition, some studies suggest that some migrant bird species that winter south of the U.S. border are exposed to higher levels of OC pesticide than non-migrants. However, heavy OC pesticide contamination is known to exist in Arizona, New Mexico, and in southern California where migratory birds might stop during migration. At this time, we do not have the information to assess specifically the sources of contamination for most migrant species. From the number of recent OC problems identified in North America, it is apparent that OC's are not confined to the past and that we must continue to monitor and study OC's during this decade. However, current administrative, management, and research priorities are being directed toward the search for potential impacts of newer pesticides, air pollution. industrial waste, and other contaminants. Although it is necessary to build a body of scientific data on these types of contaminants, we feel that we cannot neglect continued work on OC's for which harmful effects impacting our wildlife resources are already known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":" 0078-1355","usgsCitation":"Fleming, W.J., Clark, D.R., and Henny, C.J., 1983, Organochlorine pesticides and PCB's: A continuing problem for the 1980s: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 48, p. 186-199.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209768,"text":"70209768 - 1983 - Airborne biogeophysical mapping of hidden mineral deposits ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-24T18:42:16.787401","indexId":"70209768","displayToPublicDate":"1983-04-24T13:27:49","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne biogeophysical mapping of hidden mineral deposits ","docAbstract":"

Airborne survey techniques have been developed to detect and map forest canopies affected by metal-induced stress. A high spectral resolution airborne spectroradiometer system, used over a known forest-covered copper soil anomaly, has revealed previously unknown spectral changes in the near-infrared chlorophyll absorption spectrum. The metal-induced spectral shifts have subsequently been reproduced in the laboratory at Columbia University. Waveform analysis techniques specifically designed for computer analysis of the high spectral resolution aircraft data filter out the very strong background noise introduced by variations in normal, unstressed vegetation canopy and by topographic effects. The wave-form method proves most effective in extracting the subtle spectral indicators of metal-induced stress. The analytic method is a unique frequency domain technique made possible by the high spectral resolution of the 500-channel spectroradiometer system.

The biogeophysical technique is demonstrated by three mapping surveys of Cotter Basin, Montana, and Spirit Lake, Washington. This airborne mapping technique presents new application opportunities in large areas of the world where heavy forest cover has in the past made geologic and geophysical exploration tedious and expensive. The tree cover with widespreading and deeply penetrating root systems is turned to an advantage in the airborne biogeophysical technique by detecting metal-induced changes in the chlorophyll reflectance spectrum.

","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.737","usgsCitation":"Collins, W., Chang, S., Raines, G.L., Canney, F.C., and Ashley, R.P., 1983, Airborne biogeophysical mapping of hidden mineral deposits : Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 737-749, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.737.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"749","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Cotter Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 47.53203824675999\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 47.53203824675999\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 47.00273390667881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, William","contributorId":50146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Sheng-Huei","contributorId":37256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Sheng-Huei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canney, Frank C.","contributorId":91251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canney","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221836,"text":"5221836 - 1983 - The relationship between harvest and survival rates of mallards: A straightforward approach with partitioned data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T16:49:47.583928","indexId":"5221836","displayToPublicDate":"1983-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between harvest and survival rates of mallards: A straightforward approach with partitioned data sets","docAbstract":"

We randomly partitioned mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) bandings and recoveries from each of a number of selected reference areas into 2 groups and estimated survival and harvest rates for each area and group. This procedure produced independent vectors of survival- and harvest-rate estimates, which were used to test the general hypothesis that mallard survival and harvest rates were inversely related. We used Spearman rank correlation analysis and z-test contrasts between survival rates from years of high vs. low harvest rates. We also conducted computer simulation experiments to gain insight into the ability of these analyses to detect the relationship of interest. The data analyses suggested that survival and harvest rates of young females were inversely related, at least for the 5 areas included in the analysis. However, for young males and adults of both sexes, the analyses provided no evidence of an inverse relationship between survival and harvest rates, except possibly in a few specific areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808506","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., and Hines, J.E., 1983, The relationship between harvest and survival rates of mallards: A straightforward approach with partitioned data sets: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 2, p. 334-348, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808506.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120412,"text":"70120412 - 1983 - Platte River Forum for the Future: workshop model documentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T11:13:29","indexId":"70120412","displayToPublicDate":"1983-03-01T11:12:11","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Platte River Forum for the Future: workshop model documentation","docAbstract":"

The Platte River Forum for the Future (PRFF) is an effort by the Nebraska Natural Resources Commission (NNRC) to bring together representatives of interests and agencies concerned with management of the Platte River and, assisted by various computer technologies, to reach some degree of agreement on the “best uses” of the remaining waters of the Platte. Simulation modeling is being used in this effort as a focal point for developing a common understanding of the behavior of the Platte River system, synthesizing existing information, identifying additional needed information, and analyzing the potential consequences of various management alternatives.

\n
\n

The NNRC initiated the project in August 1982 by convening a workshop for interested parties in Grand Island, Nebraska. This workshop was devoted to construction of a preliminary simulation model describing the Platte River system. A group of facilitators/modelers from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) assisted participants in translating their understanding of the Platte River into the framework of the model. In October 1982, FWS personnel began a process of training several people from Nebraska in the use of the model. At that time, minor revisions and corrections were made in the model and various development scenarios were prepared for discussion with participants at a second workshop, which was held in early November 1982.

\n
\n

The purpose of this report is to document the status of the PRFF simulation model as of the end of the November 1982 meeting. We emphasize that the intent is not to describe a final product. Except for minor revisions and correction of obvious errors, the model described herein is that which existed at the end of the August workshop. The model contains the foundation for a comprehensive aid to decisionmakers, but at this time it is preliminary in nature, needing refinement and verification before it can be truly useful in analyzing management alternatives. The purpose of this report is to provide a solid foundation for that important future work.

\n
\n

The report is divided into three basic parts. The first is a brief overview of the various components of the model and how they fit together. It is intended for those who are not particularly interested in the details of model formulation. The second is a detailed discussion of the logic, assumptions, equations, and data used in constructing the model. This detailed description is also referenced to specific sections of the third part, which is a set of appendices containing listings of the computer code as it presently exists.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team, 1983, Platte River Forum for the Future: workshop model documentation, 251 p.","productDescription":"251 p.","numberOfPages":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.6762,40.6541 ], [ -100.6762,41.4623 ], [ -95.8807,41.4623 ], [ -95.8807,40.6541 ], [ -100.6762,40.6541 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd4ee4b0f61b386d243d"} ,{"id":70120405,"text":"70120405 - 1983 - Evaluating environmental and economic consequences of alternative pest management strategies: results of modeling workshops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T10:47:29","indexId":"70120405","displayToPublicDate":"1983-03-01T10:32:03","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Evaluating environmental and economic consequences of alternative pest management strategies: results of modeling workshops","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) needs a comprehensive method to evaluate the human health and environmental effects of alternative agricultural pest management strategies. This project explored the utility of Adaptive Environmental Assessment (AEA) techniques for meeting this need. The project objectives were to produce models for environmental impact analysis, improve communications, identify research needs and data requirements, and demonstrate a process for resolving conflicts. The project was structured around the construction (in an initial 2 1/2-day workshop) and examination (in a second 2 1/2-day workshop) of a simulation model of a corn agroecosystem.

\n
The model conceptualized at the first workshop simulates the effect of corn agrecosystem decisions on crop production, economic returns, and environmental indicators. The model is composed of five interacting submodels: 1) a Production Strategies submodel which makes decisions concerning tillage, planting, fertilizer and pesticide applications, and harvest; 2) a Hydrology/Chemical Transport submodel which represents soil hydrology, erosion, and concentrations of fertilizers and pesticides in the soil, runoff, surface waters, and percolation; 3) a Vegetation submodel which simulates growth of agricultural crops (corns and soybeans) and weeds; 4) a Pests submodel which calculates pest population levels and resulting crop damage; and 5) an Environmental Effects submodel which calculates indicators of potential fish kills, human health effects, and wildlife habitat. The most persistent data gaps encountered in quantifying the model were coefficients to relate environmental consequences to alternative pest management strategies.

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While the model developed in the project is not yet accurate enough to be used for real-world decisions about the use of pesticides on corn, it does contain the basic structure upon which such a model could be built. More importantly at this stage of development, the project has shown that very complex systems can be modeled in short periods of time and that the process of building such models increases understanding among disciplinary specialists and between diverse institutional interests. This process can be useful to EPA as the agency cooperates with other institutions to meet its responsibilities in less costly ways.

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Activities at the second 2 1/2-day workshop included a review of the model, incorporation of necessary corrections, simulation of policy scenarios, and examination of techniques to address remaining institutional conflicts. Participants were divided into three groups representing environmental, production or industry, and regulatory interests. Each group developed scenarios that would be most appealing to their particular interest and the scenarios were simulated by the agroecosystem computer model. Negotiators from each of the interest groups decided whether a hypothetical herbicide should be relabeled and if certain restrictions should be imposed on its use. Other participants functioned as experts and consultants on caucus teams. A solution to the hypothetical problem was successfully negotiated.

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Workshop participants and project staff agreed that the model and processes developed during the project should be used in training students, extension specialists, farmers, researchers, and chemical producers in collaborative problem solving methods. More productive research can be planned, and more realistic models of complex systems can be built in this way. More importantly, greater trust of decisionmakers in computer models, better understanding by technical experts about disciplines other than their own, and improved cooperation between institutional interests can be achieved. This trust, understanding, and cooperation are critical ingredients in solving problems that are too complex to be resolved by independent disciplinary activity and unilateral decision authority.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.L., Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J.E., and McNamee, P.J., 1983, Evaluating environmental and economic consequences of alternative pest management strategies: results of modeling workshops, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd4ae4b0f61b386d23e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T.L.","contributorId":43681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNamee, Peter J.","contributorId":16760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamee","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70120432,"text":"70120432 - 1983 - Wildlife guilds in Arizona desert habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T13:01:52","indexId":"70120432","displayToPublicDate":"1983-02-01T12:55:51","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Wildlife guilds in Arizona desert habitats","docAbstract":"This report summarizes information produced from Interagency Agreement No. AA-851-IA1-27 between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), USDI, and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), USDI. The contract was instrumental in the final development of wildlife guilds for the Hualapai-Aquarius planning area of the BLM in westcentral Arizona, reported herein. The Arizona study area was selected for the application of the guilding technology because a thorough assessment of the floral and faunal resources had recently occurred in conjunction with the development of a grazing Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Thus, the association of wildlife species with habitat type was well known, which aided in the compilation of the data base necessary for the development of guilds. Some data were also available that described the vegetative structure of habitats. This was useful in the development of a model that evaluated the quality of habitat on the basis of the diversity of cover in those habitats (Short 1982).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S.D.I. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Short, H.L., 1983, Wildlife guilds in Arizona desert habitats, xi, 258 p.","productDescription":"xi, 258 p.","numberOfPages":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8166,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd57e4b0f61b386d24dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, Henry L.","contributorId":58695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011598,"text":"70011598 - 1983 - A system for measuring bottom profile, waves and currents in the high-energy nearshore environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T16:37:20.035726","indexId":"70011598","displayToPublicDate":"1983-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A system for measuring bottom profile, waves and currents in the high-energy nearshore environment","docAbstract":"

A new data-acquisition system capable of measuring waves, currents and the nearshore profile in breaking waves as high as 5 m has been developed and successfully field-tested. Components of the mechanical system are a sled carrying a vertical mast, a double-drum winch placed landward of the beach, and a line that runs from one drum of the winch around three blocks, which are the corners of a right triangle, to the other drum of the winch. The sled is attached to the shore-normal side of the triangular line arrangement and is pulled offshore by one drum of the winch and onshore by the other. The profile is measured as the sled is towed along the shore-normal transect using an infrared rangefinder mounted landward of the winch and optical prisms mounted on top of the sled's mast. A pressure sensor and two-axis electromagnetic current meter are mounted on the frame of the sled. These data are encoded on the sled and telemetered to a receiving/recording station onshore. Preliminary results suggest that near-bottom offshore-flowing currents during periods of high-energy swell are important in forcing changes to the configuration of the nearshore profile.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(83)90089-0","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A., Howard, P., Fletcher, C., and Howd, P., 1983, A system for measuring bottom profile, waves and currents in the high-energy nearshore environment: Marine Geology, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(83)90089-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5e7e4b0c8380cd47010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, P.C.","contributorId":8994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, C.H. III","contributorId":85721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howd, P.A.","contributorId":103793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207873,"text":"70207873 - 1983 - Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature: Preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T12:25:59","indexId":"70207873","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-16T12:16:27","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature: Preliminary results","title":"Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature: Preliminary results","docAbstract":"

Interest in the mechanical properties of water ice under the conditions in which it exists in the outer solar system has motivated the development and use of a new high‐pressure, low‐temperature triaxial deformation apparatus. Constant displacement rate tests on 70 samples of pure polycrystalline water ice have been performed at temperatures 77≤≤258 K, confining pressures 0.1≤≤350 MPa, and strain rates 3.5×10≤ ≤3.5×10 s. In most cases, the ice polymorph tested was ice . Both brittle and ductile behavior have been observed. Brittle behavior of ice, promoted by lower pressure, lower temperature, and higher strain rate, is analogous to that in rocks, with the important exception that brittle fracture strength becomes independent of confining pressure above 50 MPa pressure and the fracture angle is approximately 45° to the loading direction (i.e., the coefficient of internal friction is approximately zero). Ductile flow, the predominant behavior in our tests at ≥195 K, follows a law of form = σ exp (−*/) (σ is stress; is the gas constant; , * are material constants). Three sets of material constants are required to fit the data, with changes in sets (or mechanisms) occurring near 243 K and 195 K. The value of remains near 4 throughout the measured ductile field, but * drops from 91 to 61 to 31 /mole as temperature decreases. The maximum brittle strength measured was 171 MPa; the maximum ductile strength measured was 91 MPa. At confining pressures near the phase transition pressure of ice → ice II, the ductile strength is observed to drop dramatically. Some overlap with previous work occurs at higher temperatures and lower pressures. Agreement with present work is generally good, both quantitatively in the values of and *, and qualitatively in the mechanism of deformation. Although the ductile strengths measured here are somewhat higher than expected on the basis of extrapolations of previous work, the low value of * at <195 K indicates that the ice layer on icy bodies in the solar system is much weaker than has generally been predicted.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iS01p0B377","usgsCitation":"Durham, W., Heard, H.C., and Kirby, S.H., 1983, Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature: Preliminary results: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 88, p. B377-B392, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iS01p0B377.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"B377","endPage":"B392","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heard, H. C.","contributorId":65997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011099,"text":"70011099 - 1983 - Temperature and precipitation estimates through the last glacial cycle from Clear Lake, California, pollen data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-10T20:04:03.248998","indexId":"70011099","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and precipitation estimates through the last glacial cycle from Clear Lake, California, pollen data","docAbstract":"

Modern pollen surface samples from six lake and marsh sites in the northern California Coast Ranges establish a linear relation between elevation and the oak/(oak + pine) pollen ratio. Modern temperature and precipitation lapse rates were used to convert variations in the pollen ratio into temperature and precipitation changes. Pollen data from two cores from Clear Lake, Lake County, California, spanning the past 40,000 and 130,000 years were used to estimate temperature and precipitation changes through the last full glacial cycle. The maximum glacial cooling is estimated to be 7° to 8° C; the last full interglacial period was about 1.5° C warmer than the Holocene, and a mid-Holocene interval was warmer than the present. The estimated precipitation changes are probably less reliable than the estimated temperature changes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.219.4581.168","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Adam, D., and West, G., 1983, Temperature and precipitation estimates through the last glacial cycle from Clear Lake, California, pollen data: Science, v. 219, no. 4581, p. 168-170, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.219.4581.168.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"170","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9635380144356,\n 39.14844575495471\n ],\n [\n -122.9635380144356,\n 38.917438489493804\n ],\n [\n -122.5731123436415,\n 38.917438489493804\n ],\n [\n -122.5731123436415,\n 39.14844575495471\n ],\n [\n -122.9635380144356,\n 39.14844575495471\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"219","issue":"4581","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4bbe4b08c986b320541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"West, G. James","contributorId":40860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"G. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207763,"text":"70207763 - 1983 - Geologic evolution of Hess Rise, central North Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T15:00:15.252521","indexId":"70207763","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-09T14:09:21","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic evolution of Hess Rise, central North Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"

Cores from four Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites (310, 464, 465, and 466) and seismic-reflection profiles provide data that are used to interpret the geological evolution and paleoenvironments of Hess Rise, a prominent oceanic plateau in the central North Pacific Ocean. Hess Rise apparently formed in the Southern Hemisphere along the western flank of the Pacific-Farallon Ridge 110 to 100 m.y. B.P. Core stratigraphies and lithologies show the response of sedimentation to subsidence and northward movement of Hess Rise on the Pacific plate. Oceanic islands, which crowned Hess Rise during its early evolution, were eroded and subsequently subsided below sea level.

Major structural trends include three northwest-trending (∼327°) arms, or ridges, and an east-northeast-trending southern Hess Rise that parallels the Mendocino Fracture Zone (060°). Normal faults offset basement as much as 3,000 m along the southern edge and 1,500 m on the western flank of Hess Rise. Many faults were active during sedimentation.

Tholeiitic basalt from the base of Hole 464, trachyte from the base of Hole 465A, and alkalic basalt clasts within sediment of Hole 466 show the diversity of rock types that constitute the igneous basement. A major rock unit is middle Cretaceous limestone, chalk, and minor chert that form the basal sedimentary unit. Some limestone samples, rich in organic carbon, reflect accumulation above the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) within a mid-water oxygen minimum zone. The organic-carbon-rich sediments probably were deposited on the submarine slopes of islands and banks that were at upper bathyal depths as Hess Rise crossed the wide equatorial divergence where increased upwelling and biogenic productivity contributed to high accumulation rates. The source of organic matter was mostly lipid-rich, autochthonous, marine organic matter.

Analyses of sediment samples from across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Site 465 show that there was a significant decrease in surface water temperature and biological productivity. An abrupt increase in transition metals and iridium suggests that an outside source, perhaps extraterrestrial, was the cause for many of the sudden oceanographic, geochemical, and biological changes at the boundary.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1289:GEOHRC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Vallier, T., Dean, W.E., Rea, D.K., and Thiede, J., 1983, Geologic evolution of Hess Rise, central North Pacific Ocean: GSA Bulletin, v. 94, no. 11, p. 1289-1307, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1289:GEOHRC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1289","endPage":"1307","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Hess Rise, Central North Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.58203125,\n 11.178401873711785\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 11.178401873711785\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -181.58203125,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -181.58203125,\n 11.178401873711785\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vallier, T. L.","contributorId":27513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, David K.","contributorId":26823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7007,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thiede, Jorn","contributorId":88085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiede","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}