Methods used to simulate a monthly hydrologic budget for water years 1937-92 for the proposed Cherry Creek Reservoir (maximum volume about 14,100 acre-feet) are described and monthly results of the simulation are presented. The budget is based on recorded and estimated streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and estimated reservoir seepage. The budget also includes water diversions from the Yellowstone River whenever the reservoir depth was less than 20 feet (minimum operating level of 2,260 feet) and outflows whenever the reservoir elevation exceeded a maximum operating level of 2,290 feet. Monthly suspended sediment and dissolved-solids concentrations in the reservoir were estimated from regression relations between logarithms of concentration and streamflow for Cherry Creek and for the Yellowstone River near Sidney, Montana.
The results of the reservoir simulation indicate that flows from Cherry Creek, an intermittent stream having a drainage area of about 360 square miles, generally were adequate to maintain the reservoir elevation above the minimum operating level if no seepage loss occurred. With a seepage loss of 3 cubic feet per second, flow diversions from the Yellowstone River were required for 34 percent of the months to maintain the reservoir elevation at minimum operating level. The reservoir elevation generally was maintained near maximum operating level for a seepage loss of 0 cubic feet per second, but generally was close to minimum operating level for a seepage loss of 3 cubic feet per second. Cumulative sediment deposition for the 56-year period was estimated to be about 138 acre-feet from Cherry Creek alone and only slightly more (149 acre-feet) when additional water was imported from the Yellowstone River.
The simulated concentration of dissolved solids in the reservoir showed a slightly increasing trend over time, interrupted by several large decreases, for no reservoir seepage loss. The maximum concentration for no seepage loss reached a maximum value of about 2,500 milligrams per liter in 1982. For a seepage loss of 3 cubic feet per second, water was imported from the Yellowstone River, and the concentration generally ranged from about 500 to about 1,200 milligrams per liter throughout the period.
Flood hydrographs and volumes for flood discharges having 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals were estimated from synthetic 24-hour duration storms having total storm depths with recurrence intervals of 25, 50, and 100 years. These synthetic storms were used in a rainfall-runoff model (HEC-1) based on the Clark unit-hydrograph method to develop flood hydrographs from which volumes were computed. The peak discharges of the 25-, 50-, and 100-year flood hydrographs determined from the rainfallrunoff model compared closely to the 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges determined from regional equations developed by the U. S. Geological Survey. The volume of the 100-year hydrograph developed from the HEC-1 model was about 11,250 acre-feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri944230","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Johnson, D., 1995, Simulated monthly hydrologic data and estimated flood characteristics for Cherry Creek at a proposed reservoir site near Terry, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4230, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944230.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4230/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Prairie County","city":"Terry","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.4013,47.1824],[-105.3211,47.1826],[-105.324,46.9937],[-105.3241,46.9767],[-105.2415,46.9773],[-105.2202,46.9774],[-105.1936,46.9773],[-105.1942,46.9194],[-105.1736,46.919],[-105.153,46.9192],[-105.0679,46.9186],[-105.0672,46.9029],[-105.048,46.9026],[-105.0484,46.8888],[-105.0286,46.8881],[-105.0283,46.86],[-104.7963,46.8597],[-104.7744,46.8598],[-104.7525,46.8598],[-104.7112,46.8599],[-104.666,46.8598],[-104.6003,46.8597],[-104.5997,46.8284],[-104.6031,46.8277],[-104.603,46.8148],[-104.603,46.8001],[-104.6029,46.7858],[-104.6036,46.7712],[-104.6035,46.7427],[-104.6034,46.6985],[-104.6033,46.6847],[-104.604,46.6701],[-104.6039,46.6563],[-104.6278,46.6559],[-104.649,46.6559],[-104.6696,46.6554],[-104.708,46.6552],[-104.7299,46.6552],[-104.7298,46.641],[-104.7297,46.612],[-104.7708,46.6119],[-104.792,46.6119],[-104.7973,46.6116],[-104.8576,46.6114],[-104.8578,46.5857],[-104.858,46.5673],[-104.8983,46.5681],[-104.9816,46.5691],[-104.9814,46.5554],[-104.9814,46.5402],[-105.0694,46.5401],[-105.0905,46.54],[-105.113,46.54],[-105.1328,46.5403],[-105.1533,46.5401],[-105.1996,46.5401],[-105.2161,46.5403],[-105.238,46.5402],[-105.2375,46.554],[-105.2376,46.5691],[-105.2588,46.569],[-105.28,46.5694],[-105.3666,46.569],[-105.3832,46.5691],[-105.4043,46.5695],[-105.4083,46.5692],[-105.4255,46.5698],[-105.4493,46.5698],[-105.4501,46.5845],[-105.451,46.5992],[-105.4721,46.5995],[-105.4907,46.5993],[-105.4911,46.6117],[-105.4906,46.6259],[-105.4908,46.6411],[-105.4909,46.6576],[-105.5313,46.6568],[-105.5764,46.6566],[-105.5767,46.6708],[-105.5774,46.6869],[-105.5778,46.7003],[-105.5781,46.7141],[-105.5784,46.7453],[-105.6182,46.7449],[-105.6217,46.8314],[-105.7074,46.8316],[-105.7658,46.8314],[-105.7871,46.8316],[-105.8276,46.8316],[-105.8288,46.8606],[-105.8554,46.8606],[-105.876,46.8608],[-105.8972,46.8606],[-105.9185,46.8604],[-105.9391,46.8607],[-105.9604,46.8604],[-106.0235,46.8602],[-106.0447,46.86],[-106.0653,46.8597],[-106.0872,46.86],[-106.0866,46.9188],[-106.0865,46.9307],[-106.0853,47.007],[-106.0857,47.0208],[-106.0854,47.035],[-106.0861,47.0938],[-106.0876,47.1808],[-105.9574,47.1821],[-105.9575,47.0938],[-105.8308,47.0937],[-105.8311,47.1093],[-105.8313,47.1241],[-105.8317,47.1383],[-105.8319,47.182],[-105.7044,47.1813],[-105.4013,47.1824]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Prairie\",\"state\":\"MT\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.R.","contributorId":92711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17666,"text":"ofr95104 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data for the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley, western Utah, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:40:53","indexId":"ofr95104","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-104","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley, western Utah, 1991-93","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic data collected during 1991-93 in the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley study area of western Utah. These data were collected in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, as part of a study to investigate possible salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats. The Bonneville Salt Flats and adjacent Pilot Valley are located in the western part of the Great Salt Lake Desert in Utah, near the Nevada border. The Bonneville Salt Flats playa has a thick, perennial salt crust and the Pilot Valley playa has a thin, ephemeral salt crust. Well-completion data, including well depth and screened intervals, are presented in this report for selected shallow and deep monitoring wells. Water-level measurements are reported with corresponding specfic-gravity and temperature measurements. Results of chemical analyses are reported for brine collected from wells and pore fluids extracted from cores.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr95104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., Brothers, W.C., Gerner, L.J., and Muir, P.S., 1995, Selected hydrologic data for the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley, western Utah, 1991-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-104, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95104.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46892,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0104/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Salt Flats, Pilot Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, William C.","contributorId":68891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, Linda J.","contributorId":54250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muir, Pamela S.","contributorId":51769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16959,"text":"ofr9597 - 1995 - Chemical analyses of 33 surface water samples from the Gunnison area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr9597","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-97","title":"Chemical analyses of 33 surface water samples from the Gunnison area, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9597","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J., Miller, W.R., Meier, A.L., and d’Angelo, W.M., 1995, Chemical analyses of 33 surface water samples from the Gunnison area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-97, 4 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9597.","productDescription":"4 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16960,"text":"ofr9579 - 1995 - Chemical analyses of 33 surface water samples from the Redcloud Peak area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr9579","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-79","title":"Chemical analyses of 33 surface water samples from the Redcloud Peak area, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9579","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J., Miller, W.R., Meier, A.L., and d’Angelo, W.M., 1995, Chemical analyses of 33 surface water samples from the Redcloud Peak area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-79, 5 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9579.","productDescription":"5 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6894,"text":"fs15495 - 1995 - Fish communities in the plains region of the South Platte River, August 1993 and 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T16:49:27","indexId":"fs15495","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"154-95","title":"Fish communities in the plains region of the South Platte River, August 1993 and 1994","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program, fish communities were sampled at five sites in the South Platte River from Denver, Colo rado, to North Platte, Nebraska. The number and composition of fish species changed from upstream to downstream in the South Platte River. The total number of fish collected at each site varied among sites and from year to year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/fs15495","usgsCitation":"Tate, C.M., and Martin, L., 1995, Fish communities in the plains region of the South Platte River, August 1993 and 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 154-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15495.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0154/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 154-95"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tate, Cathy M. cmtate@usgs.gov","contributorId":3438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Cathy","email":"cmtate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, L.M.","contributorId":19224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27967,"text":"wri944217 - 1995 - Efficiency of a stormwater detention pond in reducing loads of chemical and physical constituents in urban streamflow, Pinellas County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri944217","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4217","title":"Efficiency of a stormwater detention pond in reducing loads of chemical and physical constituents in urban streamflow, Pinellas County, Florida","docAbstract":"A multipurpose wet stormwater detention pond in Pinellas Park, Florida was studied to determine its effectiveness in reducing the load of selected water-quality constituents commonly found in urban streamflow. Water-quality samples, and data on streamflow and precipitation were collected at the outflow and principal inflow of detention area 3 on Saint Joe Creek. To compare the constituent loads entering and leaving the detention pond, flows and water quality were monitored simultaneously at the inflow and outflow sites for six storms, and were monitored intermittently during periods of base flow. Lodas od 19 selected chemical and physical constituents were determined. Because all the stormwater entering the detention pond was not measured at the inflow site, computed stormwater inflow loads were adjusted to account for loads from the unmonitored areas. The ratio of storm- water volume measured at the outflow site to stormwater volume measured at the inflow site was used to adjust inflow loads for individual storms. Pond efficiencies for selected water- quality constituents for each of the storms were estimated by dividing the difference in outflow and adjusted inflow loads by the adjusted inflow load. Stormwater loads of the major ions (chloride, calcium and bicarbonate) and dissolved solids at the outflow site exceeded loads at the inflow site, partly as a result of mixing with base flow stored within the pond. However, the detention pond was effective in reducing the stormwater load of such urban-runoff contaminants as metals, nutrients, suspended solids, and biochemical and chemical oxygen demand. Estimated median pond efficiencies for reducing constituent loads ranged from 25 to more than 60 percent for metals, 2 to 52 percent for nutrients, 2 to 52 percent for nutrients, 7 to 11 percent for two measurements of suspended solids, and 16 to 49 percent for the oxygen- consuming substances. The reductions of constituent loads in stormwater are probably a result of dilution with pond water (particularly for smaller storms), adsorption, chemical precipitation, settling, biologic uptake, and oxidation. The establishment of aquatic vegetation midway through the study appears to have increased the efficiency of the pond in reducing loads of urban-runoff contaminants in stormwater. The efficiency of the detention pond in reducing base-flow loads was estimated by comparing base-flow loads at the out- flow site prior to and after construction of the pond. Loads of major ions and dissolved solids in base flow were reduced at median efficiencies ranging from 17 to 35 percent. Urban-runoff con- taminants in base flow were generally reduced at higher efficiencies. Median efficiencies ranged from 38 to 82 percent for metals, 19 to 83 percent for nutrients, 34 to 45 percent for suspended solids, and 43 to 65 for the oxygen-consuming substances. The reductions in loads in base flow are probably a result of adsorption, chemical precipitation, biologic uptake, and settling within the pond. These processes were more effective in reducing base-flow loads after the establishment of aquatic vegetation in the pond.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944217","usgsCitation":"Kantrowitz, I., and Woodham, W.M., 1995, Efficiency of a stormwater detention pond in reducing loads of chemical and physical constituents in urban streamflow, Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4217, iv, 18 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944217.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56785,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60684d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kantrowitz, I.H.","contributorId":15646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrowitz","given":"I.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodham, W. M.","contributorId":72356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28687,"text":"wri944141 - 1995 - Differences in results of analyses of concurrent and split stream-water samples collected and analyzed by the US Geological Survey and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1985-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri944141","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4141","title":"Differences in results of analyses of concurrent and split stream-water samples collected and analyzed by the US Geological Survey and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1985-91","docAbstract":"During water years 1985-91, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) cooperated in the collection and analysis of concurrent and split stream-water samples from selected sites in Illinois. Concurrent samples were collected independently by field personnel from each agency at the same time and sent to the IEPA laboratory, whereas the split samples were collected by USGS field personnel and divided into aliquots that were sent to each agency's laboratory for analysis. The water-quality data from these programs were examined by means of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test to identify statistically significant differences between results of the USGS and IEPA analyses. The data sets for constituents and properties identified by the Wilcoxon test as having significant differences were further examined by use of the paired t-test, mean relative percentage difference, and scattergrams to determine if the differences were important. Of the 63 constituents and properties in the concurrent-sample analysis, differences in only 2 (pH and ammonia) were statistically significant and large enough to concern water-quality engineers and planners. Of the 27 constituents and properties in the split-sample analysis, differences in 9 (turbidity, dissolved potassium, ammonia, total phosphorus, dissolved aluminum, dissolved barium, dissolved iron, dissolved manganese, and dissolved nickel) were statistically significant and large enough to con- cern water-quality engineers and planners. The differences in concentration between pairs of the concurrent samples were compared to the precision of the laboratory or field method used. The differences in concentration between pairs of the concurrent samples were compared to the precision of the laboratory or field method used. The differences in concentration between paris of split samples were compared to the precision of the laboratory method used and the interlaboratory precision of measuring a given concentration or property. Consideration of method precision indicated that differences between concurrent samples were insignificant for all concentrations and properties except pH, and that differences between split samples were significant for all concentrations and properties. Consideration of interlaboratory precision indicated that the differences between the split samples were not unusually large. The results for the split samples illustrate the difficulty in obtaining comparable and accurate water-quality data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey-ESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944141","usgsCitation":"Melching, C., and Coupe, R., 1995, Differences in results of analyses of concurrent and split stream-water samples collected and analyzed by the US Geological Survey and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1985-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4141, iv, 46 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944141.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57527,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":23973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4725,"text":"twri03A21 - 1995 - Stream-gaging cableways","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21289,"text":"ofr9184 - 1993 - Streamgaging cableways","indexId":"ofr9184","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Streamgaging cableways"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4725,"text":"twri03A21 - 1995 - Stream-gaging cableways","indexId":"twri03A21","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Stream-gaging cableways"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri03A21","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-A21","title":"Stream-gaging cableways","docAbstract":"This manual provides a series of standard designs for stream-gaging cableways used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). It provides helpful information on construction, inspection, and maintenance of cableways.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/twri03A21","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C.R., 1995, Stream-gaging cableways: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-A21, xiii, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03A21.","productDescription":"xiii, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-a21/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, C. Russell","contributorId":93475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26067,"text":"wri944216 - 1995 - Verification and adjustment of regional regression models for urban storm-runoff quality using data collected in Little Rock, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri944216","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4216","title":"Verification and adjustment of regional regression models for urban storm-runoff quality using data collected in Little Rock, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Storm-runoff water-quality data were used to verify and, when appropriate, adjust regional regression models previously developed to estimate urban storm- runoff loads and mean concentrations in Little Rock, Arkansas. Data collected at 5 representative sites during 22 storms from June 1992 through January 1994 compose the Little Rock data base. Comparison of observed values (0) of storm-runoff loads and mean concentrations to the predicted values (Pu) from the regional regression models for nine constituents (chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total recoverable copper, total recoverable lead, and total recoverable zinc) shows large prediction errors ranging from 63 to several thousand percent. Prediction errors for six of the regional regression models are less than 100 percent, and can be considered reasonable for water-quality models. Differences between 0 and Pu are due to variability in the Little Rock data base and error in the regional models. Where applicable, a model adjustment procedure (termed MAP-R-P) based upon regression with 0 against Pu was applied to improve predictive accuracy. For 11 of the 18 regional water-quality models, 0 and Pu are significantly correlated, that is much of the variation in 0 is explained by the regional models. Five of these 11 regional models consistently overestimate O; therefore, MAP-R-P can be used to provide a better estimate. For the remaining seven regional models, 0 and Pu are not significanfly correlated, thus neither the unadjusted regional models nor the MAP-R-P is appropriate. A simple estimator, such as the mean of the observed values may be used if the regression models are not appropriate. Standard error of estimate of the adjusted models ranges from 48 to 130 percent. Calibration results may be biased due to the limited data set sizes in the Little Rock data base. The relatively large values of standard error of estimate for some of the constituent models may be unacceptable for some applications. The user may need to collect additional local data for these constituents and repeat the model adjustment procedure analysis or calibrate an independent local regression model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944216","usgsCitation":"Barks, C., 1995, Verification and adjustment of regional regression models for urban storm-runoff quality using data collected in Little Rock, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4216, v, 12, 25 p. :map ;28 cm. [PGS - 37 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944216.","productDescription":"v, 12, 25 p. :map ;28 cm. [PGS - 37 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60221a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barks, C. S.","contributorId":66712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barks","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21019,"text":"ofr95101 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:45:24","indexId":"ofr95101","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-101","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94","docAbstract":"This report contains selected hydrologic data collected in Juab Valley, Utah, from 1935 to 1994. The study area is in eastern Juab County in central Utah. The area is bounded on the east by the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains and on the west by Long Ridge and West Hills. A ground-water divide exists south of Levan Ridge, a topographic divide that separates the valley into northern and southern parts. The area is in the Basin and Range Physiographic Province described by Fenneman (1931) and includes about 171 square miles of basin-fill deposits (pl. 1).
Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Bjorklund (1967) and Bjorklund and Robinson (1968). Some well-location names have been changed from those published previously because new larger-scale maps allow location to be plotted more accurately. The changes are footnoted in the tables.
The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the water resources of the area and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Selected well, spring, surface-water, and rock-sample data are reported in tables 1 to 10. Selected data, including well depth and water level, are reported for 283 wells, and results of chemical analyses are reported for samples from 74 wells, 15 springs, and 7 surface-water sites. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic data sites is shown in figure 1. Locations of the hydrologic-data sites and the rock-sample site are shown on plate 1. Discharge-measurement sites on Salt Creek, on selected canals, and in the West Creek area are shown in figure 2.
These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities that permitted access to their wells, springs, and property.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr95101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.I., 1995, Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-101, Report: iv, 85 p.; Plate: 15.00 in x 25.00 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95101.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 85 p.; Plate: 15.00 in x 25.00 in","numberOfPages":"89","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19374,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50593,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b2d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26106,"text":"wri944176 - 1995 - Spatial data in geographic information system format on agricultural chemical use, land use, and cropping practices in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T22:48:50.570823","indexId":"wri944176","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4176","title":"Spatial data in geographic information system format on agricultural chemical use, land use, and cropping practices in the United States","docAbstract":"The spatial data in geographic information system format described in this report consist of estimates for all counties in the conterminous United States of the annual use of 96 herbicides in 1989; annual sales of nitrogen fertilizer, in tons, for 1985-91; and agricultural expenses, land use, chemical use, livestock holdings, and cropping practices in 1987. The source information, originally in tabular form, is summarized as digital polygon attribute data in the 18 geographic information system spatial data layers (coverages) provided. The information in these coverages can be used in estimating regional agricultural-chemical use or agricultural practices and in producing visual displays and mapping relative rates of agricultural-chemical use or agricultural practices across broad regions of the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944176","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A., 1995, Spatial data in geographic information system format on agricultural chemical use, land use, and cropping practices in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4176, Report: iv, 87 p.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944176.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 87 p.; Metadata","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392356,"rank":22,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43389.htm"},{"id":277088,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nit91.xml"},{"id":2056,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25901,"text":"wri944207 - 1995 - Hydrology and relation of selected water-quality constituents to selected physical factors in Dakota County, Minnesota, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:34:06","indexId":"wri944207","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4207","title":"Hydrology and relation of selected water-quality constituents to selected physical factors in Dakota County, Minnesota, 1990-91","docAbstract":"Selected water-quality constituents were determined in water from 5 surface-water sites and 29 wells in Dakota County, Minnesota, to search for possible relations to selected physical factors, including waste-water discharge, agricultural land, Quaternary deposits, bedrock, soil-leaching potential, and water-table depth. All surface-water samples were from the Vermillion River Basin, whose hydrologic setting was studied to determine its relation to the ground-water flow in the surrounding surficial sand aquifer. Each site was sampled from 1 to 12 times during 1990- 91. A total of 198 samples were collected; selected samples were analyzed for major inorganic ions, nutrients, and triazine content. Physical factors within the area of land assumed to be contributing water to each sampling site were determined from existing mapped or digitized sources. Nitrate concentrations in ground water were related to agricultural land and soil-leaching potential. Nitrate concentrations were large (median 13.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) where the percentage of agricultural land in the contributing area was large (equal to or greater than 75 percent) and where the soils had a large soil-leaching potential. Nitrate concentrations were small (median 3.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) where the soils had a small soil-leaching potential, despite a large percentage of agricultural land. The statistical relation was not particularly strong, however: the null hypothesis that sites with different soil-leaching potentials had the same nitrate concentrations in ground water was rejected by the Kruskal-Wallis test at only the probability P = 0.15 level. Water-table depth was not an important factor in the relation between nitrate concentrations in ground water and agricultural land. Discharge from a waste-water treatment plant provided most of the downstream loading of nitrate into the Vermillion River mainstem. Triazines were found in small concentrations (less than 2 micrograms per liter) in the Vermillion River and its tributaries. No relation was apparent between selected water-quality constituents and either Quaternary deposits or bedrock.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources and the Dakota County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Almendinger, J., and Mitton, G., 1995, Hydrology and relation of selected water-quality constituents to selected physical factors in Dakota County, Minnesota, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4207, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944207.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Dakota County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.023,44.8838],[-93.0199,44.8747],[-93.0186,44.8615],[-93.0188,44.8469],[-93.0182,44.8382],[-93.0202,44.824],[-93.0229,44.8108],[-93.0242,44.804],[-93.0275,44.7976],[-93.0205,44.7825],[-93.0141,44.7738],[-93.0013,44.7719],[-92.9878,44.7742],[-92.9691,44.7727],[-92.9595,44.7663],[-92.9473,44.7663],[-92.9415,44.7713],[-92.9356,44.7776],[-92.9324,44.779],[-92.9254,44.7785],[-92.9183,44.778],[-92.9093,44.7771],[-92.8964,44.7761],[-92.8907,44.7742],[-92.8804,44.7701],[-92.8759,44.7678],[-92.8696,44.7618],[-92.8619,44.7517],[-92.8511,44.7494],[-92.8414,44.748],[-92.8254,44.7484],[-92.8138,44.7442],[-92.81,44.7433],[-92.8081,44.7424],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7799,44.7342],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7613,44.7261],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.753,44.7224],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.737,44.7173],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9552,44.5127],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.2782,44.6326],[-93.3193,44.6332],[-93.3203,44.7176],[-93.3261,44.7176],[-93.3285,44.791],[-93.3253,44.7933],[-93.3201,44.7938],[-93.3143,44.7937],[-93.3086,44.7942],[-93.3028,44.7965],[-93.2996,44.7983],[-93.295,44.8001],[-93.2937,44.8001],[-93.2905,44.8005],[-93.2854,44.8028],[-93.2834,44.806],[-93.2802,44.8078],[-93.2725,44.8087],[-93.2719,44.8087],[-93.2654,44.8096],[-93.2596,44.8096],[-93.2545,44.8119],[-93.248,44.816],[-93.2435,44.8187],[-93.2396,44.8205],[-93.2364,44.8242],[-93.2325,44.8274],[-93.23,44.8283],[-93.2267,44.8296],[-93.2229,44.8315],[-93.2228,44.836],[-93.2209,44.8392],[-93.2164,44.841],[-93.2119,44.8415],[-93.208,44.8451],[-93.2061,44.8497],[-93.2041,44.8529],[-93.1989,44.8583],[-93.1989,44.8615],[-93.2008,44.8647],[-93.1976,44.8665],[-93.1931,44.8702],[-93.1892,44.8752],[-93.1834,44.8829],[-93.1827,44.8866],[-93.1782,44.8911],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0294,44.8966]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dakota\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendinger, J.E.","contributorId":82357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendinger","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitton, G.B.","contributorId":104517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30400,"text":"wri944238 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and simulation of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T12:29:24","indexId":"wri944238","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4238","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Anticipated increases in pumping from the bedrock aquifers in El Paso County potentially could affect the direction and rate of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers and lower water levels in the overlying alluvial aquifer. The alluvial aquifer underlies about 90 square miles in the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin of eastern El Paso County. The alluvial aquifer consists of unconsolidated alluvial deposits that unconformably overlie siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerate (bedrock aquifers) and claystone, shale, and coal (bedrock confining units) of the Denver Basin. The bedrock aquifers (Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers) are separated by confining units (upper and lower Denver and the Laramie confining units) and overlie a relatively thick and impermeable Pierre confining unit. The Pierre confining unit is assumed to be a no-flow boundary at the base of the alluvial/ bedrock aquifer system.
During 1949-90, substantial water-level declines, as large as 50 feet, in the alluvial aquifer resulted from withdrawals from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation and municipal supplies. Average recharge to the alluvial aquifer from infiltration of precipitation and surface water was an estimated 11.97 cubic feet per second and from the underlying bedrock aquifers was an estimated 0.87 cubic foot per second.
Water-level data from eight bedrock observation wells and eight nearby alluvial wells indicate that, locally, the alluvial and bedrock aquifers probably are hydraulically connected and that the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin receives recharge from the Denver and Arapahoe aquifers but-locally recharges the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer.
Subsurface-temperature profiles were evaluated as a means of estimating specific discharge across the bedrock surface (the base of the alluvial aquifer). However, assumptions of the analytical method were not met by field conditions and, thus, analyses of subsurface-temperature profiles did not reliably estimate specific discharge across the bedrock surface. The vertical hydraulic diffusivity of a siltstone and sandstone in the lower Denver confining unit was estimated, by an aquifer test, to be about 8 x 10'4 square foot per day.
Physical and chemical characteristics of water from the bedrock aquifers in the study area generally differ from the physical and chemical characteristics of water from the alluvial aquifer, except for the physical and chemical characteristics of water from one bedrock well, which is completed in the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer. In the southern part of the study area, physical and chemical characteristics of ground water indicate downward flow of water from the alluvial aquifer to the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer.
A three-dimensional numerical model was used to evaluate flow of water between the alluvial aquifer and underlying bedrock. Simulation of steady-state conditions indicates that flow from the bedrock aquifers to the alluvial aquifer was about 7 percent of recharge to the alluvial aquifer, about 0.87 cubic foot per second. The potential effects of withdrawal from the alluvial and bedrock aquifers at estimated (October 1989 to September 1990) rates and from the bedrock aquifers at two larger hypothetical rates were simulated for a 50-year projection period. The model simulations indicate that water levels in the alluvial aquifer will decline an average of 8.6 feet after 50 years of pumping at estimated October 1989 to September 1990 rates. Increases in withdrawals from the bedrock aquifers in El Paso County were simulated to: (1) Capture flow that currently discharges from the bedrock aquifers to springs and streams in upland areas and to the alluvial aquifer, (2) induce flow downward from the alluvial aquifer, and (3) accelerate the rate of waterlevel decline in the alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cherokee Metropolitan District; Colorado Springs Utilities, Water Resources Department; and the Upper Black Squirrel Creek Ground Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.R., 1995, Hydrogeology and simulation of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4238, viii, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944238.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4238/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6642,39.1308],[-104.6072,39.1307],[-104.4958,39.1298],[-104.3854,39.1284],[-104.2733,39.1278],[-104.166,39.1277],[-104.0521,39.1264],[-104.0538,39.0407],[-104.0544,38.9528],[-104.0549,38.8666],[-104.0537,38.7801],[-104.0525,38.693],[-104.051,38.6585],[-104.0524,38.6069],[-104.054,38.523],[-104.1629,38.5215],[-104.2759,38.5204],[-104.2794,38.5205],[-104.2836,38.5201],[-104.3759,38.52],[-104.4971,38.5192],[-104.6071,38.5187],[-104.7171,38.5186],[-104.736,38.5183],[-104.8295,38.5183],[-104.943,38.5175],[-104.9432,38.5479],[-104.943,38.5624],[-104.9429,38.6041],[-104.9427,38.6186],[-104.9429,38.6467],[-104.9429,38.6503],[-104.9427,38.6621],[-104.9427,38.6648],[-104.9428,38.6938],[-104.9399,38.6938],[-104.9386,38.7808],[-104.939,38.7949],[-105.0671,38.7946],[-105.0674,38.8666],[-105.0502,38.8665],[-105.0296,38.8668],[-105.026,39.0413],[-105.032,39.1311],[-104.9371,39.1312],[-104.9175,39.131],[-104.8303,39.1311],[-104.6642,39.1308]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"El Paso\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af0e4b07f02db6916df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18659,"text":"ofr9587 - 1995 - Potential remediation measures for acidic irrigation water derived from the Alamosa River in south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr9587","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-87","title":"Potential remediation measures for acidic irrigation water derived from the Alamosa River in south-central Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9587","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., and Raymond, W.H., 1995, Potential remediation measures for acidic irrigation water derived from the Alamosa River in south-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-87, ii, 22 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9587.","productDescription":"ii, 22 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, William H.","contributorId":48555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17830,"text":"ofr95129 - 1995 - Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-November 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr95129","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-129","title":"Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-November 1992","docAbstract":"This report contains water-quality data for the Ohio River, collected during the summer and fall of 1992, from river mile 51.1 (3.3 miles upstream from New Cumberland Dam) to river mile 84.0 (0.2 miles upstream from Pike Island Dam). The data were collected to assess the effects of hydropower development on water quality. Water quality was determined by a combination of repeated synoptic field measurements and laboratory analyses. Synoptic measurements were made along a longitudinal transect with 18 mid-channel sampling sites; cross-sectional transects of water quality were measured at 5 of these sites. Water-quality measurements also were made at two sites located on the back-channel (Ohio) side of Browns Island. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and specific conductance were measured at each longitudinal-transect and back-channel sampling site. Longitudinal-transect and back-channel stations were sampled at three depths (about 3.3 feet below the surface of the water, middle of the water column, and near the bottom of the river). Cross-sectional transects consisted of three or four detailed vertical pro- files of the same characteristics. Water samples were collected from three depths at the mid-channel vertical profile in each cross-sectional transect and were analyzed for concentrations of phyto- plankton photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Estimates of the depth of light penetration (Secchi disk transparency) were made at pigment-sampling locations whenever light and river-surface conditions were appropriate. Synoptic sampling usually was completed in 12 hours or less and was repeated seven times between June 25 and November 6, 1992.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95129","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.F., Faulkenburg, C., Chambers, D., and Waldron, M., 1995, Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-November 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-129, iv, 46 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95129.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47068,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kimberly F. kfmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberly","email":"kfmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":178038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkenburg, C.W.","contributorId":6073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkenburg","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, D.B.","contributorId":76762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldron, M.C.","contributorId":33342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20962,"text":"ofr95116 - 1995 - Presence and distribution of nitrate and selected pesticides in surficial-sand aquifers and selected lakes, 1993-94, East Otter Tail County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T22:42:53.254898","indexId":"ofr95116","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-116","title":"Presence and distribution of nitrate and selected pesticides in surficial-sand aquifers and selected lakes, 1993-94, East Otter Tail County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"This report presents selected data collected during the first year (December 1993 to September 1994) of a three year water-quality study of surficial-sand aquifers and selected lakes in east Otter Tail County, Minnesota. The objectives of the study are (1) to determine the presence and distribution of nitrate-nitrogen and selected pesticides in ground water from the surficial-sand aquifers; and (2) to characterize the water quality of selected lakes and the Otter Tail River.
\nGround water was sampled from 73 wells. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in ground water was above 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 30 of the sampled wells (38 percent). The concentration of triazine herbicide compounds, as determined by immunoassay, was above the detection limit 0.10 ug/l (micrograms per liter) in water from 17 of the sampled wells (24 percent). The nitrate- nitrogen concentration in water from 14 wells, compared to data collected during a previous study in 1979-81, increased in water from 4 wells and decreased in water from 4 wells.
\nLake water was sampled from 11 sites on Little Pine, Big Pine, Rush, and Otter Tail Lakes. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were all below the detection limit (0.05 mg/L). The concentration of triazine herbicide compounds, as determined by immunoassay, was at or below the detection limit (0.10 ug/L) at all 11 sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at the sites ranged from 7.3 to 10.1 mg/L at the water surface, and from 5.3 to 9.7 mg/L at depth. Secchi disk transparency readings ranged from 4.0 to 7.4 feet. Total phosphorus concentrations were generally near or below the detection limit (0.01 mg/L) except at one site where the water had a total phosphorus concentration of 0.06 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr95116","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.E., and Ruhl, J., 1995, Presence and distribution of nitrate and selected pesticides in surficial-sand aquifers and selected lakes, 1993-94, East Otter Tail County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-116, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95116.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391712,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18402.htm"},{"id":50545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Otter Tail County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.1627,46.7191],[-95.1624,46.6306],[-95.1545,46.6303],[-95.1559,46.3708],[-95.1563,46.2828],[-95.1464,46.2825],[-95.1454,46.108],[-95.7693,46.1073],[-96.0862,46.1076],[-96.2667,46.109],[-96.2656,46.2854],[-96.2813,46.2851],[-96.2827,46.6308],[-96.1729,46.6307],[-96.1745,46.7187],[-96.0228,46.7179],[-96.0163,46.7199],[-96.0062,46.7178],[-95.1627,46.7191]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Otter Tail\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Shannon E.","contributorId":19967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruhl, James E.","contributorId":71580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17819,"text":"ofr94705 - 1995 - Volcanic investigations in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, April to May 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T09:44:54","indexId":"ofr94705","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-705","title":"Volcanic investigations in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, April to May 1994","docAbstract":"A team of U.S. Geological Survey geologists, a seismologist, and technicians gathered new geologic, seismic, and deformation data in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Nine volcanic islands on the active East Mariana Ridge north of Saipan were examined between April 20 and May 3, 1994. In addition, a new radio-telemetry seismic station was installed on the island of Agrihan (also spelled Agrigan). This report describes our continuing efforts, that began in May 1981, to establish volcano monitors and to assess hazards in the CNMI. Our previous visits, from September 1990 to May 1992, are documented in Moore and others (1991, 1993).
\nRegional seismicity of the Mariana Island region, as recorded by the USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), included at least 324 events between January 1, 1991, and February 4, 1994. The largest event was a M 8.1 Guam earthquake on August 8, 1993, which caused extensive damage to that island and was felt on Saipan. Intermittent seismic activity continues to occur in the Anatahan-Sarigan, Guguan-Alamagan-Pagan, and PaganAgrihan-Asuncion areas.
\nMount Pagan volcano was actively erupting ash during our 11 days on the island of Pagan. We were able to document seismicity and ground deformation associated with this volcanic activity. None of the other subaerial volcanoes in the chain showed signs of eruptive activity during our visit, but an overflight in a fixed-wing aircraft by geologist Richard Moore and CNMI Lieutenant Governor Jesus Borja detected an apparent submarine eruption between Farallon de Pajaros (also known as Uracas or Uracus) and Maug. The only surveillance of the three uninhabited islands of Farallon de Pajaros, Maug, and Sarigan was by aerial reconnaissance. Geologists studied the other six islands in greater detail by field mapping and aerial surveillance.
\nElectronic distance measurement (EDM) permanent-glass monitor lines were measured on Agrihan, Pagan, and Anatahan. The majority of line-length changes on Agrihan were insignificant (<16 mm). Mount Pagan's south EDM monitor was reestablished, and 1994 results, compared with 1983 measurements, show large changes associated with renewed volcanic activity. Contractions of 59 mm (stations INS to REF) and 157 mm (stations INS to MID) were measured on the south monitor. The southwest Pagan EDM monitor showed a 56 mm contraction for the same period (stations PAGAN 1 to RIDGE 2). Line-length change of this sense and magnitude usually indicates that inflation has occurred in the volcano. Measurements during the 1994 visit to Pagan Island showed no significant changes (for all measurements made during April-May 1994). Anatahan also showed changes as large as -50 mm, accumulated over a time span of approximately two years.
\nTemperatures and pH values of hot spring waters on Agrihan, Pagan, and Anatahan and fumaroles on Agrihan and Anatahan were measured. The temperature data indicated no significant change in the state of these volcanoes since 1992. We collected warm spring water from Lagoonam Sanhalom (Inland Lake) near Mount Pagan. In addition, we started geologic mapping on Asuncion and Guguan, collected charcoal to date three eruptions of Mount Pagan, and collected rocks on Asuncion, Guguan, Pagan, and Alamagan for petrographic and chemical studies.
\nWe conclude that the low and infrequent shallow seismicity, lack of significant deformation, and low fumarole temperatures suggest that no eruption is likely soon on Agrihan and Alamagan. Anatahan's deformation pattern continues to behave in an erratic manner. Because f the lack of seismicity, it seems unlikely that an eruption of Anatahan will occur soon. The persistent volcanic tremor and significant EDM changes on Mount Pagan mean that small explosive eruptions will continue to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94705","usgsCitation":"Sako, M., Trusdell, F., Koyanagi, R.Y., Kojima, G., and Moore, R.B., 1995, Volcanic investigations in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, April to May 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-705, Report: 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94705.","productDescription":"Report: 57 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0705/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0705/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.03076171875,\n 13.859413869074032\n ],\n [\n 148.42529296875,\n 13.859413869074032\n ],\n [\n 148.42529296875,\n 19.9526963975442\n ],\n [\n 144.03076171875,\n 19.9526963975442\n ],\n [\n 144.03076171875,\n 13.859413869074032\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4919e4b07f02db572bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sako, M. K.","contributorId":50152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kojima, George","contributorId":53819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kojima","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":17824,"text":"ofr9398 - 1995 - Water levels in continuously monitored wells in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-02T14:56:02","indexId":"ofr9398","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-98","title":"Water levels in continuously monitored wells in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9398","usgsCitation":"Lobmeyer, D.H., Luckey, R.R., O’Brien, G.M., and Burkhardt, D., 1995, Water levels in continuously monitored wells in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-98, v, 173 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9398.","productDescription":"v, 173 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lobmeyer, David H.","contributorId":85156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobmeyer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, G. M.","contributorId":31407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkhardt, D.J.","contributorId":53398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18412,"text":"ofr94485 - 1995 - Water-level fluctuations, water temperatures, and tilts in sandbars -6.5R, 43.1L, and 172.3L, Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1990-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94485","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-485","title":"Water-level fluctuations, water temperatures, and tilts in sandbars -6.5R, 43.1L, and 172.3L, Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1990-93","docAbstract":"Rill erosion, slumping, and fissuring develop on seepage faces of many sandbars along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon at low river stage. Three sandbars were instrumented with sensors for continual monitoring of stage, pore pressure, ground-water temperature, and tilt to determine the relation between ground-water flow and sandbar deformation. Data were collected from October 1990 to July 1993 at sandbar -6.5R, which had 17 pore- pressure sensors, 1 stage sensor, 19 temperature sensors, and 8 tilt sensors. Data were collected from April 1991 to March 1993 at sandbar 172.3L, which had 15 pore-pressure sensors, 1 stage sensor, 29 temperature sensors, and 10 tilt sensors. Atten- uation of water-level fluctuation from the zone of fluctuating river stage to the back of the sandbars ranged from 70 percent at sandbar -6.5R to 40 percent for sandbars 43.1L and 172.3L. Shallow tilt occurred at sandbar 43.1L from July 7 to August 10, 1991. Tilt occurred at sandbar 172.3L on May 7-8, June 18-19, and September 1-2, 1991; July 3 and 31, 1992; January 12, 14, 20-21, and 31, 1993; and February 21 and 24, 1993.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94485","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, M.C., Crosswhite, J.A., and Carruth, R., 1995, Water-level fluctuations, water temperatures, and tilts in sandbars -6.5R, 43.1L, and 172.3L, Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1990-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-485, iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94485.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0485/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Michael C. mcarpent@usgs.gov","contributorId":3977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Michael","email":"mcarpent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":179074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crosswhite, Jason A.","contributorId":46110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosswhite","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carruth, R. L.","contributorId":31413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20056,"text":"ofr9585 - 1995 - Volcanic gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:04:05","indexId":"ofr9585","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-85","title":"Volcanic gas","docAbstract":"In Roman mythology, Vulcan, the god of fire, was said to have made tools and weapons for the other gods in his workshop at Olympus. Throughout history, volcanoes have frequently been identified with Vulcan and other mythological figures. Scientists now know that the “smoke\" from volcanoes, once attributed by poets to be from Vulcan’s forge, is actually volcanic gas naturally released from both active and many inactive volcanoes.
\nThe molten rock, or magma, that lies beneath volcanoes and fuels eruptions, contains abundant gases that are released to the surface before, during, and after eruptions. These gases range from relatively benign low-temperature steam to thick hot clouds of choking sulfurous fume jetting from the earth.
\nWater vapor is typically the most abundant volcanic gas, followed by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Other volcanic gases are hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrofluoric acid, and other trace gases and volatile metals. The concentrations of these gas species can vary considerably from one volcano to the next.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9585","usgsCitation":"McGee, K.A., and Gerlach, T.M., 1995, Volcanic gas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-85, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9585.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9585.jpg"},{"id":49613,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0085/pdf/ofr95-85.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":288352,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0085/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, Terrance M.","contributorId":89512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Terrance","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28578,"text":"wri954021 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Cross-sectional and depth variation of water-quality constituents and properties in the upper Illinois River Basin, 1987-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T21:30:28.145813","indexId":"wri954021","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4021","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Cross-sectional and depth variation of water-quality constituents and properties in the upper Illinois River Basin, 1987-88","docAbstract":"Data on water velocity, temperature, specific con- ductance, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll concentration, suspended sediment con- centration, fecal-coliform counts, and the percen- tage of suspended sediment finer than 62 micrometers ranged up to 21 percent; and cross-section coefficients of variation of the concentrations of suspended sediment, fecal coliform, and chlorophyll ranged from 7 to 115 percent. Midchannel measure- ments of temperature, specific conductance, and pH were within 5 percent of mean cross-sectional values of these properties at the eight sampling sites, most of which appear well mixed because of the effect of dams and reservoirs. Measurements of the concentration of dissolved oxygen at various cross- section locations and at variable sampling depths are required to obtain a representative value of this constituent at these sites. The large varia- bility of concentrations of chlorophyll and suspended sediment, and fecal-coliform counts at the eight sampling sites indicates that composite rather than midchannel or mean values of these constituents are likely to be most representative of the channel cross section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954021","usgsCitation":"Marron, D.C., and Blanchard, S.F., 1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Cross-sectional and depth variation of water-quality constituents and properties in the upper Illinois River Basin, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4021, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954021.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2360,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=95-4021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48138.htm"},{"id":159087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57401,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 40.4667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 40.4667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 43.1\n\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 40.4667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marron, Donna C.","contributorId":6900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28006,"text":"wri944251 - 1995 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T12:06:35","indexId":"wri944251","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4251","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020","docAbstract":"This report describes a three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque Basin, which comprises the Santa Fe Group (late Oligocene to middle Pleistocene age) and overlying valley and basin-fill deposits (Pleistocene to Holocene age). The model is designed to be flexible and adaptive to new geologic and hydrologic information as it becomes available, by using a geographic information system as a data-base manager to interface with the model. The aquifer system was defined and quantified in the model consistent with the current (July 1994) understanding of the structural and geohydrologic framework of the basin. Rather than putting the model through a rigorous calibration process, discrepancies between simulated and measured responses in hydraulic head were taken to indicate that the understanding of a local part of the aquifer system was incomplete or incorrect.
The model simulates ground-water flow over an area of about 2,400 square miles to a depth of 1,730 to about 2,020 feet below the water table with 244 rows, 178 columns, and 11 layers. Of the 477,752 cells in the model, 310,376 are active. The top four model layers approximate the 80- foot thickness of alluvium in the incised and refilled valley of the Rio Grande to provide detail of the effect of ground-water withdrawals on the surface-water system. Away from the valley, these four layers represent the interval within the Santa Fe Group aquifer system between the computed predevelopment water table and a level 80 feet below the grade of the Rio Grande. The simulations include initial conditions (steady-state), the 1901-1994 historical period, and four possible ground-water withdrawal scenarios from 1994 to 2020.
The model indicates that for the year ending in March 1994, net surface-water loss in the basin resulting from the City of Albuquerque's ground-water withdrawal totaled about 53,000 acre-feet. The balance of the about 123,000 acre-feet of withdrawal came from aquifer storage depletion (about 67,800 acre-feet) and captured or salvaged evapotranspiration (about 2,500 acrefeet).
In the four scenarios projected from 1994 to 2020, City of Albuquerque annual withdrawals ranged from about 98,700 to about 177,000 acre-feet by the year 2020. The range of resulting surface-water loss was from about 62,000 to about 77,000 acre-feet. The range of aquifer storage depletion was from about 33,400 to about 95,900 acre-feet. Captured evapotranspiration and drain-return flow remained nearly constant for all scenarios. From 1994 to 2020, maximum projected declines in hydraulic head in the primary water-production zone of the aquifer (model layer 9) for the four scenarios ranged from 55 to 164 feet east of the Rio Grande and from 91 to 258 feet west of the river. Average declines in a 383.7-square-mile area around Albuquerque ranged from 28 to 65 feet in the production zone for the same period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944251","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., McAda, D.P., and Thorn, C.R., 1995, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4251, Report: ix, 114 p.; Plate: 20.31 x 31.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944251.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 114 p.; Plate: 20.31 x 31.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.375,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106.125,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106.125,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.375,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.375,\n 34.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, C. R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20305,"text":"ofr95546 - 1995 - Analytical results and other information for 415 water samples collected from wells, springs, and streams, 1976-1987, Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-18T07:16:58","indexId":"ofr95546","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-546","title":"Analytical results and other information for 415 water samples collected from wells, springs, and streams, 1976-1987, Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95546","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Nowlan, G., 1995, Analytical results and other information for 415 water samples collected from wells, springs, and streams, 1976-1987, Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-546, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text [3 p]. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95546.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text [3 p]. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0546/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0546/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277750,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0546/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowlan, G.A.","contributorId":99131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}