Pilot Mountain, a hydrothermally altered monadnock within the Carolina slate belt, contains areas of anomalously high amounts of Cu, Mo, and Sn in the soils. Leaves of canopy trees in the mineralized zone also contain more copper than trees in a nearby control area. Spectral data were processed using a wave-form analysis technique to minimize background noise caused by canopy variations and slope effects. Areas of spectral changes in the chlorophyll absorption region seem to correlate well with areas containing anomalous metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.605","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Milton, N., Collins, W., Chang, S., and Schmidt, R.G., 1983, Remote detection of metal anomalies on Pilot Mountain, Randolph County, North Carolina: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 605-617, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.605.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6e9e4b0c8380cd850f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, W.","contributorId":29359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Sheng-Huei","contributorId":10155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Sheng-Huei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011272,"text":"70011272 - 1983 - The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:51:26.602642","indexId":"70011272","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation","docAbstract":"A combined spatial and secular variation model of the geomagnetic field, labeled M061581, is derived from a selection of Magsat data. Secular variation (SV) data computed from linear fits to midnight hourly values from 19 magnetic observatories were also included in the analysis but were seen to have little effect on the model. The SV patterns from this new model are compared with those from the 1980 IGRF and with those for 1970 computed by the DGRF and with the 1960 patterns computed using the GSFC(12/66) model. Most of the features of the M061581 are identical in location and level with those of the 1980 IGRF. Together they confirm that the reversals in sign of field change seen over Asia and North America between 1965 and 1975 are reverting to the pre-1965 states. The M061581 model gives −32 nT/yr for the dipole decay rate, larger than the 70% increase already reported since 1965. This abnormally high value is interpreted as being a defect of the model because it appears to result from a much larger (−100 nT/yr) drop in field over the polar regions not indicated by the 1980 IGRF. This north polar decrease is shown to be of external origin as the result of a combination of the seasonal effect of the north polar ionospheric (counterclockwise) afternoon Sqp cell increasing in intensity from the beginning (November 1979) to the end (June 1980) of the Magsat data collection period, coupled with an enhancement of its effect as the orbit lowered from the 350– 550 km initial altitudes to near 200 km just prior to burnup. This experiment indicates that secular variation can be obtained from satellite data for intervals of less than a full year if corrections can be made for seasonal effects and that ‘annual snapshots’ of the field by a satellite would allow easy and accurate models of secular change without the use of any surface data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05903","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cain, J., Frayser, J., Muth, L., and Schmitz, D., 1983, The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5903-5910, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05903.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5903","endPage":"5910","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb15be4b08c986b3252eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, J.C.","contributorId":68457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frayser, J.","contributorId":83665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frayser","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, L.","contributorId":10035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitz, D.","contributorId":45832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011267,"text":"70011267 - 1983 - Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011267","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Parachute Creek Member of the lacustrine Green River Formation contains thick sequences of rich oil-shale. The richest sequence and the richest oil-shale bed occurring in the member are called the Mahogany zone and the Mahogany bed, respectively, and were deposited in ancient Lake Uinta. The name \"Mahogany\" is derived from the red-brown color imparted to the rock by its rich-kerogen content. Geochemical abundance and distribution of eight major and 18 trace elements were determined in the Mahogany zone sampled from two cores, U. S. Geological Survey core hole CR-2 and U. S. Bureau of Mines core hole O1-A (Figure 1). The oil shale from core hole CR-2 was deposited nearer the margin of Lake Uinta than oil shale from core hole O1-A. The major- and trace-element chemistry of the Mahogany zone from each of these two cores is compared using elemental abundances and Q-mode factor modeling. The results of chemical analyses of 44 CR-2 Mahogany samples and 76 O1-A Mahogany samples are summarized in Figure 2. The average geochemical abundances for shale (1) and black shale (2) are also plotted on Figure 2 for comparison. The elemental abundances in the samples from the two cores are similar for the majority of elements. Differences at the 95% probability level are higher concentrations of Ca, Cu, La, Ni, Sc and Zr in the samples from core hole CR-2 compared to samples from core hole O1-A and higher concentrations of As and Sr in samples from core hole O1-A compared to samples from core hole CR-2. These differences presumably reflect slight differences in depositional conditions or source material at the two sites. The Mahogany oil shale from the two cores has lower concentrations of most trace metals and higher concentrations of carbonate-related elements (Ca, Mg, Sr and Na) compared to the average shale and black shale. During deposition of the Mahogany oil shale, large quantities of carbonates were precipitated resulting in the enrichment of carbonate-related elements and dilution of most trace elements as pointed out in several previous studies. Q-mode factor modeling is a statistical method used to group samples on the basis of compositional similarities. Factor end-member samples are chosen by the model. All other sample compositions are represented by varying proportions of the factor end-members and grouped as to their highest proportion. The compositional similarities defined by the Q-mode model are helpful in understanding processes controlling multi-element distributions. The models for each core are essentially identical. A four-factor model explains 70% of the variance in the CR-2 data and 64% of the O1-A data (the average correlation coefficients are 0. 84 and 0. 80, respectively). Increasing the number of factors above 4 results in the addition of unique instead of common factors. Table I groups the elements based on high factor-loading scores (the amount of influence each element has in defining the model factors). Similar elemental associations are found in both cores. Elemental abundances are plotted as a function of core depth using a five-point weighted moving average of the original data to smooth the curve (Figure 3 and 4). The plots are grouped according to the four factors defined by the Q-mode models and show similar distributions for elements within the same factor. Factor 1 samples are rich in most trace metals. High oil yield and the presence of illite characterize the end-member samples for this factor (3, 4) suggesting that adsorption of metals onto clay particles or organic matter is controlling the distribution of the metals. Precipitation of some metals as sulfides is possible (5). Factor 2 samples are high in elements commonly associated with minerals of detrital or volcanogenic origin. Altered tuff beds and lenses are prevalent within the Mahogany zone. The CR-2 end-member samples for this factor contain analcime (3) which is an alteration product within the tuff beds of the Green River Formation. Th","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints Symposia","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Dean, W., and Parduhn, N.L., 1983, Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado, in Preprints Symposia, v. 28, no. 1, p. 85-90.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c0ae4b0c8380cd69972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parduhn, N. L.","contributorId":69136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parduhn","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011257,"text":"70011257 - 1983 - Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:32:31.770285","indexId":"70011257","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29 km2 and the Big Thompson River at the mouth of the Big Thompson Canyon, draining 790 km2. Between 1923 and 1976, all nine basins had had one catastrophic flash flood, the magnitude of which has been estimated by the conventional slope-area method.
In each basin, coarse boulder deposits of the large flash floods were identified, and three axes of the five largest boulders were measured, along with at least two profiles of the valley cross section. A simple arithmetic average of two theoretical and two empirical relationships was used to estimate average flood velocity using boulder size and shape. Average depth was estimated as the arithmetic average of four values computed from the Manning equation, a regression equation for boulder size and unit stream power, a relative smoothness equation, and a modified Shields' relationship. The appropriate flood width for the estimated average depth was found by iteration, using the valley cross sections.
The paleohydraulic discharges thus computed generally underestimate conventional slope-area discharge estimates on small streams by as much as 75%, although the average amount is only 28% too low, and the reconstructed discharge in one stream was 31% too large. The Big Thompson River flood of 1976 was overestimated by 76%. Reasons for discrepancy in reconstructed peaks could include (1) the possibility that floods may have been able to move boulders larger than those available to be moved; (2) overestimation of the slope-area discharge because high-water marks were set prior to erosion of the channel; (3) underestimation of original roughness coefficients; and (4) macroturbulent effects during fast, deep flows.
The paleohydraulic technique is applied to two other streams in Colorado with sedimentological evidence of large flash floods, but no conventional indirect discharge estimates. A small tributary to the Big Thompson River draining 1.8 km2 has a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of about 60 m3/s from a flood in 1976. Using boulders excavated from a foundation site in Holocene alluvium along Boulder Creek in Boulder, Colorado, a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of between 860 and 1,512 m3/s is calculated. This is 1.4 to 2.4 times the magnitude of the estimated 500-yr flood.
A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during an experimental injection of several elements into a small mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The sorption process onto sand- and gravel-sized sediment was relatively slow compared to changes in the dissolved concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00725","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., Avanzino, R.J., and Zellweger, G.W., 1983, Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00725.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a3e4b0c8380cd64f07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011245,"text":"70011245 - 1983 - Landslide risk assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70011245","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide risk assessment","docAbstract":"Landslide risk can be assessed by evaluating geological conditions associated with past events. A sample of 2,4 16 slides from urban areas in West Virginia, each with 12 associated geological factors, has been analyzed using SAS computer methods. In addition, selected data have been normalized to account for areal distribution of rock formations, soil series, and slope percents. Final calculations yield landslide risk assessments of <0.50=low risk, 0.50 to 1.50=moderate risk, and >1.50=high risk. The simplicity of the method provides for a rapid, initial assessment prior to financial investment. However, it does not replace on-site investigations, nor excuse poor construction. ?? 1983 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02381102","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Lessing, P., Messina, C., and Fonner, R., 1983, Landslide risk assessment: Environmental Geology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381102.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381102"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4433e4b0c8380cd6693a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lessing, P.","contributorId":90038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lessing","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messina, C.P.","contributorId":35462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fonner, R.F.","contributorId":37069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonner","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011241,"text":"70011241 - 1983 - LITHOLOGIC MAPPING USING LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DATA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70011241","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"LITHOLOGIC MAPPING USING LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DATA.","docAbstract":"The paper is in abstract form. It discusses the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM), with its new near infrared bands centered at 1. 65 mu m and 2. 20 mu m and spatial resolution of 30 m, which has been used to distinguish rocks containing minerals having ferric-iron absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared and Al-O and CO//3 absorption bands in the 2. 1-2. 4 mu m regions. On the basis of characteristic absorption bands, digitally processed TM data were used to differentiate vegetated from non-vegetated areas, limonitic from nonlimonitic rocks, rocks containing minerals having absorption bands in the near-infrared region from rocks lacking the infrared absorption bands. Specific minerals were detected in both the humid eastern and semi-arid western United States. The absorption bands in the near-infrared region were used to detect kaolinite in open-pit exposures of a kaolin mining district near Macon, Georgia; calcium carbonate in the beach sands along the east coast of Florida; and kaolinite, alunite, jarosite, sericite and gypsum in natural exposures near Boulder City, Nevada.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Pecora VIII Symposium: Satellite Land Remote Sensing Advancements for the Eighties.","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, ND, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Augustana Coll","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD, USA","usgsCitation":"Podwysocki, M.H., Salisbury, J., Jones, O.D., and Mimms, D., 1983, LITHOLOGIC MAPPING USING LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER DATA., Proceedings - Pecora VIII Symposium: Satellite Land Remote Sensing Advancements for the Eighties., Sioux Falls, ND, USA.","startPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40e9e4b0c8380cd65136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, J.W.","contributorId":78352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mimms, D.L.","contributorId":39522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mimms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011240,"text":"70011240 - 1983 - THEMATIC MAPPER: DETAILED RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011240","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THEMATIC MAPPER: DETAILED RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS.","docAbstract":"The paper is in abstract form. It discusses those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration or spectral data. Subscenes of radiometrically raw data (B-data) were examined on an individual detector basis; areas of uniform radiance were used to characterize subtle radiometric differences and noise problems. The effective resolution in radiance is degraded by about a factor of two by irregular width of the digital levels. Several detectors have a change of gain with a period of several scans, the largest effect is about 4%. The geometric fidelity of the GSFC filmwriter used for Thematic Mapper (TM) images was assessed by measurement with accuracy better than three micrometers of a test grid.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Pecora VIII Symposium: Satellite Land Remote Sensing Advancements for the Eighties.","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, ND, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Augustana Coll","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD, USA","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H., 1983, THEMATIC MAPPER: DETAILED RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS., Proceedings - Pecora VIII Symposium: Satellite Land Remote Sensing Advancements for the Eighties., Sioux Falls, ND, USA.","startPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba382e4b08c986b31fd26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh","contributorId":13747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011237,"text":"70011237 - 1983 - FINDINGS ON THE USE OF LANDSAT-3 RETURN BEAM VIDICON IMAGERY FOR DETECTING LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70011237","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"FINDINGS ON THE USE OF LANDSAT-3 RETURN BEAM VIDICON IMAGERY FOR DETECTING LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES.","docAbstract":"The spatial resolution of imagery from the return beam vidicon (RBV) camera aboard the Landsat-3 satellite suggested that such data might prove useful in inspecting land use and land cover maps. In this study, a 1972 land use and land cover map derived from aerial photographs is compared with a 1978 Landsat RBV image to delineate areas of change. Findings indicate RBV imagery useful in establishing the fact of change and in identifying gross category changes.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Milazzo, V.A., 1983, FINDINGS ON THE USE OF LANDSAT-3 RETURN BEAM VIDICON IMAGERY FOR DETECTING LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 366-375.","startPage":"366","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e76e4b0c8380cd53477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milazzo, Valerie A.","contributorId":88717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011219,"text":"70011219 - 1983 - Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age in the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith: Ghemical variation and polarity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:33:21.749373","indexId":"70011219","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age in the Alaska-Aleutian Range batholith: Ghemical variation and polarity","docAbstract":"Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age exposed on the eastern, or Pacific, side of the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith represent the roots of a magmatic arc generally considered to have been generated in response to northwest-directed subduction. These rocks form a compositionally continuous calc-alkaline suite that ranges from hornblende gabbro through quartz monzonite. Tonalite and quartz diorite are the dominant rock types.
Trend-surface analysis was used to examine the geographic variation of major oxides and a few simple oxide ratios for 102 samples from widely separated localities. Statistical tests indicate that most of the trends, although weak, are real. The direction of slope of the trends is approximately normal to the Jurassic magmatic arc K2O and SiO2 increase toward the east-southeast; the other oxides increase toward the west-northwest. The K2O trend accounts for about 19% of the variance in the data and is significant at > 99.9% level of confidence.
If the chemical trends reflect the approximate geometry of a paleosubduction zone, the polarity of the Jurassic magmatic arc is to the northwest. That is, the paleosubduction zone was on the northwest side of the arc, and subduction was directed toward the southeast. The paleosubduction zone is on the opposite side of the arc from the position that has generally been assumed, indicating that the Jurassic plutonic rocks were not generated in response to classical Andean-type convergent plate margins. The magmatic arc may have formed in an intra-ocean environment, and subsequently has been rafted northward and accreted to this part of the northern Pacific rim during the late Mesozoic. Middle and Upper Jurassic clastic sediments underlying Cook Inlet to the southeast, and derived from the magmatic arc, are classified as backarc deposits, rather than as an arc-trench gap sequence.
Two contrasting models of the earthquake deformation cycle on strike slip faults predict significant temporal declines in shear strain rate near the fault, accompanied by a progressive broadening of the zone of deformation adjacent to it. In the thin lithosphere model, transient deformation results from flow in the asthenosphere due to stress relaxation following faulting through most or all of the lithosphere. For an earth model with a thick elastic lithosphere (plate thickness » depth of seismic slip), transient motions are due to postearthquake aseisrnic slip below the coseismic fault plane. Data from the San Andreas fault indicate a long-term temporal decrease in strain rate that persists for at least 30 years and may extend through the entire earthquake cycle. Observations support a cycle-long rate decrease and a temporal spreading of the deformation profile only if movement cycles on the northern and southern locked sections of the fault are basically similar. If so, the usually lower strain rates and broader deformation zone currently observed on the southern San Andreas represent a later evolutionary stage of the northern locked section, where a great earthquake is a more recent occurrence. Although the data allow some extreme models to be discarded, no sufficiently strong constraints exist to decide between the thin and thick lithosphere models. Regardless of the appropriate model the geodetic observations themselves indicate that strain buildup is sufficiently nonlinear to cause significant departures from recurrence estimates based on linear strain accumulation and the time-predictable model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05893","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., 1983, Nonlinear strain buildup and the earthquake cycle on the San Andreas fault: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5893-5902, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05893.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5893","endPage":"5902","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6793e4b0c8380cd733d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012116,"text":"70012116 - 1983 - ROLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012116","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION.","docAbstract":"The inseparable roles of remote sensing and photogrammetry have been recognized to be consistent with the aims and interests of the American Society of Photogrammetry. In particular, spatial data storage, data merging and manipulation methods and other techniques originally developed for remote sensing applications also have applications for digital cartography. Also, with the introduction of much improved digital processing techniques, even relatively low resolution (80 m) traditional Landsat images can now be digitally mosaicked into excellent quality 1:250,000-scale image maps.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.B., and Salisbury, J.W., 1983, ROLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND CARTOGRAPHY IN THE USGS NATIONAL MAPPING DIVISION., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"665","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936de4b0c8380cd80df3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, Rupert B.","contributorId":17371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"Rupert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, John W.","contributorId":96420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012103,"text":"70012103 - 1983 - Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:52:21.107163","indexId":"70012103","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"Representative spectra from three plant species were used to interpret the color components on a color ratio composite image. Most of the vegetation unit coincided with an altered rock unit, but many altered areas were not within the vegetation unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.761","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Milton, N., 1983, Use of reflectance spectra of native plant species for interpreting airborne multispectral scanner data in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 761-769, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.761.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6ae4b08c986b329b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012069,"text":"70012069 - 1983 - Main field and recent secular variation.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T14:16:17","indexId":"70012069","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3284,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Main field and recent secular variation.","docAbstract":"As Cain (1979) indicated might happen in the last IUGG quadrennial report, added resources were made available during the past few years and a real impulse was added to the geomagnetic work in the US by the launching of the MAGSAT Satellite. This new effort paid off in terms of new charts, additional long wavelength studies, and external source studies. As before, however, the future funding for new starts in geomagnetism does not look bright at the present time. A single MAGSAT in orbit a little more than seven months did wonders for main field (M.F.) charting, but did little or nothing for secular variation (S.V.) charting. It would take a number of repeated MAGSATS to help the S.V. picture. Meanwhile, the world magnetic observatory net and surface repeat stations remain as the main source of S.V. data. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/RG021i003p00599","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1983, Main field and recent secular variation.: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, v. 21, no. 3, p. 599-603, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG021i003p00599.","startPage":"599","endPage":"603","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/RG021i003p00599"},{"id":222457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4bf8e4b0c8380cd698ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012050,"text":"70012050 - 1983 - STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THERMAL FLUIDS FROM LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70012050","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THERMAL FLUIDS FROM LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA.","docAbstract":"In the Lassen vapor-dominated geothermal system, surface manifestations of thermal fluids at high elevations (1800-2500 m) include superheated and drowned fumaroles, steam-heated acid-sulfate hot springs, and low-chloride bicarbonate springs. Neutral high-chloride hot water discharges at lower elevations. Deuterium and oxygen-18 data establish genetic connections between these fluids and with local meteoric waters. Steam from the highest temperature fumarole at Bumpass Hell and water from the highest chloride hot spring have isotopic compositions corresponding to vapor-liquid equilibrium at 235 degree C. Carbon and sulfur isotope data suggest that the CO//2 and H//2S in the system did not entirely originate from magmatic sources, but probably include contributions from thermal metamorphism of marine sedimentary rocks. Observations suggest that carbon and sulfur isotope variations are useful indicators of gas reactions and flow paths in geothermal systems. Refs.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources: Energy on Tap! Geothermal Resources Council 1983 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Portland, OR, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"093441257X","usgsCitation":"Janik, C.J., Nehring, N., and Truesdell, A.H., 1983, STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THERMAL FLUIDS FROM LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 7, Portland, OR, USA, p. 295-300.","startPage":"295","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf86e4b0c8380cd87634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janik, Cathy J.","contributorId":87090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nehring, Nancy L.","contributorId":66264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"Nancy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred H.","contributorId":33448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012036,"text":"70012036 - 1983 - NEW HORIZONS FOR THE NATIONAL HIGH-ALTITUDE PHOTOGRAPHY PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012036","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NEW HORIZONS FOR THE NATIONAL HIGH-ALTITUDE PHOTOGRAPHY PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The National High-Altitude Photography Program (NHAP) is a multi-Federal agency activity to acquire uniform imagery for the establishment of a national high-altitude photographic data base. Since the inception of NHAP in 1980, black-and-white and color infrared stereoscopic imagery has been acquired for about 50% of the 3,000,000 square miles in the conterminous United States. An additional 40% of the 48-State area is under contract to private aerial survey firms, and the sixth and final contract to achieve complete once-over coverage will be awarded early in 1985. Extensive use has been made of the newly established data base. The participating agencies have begun studies to define the requirements for a maintenance program which would provide cyclic coverage of the conterminous United States and imagery for specific agency needs.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Pecora VIII Symposium: Satellite Land Remote Sensing Advancements for the Eighties.","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, ND, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Augustana Coll","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD, USA","usgsCitation":"Bermel, P.F., 1983, NEW HORIZONS FOR THE NATIONAL HIGH-ALTITUDE PHOTOGRAPHY PROGRAM., Proceedings - Pecora VIII Symposium: Satellite Land Remote Sensing Advancements for the Eighties., Sioux Falls, ND, USA.","startPage":"172","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6144e4b0c8380cd718a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bermel, Peter F.","contributorId":43915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermel","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012009,"text":"70012009 - 1983 - Geotherm: the U.S. geological survey geothermal information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:50:49","indexId":"70012009","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotherm: the U.S. geological survey geothermal information system","docAbstract":"GEOTHERM is a comprehensive system of public databases and software used to store, locate, and evaluate information on the geology, geochemistry, and hydrology of geothermal systems. Three main databases address the general characteristics of geothermal wells and fields, and the chemical properties of geothermal fluids; the last database is currently the most active. System tasks are divided into four areas: (1) data acquisition and entry, involving data entry via word processors and magnetic tape; (2) quality assurance, including the criteria and standards handbook and front-end data-screening programs; (3) operation, involving database backups and information extraction; and (4) user assistance, preparation of such items as application programs, and a quarterly newsletter. The principal task of GEOTHERM is to provide information and research support for the conduct of national geothermal-resource assessments. The principal users of GEOTHERM are those involved with the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Information in the system is available to the public on request. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(83)90034-1","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., and Rapport, A., 1983, Geotherm: the U.S. geological survey geothermal information system: Computers & Geosciences, v. 9, no. 1, p. 35-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(83)90034-1.","startPage":"35","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266193,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(83)90034-1"},{"id":222179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c8e4b0c8380cd5a3e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapport, A.","contributorId":97109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapport","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011995,"text":"70011995 - 1983 - The relationship of acquisition systems to automated stereo correlation.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:34","indexId":"70011995","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship of acquisition systems to automated stereo correlation.","docAbstract":"Today a concerted effort is being made to expedite the mapping process through automated correlation of stereo data. Stereo correlation involves the comparison of radiance (brightness) signals or patterns recorded by sensors. Conventionally, two-dimensional area correlation is utilized but this is a rather slow and cumbersome procedure. Digital correlation can be performed in only one dimension where suitable signal patterns exist, and the one-dimensional mode is much faster. Electro-optical (EO) systems, suitable for space use, also have much greater flexibility than film systems. Thus, an EO space system can be designed which will optimize one-dimensional stereo correlation and lead toward the automation of topographic mapping.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A., 1983, The relationship of acquisition systems to automated stereo correlation.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 4, p. 539-544.","startPage":"539","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf21e4b08c986b324582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, A. P.","contributorId":82703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011993,"text":"70011993 - 1983 - Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northern and central Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:16:42.34482","indexId":"70011993","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northern and central Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"Teleseismic data were recorded within the Sierra Nevada to look for lateral variations in the upper mantle. The data were collected at both temporary and permanent stations, and P wave residuals were computed. After correcting the P residual data for crustal and topographic effects, there is still a variation of as much as 0.5-0.6 s from the north end of the Sierra Nevada to Mono Lake, located east of the central part of the range. In addition, there are significant variations in travel time patterns, depending on the azimuth of wave arrivals. Two simple modeling approaches have been used to infer the upper mantle velocity structure from the observed variations in travel time. In the first, it is assumed that the velocity variations are distributed throughout a depth range of about 60–160 km. One model that fits the data indicates a north-to-south trend in upper mantle P velocities from about 7.9 km/s at the north end of the Sierra to 7.6 km/s near Mono Lake. Superimposed is a west-to-east trend from 7.85 km/s under the Sierra Nevada crest to 7.7 km/s east of Lake Tahoe. In the second modeling approach, a fixed velocity contrast is assumed between the lithosphere and asthenosphere with variations in travel time resulting from variations in lithospheric thickness. One model, consistent with the observations, indicates a thinning of the lithosphere from 110 km at the north end of the Sierra to 60 km near Mono Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05874","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mavko, B., and Thompson, G.A., 1983, Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northern and central Sierra Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5874-5892, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05874.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5874","endPage":"5892","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd8e4b0c8380cd4e472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mavko, B.B.","contributorId":11331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mavko","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011965,"text":"70011965 - 1983 - Influence of time on metamorphism of sedimentary organic matter in liquid-dominated geothermal systems, western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:28:02.451101","indexId":"70011965","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of time on metamorphism of sedimentary organic matter in liquid-dominated geothermal systems, western North America","docAbstract":"Temperature (T in °C) and mean vitrinite reflectance (Rm in %) of sedimentary organic matter samples from six liquid-dominated geothermal systems plot about a line approximated by a regression equation of the form Rm = 0.435 exp 0.00683T. The reflectance data from these systems are strongly temperature-dependent, with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.8. Geologic evidence indicates that reaction duration ranges from 103 or 104 to 106 yr in these systems that appear to have near-maximum temperatures. The uncertainty in vitrinite reflectance and temperature determinations must account for a large part of the remaining variability not explained by the regression equation; therefore, the strong temperature dependence of Rm indicates that after about 104 yr, reaction duration has little or no influence on metamorphism of organic matter in liquid-dominated geothermal systems. These data indicate that vitrinite reflectance can be used to determine the maximum temperature reached in hot sedimentary basins of moderate longevity.
A regression equation used to estimate a variable is appropriately used only to estimate the dependent variable of that equation; the equation is inappropriately used when solved for an independent variable. Examples given here of this misuse of regression equations are based on actual cases in sedimentologic, geomorphologic, and paleohydrologic literature. The error involved can amount to several hundred percent.