{"pageNumber":"1619","pageRowStart":"40450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":17997,"text":"ofr95107 - 1995 - Irrigated croplands, estimated pumpage, and water-level changes in Diamond Valley, Eureka and Elko counties, Nevada, through 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:20","indexId":"ofr95107","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-107","title":"Irrigated croplands, estimated pumpage, and water-level changes in Diamond Valley, Eureka and Elko counties, Nevada, through 1990","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95107","usgsCitation":"Arteaga, F.E., Smith, J.L., and Harrill, J.R., 1995, Irrigated croplands, estimated pumpage, and water-level changes in Diamond Valley, Eureka and Elko counties, Nevada, through 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-107, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95107.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19345,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0107/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66727d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arteaga, Freddy E.","contributorId":73601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arteaga","given":"Freddy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":178350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrill, James R.","contributorId":99533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28664,"text":"wri944128 - 1995 - Water quality of the Boca Raton canal system and effects of the Hillsboro Canal inflow, southeastern Florida, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri944128","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4128","title":"Water quality of the Boca Raton canal system and effects of the Hillsboro Canal inflow, southeastern Florida, 1990-91","docAbstract":"The City of Boca Raton in southeastern Palm Beach County, Florida, is an urban residential area that has sustained a constant population growth with subsequent increase in water use. The Boca Raton network of canals is controlled to provide for drainage of excess water, to maintain proper coastal ground-water levels to prevent saltwater intrusion, and to recharge the surficial aquifer system from which the city withdraws potable water. Most of the water supplied to the Boca Raton canal system and the surficial aquifer system, other than rainfall and runoff, is pumped from the Hillsboro Canal. The Biscayne aquifer, principal hydrogeologic unit of the surficial aquifer system, is highly permeable and there is a close relation between water levels in the canals and the aquifer. The amount of water supplied by seepage from the conservation areas is unknown. Because the Hillsboro Canal flows from Lake Okeechobee and Water Conservation Areas 1 and 2, which are places of more highly mineralized ground water and surface water, the canal is a possible source of contamination. Water samples were collected at 10 canal sites during wet and dry seasons and analyzed for major inorganic ions and related characteristics, nutrients, and trace elements. All concentrations were generally within or less than the drinking-water standards established by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. The high concentrations of sodium and chloride that were detected in samples from the Boca Raton canal system are probably from the more mineralized water of the Hillsboro Canal. Other water-quality data, gathered from various sources from 1982 through 1991, did not indicate any significant changes nor trends. The effects of the Hillsboro Canal on the water quality of the Boca Raton canal system are indicated by increased concentrations of sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, and total organic carbon. Concentrations of the constituents in the canal water generally decrease with distance from the Hillsboro Canal pumping station and are the result of dilution by receiving canal waters.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944128","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D., 1995, Water quality of the Boca Raton canal system and effects of the Hillsboro Canal inflow, southeastern Florida, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4128, iv, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. [PGS - 18 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944128.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. [PGS - 18 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2258,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri944128","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, D.J.","contributorId":75134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185717,"text":"70185717 - 1995 - Hydrostatigraphic characterization of coastal aquifer by geophysical log analysis, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T11:24:08","indexId":"70185717","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2631,"text":"Log Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrostatigraphic characterization of coastal aquifer by geophysical log analysis, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Cape Cod National Seashore comprises part of Provincetown, Massachusetts, which lies at the northern tip of Cape Cod. The hydrologic regime in this area consists of unconsolidated sand-and-gravel deposits that constitute a highly permeable aquifer within which is a freshwater lens floating on denser sea water. A network of wells was installed into this aquifer to monitor a leachate plume emanating from the Provincetown landfill. Wells were located along orthogonal transects perpendicular to and parallel to the general groundwater flow path from the landfill to the seashore approximately 1,000 m to the southeast. Temperature, epithermal neutron, natural gamma. and electronmagnetic induction logs were obtained in five wells to depths ranging from 23 to 37 m. These logs identify the primary contamination and show that its movement is controlled by and confined within a dominant hydrostratigraphic unit about 2 to 5 m thick that exhibits low porosity, large representative grain size, and high relative permeability. A relation is also found between the temperaturegradient logs and water quality, with the gradient traces serving as effective delineators of the contaminant plume in wells nearest the landfill. Contamination is not detectable in the well nearest the seashore and farthest from the landfill, and the induction log from this well clearly identifies the freshwater/seawater transition zone at a depth of about 18 m. The geophysical logs provide fundamental information concerning the spatial distribution of aquifer properties near the landfill and lend valuable insight into how these properties influence the migration of the leachate plume to the sea.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Urish, D.W., 1995, Hydrostatigraphic characterization of coastal aquifer by geophysical log analysis, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts: Log Analyst, v. 36, no. 4, p. 27-37.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPWLA-1995-v36n4a2"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7633e4b0ee37af29e4b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urish, Daniel W.","contributorId":189936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urish","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185315,"text":"70185315 - 1995 - Bottled water, spas, and early years of water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:29:36","indexId":"70185315","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottled water, spas, and early years of water chemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although hot springs have been used and enjoyed for thousands of years, it was not until the late 1700s that they changed the course of world civilization by being the motivation for development of the science of chemistry. The pioneers of chemistry such as Priestley, Cavendish, Lavoisier, and Henry were working to identify and generate gases, in part, to determine their role in carbonated beverages. In the 18th century, spas in America were developed to follow the traditional activities of popular European spas. However, they were to become a dominant political and economic force in American history on three major points: (1) By far the most important was to provide a place for the leaders of individual colonies to meet and discuss the need for separation from England and the necessity for the Revolutionary War; (2) the westward expansion of the United States was facilitated by the presence of hot springs in many locations that provided the economic justification for railroads and settlement; and (3) the desire for the preservation of hot springs led to the establishment of the National Park Service. Although mineral springs have maintained their therapeutic credibility in many parts of the world, they have not done so in the United States. We suggest that the American decline was prompted by: (1) the establishment of The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1893; (2) enactment of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1907; and (3) the remarkable achievement of providing safe water supplies for American cities by the end of the 1920s. The current expanding market for bottled water is based in part on bottled water being an alternative beverage Ito alcohol and sweetened drinks and the inconsistent palatability and perceived health hazards of some tap waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00316.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Back, W., Landa, E.R., and Meeks, L., 1995, Bottled water, spas, and early years of water chemistry: Groundwater, v. 33, no. 4, p. 605-614, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00316.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"605","endPage":"614","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f6739d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeks, Lisa","contributorId":189547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meeks","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4986,"text":"fs15395 - 1995 - Review of sediment data in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, 1980-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T16:50:39","indexId":"fs15395","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"153-95","title":"Review of sediment data in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, 1980-92","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended-sediment transport and its relation to water quality are important issues in the South Platte River Basin. Most sediment enters the South Platte River during snowmelt runoff from March to June. The suspended sediment varies by particle size, concentration, and load. Suspended-sediment data in the South Platte River for water years 1980-92 are limited; therefore, only generalizations can be made concerning land use and its effects on suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the South Platte River. More data are needed before detailed comparisons can be made.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15395","usgsCitation":"Heiny, J.S., 1995, Review of sediment data in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, 1980-92: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 153-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15395.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0153/fs15395.pdf","text":"Report","size":"148 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 153-95"},{"id":121272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0153/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiny, Janet S.","contributorId":93468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiny","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17887,"text":"ofr95105 - 1995 - Water-resources activities, North Dakota District, fiscal year 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T15:42:08","indexId":"ofr95105","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-105","title":"Water-resources activities, North Dakota District, fiscal year 1994-95","docAbstract":"<p>The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum utilization and management of the Nation's water resources for the overall benefit of the people of the United States. This report describes water-resources activities of the Water Resources Division in North Dakota in fiscal year 1994. Information on each project includes objectives, approach, progress, plans for fiscal year 1995, and completed and planned report products.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95105","usgsCitation":"1995, Water-resources activities, North Dakota District, fiscal year 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-105, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95105.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0105/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ada7","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Martin, Cathy R.","contributorId":87951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Cathy R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730817,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6865,"text":"fs11495 - 1995 - Occurrence of the gasoline additive MTBE in shallow ground water in urban and agricultural areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T10:36:04","indexId":"fs11495","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"114-95","title":"Occurrence of the gasoline additive MTBE in shallow ground water in urban and agricultural areas","docAbstract":"<p>Methyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (MTBE) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) derived from natural gas that is added to gasoline either seasonally or year round in many parts of the United States to increase the octane level and to reduce carbon monoxide and ozone levels in the air. In 1993, production of MTBE ranked second among all organic chemicals manufactured in the United States. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tentatively classifies MTBE as a possible human carcinogen. Health complaints related to MTBE in the air were first reported in Fairbanks, Alaska in November 1992 when about 200 residents reported problems such as headaches, dizziness, eye irritation, burning of the nose and throat, disorientation, and nausea. Similar health complaints have been registered in Anchorage, Alaska; Missoula, Montana; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and New Jersey.</p><p>As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, concentrations of 60 VOCs were measured in samples from 211 shallow wells in 8 urban areas and 524 shallow wells in 20 agricultural areas. Chloroform and MTBE were the two most frequently detected VOCs. MTBE was detected in 27 percent of the urban wells and 1.3 percent of the agricultural wells. Concentrations ranged from less than the detection level of 0.2 μg/L (micrograms per liter) to as high as 23,000 μg/L. When detected, the median concentration of MTBE was 0.6 μg/L. MTBE was most frequently detected in shallow ground water in Denver, Colorado and urban areas in New England. In Denver, 79 percent of the samples from shallow urban wells had detectable concentrations of MTBE and in New England, 37 percent of the samples from urban wells had detectable concentrations. Only 3 percent of the wells sampled in urban areas had concentrations of MTBE that exceeded 20 μg/L, which is the estimated lower limit of the EPA draft drinking water health advisory level. Contaminant concentrations below the health advisory are not expected to cause any adverse effects over a lifetime of exposure. MTBE is on the EPA’s Drinking Water Priority List, which means it is a possible candidate for future regulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11495","collaboration":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Pope, D.A., and Price, C.V., 1995, Occurrence of the gasoline additive MTBE in shallow ground water in urban and agricultural areas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 114-95, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11495.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354123,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0114/fs11495.pdf","text":"Report","size":"272 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 114–95"},{"id":354122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0114/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto: dc_sd@usgs.go\" data-mce-href=\"mailto: dc_sd@usgs.go\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://sd.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"https://sd.water.usgs.gov\">Dakota Water Science Center</a>,&nbsp;South Dakota Office<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1608 Mountain View Road <br>Rapid City, SD&nbsp;57702</p>","tableOfContents":"<ol><li>What is MTBE and why is it used?<br></li><li>Why is MTBE of interest?<br></li><li>What are the sources of MTBE?<br></li><li>What are the chemical properties of MTBE and its fate in the environment?<br></li><li>Where, how frequently, and at what concentrations is MTBE found in shallow ground water?<br></li><li>Do the concentrations of MTBE in ground water pose a threat to human health?<br></li><li>What are the implications of this study?<br></li></ol>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db69219b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21504,"text":"ofr9588 - 1995 - Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr9588","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-88","title":"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database","docAbstract":"Thousand Oaks is located in Arroyo Conejo, a region spanning both southeastern Ventura County and extreme northwest Los Angeles County in southern California. It was discovered in 1542 by Spanish explorer Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo and eventually became part of the Spanish Rancho El Conejo land grant (conejo means 'rabbit' in Spanish, of which there are many in the area). It is located in the Santa Monica Mountains in the northwestern part of the greater Los Angeles area. The area is bordered by the San Fernando Valley and the city of Los Angeles to the east, Simi Hills to the north, Las Posas Hills and the Santa Rosa Valley to the northwest, Conejo Mountain (also known as Conejo Hills) and Oxnard Plain to the west, and the Santa Monica Mountains and Malibu to the southwest. \r\n\r\nThe geology of the surrounding Santa Monica Mountains is dominated by a sequence of Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks. These include the Tertiary Modelo Formation and the upper part of the Topanga Formation, other minor Tertiary rocks, and Miocene volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Conejo Formation. The basement units within the Santa Monica Mountains are a series of Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. \r\n\r\nThe volcanic rocks of the Conejo Formation underlies much of the surrounding watersheds. The younger Tertiary sedimentary Modelo and Upper Topanga Formations flank the Conejo to the north and south. On the north slope of the Santa Monica Mountains where the Arroyo Conejo and Thousand Oaks are located, the Tertiary formations are gently folded. The south flank of the Santa Monica Mountains is structurally dominated by the Malibu Coast Fault that runs along the foot of the mountains. This fault, and associated structures, creates a complex geologic setting on the south flank of the Santa Monica Mountains. The active nature of the Malibu Coast fault and associated structures accounts for the steep and rugged coastal topography. \r\n\r\nThe most widely exposed rock units in the area are the Plio-Pleistocene marine and nonmarine Pico and Saugus formations, which crop out on the southern flank of South Mountain-Oak Ridge and on the Las Posas uplands and Las Posas Hills. Locally, the Pico Formation consists of marine siltstone and silty shale with minor sandstone and pebbly sandstone. The Saugus Formation overlies and interfingers with the Pico Formation and is composed of interbedded shallow-marine to brackish water sandstone, siltstone, pebble-cobble conglomerate, and coquina beds that grade laterally and vertically into non-marine sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate. A local member of the Saugus Formation is exposed in the southeast corner of the map area. It is predominantly a volcanic breccia conglomerate that resembles the Conejo Volcanics breccia, but is believed to represent remnants of landslide debris shed from the Conejo Formation into a local trough during Saugus time. \r\n\r\nEroded from, and overlying, these bedrock formations are a series of recent alluvial units. These alluvial units include Quaternary alluvium comprised of alluvium, stream deposits, alluvial fan and floodplain deposits, beach deposits, dissected older alluvial deposits. Also present are Quaternary landslides and colluvium composed of landslide deposits and colluvium deposits. The colluvium represents relatively thick continuous deposits of soil and rock fragments that are common on the steep slopes of the coastal canyons, and generally feed the many landslides, soil slips, and debris flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9588","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Campbell, R., 1995, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-88, Report: 11 p.; ReadMe; GIS Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9588.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; ReadMe; GIS Files","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":7858,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51078,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5269,"text":"fs11695 - 1995 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Ozark Plateaus biological study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"fs11695","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"116-95","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Ozark Plateaus biological study","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs11695","usgsCitation":"Femmer, S.R., 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Ozark Plateaus biological study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 116-95, 1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11695.","productDescription":"1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mo.water.usgs.gov/fact_sheets/biology.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_116_95.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Femmer, Suzanne R. sfemmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Femmer","given":"Suzanne","email":"sfemmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44703,"text":"wri944233 - 1995 - Potential hydrologic effects of mining in the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"wri944233","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4233","title":"Potential hydrologic effects of mining in the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report provides a general assessment of effects that the current and potential mining activities during the next 5 years may have on the water resources in each of the 34 hydrographic areas in the Humboldt River Basin of northern Nevada. Nearly 40 active gold mines are operating in the basin; of these, 15 are large-scale, open-pit mines. The potential effects of mining were assessed for seven water-resource characteristics or features at various distances from the mining operations. These characteristics are ground-water levels, springs, perennial streams, shallow ground-water areas, sediment transport, agricultural irrigation, and fish and wildlife habitat. The characteristics and features were evaluated at two distances; local (within 2 miles of the operation) and areal (from 2 to 6 miles away from the operation). Additionally, ground-water levels were evaluated at the regional distances: local (with 2 miles of the operation) and areal (from 2 to 6 miles away from the operation). Additionally, ground-water levels were levels were evaluated at the regional distance (more than 6 miles away from the operation). A numerical ranking scale, ranging from a large change expected to no change expected, was developed for each characteristic and feature. For each hydrographic area in the basin, a single value was assigned for each characteristic at each distance. This value represents the greatest change expected to occur in that hydrographic area. The study results show that the greatest changes are expected in two hydro- graphic areas: Pumpernickel Valley and Kelly Creek Area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944233","usgsCitation":"Crompton, E.J., 1995, Potential hydrologic effects of mining in the Humboldt River Basin, northern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4233, 3 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; 38 x 38 cm., on sheet 97 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 ancillary sheet (ill., maps ; 97 x 112 cm.)., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944233.","productDescription":"3 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; 38 x 38 cm., on sheet 97 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 ancillary sheet (ill., maps ; 97 x 112 cm.).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82000,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4233/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82001,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4233/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.16666666666667,38.583333333333336 ], [ -119.16666666666667,43 ], [ -115.4,43 ], [ -115.4,38.583333333333336 ], [ -119.16666666666667,38.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crompton, E. James","contributorId":78771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31874,"text":"ofr9526 - 1995 - Map showing potential metal-mine drainage hazards in Colorado, based on mineral-deposit geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T14:44:20.800501","indexId":"ofr9526","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-26","title":"Map showing potential metal-mine drainage hazards in Colorado, based on mineral-deposit geology","docAbstract":"This map, compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) and the U. S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), shows potential mine-drainage hazards that may exist in Colorado metal-mining districts, as indicated by the geologic characteristics of the mineral deposits that occur in the respective districts. It was designed to demonstrate how geologic and geochemical information can be used on a regional scale to help assess the potential for mining-related and natural drainage problems in mining districts, unmined mineralized areas, and surrounding watersheds. The map also provides information on the distribution of different mineral deposit types across Colorado. A GIS (Geographic Information System) format was used to integrate geologic, geochemical, water-quality, climate, landuse, and ecological data from diverse sources. Likely mine-drainage signatures were defined for each mining district based on: (1) a review of the geologic characteristics of the mining district, including mineralogy, trace-element content, host-rock lithology, and wallrock alteration, and; (2) results of site specific studies on the geologic controls on mine-drainage composition.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr9526","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Streufert, R.K., Smith, K.S., Smith, S.M., Wallace, A.R., Toth, M.I., Nash, J.T., Robinson, R.A., Ficklin, W.H., and Lee, G.K., 1995, Map showing potential metal-mine drainage hazards in Colorado, based on mineral-deposit geology (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-26, Report: 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 44.00 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9526.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Sheet: 44.00 x 34.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-26/OFR95-26text508.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"86 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 95-26 map pamphlet"},{"id":378690,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-26/ofr95-26.pdf","text":"Map","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 95-26 map sheet"}],"scale":"750000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.06298828125,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.06298828125,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streufert, Randall K.","contributorId":45353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streufert","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, Alan R.","contributorId":6024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toth, Margo I.","contributorId":18365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robinson, Rob A.","contributorId":22391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ficklin, Walter H.","contributorId":52565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficklin","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lee, Gregory K. glee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Gregory","email":"glee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":17903,"text":"ofr95120 - 1995 - Water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas, 1886-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:14","indexId":"ofr95120","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-120","title":"Water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas, 1886-1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95120","usgsCitation":"Combs, L.J., and Roberts, D.J., 1995, Water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas, 1886-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-120, iv, 122 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95120.","productDescription":"iv, 122 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0120/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0120/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Combs, L. J. (compiler)","contributorId":9271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combs","given":"L.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Donna J.","contributorId":81922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25734,"text":"wri944041 - 1995 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri944041","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4041","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, 1990-91","docAbstract":"Water, bottom-sediment, and biota samples were collected in 1990-91 to identify water-quality problems associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area. Concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and selenium in some water samples exceeded aquatic-life criteria. Selenium was associated with irrigaton drainage from the Dolores Project, but other trace elements may be transported into the area in the irrigation water supply. Selenium concentrations exceeded the chronic aquatic-life criterion in water samples from lower McElmo Creek and Navajo Wash, which drain the Montezuma Valley, from newly irrigated areas, and from the Mancos River. The maximum selenium con- centration in water was 88 micrograms per liter from Navajo Wash. Concentrations of herbicides in water were less than concentrations harmful to aquatic life. Selenium concentrations in four bottom-sediment samples exceeded the baseline concentrations for soils in the Western United States. The largest selenium concentrations in biota were in samples from Navajo Wash, from newly irrigated areas north of the Montezuma Valley, and from the Mancos River basin. Selenium concentrations in aquatic-invertebrate samples from the newly irrigated areas exceeded a guideline for food items consumed by fish and wildlife. Selenium concen- trations in whole-body suckers were larger in the San Juan River downstream from the Dolores Project than upstream from the project at Four Corners. Selenium concentrations in fathead minnow samples from two sites were at adverse-effect levels. Mercury concentrations in warm-water game fish in reservoirs in the study area may be of concern to human health. Some concentrations of other trace elements exceeded background concentrations, but the concentrations were not toxicologically significant or the toxicologic significance is not known.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944041","usgsCitation":"Butler, D.L., Krueger, R.P., Osmundson, B.C., and Jensen, E., 1995, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4041, ix, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944041.","productDescription":"ix, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, D. L.","contributorId":36967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krueger, R. P.","contributorId":8890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmundson, B. C.","contributorId":15655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, E.G.","contributorId":19962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":6713,"text":"fs05694 - 1995 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"fs05694","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"056-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05694","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., and Finnegan, D., 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 056-94, 1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05694.","productDescription":"1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Donna N. 0000-0001-6359-2865 dnmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-2865","contributorId":512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"dnmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finnegan, Dennis P. dpfinneg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finnegan","given":"Dennis P.","email":"dpfinneg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3588,"text":"cir1122 - 1995 - Geochemical reconnaissance study of Vassar Meadow (Adams Rib) wetlands and vicinity, Eagle County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"cir1122","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1122","title":"Geochemical reconnaissance study of Vassar Meadow (Adams Rib) wetlands and vicinity, Eagle County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Wetlands are known to be efficient filters of metals dissolved in ground and surface waters. This paper presents the results of geochemical reconnaissance sampling done at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in wetlands in Vassar Meadow, Eagle County, Colorado. Ten wetlands were sampled and found to be variously enriched in chromium, molybdenum, and uranium. The uranium and chromium concentrations (and, to a lesser extent, molybdenum) represent an environmental concern should they be released as a result of anthropogenic disturbance. The metal accumulation in these wetlands documents that the wetlands have been functioning as filters that protect water quality in East Brush Creek by lowering the dissolved metal content in water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/cir1122","usgsCitation":"Owen, D.E., and Breit, G.N., 1995, Geochemical reconnaissance study of Vassar Meadow (Adams Rib) wetlands and vicinity, Eagle County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1122, iii, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1122.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25534,"text":"wri944127 - 1995 - Geohydrology, water quality, and nitrogen geochemistry in the saturated and unsaturated zones beneath various land uses, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-12T12:17:48","indexId":"wri944127","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4127","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and nitrogen geochemistry in the saturated and unsaturated zones beneath various land uses, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California, 1991-93","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and the Orange County Water District, has completed a detailed study of the Hemet groundwater basin. The quantity of ground water stored in the basin in August 1992 is estimated to be 327,000 acre-feet. Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 380 to 700 mg/L (milligrams per liter), except in small areas where the concentration exceeded 1,000 mg/L. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L nitrate (as nitrogen) in the southeastern part of the basin, in the Domenigoni Valley area, and beneath a dairy in the Diamond Valley area. </p><p>Seven sites representing selected land uses-- residential, turf grass irrigated with reclaimed water, citrus grove, irrigated farm, poultry farm, and dairy (two sites)--were selected for detailed study of nitrogen geochemistry in the unsaturated zone. For all land uses, nitrate was the dominant nitrogen species in the unsaturated zone.</p><p>Although nitrate was seasonally present in the shallow unsaturated zone beneath the residential site, it was absent at moderate depths, suggesting negligible migration of nitrate from the surface at this time. Microbial denitrification probably is occurring in the shallow unsaturated zone. High nitrate concentrations in the deep unsaturated zone (greater than 100 ft) suggest either significantly higher nitrate loading at some time in the past, or lateral movement of nitrate at depth. </p><p>Nitrate also is seasonally present in the shallow unsaturated zone beneath the reclaimed-water site, and (in contrast with the residential site), nitrate is perennially present in the deeper unsaturated zone.&nbsp;Microbial denitrification in the unsaturated zone and in the capillary fringe above the water table decreases the concentrations of nitrate in pore water to below the MCL before reaching the water table.</p><p>Pore water in the unsaturated zone beneath the citrus grove site contains very high concentrations of nitrate. Even though there are zones of microbial denitrification, nitrate seems to be migrating downward to the water table. </p><p>The presence of a shallow perched-water zone beneath the irrigated-farm site prevents the vertical movement of nitrate from the surface to the regional water table. Above the perched zone, nitrate concentrations in the unsaturated zone are variable, ranging from below the MCL to four times the MCL. Periodically, nitrate is flushed from the shallow unsaturated zone to the perched-water zone. </p><p>The unsaturated zone pore-moisture quality could not be adequately addressed because of the very dry conditions in the unsaturated zone beneath the poultry-farm site. Surficial clay deposits prevent water from percolating downward.</p><p>At the two dairy sites, nitrate loading in pore water at the surface was very high, as great as 7,000 mg/L. Microbial denitrification in the unsaturated zone causes such concentrations to decrease rapidly with depth. At a depth of 20 ft, nitrate concentration was less than 100 mg/L. In areas where the depth to water is less than 20 ft, nitrate loading to ground water can be very high, whereas in areas where depth to water is greater than 100 ft, most of the nitrate is microbially removed before reaching the water table. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and the Orange County Water District","usgsCitation":"Rees, T.F., Bright, D., Fay, R.G., Christensen, A.H., Anders, R., Baharie, B.S., and Land, M.T., 1995, Geohydrology, water quality, and nitrogen geochemistry in the saturated and unsaturated zones beneath various land uses, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California, 1991-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4127, vii, 267 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944127.","productDescription":"vii, 267 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54255,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4127/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              33.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, Terry F.","contributorId":9688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, Daniel J. djbright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djbright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fay, Ronald G.","contributorId":78808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fay","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baharie, Brian S.","contributorId":204180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baharie","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Land, Michael T. 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":173276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":31878,"text":"ofr95128 - 1995 - Surficial geologic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T18:24:53.034738","indexId":"ofr95128","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-128","title":"Surficial geologic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Surficial deposits on northern Adak Island, Alaska include a variety of volcanic, glacial, eolian, and beach sediments. These deposits are the primary water-bearing units on the island and their distri-  bution is shown on the accompanying surficial geologic map. An extensive sequence of volcanic debris-flow deposits (lahars) was identified on the eastern slope of Mount Moffett. The sedimentary characteristics of the lahar deposits indicate that they are related to volcanic eruptions of Mount Moffett and are evidence for Holocene volcanic activity at this volcano. Similar lahar deposits also are present on the southern slopes of Mount Adagdak. The surficial geologic map units described in the report are a basis for island-wide assess- ments of ground-water conditions, aquifer proper- ties, and general hydrogeologic conditions, and will be useful for determining the availability of potential construction materials.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95128","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 1995, Surficial geologic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-128, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95128.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397786,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19158.htm"},{"id":60066,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Adak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -176.824951171875,\n              51.78483389373529\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.50909423828125,\n              51.78483389373529\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.50909423828125,\n              52.02376856867204\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.824951171875,\n              52.02376856867204\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.824951171875,\n              51.78483389373529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30104,"text":"wri944079 - 1995 - Hydrogeologic setting and ground-water quality of areas tributary to Lake Tahoe in Douglas County and Carson City, Nevada, through 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri944079","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4079","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and ground-water quality of areas tributary to Lake Tahoe in Douglas County and Carson City, Nevada, through 1987","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wri944079","usgsCitation":"Thodal, C.E., 1995, Hydrogeologic setting and ground-water quality of areas tributary to Lake Tahoe in Douglas County and Carson City, Nevada, through 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4079, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944079.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thodal, C. E.","contributorId":8136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29455,"text":"wri944199 - 1995 - Water resources of the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:28:06","indexId":"wri944199","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4199","title":"Water resources of the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Grand Portage Indian Reservation Tribal Council needs information about the availability and quality of the ground water in the Reservation to develop, protect, and manage this resource for future use. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Grand Portage Indian Reservation Tribal Council, did a three-year study of the ground water in the Reservation to provide this needed information. This report presents the results of that study.</p>\n<p>Presently, ground water from bedrock is the principal source of supply for municipal, commercial, and residential water use. The bedrock aquifers are the (1) North Shore Volcanic Group basalt, (2) Keweenawan Volcanic and intrusive rocks, which are gabbro and diabase, and (3) Rove Formation argillite, slate, and graywacke. Sand and gravel aquifers are a small source of ground water.</p>\n<p>The storage coefficient of the bedrock aquifers was estimated to be 1 x 10<sup>-4</sup>, which is a small value typical of confined, fractured rock aquifers. The median estimate of transmissivity determined from data for 17 wells completed in bedrock was 20 feet squared per day; the range was from 3 to 500 feet squared per day. Reported yield of 19 wells completed in bedrock had a range of 1 to 100 gallons per minute and a median of 7 gallons per minute. The median yield of 11 wells completed in the North Shore Volcanic Group was 16 gallons per minute; the median yield of 8 wells completed in the Keweenawan Volcanic and intrusive rocks and Rove Formation was 4 gallons per minute.</p>\n<p>Geophysical logs and televiewer images of two wells completed in bedrock indicated the boreholes penetrated many fractures. Hydrofracturing of the two wells increased their yield from about 0.05 and 0.25 gallons per minute to about 1.5 and 1.2 gallons per minute, respectively. Although the estimated yield from the two wells was increased by 30 and by nearly 5 times after hydrofracturing, the well yield after hydrofracturing was still small.</p>\n<p>Water types determined from analyses of water from nine wells completed in bedrock were sodium-chloride, calcium-chloride, sodium-bicarbonate, and calcium-bicarbonate. Water from three wells had concentrations of dissolved solids (800 to 3,110 milligrams per liter) and dissolved chloride (410 to 1,600 milligrams per liter) that were higher than their respective Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels of 500 and 250 milligrams per liter established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water from two wells had concentrations of dissolved iron (1,600 and 1,300 micrograms per liter) that were higher than the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 300 micrograms per liter. Water from an observation well located about 200 feet downgradient from an abandoned landfill and screened from 79 to 84 feet below land surface in a gravel aquifer had a trace amount of toluene (0.2 micrograms per liter). The presence of toluene suggested possible contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand Portage Indian Reservation Tribal Council","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1995, Water resources of the Grand Portage Indian Reservation, northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4199, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944199.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21395,"text":"ofr94547 - 1995 - Analytical results from an environmental investigation of six sites on Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr94547","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-547","title":"Analytical results from an environmental investigation of six sites on Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1993-94","docAbstract":"The six sites investigated include silver recovery units; a buried caustic drain line; a neutralization pit; an evaporation/infiltration pond; the Manzano fire training area; and a waste oil underground storage tank. Environmental samples of soil, pond sediment, soil gas, and water and gas in floor drains were collected and analyzed. Field quality-control samples were also collected and analyzed in association with the environmental samples. The six sites were investigated because past or current activities could have resulted in contamination of soil, pond sediment, or water and sediment in drains.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, [New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-file Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94547","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, R., 1995, Analytical results from an environmental investigation of six sites on Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-547, iv, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94547.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0547/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0547/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Ralph","contributorId":9679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29188,"text":"wri944077 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T21:36:00.154359","indexId":"wri944077","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4077","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989","docAbstract":"The 15,300-square-mile lower Kansas River Basin in Kansas and Nebraska was investigated, as one of the pilot study units of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, to address a variety of water-quality issues. This report describes sanitary quality of streams as defined by concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and densities of a fecal-indicator bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli).  Sixty-one surface-water sampling sites were chosen for this investigation. Synoptic surveys were conducted in July 1988, November 1988, March 1989, and May 1989 to define the concentrations and diel and seasonal variability in concentrations of DO. Synoptic surveys were conducted in July 1988 and July 1989 to define densities of E. coli. Ancillary data included measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature. barometric pressure, and concentrations of nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll, and suspended sediment. Surveys were conducted during stable-flow, dry-weather conditions.  During the July 1988 synoptic survey for DO, emphasis was placed on the measurement of DO under maximum stress (high water temperature, low streamflow, and predawn conditions). Of 31 sites sampled just before dawn, 5 had DO concentrations less than the 5.0-milligrams-perliter, l-day minimum warmwater criterion for early life stages as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and 4 of these 5 sites had concentrations less than the 3.0-milligrams-per-liter criterion for all other life stages. For all four synoptic surveys, a total of 392 DO determinations were made, and 9 (2.3 percent) were less than water-quality criteria. Concentrations of DO less than water-quality criteria in the study unit are localized occurrences and do not reflect regional differences in DO. The most severe DO deficiencies are the result of discharges from wastewater-treatment plants into small tributary streams with inadequate assimilation capacity. Algal respiratory demand in combination with reduced physical reaeration associated with extreme low flow probably also contributes to temporary, localized deficiencies.  Densities of E. coli were determined at 57 surface-water sampling sites during the syn- optic survey in July 1988. Results indicate large regional differences in E. coli densities within the study unit. Densities orE. coli in water at 19 sites in the Big Blue River subbasin, exclusive of the Little Blue River subbasin, ranged from 120 to 260,000 col/100 mL (colonies per 100 milliliters), with a median density of 2,400 col/100 mL. Densities at the 11 sites in the Little Blue River ranged from 100 to 30,000 col/100 mL, with a median density of 940 col/100 mL. Densities at the 27 sites in the Kansas River subbasin ranged from less than 1 to 1,000 col/100 mL, with a median density of 88 col/100 mL. Densities at 84 percent of the sites in the Big Blue River subbasin exceeded the USEPA E. coli criterion of 576 col/100 mL for infrequently used full-body contact recreation, and 53 percent exceeded the 2,000 cot/I00 mL fecal coliform criterion for uses other than full-body contact established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Densities at 73 percent of the sites in the Little Blue River subbasin exceeded the 576 col/100 mL E. coli criterion, and 36 percent exceeded the 2,000 col/100 mL fecal coliform criterion. Densities at one of the sites in the Kansas River subbasin exceeded the 576 col/100 mL E. coli criterion, and none exceeded the 2,000 col/100 mL fecal-coliform criterion.  The largest densities of E. coli in the study unit were the result of discharges from municipal wastewater-treatment plants; however, densities in the Big Blue and Little Blue River subbasins were generally larger than those in the Kansas River subbasin. These larger densities in the Big Blue and Little Blue River subbasins may have been the result of irrigation return flow from fields where manure was used as a soil","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944077","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., 1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4077, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944077.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58054,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47973.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99,\n              38.650\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5597,\n              38.650\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5597,\n              41.2583\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              41.2583\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              38.650\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6902,"text":"fs11595 - 1995 - Water Budget and Salinity of Walker Lake, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:58","indexId":"fs11595","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"115-95","title":"Water Budget and Salinity of Walker Lake, western Nevada","docAbstract":"Walker Lake is one of the rare perennial, terminal lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States. The lake is the terminus for all surface- water and ground-water flow in the Walker River Basin Hydrographic Region that is not consumed by evaporation, sublimation, or transpiration. The concentration of dissolved solids (salts) in the lake-surface altitude depend primarily on the amounts of water entering and evaporation from the lake. Because Walker Lake is a terminal sink--it has no documented surface- or ground-water outflow--dissolved solids that enter it accumulate as the lake water evaporates. Declining lake levels, owing to natural and anthropogenic processes, have resulted in most Great Basin terminal lakes being too saline to support fish. In Nevada, the only terminal lakes that contain fish are Pyramid Lake, Ruby Lake, and Walker Lake. Dissolved-solids concentration in Walker Lake increased from about 2,500 milligrams per liter in 1882 to 13,300 milli- grams per liter in July 1994 (U.S. Geological Survey analysis), as the lake-surface altitude declined from about 4,080 to 3,944 feet above sea level. This dramatic increase in dissolved-solids concentration threatens the Walker Lake ecosystem and the fish that depend on this ecosystem.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs11595","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., 1995, Water Budget and Salinity of Walker Lake, western Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 115-95, [4] p. : co. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. co. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11595.","productDescription":"[4] p. : co. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. co. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wid/FS_115-95/FS_115-95.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_115_95.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":97880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17868,"text":"ofr94538 - 1995 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T20:30:31.405595","indexId":"ofr94538","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-538","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri, 1993-94","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94538","usgsCitation":"Headrick, F.D., and Jenkins-Bartle, K.L., 1995, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-538, ix, 101 p., 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,{"id":70185709,"text":"70185709 - 1995 - Virus and bacteria transport in a sandy aquifer, Cape Cod, MA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:06:43","indexId":"70185709","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virus and bacteria transport in a sandy aquifer, Cape Cod, MA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Transport of the bacteriophage PRD-1, bacteria, and latex microspheres was studied in a sandy aquifer under natural-gradient conditions. The field injection was carried out at the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology research site on Cape Cod. The three colloids and a salt tracer (Br</span><sup>−</sup><span>) moved along the same path. There was significant attenuation of the phage, with PRD-1 peak concentrations less than 0.001 percent of Br</span><sup>−</sup><span> peaks 6 m from the source; but the low detection limit (one per ml) enabled tracking movement of the PRD-1 plume for 12 m downgradient over the 25-day experiment. Attenuation of phage was apparently due to retention on soil particles (adsorption). Attenuation of bacteria and microspheres was less, with peak concentrations 6 m from the source on the order of 10 and 0.4 percent of Br</span><sup>−</sup><span>, respectively. Injection of a high-pH pulse of water 20 days into the experiment resulted in significant remobilization of retained phage, demonstrating that attached phage remained viable, and that PRD-1 attachment to and detachment from the sandy soil particles was highly pH dependent. Phage behavior in this experiment, i.e. attenuation at pH 5.7 and rapid resuspension at pH 6–8, was consistent with that observed previously in laboratory column studies. Results illustrate that biocolloids travel in a fairly narrow plume in sandy (relatively homogeneous) media, with virus concentrations dropping below detection limit several meters away from the source; bacteria concentrations above detection limits can persist over longer distances.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00321.x","usgsCitation":"Bales, R.C., Li, S., Maguire, K.M., Yahya, M.T., Gerba, C.P., and Harvey, R.W., 1995, Virus and bacteria transport in a sandy aquifer, Cape Cod, MA: Groundwater, v. 33, no. 4, p. 653-661, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00321.x.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"653","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7633e4b0ee37af29e4ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Roger C.","contributorId":189659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bales","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Shimin","contributorId":189923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shimin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maguire, Kimberly M.","contributorId":189924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguire","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yahya, Moyasar T.","contributorId":189925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yahya","given":"Moyasar","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerba, Charles P.","contributorId":189661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerba","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185377,"text":"70185377 - 1995 - Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:49:09","indexId":"70185377","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of experiments was conducted on two contrasting agricultural soils to observe the influence of soil texture, preferential flow, and plants on nitrate transport and denitrification under unsaturated conditions. Calcium nitrate fertilizer was applied to the surface of four large undisturbed soil cores (30 cm diameter by 40 cm height). Two of the cores were a structured clay obtained from central Missouri and two were an unstructured fine sand obtained from central Florida. The cores were irrigated daily and maintained at a matric potential of -20 kPa, representative of soil tension in the rooting zone of irrigated agricultural fields. Volumetric water content (θ), concentration of nitrate-N in the soil solution, and nitrous oxide flux at the surface, 10, 20, and 30 cm were monitored daily. Leaching loss of surface-applied N0</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> -N was significant in both the sand and the clay. In unplanted sand cores, almost all of the applied nitrate was leached below 30 cm within 10 days. Gaseous N loss owing to denitrification was no greater than 2% of the nitrate-N applied to the unplanted sand cores and, in general, was less than 1 %. Although leaching was somewhat retarded in the clay cores, about 60% of the applied nitrate-N was leached from the unplanted clay soil in 5–6 weeks. Under unsaturated conditions, the clay had little to no tendency to denitrify despite the greater moisture content of the clay and retarded leaching of nitrate in the clay. The planted sand cores had surprisingly large gaseous N loss owing to denitrification, as much as 17% of the nitrate-N. Results from both the clay and sand experiments show that the dynamics of nitrate transport and transformation in unsaturated soils are affected by small, localized variations in the soil moisture content profile, the gaseous diffusion coefficient of the soil, the rate at which the nitrate pulse passes through the soil, the solubility of N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and N</span><sub>2</sub><span> and the diffusion of the gasses through the soil solution, and development of a water content profile in the soil. Limited dentrification in the clay soil was due to a limited volume of soil available for infiltration after internal catchment and the development of denitrifying conditions resulting from the presence of an extensive macropore system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., Petrusak, R.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1995, Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media: Journal of Hydrology, v. 169, no. 1-4, p. 51-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrusak, Robin L.","contributorId":189608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrusak","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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