Mid-sized mammals (i.e., mesomammals) fulfill important ecological roles, serving as essential scavengers, predators, pollinators, and seed dispersers in the ecosystems they inhabit. Consequently, declines in mesomammal populations have the potential to alter ecological processes and fundamentally change ecosystems. However, ecosystems characterized by high functional redundancy, where multiple species can fulfil similar ecological roles, may be less impacted by the loss of mesomammals and other vertebrates. The Greater Everglades Ecosystem in southern Florida is a historically biodiverse region that has recently been impacted by multiple anthropogenic threats, most notably the introduction of the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). Since pythons became established, mesomammal populations have become greatly reduced. To assess whether these declines in mesomammals have affected two critical ecosystem functions—scavenging and frugivory—we conducted experiments in areas where mesomammals were present and absent. We did not observe significant differences in scavenging or frugivory efficiency in areas with and without mesomammals, but we did observe significant differences in the communities responsible for scavenging and frugivory. Despite the observed evidence of redundancy, the changes in community composition could potentially lead to indirect consequences on processes like seed dispersal and disease dynamics within this ecosystem, emphasizing the need for further study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-66534-8","usgsCitation":"McKee, R.K., Taillie, P.J., Hart, K., Lopez, C.L., Sanjar, A., and McCleery, R.A., 2024, Ecological function maintained despite mesomammal declines: Scientific Reports, v. 14, 19668, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66534-8.","productDescription":"19668, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147236","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66534-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.11633743096398,\n 26.909667893106402\n ],\n [\n -82.11633743096398,\n 25.129105524826187\n ],\n [\n -79.91364452173318,\n 25.129105524826187\n ],\n [\n -79.91364452173318,\n 26.909667893106402\n ],\n [\n -82.11633743096398,\n 26.909667893106402\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Rebecca K.","contributorId":341474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKee","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taillie, Paul J.","contributorId":203647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taillie","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Kristen 0000-0002-5257-7974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":220333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopez, Christopher L.","contributorId":343897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanjar, Adam","contributorId":343898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanjar","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82250,"text":"University of Florida, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCleery, Robert A.","contributorId":139849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCleery","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70257794,"text":"70257794 - 2024 - Subduction zone geometry modulates the megathrust earthquake cycle: Magnitude, recurrence, and variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-27T13:50:35.987787","indexId":"70257794","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-24T08:47:56","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subduction zone geometry modulates the megathrust earthquake cycle: Magnitude, recurrence, and variability","docAbstract":"Megathrust geometric properties exhibit some of the strongest correlations with maximum earthquake magnitude in global surveys of large subduction zone earthquakes, but the mechanisms through which fault geometry influences subduction earthquake cycle dynamics remain unresolved. Here, we develop 39 models of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) on variably-dipping planar and variably-curved nonplanar megathrusts using the volumetric, high-order accurate code tandem to account for fault curvature. We vary the dip, downdip curvature and width of the seismogenic zone to examine how slab geometry mechanically influences megathrust seismic cycles, including the size, variability, and interevent timing of earthquakes. Dip and curvature control characteristic slip styles primarily through their influence on seismogenic zone width: wider seismogenic zones allow shallowly-dipping megathrusts to host larger earthquakes than steeply-dipping ones. Under elevated pore pressure and less strongly velocity-weakening friction, all modeled fault geometries host uniform periodic ruptures. In contrast, shallowly-dipping and sharply-curved megathrusts host multi-period supercycles of slow-to-fast, small-to-large slip events under higher effective stresses and more strongly velocity-weakening friction. We discuss how subduction zones' maximum earthquake magnitudes may be primarily controlled by the dip and dimensions of the seismogenic zone, while second-order effects from structurally-derived mechanical heterogeneity modulate the recurrence frequency and timing of these events. Our results suggest that enhanced co- and interseismic strength and stress variability along the megathrust, such as induced near areas of high or heterogeneous fault curvature, limits how frequently large ruptures occur and may explain curved faults' tendency to host more frequent, smaller earthquakes than flat faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JB029191","usgsCitation":"Biemiller, J.B., Gabriel, A., May, D., and Staisch, L.M., 2024, Subduction zone geometry modulates the megathrust earthquake cycle: Magnitude, recurrence, and variability: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 129, no. 8, e2024JB029191, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029191.","productDescription":"e2024JB029191, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156936","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biemiller, James Burkhardt 0000-0001-6663-7811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6663-7811","contributorId":343684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biemiller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Burkhardt","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gabriel, Alice-Agnes","contributorId":204611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gabriel","given":"Alice-Agnes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36958,"text":"LMU Munich, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Dave","contributorId":343685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"May","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39679,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staisch, Lydia M. 0000-0002-1414-5994 lstaisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-5994","contributorId":167068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staisch","given":"Lydia","email":"lstaisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70257801,"text":"70257801 - 2024 - Leveraging local habitat suitability models to enhance restoration benefits for species of conservation concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T15:57:55.679077","indexId":"70257801","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-24T06:47:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leveraging local habitat suitability models to enhance restoration benefits for species of conservation concern","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore habitats and conserve wildlife species face many challenges that are exacerbated by limited funding and resources. Habitat restoration actions are often conducted across a range of habitat conditions, with limited information available to predict potential outcomes among local sites and identify those that may lead to the greatest returns on investment. Using the Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) as a case study, we leveraged existing resource selection function models to identify areas of high restoration potential across landscapes with variable habitat conditions and habitat-use responses. We also tested how this information could be used to improve restoration planning. We simulated change in model covariates across crucial habitats for a suite of restoration actions to generate heatmaps of relative habitat suitability improvement potential, then assessed the degree to which use of these heatmaps to guide placement of restoration actions could improve suitability outcomes. We also simulated new or worsening plant invasions and projected the resulting loss or degradation of habitats across space. We found substantial spatial variation in projected changes to habitat suitability and new habitat created, both across and among crucial habitats. Use of our heatmaps to target placement of restoration actions improved habitat suitability nearly fourfold and increased new habitat created more than 15-fold, compared to placements unguided by heatmaps. Our decision-support products identified areas of high restoration potential across landscapes with variable habitat conditions and habitat-use responses. We demonstrate their utility for strategic targeting of habitat restoration actions, facilitating optimal allocation of limited management resources to benefit species of conservation concern.
The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of abundance, breeding activity, demography, and habitat use of endangered Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP or “Base”). Surveys for the Least Bell's Vireo were completed at MCBCP, California, between April 4 and July 12, 2022. Core survey areas and a subset of non-core areas in drainages containing riparian habitat suitable for vireos were surveyed two to four times. We detected 571 territorial male vireos and 14 transient vireos in core survey areas. An additional 90 territorial male vireos and 2 transients were detected in non-core survey areas. Transient vireos were detected on 7 of the 11 drainages/sites surveyed (core and non-core areas). Of the vireo territories in core areas, 90 percent were on the four most populated drainages, with the Santa Margarita River containing 73 percent of all territories in areas surveyed on Base. In core areas, 81 percent of male vireos were confirmed as paired; 61 percent of male vireos in non-core areas were confirmed as paired.
The number of documented Least Bell’s Vireo territories in core survey areas on MCBCP increased 4 percent from 2021 to 2022. In three core survey area drainages, the number of territories increased by at least two, and in five core survey area drainages, the number of vireo territories decreased by at least two between 2021 and 2022. The increase in the number of vireo territories on MCBCP was consistent with population changes at the lower San Luis Rey River (7-percent increase), but not with Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton (10-percent decrease).
A wildfire in July 2021 burned approximately 22 hectares of vireo habitat on the Santa Margarita River. There was no difference in the number of vireo territories within the fire perimeter before the fire (three territories in 2021) and after the fire (three territories in 2022).
Most core-area vireos (52 percent, including transients) used mixed willow (Salix spp.) riparian habitat. An additional 8 percent of birds occupied willow habitat co-dominated by Western sycamores (Platanus racemosa) or Fremont cottonwoods (Populus fremontii). Riparian scrub composed of mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia), sandbar willow (S. exigua), or blue elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) was used at 37 percent of vireo territories. Upland scrub was used by 2 percent of the vireos, and 1 percent of vireo territories were in drier habitats co-dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and sycamore.
In 2019, MCBCP began operating an artificial seep along the Santa Margarita River; then, in 2021, two additional artificial seeps became operational. The artificial seeps pumped water to the surface starting in March and ending in August each year during daylight hours and were designed to increase the amount of surface water to enhance Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) breeding habitat. Although this enhancement was designed to benefit flycatchers, few flycatchers have inhabited the seep areas within the past several years; therefore, vireos were selected as a surrogate species to determine effects of the habitat enhancement. This report presents the third year of analyses of vireo and vegetation response to the artificial seeps.
We sampled vegetation in two Seep sites and two Reference sites to determine the effects of surface water enhancement by seep pumps installed along the Santa Margarita River. Total vegetation cover below 2 meters (m) was greater at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Conversely, there was more non-native vegetation cover above 2 m (from 2 to 4 m) at Reference sites than at Seep sites. Soil moisture was greater at Seep sites than at Reference sites and decreased with increasing distance from the seep outlets. Soil moisture was positively correlated with total foliage cover and woody cover at most height categories. Soil moisture was not correlated with total herbaceous cover at any height category, although it was positively correlated with native herbaceous cover from 1 to 2 m and negatively correlated with non-native cover from 2 to 4 m. The number of vireo fledglings produced per egg was positively correlated with woody cover from 0 to 2 m but negatively correlated with herbaceous cover from 0 to 2 m. The number of fledglings produced per pair was negatively correlated with herbaceous and non-native vegetation cover below 2 m.
The U.S. Geological Survey has been color banding Least Bell’s Vireos on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton since 1995. By the end of 2021, 978 Least Bell’s Vireos had been color banded on Base. In 2022, we continued to color band and resight color banded Least Bell’s Vireos to evaluate adult site fidelity, between-year movement, and the effect of surface-water enhancement on vireo site fidelity and between-year movement. We banded 135 Least Bell's Vireos for the first time during the 2022 season. Birds banded included 4 adult vireos and 131 juveniles. All adult vireos were banded with unique color combinations. The juvenile vireos (all nestlings) were banded with a single gold numbered federal band on the left leg.
There were 43 Least Bell's Vireos banded before the 2022 breeding season that were resighted and identified on Base in 2022. Of these vireos, 39 were banded on Base, 3 were originally banded on the San Luis Rey River, and 1 was banded at Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton. Adult birds of known age ranged from 1 to at least 7 years old.
Base-wide survival of vireos was affected by sex, age, and year. Males had a significantly higher survival rate than females. Adults had a higher survival rate than first-year vireos. Survival for adults and first-year birds was lowest from 2020 to 2021 and highest from 2012 to 2013. The return rate of adult vireos to Seep or Reference sites was not affected by whether they were originally banded at a Seep versus Reference site.
Most of the returning adult vireos showed strong between-year site fidelity. Of the adults detected in 2021 and 2022, 89 percent (92 percent of males; 67 percent of females) returned to within 100 m of their previous territory. The average between-year movement for returning adult vireos was 0.1±0.2 kilometers (km). The average movement of first-year vireos detected in 2022 that fledged from a known nest on MCBCP in 2021 was 1.6±1.8 km.
Vireo territory density at the Seep and Reference sites was similar before the seep pumps were installed. Although vireo territory density at Seep sites appeared greater than at Reference sites after the seep pumps were installed, the difference was not significant.
We monitored Least Bell’s Vireo pairs to evaluate the effects of surface-water enhancement on nest success and breeding productivity. We monitored vireo nesting activity at 25 territories in 2 Seep sites and 25 territories in 2 Reference sites between March 31 and July 28. All territories except one were occupied by pairs, and all were “fully monitored,” meaning all nesting attempts were monitored at these territories. During the monitoring period, 97 nests (49 in Seep sites and 48 in Reference sites) were monitored.
Breeding productivity was similar at the Seep and Reference sites (2.7 and 3.3 young fledged per pair, respectively), although more pairs at Reference sites than Seep sites fledged at least one young (96 versus 76 percent, respectively). There were no other differences in breeding productivity between Seep site pairs and Reference site pairs. According to the best model, daily nest survival in 2022 was not related to whether the territory was in a Seep versus a Reference site. Completed nests at the Seep sites had similar fledging success as nests at Reference sites in 2022. At Seep sites, 56 percent of nests fledged young whereas 67 percent of Reference nests successfully fledged young. Predation was believed to be the primary source of nest failure at both sites. Predation accounted for 80 percent and 73 percent of nest failures at Seep and Reference sites, respectively. Failure of the remaining nests was attributed to infertile eggs and other unknown causes.
Vireos placed their nests in 12 plant species in 2022. We detected no differences in nest placement between successful and unsuccessful vireo nests or between Seep and Reference sites.
Precipitation appeared to play a role in fluctuations in the vireo population on MCBCP; however, it could not be directly linked to annual vireo breeding productivity. One possible factor that may be confounding the relationship between vireo breeding productivity and precipitation may be nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in the region, especially on the nearby San Luis Rey River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., Treadwell, M., and Kus, B.E., 2024, Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Least Bell's Vireo at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2022 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1006, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241006.","productDescription":"x, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147619","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433041,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241006/full"},{"id":433040,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/images"},{"id":433039,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/ofr20241006.xml"},{"id":433038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/ofr20241006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB"},{"id":433037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1006/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.00752092448062,\n 33.74785275971904\n ],\n [\n -118.00752092448062,\n 33.11976647292282\n ],\n [\n -116.85834882258109,\n 33.11976647292282\n ],\n [\n -116.85834882258109,\n 33.74785275971904\n ],\n [\n -118.00752092448062,\n 33.74785275971904\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
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Plant cover values in vegetation plot data are bounded between 0 and 1, and cover is typically recorded in discrete classes with non-equal intervals. Consequently, cover data are skewed and heteroskedastic, which hampers the application of conventional regression methods. Recently developed ordinal beta regression models consider these statistical difficulties. Our primary question is whether we can detect species trends in vegetation plot time series data with this modelling approach. A second question is whether trends in cover have additional value compared to trends in occurrence, which are easier to assess for practitioners.
The Netherlands, Western Europe.
We used vegetation plot data collected from 10,000 fixed plots which were surveyed once every four years during 1999–2022. We used the ordinal zero-augmented beta regression (OZAB) model, a hierarchical model consisting of a logistic regression for presence and an ordinal beta regression for cover. We adapted the OZAB model for longitudinal data and produced estimates of cover and occurrence for each four-year period. Thereafter we assessed trends in cover and in occurrence across all periods.
We found evidence of a trend in cover in 318 out of the 721 species (44%) with sufficient data. Most species showed similar directional trends in occurrence and percent cover. No trend in occurrence was detected for 64 species that had evidence of a trend in cover. Declining species had stronger relative changes in cover than in occurrence.
Our model enables researchers to detect trends in cover using longitudinal vegetation plot data. Cover trends often corroborated trends in occurrence, but we also regularly found trends in cover even in the absence of evidence for trends in occurrence. Our approach thus contributes to a more complete picture of (changes in) vegetation composition based on large monitoring data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13295","usgsCitation":"van Strien, A., Irvine, K., and Retel, C., 2024, Trends in plant cover derived from vegetation plot data using ordinal zero-augmented beta regression: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 35, no. 4, e13295, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13295.","productDescription":"e13295, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156504","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Netherlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 3.104622082077441,\n 51.56124200693006\n ],\n [\n 3.4349861187013175,\n 51.25787100973227\n ],\n [\n 3.8571179432763927,\n 51.21190422488573\n ],\n [\n 4.288426546646235,\n 51.36112842072012\n ],\n [\n 4.389371113392144,\n 51.36112842072012\n ],\n [\n 4.7747958227873255,\n 51.46415357027314\n ],\n [\n 5.059275965435631,\n 51.446998833246\n ],\n [\n 5.215281204952788,\n 51.2923159651817\n ],\n [\n 5.51811490519151,\n 51.28083718268144\n ],\n [\n 5.775064711454661,\n 51.16013668783256\n ],\n [\n 5.674120144707871,\n 50.84830939560217\n ],\n [\n 5.747534375068625,\n 50.778729633794114\n ],\n [\n 6.1146055268733335,\n 50.77292664103024\n ],\n [\n 6.05954485410291,\n 50.93513837713709\n ],\n [\n 5.894362835790986,\n 50.992934460491995\n ],\n [\n 5.90353961458581,\n 51.06219487139654\n ],\n [\n 6.169666199643643,\n 51.17164560996849\n ],\n [\n 6.1146055268733335,\n 51.22914715100595\n ],\n [\n 6.197196536029708,\n 51.43555876010598\n ],\n [\n 6.096251969282918,\n 51.669507847947216\n ],\n [\n 5.958600287356177,\n 51.78886977227111\n ],\n [\n 6.151312642054137,\n 51.879600723397715\n ],\n [\n 6.3990856695215825,\n 51.85126693759756\n ],\n [\n 6.821217494096743,\n 51.9644950265338\n ],\n [\n 6.738626484941193,\n 52.05487205707274\n ],\n [\n 7.05981374276945,\n 52.274401960865504\n ],\n [\n 6.986399512408639,\n 52.459312885357974\n ],\n [\n 6.701919369760333,\n 52.481673755016715\n ],\n [\n 6.756980042530671,\n 52.63231261791026\n ],\n [\n 7.050636963974682,\n 52.643450482948595\n ],\n [\n 7.206642203491782,\n 53.025972464426985\n ],\n [\n 7.179111867106656,\n 53.317509748322465\n ],\n [\n 6.867101388072314,\n 53.4488756479484\n ],\n [\n 6.3899088907268435,\n 53.65060475034829\n ],\n [\n 5.105159859411231,\n 53.465267895494804\n ],\n [\n 4.49031568013902,\n 52.82681609388678\n ],\n [\n 4.26089621026108,\n 52.257553484418736\n ],\n [\n 3.104622082077441,\n 51.56124200693006\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Strien, Arco","contributorId":349035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Strien","given":"Arco","affiliations":[{"id":27734,"text":"Statistics Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":220632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Retel, Cas","contributorId":349036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Retel","given":"Cas","affiliations":[{"id":83417,"text":"Statistics Netherland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70257667,"text":"ofr20231096 - 2024 - Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Least Bell's Vireo at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2021 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-26T10:53:04.660649","indexId":"ofr20231096","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-23T10:32:26","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1096","displayTitle":"Distribution, Abundance, and Breeding Activities of the Least Bell's Vireo at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2021 Annual Report","title":"Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Least Bell's Vireo at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2021 annual report","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of abundance, breeding activity, demography, and habitat use of endangered Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP or “Base”). Surveys for the Least Bell's Vireo were completed at MCBCP, California, between April 5 and July 13, 2021. Core survey areas and a subset of non-core areas in drainages containing riparian habitat suitable for vireos were surveyed three to four times. We detected 551 territorial male vireos and 26 transient vireos in core survey areas. An additional 98 territorial male vireos were detected in non-core survey areas. Transient vireos were detected on 8 of the 10 drainages/sites surveyed (core and non-core areas). Of the vireo territories in core areas, 89 percent were on the four most populated drainages, with the Santa Margarita River containing 70 percent of all territories in areas surveyed on Base. In core areas, 75 percent of male vireos were confirmed as paired; 76 percent of male vireos in non-core areas were confirmed as paired.
The number of documented Least Bell’s Vireo territories in core survey areas on MCBCP decreased 18 percent from 2020 to 2021. The number of territories in all but two core survey area drainages decreased by one or more between 2020 and 2021. The decrease in vireo numbers on MCBCP (18 percent) was consistent with population changes in surrounding areas, including the lower San Luis Rey River (24-percent decrease) and the middle San Luis Rey River (6-percent decrease).
Most core-area vireo territories (59 percent of males) were in willow (Salix spp.) riparian habitat. An additional 7 percent of birds occupied willow habitat co-dominated by Western sycamores (Platanus racemosa) or Fremont cottonwoods (Populus fremontii). Of all the territories surveyed, 25 percent were in riparian scrub dominated by mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia) or sandbar willow (S. exigua). Upland scrub was used by 8 percent of vireos; 1 percent of vireo territories were in non-native vegetation, and less than 1 percent of vireo territories were in alder or drier habitats co-dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and sycamore.
In 2019, MCBCP began operating an artificial seep along the Santa Margarita River; then, in 2021, two additional artificial seeps became operational. The artificial seeps pumped water to the surface starting in March and ending in August each year during daylight hours and were designed to increase the amount of surface water present to enhance Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) breeding habitat. Although this enhancement was designed to benefit flycatchers, few flycatchers have inhabited the seep areas within the past several years; therefore, vireos were selected as a surrogate species to determine effects of the habitat enhancement. This report presents the second year of analyses of vireo and vegetation response to the artificial seeps.
We sampled vegetation in two Seep sites and two Reference sites to determine the effects of a new water diversion dam that was completed in 2019 and two seep pumps that were installed to enhance surface water along the Santa Margarita River in 2019 and 2021. We measured higher total vegetation cover below 2 meters (m) at Seep sites than at Reference sites and lower total vegetation cover above 5 m at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Native herbaceous cover was also higher below 4 m at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Woody cover was lower above 5 m at Seep sites than at Reference sites. Soil moisture did not differ between Seep and Reference sites.
The U.S. Geological Survey has been color banding Least Bell’s Vireos on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton since 1995. In 2021, we continued to color band and resight color banded Least Bell’s Vireos to evaluate adult site fidelity, between-year movement, and the effect of surface-water enhancement on vireo site fidelity and between-year movement. We banded 164 Least Bell's Vireos for the first time during the 2021 season. Birds banded included 3 adult vireos and 161 juvenile vireos. All adult vireos were banded with unique color combinations. The juvenile vireos (all nestlings) were banded with a single gold numbered federal band on the right leg.
There were 52 Least Bell's Vireos banded before the 2021 breeding season that were resighted and identified on Base in 2021. Of these vireos, 45 were banded on Base, 6 were originally banded on the San Luis Rey River, and 1 was banded at Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton. Adult birds of known age ranged from 1 to at least 7 years old.
Base-wide survival of vireos was affected by sex, age, and year. Males had a slightly but significantly higher survival rate than females. Adults had a higher survival rate than first-year vireos. Survival of both adults and first-year birds was high from 2007 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2013 and low from 2020 to 2021. The return rate of adult vireos to Seep or Reference sites ranged from 45 to 57 percent.
Most returning adult vireos showed strong between-year site fidelity. Of the adults present in 2020 and 2021, 84 percent (94 percent of males; no females) returned to within 100 m of their previous territory. The average between-year movement for returning adult vireos was 0.1±0.2 kilometer (km). The average movement of first-year vireos detected in 2021 that fledged from a known nest on MCBCP in 2020 was 1.1±0.7 km.
We monitored Least Bell's Vireo pairs to evaluate the effects of surface-water enhancement on nest success and breeding productivity. Vireos were monitored at two Seep sites and two Reference sites. Early in 2021, a seep was installed in a 2020 Reference site, which changed the status of this monitoring site from Reference to Seep.
Nesting activity was monitored between April 5 and July 22 in 50 territories within the Seep and Reference sites (25 at Seep sites and 25 at Reference sites). All territories, except one, were occupied by pairs and all were fully monitored, meaning all nesting attempts were monitored at these territories. During the monitoring period, 97 nests (42 in Seep sites and 55 in Reference sites) were monitored.
Breeding productivity was similar at the Seep site and Reference sites (3.6 and 3.4 young per pair, respectively), with 84 percent of Seep pairs and 88 percent of Reference pairs successfully fledging at least one young in 2021. Seep sites had a higher proportion of all eggs that hatched and also a higher proportion of nests with eggs that hatched than Reference sites. Seep sites and References sites had similar proportions of hatchlings that fledged and nests with hatchlings that fledged. According to the best model, daily nest survival in 2021 was higher in Seep sites than in Reference sites. Completed nests at the Seep site were more likely to be successful than nests at Reference sites in 2021. At Seep sites, 75 percent of nests fledged young, whereas 53 percent of nests at Reference successfully fledged young. Vireos at Reference sites had to expend more energy in extra nest-building and egg-laying to produce a similar number of young as vireos at Seep sites. Predation was believed to be the primary source of nest failure at both sites. Predation accounted for 100 percent and 83 percent of nest failures at Seep and Reference sites, respectively. Failure of the remaining nests was attributed to infertile eggs and other unknown causes.
There were 11 plant species used as hosts for vireo nests in 2021. Successful vireo nests at Reference sites were further from the edge of host plants (closer to the center) and further from the edge of the nest plant clump than unsuccessful nests. Vireo nests at Seep sites were further from the edge of the host plant and the nest plant clump than vireo nests at Reference sites.
Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Riverine export of carbon (C) is an important part of the global C cycle; however, most riverine C budgets focus on individual forms of C and fail to comprehensively measure both organic and inorganic C species in concert. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted high frequency sampling of multiple C forms, including dissolved organic C (DOC), inorganic carbon (as alkalinity), particulate organic C (POC), coarse particulate organic C (CPOC), and invertebrate biomass C across the main run-off season in a predominantly rain-fed watershed in Southeast Alaska. Streamwater concentrations were used to model daily watershed C export from May through October. Concentration and modeled yield data indicated that DOC was the primary form of riverine C export (8708 kg C/km2), except during low flow periods when alkalinity (3125 kg C/km2) was the dominant form of C export. Relative to DOC and alkalinity, export of particulate organic C (POC: 992 kg C/km2; CPOC: 313 kg C/km2) and invertebrates (40 kg C/km2) was small, but these forms of organic matter could disproportionately impact downstream food webs because of their higher quality, assessed via C to nitrogen ratios. These seasonal and flow driven changes to C form and export likely provide subsidies to downstream and nearshore ecosystems such that predicted shifts in regional hydroclimate could substantially impact C transfer and incorporation into aquatic food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10533-024-01175-7","usgsCitation":"Delbecq, C., Fellman, J.B., Bellmore, J.R., Whitney, E., Hood, E., Fitzgerald, K., and Falke, J.A., 2024, Seasonal patterns in riverine carbon form and export from a temperate forested watershed in Southeast Alaska: Biogeochemistry, v. 167, p. 1353-1369, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-024-01175-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1353","endPage":"1369","ipdsId":"IP-159555","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-024-01175-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kaxdigoowu Héen watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.75658445715095,\n 58.49000824721642\n ],\n [\n -134.75658445715095,\n 58.377070439919066\n ],\n [\n -134.52405757677857,\n 58.377070439919066\n ],\n [\n -134.52405757677857,\n 58.49000824721642\n ],\n [\n -134.75658445715095,\n 58.49000824721642\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"167","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delbecq, Claire","contributorId":337162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delbecq","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellman, Jason B.","contributorId":198741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":935567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellmore, J. Ryan","contributorId":271034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":56260,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 11175 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, Alaska, 99801","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitney, Emily J.","contributorId":354399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Emily J.","affiliations":[{"id":16298,"text":"University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":935570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Kevin","contributorId":332288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70261475,"text":"70261475 - 2024 - Antibody response of endangered riparian brush rabbits to vaccination against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-11T15:58:08.253308","indexId":"70261475","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-23T08:40:51","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19851,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antibody response of endangered riparian brush rabbits to vaccination against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2","docAbstract":"Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; Caliciviridae, Lagovirus europaeus), the cause of a highly transmissible and fatal lagomorph disease, has spread rapidly through the western United States and Mexico, resulting in substantial mortality in domestic and wild rabbits. The disease was first detected in California in May 2020, prompting an interagency/zoo/academia/nonprofit team to implement emergency conservation actions to protect endangered riparian brush rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) from RHDV2. Prior to vaccinating wild rabbits, we conducted a vaccine safety trial by giving a single SC dose of Filavac VHD K C+V (Filavie) vaccine to 19 adult wild riparian brush rabbits captured and temporarily held in captivity. Rabbits were monitored for adverse effects, and serum was collected before vaccination, and at 7–10, 14–20, and 60 d post-vaccination. Sera were tested using an ELISA to determine antibody response and timing of seroconversion. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed on rectal swabs to evaluate infection status. No adverse effects from the vaccine were observed. Before vaccination, 18 of 19 rabbits were seronegative, and RHDV2 was not detected by RT-qPCR on any rectal swabs. After vaccination, all rabbits developed an antibody response, with titers of 1:10–1:160. Seroconversion generally occurred at 7–10 d. The duration of antibody response was ≥60 d in 12 of 13 rabbits. Sixteen animals were released and 4 were recaptured several months later, offering a glimpse into longer duration immune response. Our study has informed vaccination strategies for this species and serves as a model for protecting other vulnerable lagomorphs against RHDV2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/10406387241267850","usgsCitation":"Moriarty, M.E., Rudd, J.L., Takahashi, F., Hopson, E., Kinzley, C., Minier, D., Herman, A., Berninger, M.L., Mohamed, F., Makhdoomi, M., Woods, L.W., Ip, H., and Clifford, D.L., 2024, Antibody response of endangered riparian brush rabbits to vaccination against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigations, v. 36, no. 5, p. 735-744, https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387241267850.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"735","endPage":"744","ipdsId":"IP-159359","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11457773","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.23726054372516,\n 37.658190048288006\n ],\n [\n -121.23726054372516,\n 37.58493145324623\n ],\n [\n -121.13687347946288,\n 37.58493145324623\n ],\n [\n -121.13687347946288,\n 37.658190048288006\n ],\n [\n -121.23726054372516,\n 37.658190048288006\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moriarty, Megan E.","contributorId":347049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moriarty","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":83045,"text":"Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, C","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudd, Jaime L.","contributorId":347050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudd","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":83045,"text":"Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, C","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takahashi, Fumika","contributorId":333625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takahashi","given":"Fumika","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopson, Eric","contributorId":347051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopson","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83046,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Complex, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Los Banos, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kinzley, Colleen","contributorId":347052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinzley","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83047,"text":"Department of Animal Care, Conservation and Research, Oakland Zoo - Conservation Society of California, Oakland, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minier, Darren","contributorId":347053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minier","given":"Darren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83048,"text":"Department of Animal Care, Conservation and Research, Oakland Zoo - Conservation Society of California, Oakland, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herman, Alex","contributorId":347054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83047,"text":"Department of Animal Care, Conservation and Research, Oakland Zoo - Conservation Society of California, Oakland, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Berninger, Mary Lou","contributorId":347055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berninger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Lou","affiliations":[{"id":83049,"text":"Foreign Animal Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Diseases Center, Greenport, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mohamed, Fawzi","contributorId":347056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohamed","given":"Fawzi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83049,"text":"Foreign Animal Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Diseases Center, Greenport, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Makhdoomi, Muzafar","contributorId":347057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Makhdoomi","given":"Muzafar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83049,"text":"Foreign Animal Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Diseases Center, Greenport, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Woods, Leslie W.","contributorId":347058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woods","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":83050,"text":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Davis, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":126815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clifford, Deana L.","contributorId":333623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford","given":"Deana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70263810,"text":"70263810 - 2024 - Cold blood in warming waters: Effects of air temperature, precipitation, and groundwater on Gulf Sturgeon thermal habitats in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-25T15:28:39.78105","indexId":"70263810","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-23T08:22:47","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cold blood in warming waters: Effects of air temperature, precipitation, and groundwater on Gulf Sturgeon thermal habitats in a changing climate","docAbstract":"In a changing climate, the effects of air temperature, precipitation, and groundwater on water temperature and thermal habitat suitability for Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser desotoi, listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, are not well understood. Hence, we incorporated these factors into thermal habitat models to forecast how Gulf Sturgeon may be affected by wide‐ranging climate change scenarios in 2024–2074.
Using data from the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, we developed precipitation‐ and groundwater‐corrected air–water temperature models, compared their accuracy with that of conventional air–water temperature models used in fisheries management, and projected future Gulf Sturgeon thermal habitat suitability for normal physiological functioning and fieldwork (i.e., population sampling and telemetry surgeries) in summer (May–August) under 16 climate change scenarios.
Precipitation‐ and groundwater‐corrected models were more accurate than conventional air–water temperature models (mean improvement in adjusted R2 = +0.45; range = +0.09 to +0.75). Water temperature was projected to warm at widely variable rates across climate change scenarios encompassing different air temperature, precipitation, and groundwater regimes. Importantly, Gulf Sturgeon summer aggregation areas were cooler and influenced more by precipitation and groundwater and less by air temperature than were non‐aggregation areas. If precipitation and groundwater—as drivers of cooling—become warm in a changing climate, summer aggregation areas were projected to exhibit thermal habitat degradation equivalent to or greater than that of non‐aggregation areas.
Our results add hydrological context to the premise that aggregation areas provide cool water and energetic savings for Gulf Sturgeon during summer, underscoring the importance of protecting these habitats through groundwater conservation, water quality monitoring, and riparian/watershed habitat management. Our findings indicate that identifying thermally appropriate times for fieldwork activities will be increasingly important and time‐restricted as climate change intensifies. However, our research provides managers with a portfolio of water temperature models and an accurate, cost‐effective, management‐relevant approach to forecasting thermal habitat conditions for Gulf Sturgeon and other species in a changing climate.
Although coastal islands are home to many endemic species, they are also at risk of inundation from storm surge and sea level rise. Three subspecies of mole skink (Plestiodon egregius egregius, P. e. insularis, and the Egmont Key Mole Skink known from a single occurrence) occur on a small number of islands off the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA. We used the most recent sea level rise projections and the latest storm surge simulation data to predict impacts to habitat for insular mole skinks in Florida from 2030 to 2150. Our models predicted that in <100 years (by 2100; intermediate sea level rise scenario; ~1.08–1.15 m sea level rise), >78% of preferred habitat for the Florida Keys Mole Skink, >65% of preferred habitat for the Cedar Key Mole Skink, and >36% of preferred habitat for the Egmont Key Mole Skink will be inundated from sea level rise. Storm surge from tropical cyclones presents a more immediate risk to insular mole skink habitat: our models predicted that between 58% and 75% of Florida Keys Mole Skink habitat is at risk of being submerged under an average maximum of between 0.60 (SD = 0.86) and 0.98 (SD = 0.36) m of storm surge water for a category 1 storm, and the amount of habitat predicted to be impacted increases for higher intensity storms. Our models predicted similar trends for Cedar Key and Egmont Key Mole Skink habitat. Given current sea level rise projections, our models predicted that all three subspecies could be extinct by 2140 due to habitat inundation. There remains uncertainty about how species and ecosystems will respond to sea level rise, thus research to fill these gaps could help mitigate the effects of sea level rise in areas most vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Residents of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, rely on the basin-fill alluvial aquifer underlying the valley for drinking water. Since the 1980s, groundwater levels and water-quality data have been collected to monitor the status of the aquifer system and to assist in planning efforts to address current (2024) and future demand. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada, evaluated trends in water levels, nitrate, and arsenic concentrations from a network of monitoring and domestic wells in Carson Valley. This work also assessed the monitoring well network to determine the suitability of wells for characterizing the occurrence of arsenic in the groundwater. Monitoring of constituents, such as nitrate and arsenic concentrations, is needed to assess changes in contaminant distribution and to evaluate the effect that changing land use and groundwater pumping has on their occurrence and transport.
Results of the trend analysis indicate water levels are declining (p<0.05) in 17 of 26 selected monitoring wells (65 percent). Areas with the largest change in water levels, with more than 20 feet of declines, were within the community areas of Johnson Lane, Ruhenstroth, South Agricultural, East Valley, and Fish Springs. Variations in water levels measured in wells from the Central Agricultural, Minden, Foothill, Alpine County (one well), and Gardnerville Ranchos areas show periods of increase and decrease over time, but they also maintain long-term declining trends (p<0.05).
Increases in nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected from 9 out of 14 selected monitoring wells (64 percent) are statistically significant (p<0.05) within the Ruhenstroth, Gardnerville Ranchos, East Valley, Genoa, and Johnson Lane community areas. Samples collected from a well in Indian Hills/Jacks Valley indicated a decreasing trend in nitrate concentration over time. Nitrate concentrations in samples collected from wells in East Valley, Genoa, Johnson Lane, and Indian Hills/Jack Valley were consistently low (less than 3 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) and stable. Nitrate concentrations from selected wells in Johnson Lane and Garnerville Ranchos exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (as nitrogen) and have trends that are increasing over time. In 2022, a sample collected from Johnson Lane had a concentration (7.3 mg/L) below the MCL with an increasing trend over time.
Temporal trend analyses for groundwater arsenic concentrations in Carson Valley could not be done because of a lack of temporal data. However, using available historical data, arsenic concentrations seem to be greater in groundwater from wells located on the eastern and northern areas of the valley than in wells located on the western or southern areas. Groundwater arsenic concentrations exceed 5 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in most samples collected from wells in Johnson Lane, Airport, Central Agricultural, and East Valley areas and in many cases exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) MCL of 10 μg/L. Data indicate that groundwater from domestic wells screened at deeper intervals are likely more vulnerable to elevated arsenic concentrations than shallower wells.
A groundwater network evaluation for Carson Valley identified potential modifications in the sampling locations and frequency to better understand the effect of groundwater pumping in communities where municipal and domestic demand are greatest, potentially enhancing understanding of contaminant transport in these areas. Potential modifications to the active well network include reducing the frequency of sample collection from existing network wells (6 out of 11) that have consistently shown low and stable nitrate concentrations, adding wells in areas where data are sparse, and increasing the number of wells in areas with elevated groundwater nitrate concentrations. Including the analysis of arsenic in samples from the active groundwater monitoring well network will provide more detail on the temporal and spatial variability of arsenic concentrations.
A visualization tool for the Carson River Basin was developed to provide access to discrete and near real-time hydrologic and water-quality data. The Carson River Basin Hydro Mapper (CBH; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023b) shows active and historical discrete water levels measured by the USGS and the State of Nevada Division of Water Resources, discrete groundwater nitrate and arsenic concentration data collected by the USGS, near real-time streamflow, and surface water levels for select waterbodies. The hydrologic data in the CBH provides resource managers, the public, and the scientific community with an easily accessible tool to present and communicate the most up-to-date information available about local and basin-wide water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area—Water's Cooperative Matching Funds","usgsCitation":"Naranjo, R.C., and Bubiy, A., 2024, Assessment of water levels, nitrate, and arsenic in the Carson Valley Alluvial Aquifer and the development of a data visualization tool for the Carson River Basin, Nevada (ver. 1.1, September 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1045, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241045.","productDescription":"vii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154652","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434792,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/versionHist.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":432958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":432959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/ofr20241045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432960,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/ofr20241045.xml"},{"id":432961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/images"},{"id":432962,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241045/full"},{"id":497966,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117224.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433077,"rank":6,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://webapps.usgs.gov/carsonriverbasinhydromapper/","text":"Carson River Basin Hydro Mapper Webapp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.6,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -119.3,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -119.3,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 39.05\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 2024; Version 1.1: September 2024","contact":"Director,
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U.S. Geological Survey
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The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually funds small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 12 projects funded in fiscal year 2020, outlining their goals, activities, and accomplishments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241027","programNote":"Science Synthesis, Analysis, and Research Program","usgsCitation":"Hsu, L., Chapin, E.G., Barnhart, T.B., Cravens, A.E., Erickson, R.A., Ferrante, J., Fox, A., Hitt, N.P., Hunter, M., Kolb, K., Peacock, J.R., Petkewich, M.D., Reed, S.C., Sohl, T.L., and Williamson, T.N., 2024, Community for Data Integration 2020 project report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1027, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241027.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-157501","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":433075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/images"},{"id":433076,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/ofr20241027.xml"},{"id":433036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1027/ofr20241027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1027"},{"id":433331,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241027/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1027"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis Program
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris are a widespread aquatic invasive species within the United States and a recent invader in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania. Flathead Catfish are piscivores known to consume native and recreationally important fish species. In the mid-Atlantic United States, it is unknown how this invader is impacting food webs and which species may be at greatest predation risk. To address this knowledge gap, we DNA barcoded stomach contents collected from Flathead Catfish to identify prey species and elucidate potential predatory impacts of Flathead Catfish in the Susquehanna River.
We used a Bayesian hierarchical multivariate probit model to investigate if the probability of prey species occurrence in the diets of Flathead Catfish varied seasonally or was a function of Flathead Catfish length.
A total of 576 Flathead Catfish were collected during 2020–2021, with 241 individuals having recoverable stomach contents. In all, we identified 47 different prey species. The most common prey species were rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus, Margined Madtom Noturus insignis, and shiners Notropis spp. While frequency of occurrence of prey species differed across Flathead Catfish length classes (<300 mm, 301–600 mm, 601–900 mm TL), rusty crayfish were commonly found (33.7–44.0% of diets) in stomachs of all size-classes.
We found that Flathead Catfish length and seasonality did influence occurrence probability differentially for several prey species. For example, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus were more likely to appear in shorter Flathead Catfish while Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu appeared in larger Flathead Catfish. We demonstrate significant variation in Flathead Catfish predation, increasing our understanding of predator–prey dynamics, which is necessary to better manage and identify future impacts to aquatic communities in the Susquehanna River basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10480","usgsCitation":"Stark, S., Schall, M.K., Smith, G., Maloy, A., Coombs, J.A., Wagner, T., and Avery, J., 2024, Feeding habits and ecological implications of the invasive Flathead Catfish in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 153, no. 5, p. 591-610, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10480.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"610","ipdsId":"IP-160306","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466955,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.13792639569971,\n 42.09066504733855\n ],\n [\n -78.27638072611447,\n 42.09066504733855\n ],\n [\n -78.27638072611447,\n 39.71793162556648\n ],\n [\n -75.13792639569971,\n 39.71793162556648\n ],\n [\n -75.13792639569971,\n 42.09066504733855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, Sydney","contributorId":343364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"Sydney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schall, Megan K.","contributorId":274359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schall","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Geoffrey D.","contributorId":224595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Geoffrey D.","affiliations":[{"id":40898,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maloy, Aaron","contributorId":343773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maloy","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coombs, Jason A.","contributorId":77039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":916712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Avery, Julian","contributorId":264623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"Julian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70257705,"text":"70257705 - 2024 - Pre-fire assessment of post-fire debris flow hazards in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-23T15:21:25.689185","indexId":"70257705","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-22T10:17:48","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-fire assessment of post-fire debris flow hazards in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed","docAbstract":"Wildfires are increasing in size and severity due to climate change combined with overstocked forests. Fire increases the likelihood of debris flows, posing significant threats to life, property, and water supplies.
We conducted a debris-flow hazard assessment of the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed (SFMW) to answer two questions: (1) where are debris flows most likely to occur; and (2) how much debris might they produce? We also document the influence of fuel treatments on fire severity and debris flows.
We modelled post-fire debris-flow likelihood and volume in 103 sub-basins for 2-year, 5-year, and Probable Maximum Precipitation rainfalls following modelled low-, moderate-, and high-severity wildfires.
Post-fire debris-flow likelihoods were >90% in all but the lowest fire and rain scenarios. Sub-basins with fuel treatments had the lowest burn severities, debris-flow likelihoods, and sediment volumes, but treatment effects decreased with increased fire severity and rain intensity.
Post-fire debris flows with varying debris volumes are likely to occur following wildfire in the SFMW, but fuel treatments can reduce likelihood and volume.
Future post-fire debris flows will continue to threaten water supplies, but fuel reduction treatments and debris-flow mitigation provide opportunities to minimise effects.
Hydrological drought is a pervasive and reoccurring challenge in managing water resources. Reservoirs are critical for lessening the impacts of drought on water available for many uses. We use a novel and generalized approach to identify periods of unusually low reservoir storage—via comparisons to operational rule curves and historical patterns—to investigate how droughts affect storage in 250 reservoirs across the conterminous U.S. (CONUS). We find that the maximum amount of water stored in reservoirs is decreasing, and that periods of unusually low storage are becoming longer, more severe, and more variable in (a) western and central CONUS reservoirs, and (b) reservoirs with primarily over-year storage. Results suggest that reservoir storage has become less reliable and more vulnerable to larger deviations from desired storage patterns. These changes have coincided with ongoing shifts to the hydroclimate of CONUS, and with sedimentation further reducing available reservoir storage.
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Reduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ShakeAlert® and schools: Incorporating earthquake early warning in school districts in Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey-managed ShakeAlert® earthquake early warning system is the first public alerting system in the United States to provide rapid mass notification when an earthquake is detected. Although public alert delivery via mobile phones began in California in 2019 followed by Oregon and Washington in 2021, little is known about what might drive widespread implementation in at-risk institutional settings such as schools. For example, there has been limited research on how to best integrate earthquake early warning into existing emergency plans, alert systems, and drills to keep school children and personnel safe in an earthquake. To address this gap, in the spring of 2022, every school district superintendent in Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington was sent a 15-min online survey. The survey assessed superintendent knowledge of ShakeAlert, preferences for alert messaging, and perceived opportunities and barriers to incorporating the system in schools. The results showed that superintendents had low awareness of ShakeAlert but held positive perceptions of the system's potential to enable life-saving protective actions. A major barrier to adoption included the perceived financial cost of implementing and maintaining the system. There were some statistically significant differences in state responses, and future research could investigate the specific needs of each state based on school district size and composition, hazard exposure, and earthquake experience. Together these findings can help inform targeted strategies to increase ShakeAlert adoption in schools and ultimately improve the safety of school children and staff during earthquakes.
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Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breeden, Jolie","contributorId":350455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breeden","given":"Jolie","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McBride, Sara K. 0000-0002-8062-6542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-6542","contributorId":206933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Sara K.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"deGroot, Robert Michael 0000-0001-9995-4207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-4207","contributorId":239577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deGroot","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70258175,"text":"70258175 - 2024 - Comparison of cisco (Coregonus artedi) aerobic scope and thermal tolerance between two latitudinally-separated populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:27:07.95284","indexId":"70258175","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-22T09:51:15","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of cisco (Coregonus artedi) aerobic scope and thermal tolerance between two latitudinally-separated populations","title":"Comparison of cisco (Coregonus artedi) aerobic scope and thermal tolerance between two latitudinally-separated populations","docAbstract":"The cisco Coregonus artedi is a coldwater fish that is distributed throughout much of Canada and the northern United States, including the Laurentian Great Lakes. Cisco historically supported large commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes during the late 1800s and early 1900s, but many populations declined and never recovered. Restoration efforts focusing on re-establishing cisco in the Great Lakes are underway, but increasing water temperatures may hinder these efforts. Therefore, we examined aerobic scope and thermal tolerance of allopatric cisco populations from different latitudes and habitats to determine if a southern latitude population (Crooked Lake, Indiana, USA) near the southern edge of cisco distribution was better adapted to withstand warmer water temperatures than a northern latitude population (Les Cheneaux Islands, Michigan, USA; Lake Huron). As expected, both stocks demonstrated increases in metabolic rates and absolute aerobic scope with increased temperature. Northern cisco had significantly lower aerobic scope compared to southern cisco at both treatment temperatures of 10 and 13 °C. Both cisco stocks had high thermal tolerances when challenged by temperatures increased to 20 and 23 °C but low tolerances at 26 °C. Cisco thermal tolerances increased with acclimation temperature, but we did not detect a difference in thermal tolerances between northern and southern cisco. Although southern cisco had higher capacity for aerobic metabolism, both stock sources had high thermal tolerances at the upper end of their thermal limits. Therefore, either population would be likely suitable for reintroduction into Great Lakes habitats, even with expected warming in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102415","usgsCitation":"Simonson, M.A., Bunnell, D., Madenjian, C.P., Keeler, K., and Schmitt, J., 2024, Comparison of cisco (Coregonus artedi) aerobic scope and thermal tolerance between two latitudinally-separated populations: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 50, no. 5, 102415, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102415.","productDescription":"102415, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163760","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Crooked Lake, Lake Huron, Les Cheneaux Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.03178580679142,\n 41.67704854292987\n ],\n [\n -85.04022127240248,\n 41.681592163341264\n ],\n [\n -85.05202177523562,\n 41.68084213613412\n ],\n [\n -85.05001009167275,\n 41.67730644213748\n ],\n [\n -85.05708836112665,\n 41.67907615186607\n ],\n [\n -85.06554000528172,\n 41.67680253578493\n ],\n [\n -85.07195756200889,\n 41.68915760089371\n ],\n [\n -85.08649731967846,\n 41.6972246451536\n ],\n [\n -85.08816388966483,\n 41.69344382786758\n ],\n [\n -85.08038942342932,\n 41.68562927086904\n ],\n [\n -85.06959145739484,\n 41.67125444049145\n ],\n [\n -85.05135405535435,\n 41.66671827650961\n ],\n [\n -85.03683916319395,\n 41.66495144604414\n ],\n [\n -85.03178580679142,\n 41.67704854292987\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.46412303427357,\n 46.00609133034004\n ],\n [\n -84.46412303427357,\n 45.9152499898876\n ],\n [\n -84.23127103952208,\n 45.9152499898876\n ],\n [\n -84.23127103952208,\n 46.00609133034004\n ],\n [\n -84.46412303427357,\n 46.00609133034004\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simonson, Martin Albert 0000-0002-1284-8055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-8055","contributorId":343964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"Albert","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David 0000-0003-3521-7747","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":217344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeler, Kevin 0000-0002-8118-0060","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-0060","contributorId":203484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeler","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Joseph 0000-0002-8354-4067","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-4067","contributorId":221020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70261614,"text":"70261614 - 2024 - Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-17T15:37:10.567627","indexId":"70261614","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-22T09:35:56","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5929,"text":"Journal of Open Source Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata","docAbstract":"The Aurora software package robustly estimates single station and remote reference electromagnetic transfer functions (TFs) from magnetotelluric (MT) time series. Aurora is part of an open-source processing workflow that leverages the self-describing data container MTH5, which in turn leverages the general mt-metadata framework to manage metadata. These pre-existing packages simplify the processing by providing managed data structures, allowing for transfer functions to be generated with only a few lines of code. The processing depends on two inputs -- a table defining the data to use for TF estimation, and a JSON file specifying the processing parameters, both of which are generated automatically, and can be modified if desired. Output TFs are returned as mt_metadata objects, and can be exported to a variety of common formats for plotting, modeling and inversion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Open Source Initiative","doi":"10.21105/joss.06832","usgsCitation":"Kappler, K., Peacock, J., Egbert, G.D., Frassetto, A., Heagy, L., Kelbert, A., Keyson, L., Oldenburg, D.W., Ronan, T., and Sweet, J., 2024, Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata: Journal of Open Source Software, v. 9, no. 100, 6832, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06832.","productDescription":"6832, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164541","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.06832","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappler, Karl 0000-0002-1877-1255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-1255","contributorId":345189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappler","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82517,"text":"IMDEX Technology USA, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":210082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egbert, Gary D.","contributorId":187462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egbert","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frassetto, Andrew 0000-0002-8818-3731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-3731","contributorId":345192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frassetto","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82518,"text":"Incorporated Research Institutes for Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heagy, Lindsey 0000-0002-1551-5926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-5926","contributorId":345190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heagy","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78772,"text":"University of British Columbia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelbert, Anna 0000-0003-4395-398X akelbert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-398X","contributorId":184053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelbert","given":"Anna","email":"akelbert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keyson, Laura","contributorId":347262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyson","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83114,"text":"Earthscope USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oldenburg, Douglas W. 0000-0002-4327-2124","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-2124","contributorId":304117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldenburg","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":65972,"text":"Geophysical Inversion Facility (GIF), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ronan, Timothy 0000-0001-8450-9573","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-9573","contributorId":345191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ronan","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82518,"text":"Incorporated Research Institutes for Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sweet, Justin 0000-0001-7323-9758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-9758","contributorId":347263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83114,"text":"Earthscope USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70261213,"text":"70261213 - 2024 - A scaling relationship for the width of secondary deformation around strike-slip faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T14:46:56.231325","indexId":"70261213","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-22T08:42:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A scaling relationship for the width of secondary deformation around strike-slip faults","docAbstract":"Simple mechanical arguments suggest that slip along interlocked, rough faults, damages surrounding rocks. The same arguments require that the scale of secondary damage is proportional to the size of geometric irregularities along the main fault. This relationship could apply at all scales, but has, so far, been difficult to observe at the 10s to 100 s of km scales of large, natural faults, often because large-scale deformation is distributed across wide, complex plate-boundary fault systems, like the San Andreas Fault. The geometry and geology of another large-scale plate-boundary strike slip fault—the Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF)—is, in contrast, especially simple. Here, we show that observations of secondary deformation are well-aligned with predictions of stress variations caused by geometric irregularities along the QCF, suggesting a geometric relationship between primary fault geometry and secondary deformation. The analytic stress solution reveals that the highest stresses and highest likelihood of failure are confined to a zone of influence (ZOI) with a width quantified by
Decadal scale lake drying in interior Alaska results in lake margin colonization by willow shrub and graminoid vegetation, but the effects of these changes on plant production, biodiversity, soil properties, and soil microbial communities are not well known. We studied changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) storage, plant and microbial community composition, and soil microbial activities in drying and non-drying lakes in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge. Historic changes in lake area were determined using Landsat imagery. Results showed that SOC storage in drying lake margins declined by 0.13 kg C m−2 yr−1 over 30 years of exposure of lake sediments, with no significant change in soil N. Lake drying resulted in an increase in graminoid and shrub aboveground net primary production (ANPP, +3% yr−1) with little change in plant functional composition. Increases in ANPP were similar in magnitude (but opposite in sign) to losses in SOC over a 30-year drying trend. Potential decomposition rates and soil enzyme activities were lower in drying lake margins compared to stable lake margins, possibly due to high salinities in drying lake margin soils. Microbial communities shifted in response to changing plant communities, although they still retained a legacy of the previous plant community. Understanding how changing lake hydrology impacts the ecology and biogeochemistry of lake margin terrestrial ecosystems is an underexamined phenomenon with large impacts to landscape processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023JG007819","usgsCitation":"Patil, V.P., McFarland, J., Wickland, K., Manies, K.L., Winterstein, M., Hollingsworth, T., Euskirchen, E., and Waldrop, M., 2024, The effect of drying boreal lakes on plants, soils, and microbial communities in lake margin habitats: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 129, no. 8, e2023JG007819, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007819.","productDescription":"e2023JG007819, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139844","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jg007819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.14311428675356,\n 66.58339320669828\n ],\n [\n -150.0613509618515,\n 65.52747431340518\n ],\n [\n -143.489470862569,\n 65.54657614460567\n ],\n [\n -143.48736112738945,\n 66.54807699281983\n ],\n [\n -150.14311428675356,\n 66.58339320669828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patil, Vijay P. 0000-0002-9357-194X vpatil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-194X","contributorId":203676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patil","given":"Vijay","email":"vpatil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":912009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, Jack 0000-0001-9672-8597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-8597","contributorId":214819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Jack","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":208471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winterstein, Mark","contributorId":343792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hollingsworth, Teresa N.","contributorId":343793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"Teresa N.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euskirchen, Eugénie S.","contributorId":83378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"Eugénie S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":216758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":912010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70259304,"text":"70259304 - 2024 - Remote sensing large-wood storage downstream of reservoirs during and after dam removal: Elwha River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T12:15:08.069344","indexId":"70259304","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-22T07:10:44","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing large-wood storage downstream of reservoirs during and after dam removal: Elwha River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Large wood is an integral part of many rivers, often defining river-corridor morphology and habitat, but its occurrence, magnitude, and evolution in a river system are much less well understood than the sedimentary and hydraulic components, and due to methodological limitations, have seldom previously been mapped in substantial detail. We present a new method for this, representing a substantial advance in automated deep-learning-based image segmentation. From these maps, we measured large wood and sediment deposits from high-resolution orthoimages to explore the dynamics of large wood in two reaches of the Elwha River, Washington, USA, between 2012 and 2017 as it adjusted to upstream dam removals. The data set consists of a time series of orthoimages (12.5-cm resolution) constructed using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry on imagery from 14 aerial surveys. Model training was optimized to yield maximum accuracy for estimated wood areas, compared to manually digitized wood, therefore model development and intended application were coupled. These fully reproducible methods and model resulted in a maximum of 15% error between observed and estimated total wood areas and wood deposit size-distributions over the full spatio-temporal extent of the data. Areal extent of wood in the channel margin approximately doubled in the years following dam removal, with greatest increases in large wood in wider, lower-gradient sections. Large-wood deposition increased between the start of dam removal (2011) and winter 2013, then plateaued. Sediment bars continued to grow up until 2016/17, assisted by a partially static wood framework deposited predominantly during the period up to winter 2013.
The Redeye Bass Micropterus coosae is a piscivore introduced into California, which has become a threat to the state's endemic freshwater fishes. It has eliminated native fishes from the middle reaches of the Cosumnes River, our study stream, which is the largest stream without a major dam on its main stem in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River drainage, central California, USA. We thoroughly documented its novel life history and ecology in California to shed light on why it has been such a successful invader despite its relatively small native range.
Over 4000 stable carbon and nitrogen isotope samples were utilized to refine our understanding of fish trophic position within the river food web, along with a stable isotope mixing model that accounts for uncertainty in trophic enrichment data.
Growth was slow, with an adult size range of 9–25 cm standard length (SL), although few were larger than 15-cm SL (5–6 years old). Stable isotope analyses showed that Redeye Bass dominate the river ecosystem to the exclusion of most native fishes, occupying multiple trophic levels and microhabitats. Adults largely consumed non-native crayfish and large aquatic insects, while juveniles consumed aquatic insects, the size of prey increasing with Redeye Bass length. There was no evidence of cannibalism. Redeye Bass have effectively occupied the diverse trophic positions of at least four native fish species and have altered the trophic position of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in sites where they co-occur with bass.
The introduction of Redeye Bass poses a continuing threat to native stream fishes in California and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10477","usgsCitation":"Long, B.C., Moyle, P.B., Young, M.J., and Crain, P.K., 2024, Age, growth, and trophic ecology of the Redeye Bass, an introduced invader of California rivers: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 153, no. 5, p. 559-575, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10477.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"575","ipdsId":"IP-165585","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Beth C.","contributorId":343631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Matthew J. 0000-0001-9306-6866 mjyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-6866","contributorId":206255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Matthew","email":"mjyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crain, Patrick K.","contributorId":343634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crain","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13109,"text":"ICF International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70257725,"text":"70257725 - 2024 - Social vulnerability and water insecurity in the western US: A systematic review of framings, indicators, and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-26T11:36:09.165908","indexId":"70257725","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-22T06:23:43","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social vulnerability and water insecurity in the western US: A systematic review of framings, indicators, and uncertainty","docAbstract":"Water insecurity poses a complex challenge for the western United States. Large populations are exposed and susceptible to physical and social factors that can leave them with precarious access to sufficient water supplies. Consideration of social issues by water managers can help ensure equitable supply. However, how social factors affect water insecurity conditions remains unclear. This paper reviews literature on how social vulnerability influences water insecurity in the western United States. Through a meta-analysis, indicators measuring how dimensions of social vulnerability influence water insecurity were classified and hierarchical clustering was used to characterize the relationships among these vulnerability dimensions for the largest water-users—the agricultural and municipal sectors. The study then assessed uncertainty associated with social vulnerability dimensions and their indicators. There is greatest evidence for the influence of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and exposure. Indicators of these determinants were mainly significant and exacerbated conditions of water insecurity. Evidence for indicators of social dependence and special needs populations was limited, although studies assessing these factors showed significant agreement on their influence on water insecurity. Conceptual framings of social vulnerability and water security determined which indicators were measured, whereas studies of the water-use sectors focused on differing associations of social vulnerability. These findings indicate the importance of recognizing the different contexts posed by water-use sectors and diverse conceptual framings. Further, some determinants such as living conditions remain important but underexplored drivers of a community's experience of water insecurity. Understanding the uncertainty associated with these measures has implications to equitable decision making.