{"pageNumber":"162","pageRowStart":"4025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10952,"records":[{"id":70041509,"text":"pp1794A - 2012 - Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T14:18:04","indexId":"pp1794A","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794","chapter":"A","title":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000","docAbstract":"<h1>Preface</h1>\n<p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1794&ndash;A is the first in a four-volume series on the status and trends of the Nation&rsquo;s land use and land cover, providing an assessment of the rates and causes of land-use and land-cover change in the Western United States between 1973 and 2000. Volumes B, C, and D provide similar analyses for the Great Plains, the Midwest&ndash;South Central United States, and the Eastern United States, respectively. The assessments of land-use and land-cover trends are conducted on an ecoregion-by-ecoregion basis, and each ecoregion assessment is guided by a nationally consistent study design that includes mapping, statistical methods, field studies, and analysis. Individual assessments provide a picture of the characteristics of land change occurring in a given ecoregion; in combination, they provide a framework for understanding the complex national mosaic of change and also the causes and consequences of change. Thus, each volume in this series provides a regional assessment of how (and how fast) land use and land cover are changing, and why. The four volumes together form the first comprehensive picture of land change across the Nation. Geographic understanding of land-use and land-cover change is directly relevant to a wide variety of stakeholders, including land and resource managers, policymakers, and scientists. The chapters in this volume present brief summaries of the patterns and rates of land change observed in each ecoregion in the Western United States, together with field photographs, statistics, and comparisons with other assessments. In addition, a synthesis chapter summarizes the scope of land change observed across the entire Western United States. The studies provide a way of integrating information across the landscape, and they form a critical component in the efforts to understand how land use and land cover affect important issues such as the provision of ecological goods and services and also the determination of risks to, and vulnerabilities of, human communities. Results from this project also are published in peer-reviewed journals, and they are further used to produce maps of change and other tools for land management, as well as to provide inputs for carbon-cycle modeling and other climate change research. This report is only one of the products produced by USGS on land-use and land-cover change in the United States. Other reports and land-cover statistics are available online at <a href=\"http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov</a>.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Wilson, T.S., and Acevedo, W., eds., 2012, Status and trends of land change in the Western United States—1973 to 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794–A, 324 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/.","productDescription":"viii, 323 p.","numberOfPages":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A.gif"},{"id":312102,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794C","text":"Professional Paper 1794-C","linkHelpText":"Status and Trends of Land Change in the Midwest–South Central United States—1973 to 2000"},{"id":307112,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794","text":"Professional Paper 1794","linkHelpText":"This publication is Volume A in Status and trends of land change in the United States—1973 to 2000"},{"id":307123,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794B","text":"Professional Paper 1794-B","linkHelpText":"Status and trends of land change in the Great Plains of the United States—1973 to 2000"},{"id":329085,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794D","text":"Professional Paper 1794-D","linkHelpText":"Status and Trends of Land Change in the Eastern United States—1973 to 2000"},{"id":263751,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/pp1794a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"61.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1794-A"},{"id":306964,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/index.html","text":"Index page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":306945,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/versionHist.txt","description":"Version History for PP 1794-A"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,29.0 ], [ -124.5,49.0 ], [ -100.0,49.0 ], [ -100.0,29.0 ], [ -124.5,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/staff.php\" target=\"_blank\">Contact Information</a>, Western Geographic Science Center&nbsp;<br />U.S. Geological Survey&nbsp;<br />345 Middlefield Road, MS 531&nbsp;<br />Menlo Park, CA 94025&nbsp;<br /><a href=\"http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Foreword</li>\n<li>Preface</li>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Author Affiliations</li>\n<li>Regional Synthesis</li>\n<li>Marine West Coast Forests Ecoregions</li>\n<li>Rocky Mountains Ecoregions</li>\n<li>Western Mountain Ranges Ecoregions</li>\n<li>Mediterranean California Ecoregions</li>\n<li>Cold Deserts Ecoregions</li>\n<li>Warm Deserts Ecoregions</li>\n<li>Appendixes (4)</li>\n</ul>","publishedDate":"2012-12-05","revisedDate":"2013-06-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c1cce7e4b09fd40bb0eb8e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568690,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041403,"text":"70041403 - 2012 - Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:14:28","indexId":"70041403","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Gas pistoning is a type of eruptive behavior described first at Kīlauea volcano and characterized by the (commonly) cyclic rise and fall of the lava surface within a volcanic vent or lava lake. Though recognized for decades, its cause continues to be debated, and determining why and when it occurs has important implications for understanding vesiculation and outgassing processes at basaltic volcanoes. Here, we describe gas piston activity that occurred at the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone, in Kīlauea’s east rift zone, during June 2006. Direct, detailed measurements of lava level, made from time-lapse camera images captured at close range, show that the gas pistons during the study period lasted from 2 to 60 min, had volumes ranging from 14 to 104 m<sup>3</sup>, displayed a slowing rise rate of the lava surface, and had an average gas release duration of 49 s. Our data are inconsistent with gas pistoning models that invoke gas slug rise or a dynamic pressure balance but are compatible with models which appeal to gas accumulation and loss near the top of the lava column, possibly through the generation and collapse of a foam layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., and Rea, J., 2012, Time-lapse camera observations of gas piston activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 10, p. 2353-2362, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2353","endPage":"2362","ipdsId":"IP-038552","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263700,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0667-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano;Pu�u �o�o","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfba90e4b01744973f77be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, James","contributorId":52854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041417,"text":"70041417 - 2012 - Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T10:07:54","indexId":"70041417","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Brimstone Basin, a remote area of intense hydrothermal alteration a few km east of the Yellowstone Caldera, is rarely studied and has long been considered to be a cold remnant of an ancient hydrothermal system. A field campaign in 2008 confirmed that gas emissions from the few small vents were cold and that soil temperatures in the altered area were at background levels. Geochemical and isotopic evidence from gas samples (<sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ~ 3R<sub>A</sub>, δ<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> ~ − 3&permil;) however, indicate continuing magmatic gas input to the system. Accumulation chamber measurements revealed a surprisingly large diffuse flux of CO<sub>2</sub> (~ 277 t d<sup>-1</sup>) and H<sub>2</sub>S (0.6 t d<sup>-1</sup>). The flux of CO<sub>2</sub> reduces the <sup>18</sup>O content of the overlying cold groundwater and related stream waters relative to normal meteoric waters. Simple isotopic modeling reveals that the CO<sub>2</sub> likely originates from geothermal water at a temperature of 93 ± 19 °C. These results and the presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons (C1:C2 ~ 100 and δ<sup>13</sup>C-CH<sub>4</sub> = − 46.4 to − 42.8&permil;) in gases require some heat source at depth and refute the assumption that this is a “fossil” hydrothermal system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Lowenstern, J.B., and Hurwitz, S., 2012, Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Chemical Geology, v. 330-331, p. 233-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-036804","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263688,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Brimstone Basin;Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.06,40.99 ], [ -111.06,45.01 ], [ -104.05,45.01 ], [ -104.05,40.99 ], [ -111.06,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"330-331","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb73ee4b01744973f777e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041356,"text":"sim3214 - 2012 - Thermal maturity map of Devonian shale in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:01:20","indexId":"sim3214","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3214","title":"Thermal maturity map of Devonian shale in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins of North America","docAbstract":"Much of the oil and gas in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins of eastern North America is thought to be derived from Devonian shale that is within these basins (for example, Milici and others, 2003; Swezey, 2002, 2008, 2009; Swezey and others, 2005, 2007). As the Devonian strata were buried by younger sediments, the Devonian shale was subjected to great temperature and pressure, and in some areas the shale crossed a thermal maturity threshold and began to generate oil. With increasing burial (increasing temperature and pressure), some of this oil-generating shale crossed another thermal maturity threshold and began to generate natural gas. Knowledge of the thermal maturity of the Devonian shale is therefore useful for predicting the occurrence and the spatial distribution of oil and gas within these three basins. This publication presents a thermal maturity map of Devonian shale in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins. The map shows outlines of the three basins (dashed black lines) and an outline of Devonian shale (solid black lines). The basin outlines are compiled from Thomas and others (1989) and Swezey (2008, 2009). The outline of Devonian shale is a compilation from Freeman (1978), Thomas and others (1989), de Witt and others (1993), Dart (1995), Nicholson and others (2004), Dicken and others (2005a,b), and Stoeser and others (2005).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3214","isbn":"978-1-4113-3503-5","usgsCitation":"East, J.A., Swezey, C., Repetski, J.E., and Hayba, D.O., 2012, Thermal maturity map of Devonian shale in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian basins of North America: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3214, Sheet: 40.33 x 33.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3214.","productDescription":"Sheet: 40.33 x 33.19 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3214.jpg"},{"id":263644,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3214/pdf/sim3214.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":263643,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3214/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Illinois;Indiana;Kentucky;Maryl;Michigan;Mississippi;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Tennessee;Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.0,32.0 ], [ -93.0,46.0 ], [ -74.0,46.0 ], [ -74.0,32.0 ], [ -93.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfba8ae4b01744973f77ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Joseph A. 0000-0003-4226-9174 jeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-9174","contributorId":2747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Joseph","email":"jeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S.","contributorId":52640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayba, Daniel O. 0000-0003-4092-1894 dhayba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"Daniel","email":"dhayba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041362,"text":"70041362 - 2012 - Shallow stratigraphic control on pockmark distribution in north temperate estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T11:27:24","indexId":"70041362","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow stratigraphic control on pockmark distribution in north temperate estuaries","docAbstract":"Pockmark fields occur throughout northern North American temperate estuaries despite the absence of extensive thermogenic hydrocarbon deposits typically associated with pockmarks. In such settings, the origins of the gas and triggering mechanism(s) responsible for pockmark formation are not obvious. Nor is it known why pockmarks proliferate in this region but do not occur south of the glacial terminus in eastern North America. This paper tests two hypotheses addressing these knowledge gaps: 1) the region's unique sea-level history provided a terrestrial deposit that sourced the gas responsible for pockmark formation; and 2) the region's physiography controls pockmarks distribution. This study integrates over 2500 km of high-resolution swath bathymetry, Chirp seismic reflection profiles and vibracore data acquired in three estuarine pockmark fields in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy. Vibracores sampled a hydric paleosol lacking the organic-rich upper horizons, indicating that an organic-rich terrestrial deposit was eroded prior to pockmark formation. This observation suggests that the gas, which is presumably responsible for the formation of the pockmarks, originated in Holocene estuarine sediments (loss on ignition 3.5–10%), not terrestrial deposits that were subsequently drowned and buried by mud. The 7470 pockmarks identified in this study are non-randomly clustered. Pockmark size and distribution relate to Holocene sediment thickness (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.60), basin morphology and glacial deposits. The irregular underlying topography that dictates Holocene sediment thickness may ultimately play a more important role in temperate estuarine pockmark distribution than drowned terrestrial deposits. These results give insight into the conditions necessary for pockmark formation in nearshore coastal environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2012.09.006","usgsCitation":"Brothers, L., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., Barnhardt, W., Andrews, B., Legere, C., and Hughes Clarke, J.E., 2012, Shallow stratigraphic control on pockmark distribution in north temperate estuaries: Marine Geology, v. 329-331, p. 34-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.09.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-035626","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5759","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263662,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.09.006"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Maine;New Brunswick","otherGeospatial":"Belfast Bay;Blue Hill Bay;Passamaquoddy Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.0,44.2 ], [ -69.0,45.17 ], [ -66.9,45.17 ], [ -66.9,44.2 ], [ -69.0,44.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"329-331","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb9c3e4b01744973f77aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Laura L.","contributorId":96132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Joseph T.","contributorId":6703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belknap, Daniel F.","contributorId":20588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A.","contributorId":80656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D.","contributorId":54180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Legere, Christine","contributorId":89781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legere","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70041305,"text":"70041305 - 2012 - Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T09:32:59","indexId":"70041305","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":922,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America","docAbstract":"Dry deposition of speciated mercury, i.e., gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), particulate-bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), was estimated for the year 2008–2009 at 19 monitoring locations in eastern and central North America. Dry deposition estimates were obtained by combining monitored two- to four-hourly speciated ambient concentrations with modeled hourly dry deposition velocities (V<sub>d</sub>) calculated using forecasted meteorology. Annual dry deposition of GOM+PBM was estimated to be in the range of 0.4 to 8.1 μg m<sup>−2</sup> at these locations with GOM deposition being mostly five to ten times higher than PBM deposition, due to their different modeled V<sub>d</sub> values. Net annual GEM dry deposition was estimated to be in the range of 5 to 26 μg m<sup>−2</sup> at 18 sites and 33 μg m<sup>−2</sup> at one site. The estimated dry deposition agrees very well with limited surrogate-surface dry deposition measurements of GOM and PBM, and also agrees with litterfall mercury measurements conducted at multiple locations in eastern and central North America. This study suggests that GEM contributes much more than GOM+PBM to the total dry deposition at the majority of the sites considered here; the only exception is at locations close to significant point sources where GEM and GOM+PBM contribute equally to the total dry deposition. The relative magnitude of the speciated dry deposition and their good comparisons with litterfall deposition suggest that mercury in litterfall originates primarily from GEM, which is consistent with the limited number of previous field studies. The study also supports previous analyses suggesting that total dry deposition of mercury is equal to, if not more important than, wet deposition of mercury on a regional scale in eastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union (Copernicus Publications)","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012","usgsCitation":"Zhang, L., Blanchard, P., Gay, D., Prestbo, E., Risch, M., Johnson, D., Narayan, J., Zsolway, R., Holsen, T., Miller, E., Castro, M., Graydon, J., , L., and Dalziel, J., 2012, Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 12, no. 9, p. 4327-4340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4327","endPage":"4340","ipdsId":"IP-033882","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012"},{"id":263596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Piney Reservoir;Beltsville;Grand Bay Nerr;Thompson Farm;Brigantine;New Brunswick;Chester;Elizabeth Lab;Kejimkujik National Park;Bronx;Huntington Wildlife;Rochester;Rochester B;Athens Super Site;Stilwell;Antelope Island;Salt Lake City;Underhill;Canaan Valley Institute;Experimental Lakes Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.46,29.45 ], [ -114.46,50.51 ], [ -61.68,50.51 ], [ -61.68,29.45 ], [ -114.46,29.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bd12dce4b069d93eefc4b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, P.","contributorId":70267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, D.A.","contributorId":54018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prestbo, E.M.","contributorId":83739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestbo","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Risch, M.R.","contributorId":55032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, D.","contributorId":85955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Narayan, J.","contributorId":41309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narayan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zsolway, R.","contributorId":32059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zsolway","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holsen, T.M.","contributorId":33122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holsen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, E. K.","contributorId":9832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Castro, M.S.","contributorId":65358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dalziel, J.","contributorId":64484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalziel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70042214,"text":"70042214 - 2012 - 3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-03T15:17:24.593109","indexId":"70042214","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is mapping the distribution of basalt flows and sedimentary interbeds at the Idaho National Laboratory in three dimensions to provide data for refining numerical models of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Paleomagnetic inclination and polarity data from basalt samples from 47 coreholes are being used to create a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the subsurface of the southern part of the INL. Surface and sub-surface basalt flows can be identified in individual cores and traced in three dimensions on the surface and in the subsurface for distances of more than 20 km using a combination of paleomagnetic, stratigraphic, and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar data. Eastern Snake River Plain olivine tholeiite basalts have K<sub>2</sub>O contents of 0.2 to 1.0 weight per cent. In spite of the low-K content, high-precision <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages were obtained by applying a protocol that employs short irradiation times (minimizing interferences from Ca derived <sup>36</sup>Ar), frequent measurement of various size atmospheric Ar pipettes to monitor and correct for temporal variation, and signal size dependent nonlinearity in spectrometer mass bias, resulting in age dates with resolution generally between 2 to 10% of the age. 3-D models of subsurface basalt flows are being used to: (1) Estimate eruption volumes; (2) locate the approximate vent areas and extent of sub-surface flows; and (3) Help locate high and low transmissivity zones. Results indicate that large basalt eruptions (&gt;3 km<sup>3</sup>) occurred at and near the Central Facilities Area between 637 ka and 360 ka; at and near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex before 540 ka; and north of the Naval Reactors Facility at about 580 ka. Since about 360 ka, large basalt flows have erupted along the Arco-Big Southern Butte Volcanic Rift Zone and the Axial Volcanic Zone, and flowed northerly towards the Central Facilities Area. Basalt eruptions shifted the course of the Big Lost River from a more southerly course to its present one.</p>","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Hodges, M., Champion, D.E., Turrin, B.D., and Swisher, C.C., 2012, 3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA), American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042382","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/V13B-2841.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99789047241211,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99789047241211,\n              43.539215993938164\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.539215993938164\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563494aee4b048076347fb85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, Mary K. V. 0000-0001-8708-0354 mkhodges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-0354","contributorId":3023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Mary K. V.","email":"mkhodges@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048450,"text":"70048450 - 2012 - Record length, mass, and clutch size in the nonindigenous Burmese Python, Python bivittatus Kuhl 1820 (Squamata: Pythonidae), in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-27T10:10:32","indexId":"70048450","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T10:02:26","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3263,"text":"Reptiles & Amphibians","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Record length, mass, and clutch size in the nonindigenous Burmese Python, Python bivittatus Kuhl 1820 (Squamata: Pythonidae), in Florida","docAbstract":"The Burmese Python, Python bivittatus Kuhl 1820 (Squamata: Pythonidae), is indigenous to northern India,east to southern China, and south to Vietnam and a few islands in Indonesia (Barker and Barker 2008, Reed and Rodda 2009). This species has been introduced since at least 1979 in southern Florida, USA, where it likely began reproducing and became established during the 1980s (Meshaka et al. 2000, Snowet al. 2007b,Kraus 2009, Krysko et al. 2011, Willson et al. 2011). Python bivittatus has been documented in Florida consuming a variety of mammals and birds, and the American Alligator(Alligator mississippiensis) (Snowet al. 2007a, 2007b; Harvey et al. 2008; Rochford et al. 2010b; Holbrook and Chesnes 2011), many of which are protected species. Herein, we provide details on two of the largest known wild P. bivittatus in Florida to date, including current records on length,mass,clutch size, and diet.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reptiles & Amphibians","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Reptile Conservation Foundation","usgsCitation":"Krysko, K.L., Hart, K.M., Smith, B.J., Selby, T.H., Cherkiss, M.S., Coutu, N.T., Reichart, R.M., Nuñez, L., Mazzotti, F., and Snow, R.W., 2012, Record length, mass, and clutch size in the nonindigenous Burmese Python, Python bivittatus Kuhl 1820 (Squamata: Pythonidae), in Florida: Reptiles & Amphibians, v. 19, no. 4, p. 267-270.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-041937","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278186,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ircf.org/journal/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/RA_19.4_267-270_IntroSpec-Krysko-Pbiv_print.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.001 ], [ -80.03,31.001 ], [ -80.03,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5246e91be4b035b7f35adde3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krysko, Kenneth L.","contributorId":31656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krysko","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Brian J. 0000-0002-0531-0492 bjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0492","contributorId":899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","email":"bjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selby, Thomas H. 0000-0003-2116-0807 tselby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-0807","contributorId":5685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"Thomas","email":"tselby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coutu, Nicholas T.","contributorId":30129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coutu","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reichart, Rebecca M.","contributorId":60111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichart","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nuñez, Leroy P.","contributorId":19072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuñez","given":"Leroy P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Snow, Ray W.","contributorId":76449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13415,"text":"Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70043960,"text":"70043960 - 2012 - Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T12:32:59","indexId":"70043960","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<h1>Study Summary</h1>\n<p>The influence of stream flow on salmon smolt emigration survival is a topic of widespread management interest. We collected smolt survival data to inform flow management decisions in the Yakima Basin. The Yakima River watershed drains the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountain Range in central Washington State. The upper basin is comprised of two major tributaries&ndash;the Naches River and the upper Yakima River. Headwater storage reservoirs capture runoff during the winter and spring seasons to support downstream irrigation needs. During summer months, water is conveyed through the upper Yakima River and diverted at Roza Dam, a major irrigation diversion that supplies water to the Roza Irrigation District and to a hydroelectric plant located near Yakima, Washington.</p>\n<p>To assess smolt survival in the 18 km reach downstream of Roza Dam, a radio telemetry project will be carried out over a three-year timeframe. The first year of study was designed to provide baseline survival estimates at two distinct flow treatments during the spring migration period. The goal was to establish flow treatments that were as divergent as possible in order to maximize the observed effect of environmental conditions on smolt survival. In total, three experimental trials were carried out in 2012&ndash;one during low flow conditions (&lt;600 cfs) and two during high flows (&gt;3000 cfs). Data from the first year will be used to determine experimental design requirements to adequately address study objectives in years two and three.</p>\n<p>In the spring of 2012, fixed telemetry monitoring stations were established in strategic locations upstream and downstream of Roza Dam. Yearling Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> smolts originating from Cle Elum Hatchery were captured at the Roza Dam fish screen bypass facility, implanted with radio tags, and released upstream of Roza Dam. Each release group of 50 fish was paired with a high or low flow condition. Fish movements were tracked as tagged fish passed each monitoring station during their migration down the upper Yakima River, through Roza Dam, past the Naches River confluence, and eventually through Sunnyside and Prosser Dams. At the conclusion of field data collection, survival rates for each release group were calculated using Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture models.</p>\n<p>Yearling Chinook smolt survival and travel time estimates from 2012 suggest that migration rates and survival rates in the Roza Reach may be associated with stream flow, water temperature, release timing (i.e. migratory disposition), and fish size, but the extent to which each variable influenced survival is yet to be determined. The lowest survival rate (61%) and longest travel time (median 2.26 days) was observed in Release Group 1, which had the smallest size distribution and experienced the lowest flows, lowest temperatures, and earliest release date among the three groups. Release Groups 2 and 3 survived at 96% and 98% respectively and traveled through the Roza Reach in less than eight hours. The primary focus of years two and three of this study will be to collect data that minimizes the effect of confounding explanatory variables, so that flow effects on emigration survival can be quantified independent of these other influential factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cramer Fish Sciences","collaboration":"Annual report prepared for: Yakima Basin Joint Board, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, System Operations Advisory Committee","usgsCitation":"Courter, Garrison, Kock, T.J., and Perry, R.W., 2012, Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042239","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fishsciences.net/reports/view_report.php?rid=6222"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Naches River, Roza Reach, Yakima River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              47.33510005753562\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.783935546875,\n              47.33510005753562\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.783935546875,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb2e4b0b13d3919a32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courter, Ian","contributorId":121196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courter","suffix":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, Tommy","contributorId":115917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","suffix":"Tommy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042603,"text":"pp1794A13 - 2012 - Klamath Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:01:54","indexId":"pp1794A13","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-13","title":"Klamath Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Klamath Mountains Ecoregion covers approximately 47,791 km<sup>2</sup> (18,452 mi<sup>2</sup>) of the Klamath and Siskiyou Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is flanked by the Coast Range Ecoregion to the west, the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion to the south, the Cascades and the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregions to the east, and the Willamette Valley Ecoregion to the north. The mild Mediterranean climate of the ecoregion is characterized by hot, dry summers and wet winters; the amount of winter moisture varies within the ecoregion, decreasing from west to east. The Klamath–Siskiyou Mountains region is widely recognized as an important biodiversity hotspot (Whittaker, 1960; Kruckeberg, 1984; Wagner, 1997; DellaSala and others, 1999), containing more than 3,500 plant species, more than 200 of which are endemic (Sawyer, 2007). A biological assessment by DellaSala and others (1999) ranked the Klamath–Siskiyou Mountains region as the fifth richest coniferous forest in terms of species diversity. In addition, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature considers the region an area of notable botanical importance (Wagner, 1997). Twenty-nine different species of conifers can be found in the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion (Sawyer, 1996).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A13","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., and Calzia, J.P., 2012, Klamath Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-13, Chapter 13: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A13.","productDescription":"Chapter 13: 9 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_13.jpg"},{"id":265640,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265638,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265639,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter13.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,39.0 ], [ -124.5,44.0 ], [ -121.8,44.0 ], [ -121.8,39.0 ], [ -124.5,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f5370ae4b0114312ab0228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calzia, James P. jcalzia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"James","email":"jcalzia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042605,"text":"pp1794A15 - 2012 - Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:25","indexId":"pp1794A15","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-15","title":"Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter has been modified from original material published in Raumann and Soulard (2007), entitled “Land-cover trends of the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, 1973–2000” (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5011). The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion covers approximately 53,413 km² (20,623 mi²) with the majority of the area (98 percent) in California and the remainder in Nevada (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion is generally oriented north-south and is essentially defined by the Sierra Nevada physiographic province, which separates California’s Central Valley to the west from the Great Basin to the east. It is bounded by seven other ecoregions: Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion on the west; Klamath Mountains and Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregions on the north; Southern California Mountains Ecoregion on the south; and Northern Basin and Range, Central Basin and Range, and Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregions on the east (fig. 1). The Sierra Nevada range is a granitic batholith, much of which is exposed at higher elevations, with a gradual western slope and a generally steep eastern escarpment.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A15","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Raumann, C.G., and Soulard, C.E., 2012, Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-15, Chapter 15: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A15.","productDescription":"Chapter 15: 9 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_15.jpg"},{"id":265648,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265646,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265647,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter15.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,35.5 ], [ -122.0,41.0 ], [ -117.9,41.0 ], [ -117.9,35.5 ], [ -122.0,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53712e4b0114312ab024b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042606,"text":"pp1794A16 - 2012 - Blue Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 16 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:05:24","indexId":"pp1794A16","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-16","title":"Blue Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 16 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Blue Mountains Ecoregion encompasses approximately 65,461 km² (25,275 mi²) of land bordered on the north by the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion, on the east by the Northern Rockies Ecoregion, on the south by the Snake River Basin and the Northern Basin and Range Ecoregions, and on the west by the Cascades and the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregions (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). Most of the Blue Mountains Ecoregion is located within Oregon (83.5 percent); 13.8 percent is in Idaho, and 2.7 percent is in Washington. The Blue Mountains are composed of primarily Paleozoic volcanic rocks, with minor sedimentary, metamorphic, and granitic rocks. Lower mountains and numerous basin-and-range areas, as well as the lack of Quaternary-age volcanoes, distinguish the Blue Mountains from the adjacent Cascade Range (Thorson and others, 2003).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A16","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 16 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., 2012, Blue Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 16 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-16, Chapter 16: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A16.","productDescription":"Chapter 16: 9 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_16.jpg"},{"id":265650,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265651,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter16.pdf"},{"id":265652,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,43.5 ], [ -121.5,46.5 ], [ -116.0,46.5 ], [ -116.0,43.5 ], [ -121.5,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536f9e4b0114312ab01e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042608,"text":"pp1794A17 - 2012 - Central California Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 17 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:03:35","indexId":"pp1794A17","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-17","title":"Central California Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 17 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Central California Valley Ecoregion, which covers approximately 45,983 km<sup>2</sup> (17,754 mi<sup>2</sup>), is an elongated basin extending approximately 650 km north to south through central California (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is surrounded entirely by the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion, which includes parts of the Coast Ranges to the west and which is bounded by the Sierra Nevada to the east. The Central California Valley Ecoregion accounts for more than half of California’s agricultural production value and is one of the most important agricultural regions in the country, with flat terrain, fertile soils, a favorable climate, and nearly 70 percent of its land in cultivation (Kuminoff and others, 2000; Sumner and others, 2003). Commodities produced in the region include milk and dairy, cattle and calves, cotton, almonds, citrus, and grapes, among others (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2004; Johnston and McCalla, 2004; Kuminoff and others, 2000) (figs. 2<i>A,B,C</i>). Six of the top eight agricultural-producing counties in California are located at least partly within the Central California Valley Ecoregion (Kuminoff and others, 2000) (table 1). The Central California Valley Ecoregion is also home to nearly 5 million people spread throughout the region, including the major cities of Sacramento (state capital), Fresno, Bakersfield, and Stockton, California (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000) (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A17","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 17 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Central California Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 17 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-17, Chapter 17: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A17.","productDescription":"Chapter 17: 9 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_17.jpg"},{"id":265656,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265654,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265655,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter17.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,34.9 ], [ -122.25,40.25 ], [ -118.75,40.25 ], [ -118.75,34.9 ], [ -122.25,34.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536fce4b0114312ab01f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042610,"text":"pp1794A18 - 2012 - Southern California Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 18 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:58:28","indexId":"pp1794A18","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-18","title":"Southern California Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 18 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter has been modified from original material published in Soulard and others (2007), entitled “Land-cover trends of the Southern California Mountains ecoregion” (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5235). The Southern California Mountains Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) encompasses approximately 17,871 km² (6,900 mi²) of land located entirely within California. The ecoregion is bounded on the far north by the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, on the east by the Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion, on the southeast by the Sonoran Basin and Range Ecoregion, and on the west and north by Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion. In addition, the northern part of the ecoregion is separated from the Central California Valley Ecoregion by a narrow strip of the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A18","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 18 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., Raumann, C.G., and Wilson, T.S., 2012, Southern California Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 18 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-18, Chapter 18: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A18.","productDescription":"Chapter 18: 8 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_18.jpg"},{"id":265660,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter18.pdf"},{"id":265661,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265658,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,33.0 ], [ -120.25,35.75 ], [ -116.25,35.75 ], [ -116.25,33.0 ], [ -120.25,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53713e4b0114312ab0253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042612,"text":"pp179420A - 2012 - Central Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 20 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:04:21","indexId":"pp179420A","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-20","title":"Central Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 20 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter has been modified from original material published in Soulard (2006), entitled “Land-cover trends of the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion” (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5288). The Central Basin and Range Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) encompasses approximately 343,169 km² (132,498 mi2) of land bordered on the west by the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, on the east by the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion, on the north by the Northern Basin and Range and the Snake River Basin Ecoregions, and on the south by the Mojave Basin and Range and the Colorado Plateaus Ecoregions (fig. 1). Most of the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion is located in Nevada (65.4 percent) and Utah (25.1 percent), but small segments are also located in Idaho (5.6 percent), California (3.7 percent), and Oregon (0.2 percent). Basin-and-range topography characterizes the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion: wide desert valleys are bordered by parallel mountain ranges generally oriented northsouth. There are more than 33 peaks within the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion that have summits higher than 3,000 m (10,000 ft), but valleys in the ecoregion are also high, most having elevations above 1,200 m (4,000 ft) (Grayson, 1993).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp179420A","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 20 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., 2012, Central Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 20 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-20, Chapter 20: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp179420A.","productDescription":"Chapter 20: 9 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_20.jpg"},{"id":265672,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265670,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265671,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter20.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Idaho;Nevada;Oregon;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,36.5 ], [ -120.5,43.5 ], [ -111.0,43.5 ], [ -111.0,36.5 ], [ -120.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536fae4b0114312ab01ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042613,"text":"pp1794A21 - 2012 - Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion: Chapter 21 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:02:40","indexId":"pp1794A21","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-21","title":"Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion: Chapter 21 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion covers approximately 129,617 km<sup>2</sup> (50,045 mi<sup>2</sup>) within southern and eastern Utah, western Colorado, and the extreme northern part of Arizona (fig. 1). The terrain of this ecoregion is characterized by broad plateaus, ancient volcanoes, and deeply dissected canyons (Booth and others, 1999; fig. 2). The ecoregion is bounded on the east by the Wyoming Basin and Southern Rockies Ecoregions in Colorado and on the northwest by the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion in northern and central Utah. To the south, the ecoregion borders the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion, which has a higher elevation and more grasslands than the Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A21","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 21 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Stier, M.P., 2012, Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion: Chapter 21 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-21, Chapter 21: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A21.","productDescription":"Chapter 21: 9 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_21.jpg"},{"id":265676,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265678,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265677,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter21.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;New Mexico;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,36.25 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -109.0,42.0 ], [ -109.0,36.25 ], [ -114.0,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536fde4b0114312ab01f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stier, Michael P. 0000-0002-8518-9855 mpstier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-9855","contributorId":3121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stier","given":"Michael","email":"mpstier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042615,"text":"pp1794A22 - 2012 - Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 22 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:02:25","indexId":"pp1794A22","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-22","title":"Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 22 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"Located in eastern Washington and northern Oregon, the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion is characterized by sagebrush steppe and grasslands with extensive areas of dryland farming and irrigated agriculture. The ecoregion, which is approximately 90,059 km<sup>2</sup> (34,772 mi<sup>2</sup>), is surrounded on all sides by mountainous ecoregions: to the west, the North Cascades Ecoregion and the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion (and to the west of it, the Cascades Ecoregion); to the south, the Blue Mountains Ecoregion; and to the east, the Northern Rockies Ecoregion (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The climate is Mediterranean, with cool wet winters and hot dry summers.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A22","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 22 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 22 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-22, Chapter 22: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A22.","productDescription":"Chapter 22: 8 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_22.jpg"},{"id":265682,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265681,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter22.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.25,44.0 ], [ -121.25,49.0 ], [ -115.9,49.0 ], [ -115.9,44.0 ], [ -121.25,44.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536fee4b0114312ab01fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043563,"text":"70043563 - 2012 - Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T08:36:07","indexId":"70043563","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.","docAbstract":"Umbra pygmaea DeKay (Eastern Mudminnow) is one of four species of Umbridae in North America. There is little published life-history information on the species within its native range, particularly on age, growth, and reproduction. This study focuses on these aspects of the life history of this fish at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in Morris County, NJ. A total of 336 fish of seven species was collected from June 1978 through May 1979, with the Eastern Mudminnow comprising 74% of the total. The average annual growth increment in total length for the Eastern Mudminnow was 15.3  2.06 mm, with age-1 fish averaging 40 mm total length and age-5 fish, the oldest collected, averaging 107 mm total length. The length-weight relationship was log10W = -5.291 + 3.182 log10TL mm for males and log10W = -4.999 + 3.032 log10TL mm for females. We observed no statistically significant sexually dimorphic differences in length-weight relationships in this population. The ratio of females to males increased from a low of 0.6 (predominance of male fish) at age-1 to a high of 4.6 (predominance of females) at age-5. Annual mortality for age 2–5 fish ranged from 40–76% with a mean of 59  13%. Age-specific fecundity estimates ranged from 250 eggs/female at age-1 to 2168 eggs/female at age-5. The relationship of number of mature ova to age was best described by the exponential function y = 149.29e0.5287x, where y = age-specific fecundity and x = age in years. Ova ranged from 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter in June and July and averaged 1.41  0.1 mm (range = 1.29–1.62 mm) in early February prior to spawning. Peak spawning occurred in mid-April at temperatures of 9–12 °C, and all females were spent by late April (13–15 °C).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/045.019.0206","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., and Weis, J.S., 2012, Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 19, no. 2, p. 217-228, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.019.0206.","startPage":"217","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-034298","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267992,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.019.0206"}],"country":"United States","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f2fde4b04edf7e93f83d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weis, Judith S.","contributorId":71080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042616,"text":"pp1794A23 - 2012 - Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 23 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:00:14","indexId":"pp1794A23","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-23","title":"Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 23 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) is located in eastern Oregon (58.7 percent), northern Nevada (20.6 percent), southwestern Idaho (14.8 percent), and northeastern California (5.9 percent), encompassing the northern extent of the hydrographic Great Basin (Grayson, 1993). The ecoregion, which covers approximately 110,039 km² (42,486 mi²) of land, is bordered on the west by the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills and the Sierra Nevada Ecoregions, on the north by the Blue Mountains and the Snake River Basin Ecoregions, and on the south by the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion (fig. 1). Much like the other Basin and Range ecoregions in the western United States (for example, Central Basin and Range, Mojave Basin and Range, and Sonoran Basin and Range Ecoregions), the Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion is characterized by basin-and-range topography. The ecoregion contains several wide basins bordered by scattered low mountains. Big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>), the predominant vegetation, is intermixed with grasslands. Despite regional aridity, natural springs and spring-fed wetlands are scattered around the landscape, sustaining much of the region’s wildlife (Oregon Department of State Lands, 2000).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A23","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 23 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., 2012, Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 23 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-23, Chapter 23: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A23.","productDescription":"Chapter 23: 7 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_23.jpg"},{"id":265684,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265685,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter23.pdf"},{"id":265686,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Idaho;Nevada;Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,40.0 ], [ -121.5,45.5 ], [ -114.0,45.5 ], [ -114.0,40.0 ], [ -121.5,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f5370ce4b0114312ab0230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042617,"text":"pp1794A24 - 2012 - Snake River Basin Ecoregion:  Chapter 24 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:06","indexId":"pp1794A24","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-24","title":"Snake River Basin Ecoregion:  Chapter 24 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"Located in south-central Idaho, the Snake River Basin Ecoregion spans 66,063 km<sup>2</sup> (25,507 mi<sup>2</sup>) of mostly sagebrushsteppe (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) with some areas of saltbushgreasewood (<i>Atriplex</i> spp. and <i>Sarcobatus</i> spp.) and barren lava fields (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The Snake River is the dominant hydrographic feature extending the full length (east to west) of the ecoregion. Elevation ranges from approximately 640 m in the “Treasure Valley” (Canyon County, near Nampa, Idaho) to 2,000 m in the semiarid foothills and eastern Snake River Plain. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 50 cm annually, and highest precipitation occurs in the high elevations of the dissected plateaus and Teton Basin along the eastern edge of the ecoregion. Mean January temperatures range from –14 to 4°C, with mean July temperatures ranging from 8 to 32°C.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A24","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 24 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Snake River Basin Ecoregion:  Chapter 24 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-24, Chapter 24: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A24.","productDescription":"Chapter 24: 9 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_24.jpg"},{"id":265688,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265689,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter24.pdf"},{"id":265690,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,42.0 ], [ -118.0,45.5 ], [ -111.0,45.5 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -118.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53713e4b0114312ab024f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042618,"text":"pp1794A25 - 2012 - Wyoming Basin Ecoregion: Chapter 25 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:55:58","indexId":"pp1794A25","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-25","title":"Wyoming Basin Ecoregion: Chapter 25 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Wyoming Basin Ecoregion (Omernik 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999) covers approximately 128,914 km<sup>2</sup> (49,774 mi<sup>2</sup>) in Wyoming and parts of northwestern Colorado, northeastern Utah, southeastern Idaho, and southern Montana (fig. 1). The ecoregion is bounded on the east by the Northwestern Great Plains Ecoregion; on the south and east by the Southern Rockies Ecoregion; on the south by the Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion; on the south and west by the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion; and on the north by the Middle Rockies Ecoregion and parts of the Montana Valley and Foothill Prairies Ecoregion (fig. 1). The ecoregion generally consists of broad intermountain basins dominated by arid grasslands and shrublands, as well as isolated hills and low mountains that merge to the south into a dissected plateau.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A25","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 25 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Hawbaker, T., 2012, Wyoming Basin Ecoregion: Chapter 25 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-25, Chapter 25: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A25.","productDescription":"Chapter 25: 8 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_25.jpg"},{"id":265693,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265694,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter25.pdf"},{"id":265695,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Idaho;Montana;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,40.0 ], [ -112.0,46.0 ], [ -105.0,46.0 ], [ -105.0,40.0 ], [ -112.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53718e4b0114312ab026b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042655,"text":"pp1794A26 - 2012 - Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:05:43","indexId":"pp1794A26","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-26","title":"Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"Situated between ecoregions of distinctly different topographies and climates, the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion represents a large area of approximately 192,869 km<sup>2</sup> (74,467 mi<sup>2</sup>) that stretches across northern Arizona, central and northwestern New Mexico, and parts of southwestern Colorado; in addition, a small part extends into southeastern Nevada (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). Forested, mountainous terrain borders the ecoregion on the northeast (Southern Rockies Ecoregion) and southwest (Arizona/New Mexico Mountains Ecoregion). Warmer and drier climates exist to the south (Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion) and west (Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion). The semiarid grasslands of the western Great Plains are to the east (Southwestern Tablelands Ecoregion), and the tablelands of the Colorado Plateau in Utah and western Colorado lie to the north (Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion). The Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion occupies a significant portion of the southern half of the Colorado Plateau.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A26","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Ruhlman, J., Gass, L., and Middleton, B., 2012, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-26, Chapter 26: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A26.","productDescription":"Chapter 26: 9 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_26.jpg"},{"id":265748,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265749,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter26.pdf"},{"id":265750,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;Nevada;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,33.0 ], [ -114.25,38.5 ], [ -104.0,38.5 ], [ -104.0,33.0 ], [ -114.25,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7d9fbe4b0faa3ef21eba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhlman, Jana","contributorId":93013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhlman","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Barry","contributorId":38119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042656,"text":"pp1794A27 - 2012 - Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:41:47","indexId":"pp1794A27","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-27","title":"Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Chihuahuan Desert is the largest of the North American deserts, extending from southern New Mexico and Texas deep into Mexico, with approximately 90 percent of its area falling south of the United States–Mexico border (Lowe, 1964, p. 24). The Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion covers approximately 174,472 km<sup>2</sup> (67,364 mi<sup>2</sup>) within the United States, including much of west Texas, southern New Mexico, and a small portion of southeastern Arizona (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is generally oriented from northwest to southeast, with the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion to the west; the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau, Southwestern Tablelands, and Western High Plains Ecoregions to the north; and the Edwards Plateau and Southern Texas Plains Ecoregions to the east (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A27","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Ruhlman, J., Gass, L., and Middleton, B., 2012, Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-27, Chapter 27: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A27.","productDescription":"Chapter 27: 10 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_27.jpg"},{"id":265754,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter27.pdf"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;New Mexico;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,29.0 ], [ -109.5,34.5 ], [ -100.25,34.5 ], [ -100.25,29.0 ], [ -109.5,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7da0be4b0faa3ef21ebbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhlman, Jana","contributorId":93013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhlman","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Barry","contributorId":38119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042657,"text":"pp1794A28 - 2012 - Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion: Chapter 28 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:01:39","indexId":"pp1794A28","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-28","title":"Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion: Chapter 28 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997), also known as the “Madrean Sky Islands” or “Sky Islands,” covers an area of approximately 40,536 km<sup>2</sup> (15,651 mi<sup>2</sup>) in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico (fig. 1). The ecoregion is bounded on the west by the Sonoran Basin and Range Ecoregion, on the east by the Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion, and on the north by the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains Ecoregion. This area of basin-and-range topography is one of the most biologically diverse in the world (Koprowski, 2005; Skroch, 2008). Although the mountains in the ecoregion bridge the Rocky Mountains to the north and the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico to the south (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997), the lower elevations act as a barrier to species dispersal. Nevertheless, the geographic convergence of these two major continental mountain ranges, as well as of the Chihuahuan Desert to the east and the Sonoran Desert to the west, forms the foundation for ecological interactions found nowhere else on Earth (Skroch, 2008).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A28","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 28 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Ruhlman, J., Gass, L., and Middleton, B., 2012, Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion: Chapter 28 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-28, Chapter 28: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A28.","productDescription":"Chapter 28: 8 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"292","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_28.jpg"},{"id":265758,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265756,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265757,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter28.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,31.25 ], [ -111.75,33.5 ], [ -108.25,33.5 ], [ -108.25,31.25 ], [ -111.75,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7da1de4b0faa3ef21ec00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhlman, Jana","contributorId":93013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhlman","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Barry","contributorId":38119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042658,"text":"pp1794A29 - 2012 - Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 29 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:01:03","indexId":"pp1794A29","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-29","title":"Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 29 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter has been modified from original material published in Sleeter and Raumann (2006), entitled “Land-cover trends in the Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion” (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5098). The Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) covers approximately 130,922 km<sup>2</sup> (50,549 mi<sup>2</sup>) in the southwestern United States. The ecoregion, which encompasses parts of four states, includes the Mojave Desert and much of the other desert areas in southeastern California, as well as a large part of the southern Nevada desert (fig. 1). The ecoregion is bounded on the north by the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion, on the east by the Colorado Plateaus and the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregions, on the south by the Sonoran Basin and Range Ecoregion, and on the west by the Southern California Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Ecoregions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A29","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 29 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., and Raumann, C.G., 2012, Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion: Chapter 29 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-29, Chapter 29: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A29.","productDescription":"Chapter 29: 10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_29.jpg"},{"id":265762,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265760,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265761,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter29.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Nevada;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.75,33.75 ], [ -118.75,38.25 ], [ -113.0,38.25 ], [ -113.0,33.75 ], [ -118.75,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7da21e4b0faa3ef21ec13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}