The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110–140) directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2) and to consult with other Federal and State agencies to locate the pertinent geological data needed for the assessment. The geologic sequestration of CO2 is one possible way to mitigate its effects on climate change. The methodology used for the national CO2 assessment (Open-File Report 2010-1127; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1127/) is based on previous USGS probabilistic oil and gas assessment methodologies. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. The operational unit of the assessment is a storage assessment unit (SAU), composed of a porous storage formation with fluid flow and an overlying sealing unit with low permeability. Assessments are conducted at the SAU level and are aggregated to basinal and regional results. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of SAUs in separate packages of sedimentary rocks within the assessed basin and focuses on the particular characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in those SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU such as depth to top, gross thickness, net porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps are provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included here will be employed, as specified in the methodology, to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage space in the various SAUs. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through the sealing unit into the top of the storage formation. Wells sharing the same well borehole are treated as a single penetration. Cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data, a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on cell maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024","usgsCitation":"2012, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, 14 Chapters; 4 Data Releases; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024.","productDescription":"14 Chapters; 4 Data Releases; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483457,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14E9HDA","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources - Anadarko and Southern Oklahoma Basins: Chapter R. 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GNATS sampled a period of extremes in precipitation and river discharge (4 of the 8 wettest years of the last century occurred between 2005 and 2010). Coincident with increased precipitation, we observed the following shifts: (1) decreased salinity and density within the surface waters of the western GoM; (2) both reduced temperature and vertical temperature gradients in the upper 50 m; (3) increased colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentrations and particle scattering in the western GoM; (4) increased concentrations of nitrate and phosphate across all but the eastern GoM; (5) increased silicate, particularly in the western GoM, with a sharp increase in the ratio of silicate to dissolved inorganic nitrogen; (6) sharply decreased carbon fixation by phytoplankton; (7) moderately decreased chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in the central GoM and (8) decreased POC- and PIC-specific growth rates. Gulf-wide anomaly analyses suggest that (1) the surface density changes were predominantly driven by temperature, (2) dissolved nutrients, as well as POC/PON, varied in Redfield ratios and (3) anomalies for salinity, density, CDOM, particle backscattering and silicate were significantly correlated with river discharge. Precipitation and river discharge appear to be playing a critical role in controlling the long-term productivity of the Gulf of Maine by supplying CDOM and detrital material, which ultimately competes with phytoplankton for light absorption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps09555","usgsCitation":"Balch, W.M., Drapeau, D., Bowler, B., and Huntington, T.G., 2012, Step-changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Gulf of Maine, as documented by the GNATS time series: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 450, p. 11-35, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09555.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-033967","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09555","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09555"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.1074,41.526 ], [ -71.1074,44.8345 ], [ -65.6683,44.8345 ], [ -65.6683,41.526 ], [ -71.1074,41.526 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e519efe4b069f8d27ccb3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balch, William M.","contributorId":54095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drapeau, D.T.","contributorId":64136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drapeau","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowler, B.C.","contributorId":45986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047048,"text":"70047048 - 2012 - Integrated characterization of the geologic framework of a contaminated site in West Trenton, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-17T11:56:23","indexId":"70047048","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated characterization of the geologic framework of a contaminated site in West Trenton, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Fractured sedimentary bedrock and groundwater at the former Naval Air Warfare Center in West Trenton, New Jersey (United States of America) are contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Predicting contaminant migration or removing the contaminants requires an understanding of the geology. Consequently, the geologic framework near the site was characterized with four different methods having different spatial scales: geologic field mapping, analyses of bedrock drill core, analyses of soil and regolith, and S-wave refraction surveys. A fault zone is in the southeast corner of the site and separates two distinct sedimentary formations; the fault zone dips (steeply) southeasterly, strikes northeasterly, and extends at least 550 m along its strike direction. Drill core from the fault zone is extensively brecciated and includes evidence of tectonic contraction. Approximately 300 m east of this fault zone is another fault zone, which offsets the contact between the two sedimentary formations. The S-wave refraction surveys identified both fault zones beneath soil and regolith and thereby provided constraints on their lateral extent and location.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.12.008","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., Burton, W.C., and Lacombe, P., 2012, Integrated characterization of the geologic framework of a contaminated site in West Trenton, New Jersey: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 79, p. 71-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.12.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-029176","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275019,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.12.008"},{"id":275020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926985111002898"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.838496,40.243997 ], [ -74.838496,40.283997 ], [ -74.798496,40.283997 ], [ -74.798496,40.243997 ], [ -74.838496,40.243997 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e7bce1e4b080b82b09c635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":480928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046822,"text":"70046822 - 2012 - Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T10:11:30","indexId":"70046822","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:46:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Convection in magma chambers is thought to play a key role in the activity of persistently active volcanoes, but has only been inferred indirectly from geochemical observations or simulated numerically. Continuous microgravity measurements, which track changes in subsurface mass distribution over time, provide a potential method for characterizing convection in magma reservoirs. We recorded gravity oscillations with a period of ~150 s at two continuous gravity stations at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. The oscillations are not related to inertial accelerations caused by seismic activity, but instead indicate variations in subsurface mass. Source modeling suggests that the oscillations are caused by density inversions in a magma reservoir located ~1 km beneath the east margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater in Kīlauea Caldera—a location of known magma storage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G33060.1","usgsCitation":"Carbone, D., and Poland, M., 2012, Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geology, v. 40, no. 9, p. 803-806, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33060.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"806","ipdsId":"IP-033975","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33060.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.7984,19.0584 ], [ -155.7984,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.0584 ], [ -155.7984,19.0584 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e66b66e4b017be1ba3477f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carbone, Daniele","contributorId":38458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"Daniele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043478,"text":"70043478 - 2012 - Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T21:38:23","indexId":"70043478","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Among numerous anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial landscapes, expanding transportation networks represent one of the primary challenges to wildlife conservation worldwide. Larger mammals may be particularly vulnerable because of typically low densities, low reproductive rates, and extensive movements. Although numerous studies have been conducted to document impacts of road networks on wildlife, inference has been limited because of experimental design limitations. During the last decade, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) rerouted and upgraded sections of United States Highway 64 between Raleigh and the Outer Banks to a 4-lane, divided highway. A new route was selected for a 24.1-km section in Washington County. The new section of highway included 3 wildlife underpasses with adjacent wildlife fencing to mitigate the effects of the highway on wildlife, particularly American black bears (Ursus americanus). We assessed the short-term impacts of the new highway on spatial ecology, population size, survival, occupancy, and gene flow of black bears. We tested our research hypotheses using a before-after control-impact (BACI) study design. We collected data during 2000–2001 (preconstruction phase) and 2006–2007 (postconstruction phase) in the highway project area and a nearby control area (each approx. 11,000 ha), resulting in 4 groups of data (i.e., pre- or postconstruction study phase, treatment or control area). We captured and radiocollared 57 bears and collected 5,775 hourly locations and 4,998 daily locations. Using mixed-model analysis of variance and logistic regression, we detected no differences in home ranges, movement characteristics, proximity to the highway alignment, or habitat use between the 2 study phases, although minimum detectable effect sizes were large for several tests. However, after completion of the new highway, bears on the treatment area became less inactive in morning, when highway traffic was low, compared with bears on the control area (F1, 43 = 6.05, P = 0.018). We used DNA from hair samples to determine if population size and site occupancy decreased following highway construction. For each study phase, we collected black bear hair from 70 hair snares on each study area during 7 weekly sampling periods and generated genotypes using 10 microsatellite loci. We used the multilocus genotypes to obtain capture histories for 226 different bears and used capture-mark-recapture models to estimate population size. Model-averaged estimates of population size decreased on the treatment area from 87.7 bears before construction to 31.6 bears after construction (64% reduction) and on the control area from 163.6 bears to 108.2 bears (34% reduction). Permutation procedures indicated this reduction was proportionally greater for the treatment area (P = 0.086). We also applied a spatially explicit capture-recapture technique to test our research hypothesis. The model with the most support indicated a greater change in density on the treatment area (69% reduction) compared with the control area (24% reduction). We did not observe a treatment effect based on survival of radiocollared bears. We used bear visits to hair snares as detections in multi-season occupancy models and found that occupancy decreased more on the treatment area (preconstruction: Ψ = 0.84; postconstruction: Ψ = 0.44; 48% decline) than the control area (preconstruction: Ψ = 0.91; postconstruction: Ψ = 0.81; 11% decline), primarily as a function of a greater probability of site extinctions (ε) on the treatment area (ε = 0.57) than the control area (ε = 0.17). Finally, individual- and population-based analyses of contemporary gene flow did not indicate the highway was a barrier to movements. Black bear use of the 3 wildlife underpasses was infrequent (17 verified crossings based on remote cameras, track surveys, and telemetry). Only 4 of 8 bears with home ranges near the highway were documented crossing the highway (n = 36 crossings), of which 2 were killed in vehicle collisions. Six additional bears were killed in vehicle collisions from May 2007 to November 2008, after we completed field work. Harvest data indicated that hunting mortality alone could explain the population decline on the control area. On the treatment area, however, hunting mortality only accounted for an approximately 40% population decline; the additional 30% decline we observed likely was caused by other mortality. We speculate vehicle collisions were primarily responsible. We conclude that impacts of the new highway on resident black bears occurred at the population level, rather than the individual or genetic level, but that the impact was smaller than harvest mortality. Increased activity by remaining bears when traffic volumes were low indicated behavioral plasticity. Bear use of the underpasses seemed sufficient to maintain gene flow between areas north and south of the new highway. Effectiveness of wildlife underpasses to reduce mortality of black bears may be enhanced if mitigation includes continuous fencing between crossing structures. For small, isolated populations of threatened or endangered large mammals, the potential demographic impacts of highways are an essential consideration in the transportation planning process. Control of mortality factors and maintaining demographic connectivity are particularly important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/wmon.7","usgsCitation":"van Manen, F., McCollister, M.F., Nicholson, J.M., Thompson, L.M., Kindall, J.L., and Jones, M., 2012, Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina: Wildlife Monographs, v. 181, no. 1, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-026614","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268815,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"181","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372213e4b02ab8869c0036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Manen, Frank T.","contributorId":51172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCollister, Matthew F.","contributorId":107161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCollister","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholson, Jeremy M.","contributorId":6343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Laura M. 0000-0002-7884-6001 lthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":5366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","email":"lthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindall, Jason L.","contributorId":99441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindall","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Mark D.","contributorId":64119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003946,"text":"70003946 - 2012 - Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T14:10:32.473227","indexId":"70003946","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA","docAbstract":"At regional scales, the most important variables associated with diversity are latitudinally-based temperature and net primary productivity, although diversity is also influenced by habitat. We examined bird species richness, community density and community evenness in forests of eastern Connecticut to determine whether: 1) spatial and seasonal patterns exist in diversity, 2) energy explains the greatest proportion of variation in diversity parameters, 3) variation in habitat explains remaining diversity variance, and 4) seasonal shifts in diversity provide clues about how environmental variables shape communities. We sought to discover if our data supported predictions of the species–energy hypothesis. We used the variable circular plot technique to estimate bird populations and quantified the location, elevation, forest type, vegetation type, canopy cover, moisture regime, understory density and primary production for the study sites. We found that 1) summer richness and population densities are roughly equal in northeastern and southeastern Connecticut, whereas in winter both concentrate toward the coast, 2) variables linked with temperature explained much of the patterns in winter diversity, but energy-related variables showed little relationship to summer diversity, 3) the effect of habitat variables on diversity parameters predominated in summer, although their effect was weak, 4) contrary to theory, evenness increased from summer to winter, and 5) support for predictions of species–energy theory was primarily restricted to winter data. Although energy and habitat played a role in explaining community patterns, they left much of the variance in regional diversity unexplained, suggesting that a large stochastic component to diversity also may exist.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x","usgsCitation":"Craig, R., and Klaver, R.W., 2012, Factors influencing geographic patterns in diversity of forest bird communities of eastern Connecticut, USA: Ecography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 599-609, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07790.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"609","ipdsId":"IP-021424","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.99 ], [ -73.73,42.05 ], [ -71.79,42.05 ], [ -71.79,40.99 ], [ -73.73,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe0e4b0d298e5434c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Robert J.","contributorId":79781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044255,"text":"70044255 - 2012 - Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:15:38","indexId":"70044255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models","docAbstract":"In light of mounting empirical evidence that planetary warming is well underway, the climate research community looks to palaeoclimate research for a ground-truthing measure with which to test the accuracy of future climate simulations. Model experiments that attempt to simulate climates of the past serve to identify both similarities and differences between two climate states and, when compared with simulations run by other models and with geological data, to identify model-specific biases. Uncertainties associated with both the data and the models must be considered in such an exercise. The most recent period of sustained global warmth similar to what is projected for the near future occurred about 3.3–3.0 million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch. Here, we present Pliocene sea surface temperature data, newly characterized in terms of level of confidence, along with initial experimental results from four climate models. We conclude that, in terms of sea surface temperature, models are in good agreement with estimates of Pliocene sea surface temperature in most regions except the North Atlantic. Our analysis indicates that the discrepancy between the Pliocene proxy data and model simulations in the mid-latitudes of the North Atlantic, where models underestimate warming shown by our highest-confidence data, may provide a new perspective and insight into the predictive abilities of these models in simulating a past warm interval in Earth history. This is important because the Pliocene has a number of parallels to present predictions of late twenty-first century climate.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1455","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Robinson, M.M., Haywood, A.M., Hill, D.J., Dolan, A.M., Stoll, D.K., Chan, W., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chandler, M.A., Rosenbloom, N.A., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Bragg, F.J., Lunt, D.J., Foley, K.M., and Riesselman, C., 2012, Assessing confidence in Pliocene sea surface temperatures to evaluate predictive models: Nature Climate Change, v. 2, p. 365-371, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1455.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-036067","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011360","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270689,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1455"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653864e4b077fa94dadf72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Daniel J.","contributorId":80993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dolan, Aisling M.","contributorId":30117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Aisling","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stoll, Danielle K.","contributorId":88236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chan, Wing-Le","contributorId":94941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Wing-Le","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Abe-Ouchi, Ayako","contributorId":94942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abe-Ouchi","given":"Ayako","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chandler, Mark A.","contributorId":101768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rosenbloom, Nan A.","contributorId":104788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbloom","given":"Nan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.","contributorId":85022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto-Bliesner","given":"Bette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bragg, Fran J.","contributorId":97793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Fran","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lunt, Daniel J.","contributorId":101168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Riesselman, Christina R.","contributorId":42501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riesselman","given":"Christina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70044193,"text":"70044193 - 2012 - Dinocyst taphonomy, impact craters, cyst ghosts, and the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T11:29:32","indexId":"70044193","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3006,"text":"Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dinocyst taphonomy, impact craters, cyst ghosts, and the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM)","docAbstract":"Dinocysts recovered from sediments related to the Chesapeake Bay impact structure in Virginia and the earliest Eocene suboxic environment in Maryland show strange and intriguing details of preservation. Features such as curled processes, opaque debris, breakage, microborings and cyst ghosts, among others, invite speculation about catastrophic depositional processes, rapid burial and biological and chemical decay. Selected specimens from seven cores taken in the coastal plain of Virginia and Maryland show abnormal preservation features in various combinations that merit illustration, description, discussion and further study. Although the depositional environments described are extreme, many of the features discussed are known from, or could be found in, other environments. These environments will show both similarities to and differences from the extreme environments here.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01916122.2012.679205","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., 2012, Dinocyst taphonomy, impact craters, cyst ghosts, and the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM): Palynology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 80-95, https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2012.679205.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-032726","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271459,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2012.679205"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.4633,36.9078 ], [ -76.4633,37.9656 ], [ -75.6353,37.9656 ], [ -75.6353,36.9078 ], [ -76.4633,36.9078 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a5068e4b072c16ef14b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042757,"text":"70042757 - 2012 - Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: implications for fault branching and seismic hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T16:17:42","indexId":"70042757","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: implications for fault branching and seismic hazards","docAbstract":"The propagation of the rupture of the Mw7.9 Denali fault earthquake from the central Denali fault onto the Totschunda fault has provided a basis for dynamic models of fault branching in which the angle of the regional or local prestress relative to the orientation of the main fault and branch plays a principal role in determining which fault branch is taken. GeoEarthScope LiDAR and paleoseismic data allow us to map the structure of the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection and evaluate controls of fault branching from a geological perspective. LiDAR data reveal the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection is structurally simple with the two faults directly connected. At the branch point, 227.2 km east of the 2002 epicenter, the 2002 rupture diverges southeast to become the Totschunda fault. We use paleoseismic data to propose that differences in the accumulated strain on each fault segment, which express differences in the elapsed time since the most recent event, was one important control of the branching direction. We suggest that data on event history, slip rate, paleo offsets, fault geometry and structure, and connectivity, especially on high slip rate-short recurrence interval faults, can be used to assess the likelihood of branching and its direction. Analysis of the Denali-Totschunda fault intersection has implications for evaluating the potential for a rupture to propagate across other types of fault intersections and for characterizing sources of future large earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008918","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., Haeussler, P.J., Seitz, G., and Dawson, T.E., 2012, Why the 2002 Denali fault rupture propagated onto the Totschunda fault: implications for fault branching and seismic hazards: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B11, B11304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008918.","productDescription":"B11304","ipdsId":"IP-032223","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270222,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008918"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3bce4b01197b08e9d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":17303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon G.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045504,"text":"70045504 - 2012 - Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:10:07","indexId":"70045504","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Multiple species of large octopus are known from the north Pacific waters around Japan, however only one large species is known in the Gulf of Alaska (the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini). Current taxonomy of E. dofleini is based on geographic and morphological characteristics, although with advances in genetic technology that is changing. Here, we used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I), three nuclear genes (rhodopsin, octopine dehydrogenase, and paired-box 6), and 18 microsatellite loci for phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses of octopuses collected from across southcentral and the eastern Aleutian Islands (Dutch Harbor), Alaska. Our results suggest the presence of a cryptic Enteroctopus species that is allied to, but distinguished from E. dofleini in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Existence of an undescribed and previously unrecognized taxon raises important questions about the taxonomy of octopus in southcentral Alaska waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4","usgsCitation":"Toussaint, R.K., Scheel, D., Sage, G.K., and Talbot, S.L., 2012, Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska: Conservation Genetics, v. 13, no. 6, p. 1483-1497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1497","ipdsId":"IP-039661","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.6828,60.0792 ], [ -148.6828,61.2638 ], [ -145.8051,61.2638 ], [ -145.8051,60.0792 ], [ -148.6828,60.0792 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4ede4b0ca1848338a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toussaint, Rebecca K.","contributorId":104376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toussaint","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheel, David","contributorId":53272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045424,"text":"70045424 - 2012 - Sequential development of platform to off-platform facies of the great American carbonate bank in the central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-22T13:22:26.630338","indexId":"70045424","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"15","title":"Sequential development of platform to off-platform facies of the great American carbonate bank in the central Appalachians","docAbstract":"In the central Appalachians, carbonate deposition of the great American carbonate bank began during the Early Cambrian with the creation of initial ramp facies of the Vintage Formation and lower members of the Tomstown Formation. Vertical stacking of bioturbated subtidal ramp deposits (Bolivar Heights Member) and dolomitized microbial boundtsone (Fort Duncan Member) preceded the initiation of platform sedimentation and creation of sand shoal facies (Benevola Member) that was followed by the development of peritidal cyclicity (Daragan Member). Initiation of peritidal deposition coincided with the development of a rimmed platform that would persist throughout much of the Cambrian and Early Odrovician. At the end of deposition of the Waynesboro Formation, the platform became subaerially exposed because of the Hawke Bay regression, bringing the Sauk I supersequence to and end. In the Conestoga Valley of eastern Pennsylvania, Early Cambrian ramp deposition was succeeded by deposition of platform-margin and periplatfrom facies of the Kinzers Formation.
\nThe basal Sauk II transgression during the early Middle Cambrian submerged the platform and reinitiated the pertidal cyclicity that had characterized the pre-Hawke Bay deposition, This thick stack of meter-scale cycles is preserved as the Pleasant Hill and Warrior Formations of the Nittany arch, the Elbrook Formation of the Great Valley, and the Zooks Corner Formations of the Conestoga Valley. Deposition of peritidal cycles was interrupted during deposition of the Glossopleura and Bathuriscus-Elrathina Biozones by third-order deepening episodes that submerged the platform with subtidal facies. Regressive facies of the Sauk II supersequence produced platform-wide restrictions and the deposition of the lower sandy member of the Gatesburg Formation, the Big Spring Station Member of the Conococheague Formation, and the Snitz Creek Formation. Submergence of the platform was initiated during the late Steptoean (Elvinia Zone) with the epansion of extensive subtidal thrombotic boundstone facies. Vertical stacking of no fewer than four of these thrombolite-dominated intervals records third-order deepening episodes separated by intervening shallowing episodes that produced peritidal ribbony and laminated mudcracked dolostone.
\nThe maximum deepening of the Sauk III transgression produced the Stonehenge Formation in two separate and distinct third-order submergences. Circulation restriction during the Sauk III regression produced a thick stack of meter-scale cycles of the Rockdale Run Formation, and the lower Bellefonte Dolomite of the Nittany arch (central Pennsylvania). This regressive phase was interrupted by a third-order deepening event that produced the oolitic member of the lower Rockdale Run and the Woodsboro Member of the Grove Formation in the Frederick Valley. Restricted circulation continued into the Whiterockian, with deposition of the upper Rockdale Run and the Pinesberg Station Dolomite in the Great Valley and the missile and upper parts of the Bellefonte Dolomore and the Nittany Arch region. This deposition was continuous from the Ibexian into the Whiterockian; the succession lacks significant unconformities and there are no missing biozones through this interval, the top of which marks the end of the Sauk megasequence.
\nDuring deposition of the Tippecanoe megasequence, the peritidal shelf cycles were reestablished during deposition of the St. Paul Group. The vertical stacking of lithologies in the Row Park and New Market Limestones represents transgressive and regressice facies of a third-order deepening event. This submergence reached its maximum deepening within the lower Row Park Limestone and extended with the Nittany arch region with deposition of equivalent Loysburg Formation.. Shallow tidal-flat deposits were bordered to the south and east by deep-water ramp deposits of the Lincolnshire Formation. The St. Paul Group is succeeded upsection by ramp facies of the Chamersberg and the Edinburg Formations in the Great Valley, whereas shallow-shelf sedimentation continued in the Nittany-arch area with the depostion of the Hatter Limestoen and the Snyder and Linden Hall Formations. Carbonate deposition on the great American carbonate bank was brought to an end when it was buried beneath clastic flysch deposits of the Martinsberg Formation. Foundering of the bamk was diachronus, and the flysch seidments prograded from east to west.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian–Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331500M983500","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D.K., Taylor, J.F., and Repetski, J.E., 2012, Sequential development of platform to off-platform facies of the great American carbonate bank in the central Appalachians, chap. 15 of The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian–Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 383-420, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331500M983500.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297357,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER15/CHAPTER15.HTM"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachians","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dce4b00154e4368b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, David K.","contributorId":49428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, John F.","contributorId":80890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045233,"text":"70045233 - 2012 - Constraints on the history and topography of the Northeastern Sierra Nevada from a Neogene sedimentary basin in the Reno-Verdi area, Western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T09:29:21","indexId":"70045233","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the history and topography of the Northeastern Sierra Nevada from a Neogene sedimentary basin in the Reno-Verdi area, Western Nevada","docAbstract":"Neogene (Miocene–Pliocene) sedimentary rocks of the northeastern Sierra Nevada were deposited in small basins that formed in response to volcanic and tectonic activity along the eastern margin of the Sierra. These strata record an early phase (ca. 11–10 Ma) of extension and rapid sedimentation of boulder conglomerates and debrites deposited on alluvial fans, followed by fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation and nearby volcanic arc activity but tectonic quiescence, until ~ 2.6 Ma. The fossil record in these rocks documents a warmer, wetter climate featuring large mammals and lacking the Sierran orographic rain shadow that dominates climate today on the eastern edge of the Sierra. This record of a general lack of paleo-relief across the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada is consistent with evidence presented elsewhere that there was not a significant topographic barrier between the Pacific Ocean and the interior of the continent east of the Sierra before ~ 2.6 Ma. However, these sediments do not record an integrated drainage system either to the east into the Great Basin like the modern Truckee River, or to the west across the Sierra like the ancestral Feather and Yuba rivers. The Neogene Reno-Verdi basin was one of several, scattered endorheic (i.e., internally drained) basins occupying this part of the Cascade intra-arc and back-arc area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00735.1","usgsCitation":"Trexler, J., Cashman, P., and Cosca, M., 2012, Constraints on the history and topography of the Northeastern Sierra Nevada from a Neogene sedimentary basin in the Reno-Verdi area, Western Nevada: Geosphere, v. 8, no. 3, p. 548-561, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00735.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"561","ipdsId":"IP-033513","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00735.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271330,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00735.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,35.0 ], [ -120.0,42.0 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -114.0,35.0 ], [ -120.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765be1e4b0f989f99e00a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trexler, James","contributorId":73484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia","contributorId":53676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, Michael 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":33043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005247,"text":"70005247 - 2012 - Evidence of late-summer mating readiness and early sexual maturation in migratory tree-roosting bats found dead at wind turbines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T10:00:55","indexId":"70005247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of late-summer mating readiness and early sexual maturation in migratory tree-roosting bats found dead at wind turbines","docAbstract":"Understanding animal mating systems is an important component of their conservation, yet the precise mating times for many species of bats are unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the details and timing of reproductive events in species of bats that die most frequently at wind turbines in North America, because such information can help inform conservation strategies. We examined the reproductive anatomy of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red bats (L. borealis), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) found dead beneath industrial-scale wind turbines to learn more about when they mate. We evaluated 103 L. cinereus, 18 L. borealis, and 47 Ln. noctivagans from wind energy facilities in the United States and Canada. Histological analysis revealed that most male L. cinereus and L. borealis, as well as over half the Ln. noctivagans examined had sperm in the caudae epididymides by late August, indicating readiness to mate. Testes regression in male hoary bats coincided with enlargement of seminal vesicles and apparent growth of keratinized spines on the glans penis. Seasonality of these processes also suggests that mating could occur during August in L. cinereus. Spermatozoa were found in the uterus of an adult female hoary bat collected in September, but not in any other females. Ovaries of all females sampled had growing secondary or tertiary follicles, indicating sexual maturity even in first-year females. Lasiurus cinereus, L. borealis, and Ln. noctivagans are the only North American temperate bats in which most first-year young of both sexes are known to sexually mature in their first autumn. Our findings provide the first detailed information published on the seasonal timing of mating readiness in these species most affected by wind turbines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0047586","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P., Jameson, J., Baerwald, E., Willis, C., Barclay, R., Snider, E., and Crichton, E., 2012, Evidence of late-summer mating readiness and early sexual maturation in migratory tree-roosting bats found dead at wind turbines: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 10, e47586; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047586.","productDescription":"e47586; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-032115","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269981,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047586"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,74.8 ], [ -52.2,74.8 ], [ -52.2,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171ede4b087909f0bbe98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, P.M.","contributorId":82635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, J.W.","contributorId":99443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baerwald, E.F.","contributorId":30886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baerwald","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, C.K.R.","contributorId":36434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"C.K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barclay, R.M.R.","contributorId":107943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"R.M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snider, E.A.","contributorId":63281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snider","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crichton, E.G.","contributorId":68620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crichton","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70044954,"text":"70044954 - 2012 - An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high-resolution ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T15:15:26.279372","indexId":"70044954","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high-resolution ICP-MS","docAbstract":"A hydrogeochemical study using high resolution ICP-MS was undertaken at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding mineral occurrences. Surface water and groundwater samples from regional background and the deposit area were collected at 168 sites. Rigorous quality control reveals impressive results at low nanogram per litre (ng/l) levels. Sites with pH values below 5.1 are from ponds in the Pebble West area, where sulphide-bearing rubble crop is thinly covered. Relative to other study area waters, anomalous concentrations of Cu, Cd, K, Ni, Re, the REE, Tl, SO42− and F− are present in water samples from Pebble West. Samples from circum-neutral waters at Pebble East and parts of Pebble West, where cover is much thicker, have anomalous concentrations of Ag, As, In, Mn, Mo, Sb, Th, U, V, and W. Low-level anomalous concentrations for most of these elements were also found in waters surrounding nearby porphyry and skarn mineral occurrences. Many of these elements are present in low ng/l concentration ranges and would not have been detected using traditional quadrupole ICP-MS. Hydrogeochemical exploration paired with high resolution ICP-MS is a powerful new tool in the search for concealed deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/11-RA-070","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Fey, D.L., Giles, S.A., Kelley, K., and Smith, S.M., 2012, An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high-resolution ICP-MS: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 12, no. 3, p. 211-226, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/11-RA-070.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-029509","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Pebble","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 59.70655581142613\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 59.70655581142613\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 60.343260013555195\n ],\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 60.343260013555195\n ],\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 59.70655581142613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e3e4b0b7010f82014e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044818,"text":"70044818 - 2012 - Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T14:53:13.071776","indexId":"70044818","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks","docAbstract":"The Blackbird district, east-central Idaho, contains the largest known Co reserves in the United States. The origin of strata-hosted Co-Cu ± Au mineralization at Blackbird has been a matter of controversy for decades. In order to differentiate among possible genetic models for the deposits, including various combinations of volcanic, sedimentary, magmatic, and metamorphic processes, we used U-Pb geochronology of xenotime, monazite, and zircon to establish time constraints for ore formation. New age data reported here were obtained using sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) microanalysis of (1) detrital zircons from a sample of Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic metasedimentary country rock in the Blackbird district, (2) igneous zircons from Mesoproterozoic intrusions, and (3) xenotime and monazite from the Merle and Sunshine prospects at Blackbird.
Detrital zircon from metasandstone of the biotite phyllite-schist unit has ages mostly in the range of 1900 to 1600 Ma, plus a few Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic grains. Age data for the six youngest grains form a coherent group at 1409 ± 10 Ma, regarded as the maximum age of deposition of metasedimentary country rocks of the central structural domain. Igneous zircons from nine samples of megacrystic granite, granite augen gneiss, and granodiorite augen gneiss that crop out north and east of the Blackbird district yield ages between 1383 ± 4 and 1359 ± 7 Ma. Emplacement of the Big Deer Creek megacrystic granite (1377 ± 4 Ma), structurally juxtaposed with host rocks in the Late Cretaceous ca. 5 km north of Blackbird, may have been involved in initial deposition of rare earth elements (REE) minerals and, possibly, sulfides.
In situ SHRIMP ages of xenotime and monazite in Co-rich samples from the Merle and Sunshine prospects, plus backscattered electron imagery and SHRIMP analyses of trace elements, indicate a complex sequence of Mesoproterozoic and Cretaceous events. On the basis of textural relationships observed in thin section, xeno-time and cobaltite formed during multiple episodes. The oldest age for xenotime (1370 ± 4 Ma), determined on oscillatory-zoned cores, may date the time of initial cobaltite formation, and provides a minimum age for the host metasedimentary rocks. Additional Proterozoic xenotime growth events occurred at 1315 to 1270 Ma and ca. 1050 Ma. Other xenotime grains and rims grew in conjunction with cobaltite during Cretaceous metamorphism. However, ages of these growth episodes cannot be precisely determined due to matrix effects on 206Pb/238U data for xenotime. Monazite, some of which encloses cobaltite, uniformly has Cretaceous ages that mainly are 110 ± 3 and 92 ± 5 Ma. These data indicate that xenotime, monazite, and cobaltite were extensively mobilized and precipitated during Middle to Late Cretaceous metamorphic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1143","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Slack, J.F., Lund, K., Evans, K.V., Fanning, C., Mazdab, F.K., Wooden, J., and Pillers, R.M., 2012, Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1143-1175, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1143.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1175","ipdsId":"IP-021616","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Blackbird District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.82635498046875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -114.20562744140625,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -114.20562744140625,\n 45.40037851725538\n ],\n [\n -114.82635498046875,\n 45.40037851725538\n ],\n [\n -114.82635498046875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765be1e4b0f989f99e00ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":46814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C. Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazdab, Frank K.","contributorId":37468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pillers, Renee M. 0000-0003-4929-1569 rpillers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-1569","contributorId":2501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillers","given":"Renee","email":"rpillers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043178,"text":"70043178 - 2012 - Identifying grasslands suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops in the Greater Platte River Basin: dynamic modeling of ecosystem performance with 250 m eMODIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T14:53:04","indexId":"70043178","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1718,"text":"GCB Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying grasslands suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops in the Greater Platte River Basin: dynamic modeling of ecosystem performance with 250 m eMODIS","docAbstract":"This study dynamically monitors ecosystem performance (EP) to identify grasslands potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops (e.g., switchgrass) within the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB). We computed grassland site potential and EP anomalies using 9-year (2000–2008) time series of 250 m expedited moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, geophysical and biophysical data, weather and climate data, and EP models. We hypothesize that areas with fairly consistent high grassland productivity (i.e., high grassland site potential) in fair to good range condition (i.e., persistent ecosystem overperformance or normal performance, indicating a lack of severe ecological disturbance) are potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock crop development. Unproductive (i.e., low grassland site potential) or degraded grasslands (i.e., persistent ecosystem underperformance with poor range condition) are not appropriate for cellulosic feedstock development. Grassland pixels with high or moderate ecosystem site potential and with more than 7 years ecosystem normal performance or overperformance during 2000–2008 are identified as possible regions for future cellulosic feedstock crop development (ca. 68 000 km2 within the GPRB, mostly in the eastern areas). Long-term climate conditions, elevation, soil organic carbon, and yearly seasonal precipitation and temperature are important performance variables to determine the suitable areas in this study. The final map delineating the suitable areas within the GPRB provides a new monitoring and modeling approach that can contribute to decision support tools to help land managers and decision makers make optimal land use decisions regarding cellulosic feedstock crop development and sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GCB Bioenergy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01113.x","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Boyte, S., Wylie, B.K., and Tieszen, L.L., 2012, Identifying grasslands suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops in the Greater Platte River Basin: dynamic modeling of ecosystem performance with 250 m eMODIS: GCB Bioenergy, v. 4, no. 1, p. 96-106, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01113.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-023332","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01113.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01113.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska;Wyoming;Colorado;Kansas;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Greater Platte River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.5 ], [ -109.0,44.0 ], [ -95.5,44.0 ], [ -95.5,37.5 ], [ -109.0,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05de6e4b030b519801227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":103539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043335,"text":"70043335 - 2012 - Discussion of “Deglacial paleoclimate in the southwestern United States: an abrupt 18.6 cold event and evidence for a North Atlantic forcing of Termination I” by M.S. Lachniet, Y. Asmerom and V. Polyak","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T15:26:36","indexId":"70043335","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of “Deglacial paleoclimate in the southwestern United States: an abrupt 18.6 cold event and evidence for a North Atlantic forcing of Termination I” by M.S. Lachniet, Y. Asmerom and V. Polyak","docAbstract":"Utilizing a stable isotopic time series obtained from a speleothem (PC-1), which grew between 20.1 and 15.6 ka, Lachniet, Asmeron and Polyak (2011; hereafter LAP) present evidence for a significant cold event in the southern Great Basin at 18.6 ka, a finding that we accept. Supplementing this short record with a literature review, they go on to claim, as their central thesis, that the paleoclimate of the southwestern US was driven by “the transmission of atmospheric anomalies to the southwest…that coincided with deglacial climate changes in Greenland and the North Atlantic region”, not by a “dominant Pacific Ocean SST control” as suggested by SST time series off California and by the Devils Hole δ18O time series from the southern Great Basin. We do not find their central thesis supportable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.005","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., 2012, Discussion of “Deglacial paleoclimate in the southwestern United States: an abrupt 18.6 cold event and evidence for a North Atlantic forcing of Termination I” by M.S. Lachniet, Y. Asmerom and V. Polyak: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 45, p. 126-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.005.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"128","ipdsId":"IP-037233","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271495,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.005"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.5,18.9 ], [ -125.5,49.0 ], [ -70.0,49.0 ], [ -70.0,18.9 ], [ -125.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506be4b072c16ef14b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044367,"text":"70044367 - 2012 - Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T19:16:43","indexId":"70044367","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 23 August 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake (Mw 5.8) was the largest to strike the eastern U.S. since 1897 and was felt over an extraordinarily large area. Although no large landslides occurred, the shaking did trigger many rock and soil falls from steep river banks and natural cliffs in the epicentral area and from steep road cuts along, and northwest of, the Blue Ridge Parkway. We mapped the occurrence of rock falls to determine distance limits that could be compared with those from other documented earthquakes. Studies of previous earthquakes indicated a maximum epicentral distance limit for landsliding of ~60 km for an M 5.8 earthquake; the maximum distance limit for the 2011 earthquake was 245 km, the largest exceedance of the historical limit ever recorded. Likewise, the previous maximum area affected by landslides for this magnitude was 1500 km2; the area affected by landslides in the 2011 earthquake was 33,400 km2. These observations provide physical evidence that attenuation of strong shaking for eastern U.S. earthquakes is significantly lower than for plate‐boundary earthquakes. Also, distance limits parallel to the regional structural trend are greater than those that transect the structure, which suggests anisotropic attenuation related to the regional geologic structure. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the landslide distance limits is estimated to have been about 0.02–0.04g.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120120055","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Harp, E.L., 2012, Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2368-2377, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120055.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2368","endPage":"2377","ipdsId":"IP-038413","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268728,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120055"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.919642,37.998906 ], [ -77.919642,38.015615 ], [ -77.890737,38.015615 ], [ -77.890737,37.998906 ], [ -77.919642,37.998906 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135d077e4b03b8ec4025b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043437,"text":"70043437 - 2012 - Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T18:02:20.761588","indexId":"70043437","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","docAbstract":"Nature-like fishways have been designed with the intent to reconnect river corridors and provide passage for all species occurring in a system. The approach is gaining popularity both in Europe and North America, but performance of these designs has not been quantitatively evaluated in a field setting for any North American species. Two nature-like fishways and three technical fishways in New England were evaluated for passage of anadromous adult alewives Alosa pseudoharengus by using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry. A perturbation boulder rock ramp (32 m long; 4.2% slope) constructed in Town Brook (Plymouth, Massachusetts) passed 94% of the fish that made passage attempts, with most fish ascending the ramp in less than 22 min. In the East River (Guilford, Connecticut), a step-pool bypass design (48 m long; 7.1% slope) passed only 40% of attempting fish, with a median transit time of 75 min. In Town Brook, a technical pool-and-weir fishway (14 m long; 14.3% slope) exhibited poor entry and poor passage for the fish. In contrast, in the East River, two technical steeppass fishways (3 m long; 29.6% and 9.6% slopes) passed the majority of available fish, although one of these steeppass fishways may have lacked sufficient flow to attract fish to the entrance. In both Town Brook and the East River, tagged fish passed rapidly downstream through all fishways after spawning. In the East River, the amount of time fish spent in the spawning habitat before migrating downstream ranged from 1 to 41 d. These studies demonstrate that some nature-like and technical fishway designs can effectively facilitate passage of alewives, but a fishway's location in relation to a spillway is important, and further evaluations are required to more precisely identify the influence of the vertical drop per pool and the specific local hydraulics on alewife behaviors and passage performance.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.683469","usgsCitation":"Franklin, A.E., Haro, A., Castro-Santos, T.R., and Noreika, J., 2012, Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 3, p. 624-637, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.683469.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-014329","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.95 ], [ -73.73,47.46 ], [ -66.89,47.46 ], [ -66.89,40.95 ], [ -73.73,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e33e4b0c89b8f120e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, Abigail E.","contributorId":46864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alex 0000-0002-7188-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":37223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noreika, John","contributorId":27774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043561,"text":"70043561 - 2012 - Passage of American shad: paradigms and realities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T19:39:10","indexId":"70043561","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passage of American shad: paradigms and realities","docAbstract":"Despite more than 250 years of development, the passage of American shad Alosa sapidissima at dams and other barriers frequently remains problematic. Few improvements in design based on knowledge of the swimming, schooling, and migratory behaviors of American shad have been incorporated into passage structures. Large-scale technical fishways designed for the passage of adult salmonids on the Columbia River have been presumed to have good performance for American shad but have never been rigorously evaluated for this species. Similar but smaller fishway designs on the East Coast frequently have poor performance. Provision of effective downstream passage for both juvenile and postspawning adult American shad has been given little consideration in most passage projects. Ways to attract and guide American shad to both fishway entrances and downstream bypasses remain marginally understood. The historical development of passage structures for American shad has resulted in assumptions and paradigms about American shad behavior and passage that are frequently unsubstantiated by supporting data or appropriate experimentation. We propose that many of these assumptions and paradigms are either unfounded or invalid and that significant improvements to American shad upstream and downstream passage can be made via a sequential program of behavioral experimentation, application of experimental results to the physical and hydraulic design of new structures, and controlled tests of large-scale prototype structures in the laboratory and field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2012.675975","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., and Castro-Santos, T., 2012, Passage of American shad: paradigms and realities: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 252-261, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675975.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"261","ipdsId":"IP-037072","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675975","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268730,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675975"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135d08ee4b03b8ec4025b97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, Alex 0000-0002-7188-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":37223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore 0000-0003-2575-9120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":32573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044298,"text":"70044298 - 2012 - Fold-to-fault progression of a major thrust zone revealed in horses of the North Mountain fault zone, Virginia and West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T15:44:43","indexId":"70044298","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2308,"text":"Journal of Geological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fold-to-fault progression of a major thrust zone revealed in horses of the North Mountain fault zone, Virginia and West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"The method of emplacement and sequential deformation of major thrust zones may be deciphered by detailed geologic mapping of these important structures. Thrust fault zones may have added complexity when horse blocks are contained within them. However, these horses can be an important indicator of the fault development holding information on fault-propagation folding or fold-to-fault progression. The North Mountain fault zone of the Central Appalachians, USA, was studied in order to better understand the relationships of horse blocks to hanging wall and footwall structures. The North Mountain fault zone in northwestern Virginia and eastern panhandle of West Virginia is the Late Mississippian to Permian Alleghanian structure that developed after regional-scale folding. Evidence for this deformation sequence is a consistent progression of right-side up to overturned strata in horses within the fault zone. Rocks on the southeast side (hinterland) of the zone are almost exclusively right-side up, whereas rocks on the northwest side (foreland) of the zone are almost exclusively overturned. This suggests that the fault zone developed along the overturned southeast limb of a syncline to the northwest and the adjacent upright limb of a faulted anticline to the southeast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geological Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","doi":"10.1155/2012/294093","usgsCitation":"Orndorff, R.C., 2012, Fold-to-fault progression of a major thrust zone revealed in horses of the North Mountain fault zone, Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Journal of Geological Research, v. 2012, 294093; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/294093.","productDescription":"294093; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-027226","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/294093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272769,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/294093"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"North Mountain Fault Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.68,36.54 ], [ -83.68,40.6 ], [ -75.24,40.6 ], [ -75.24,36.54 ], [ -83.68,36.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519f3a64e4b0687ba0506baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173739,"text":"70173739 - 2012 - Capture and reproductive trends in summer bat communities in West Virginia: Assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T14:17:28","indexId":"70173739","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture and reproductive trends in summer bat communities in West Virginia: Assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome","docAbstract":"Although it has been widely documented that populations of cave-roosting bats rapidly decline following the arrival of white-nose syndrome (WNS), longer term reproductive effects are less well-known and essentially unexplored at the community scale. In West Virginia, WNS was first detected in the eastern portion of the state in 2009 and winter mortality was documented in 2009 and 2010. However, quantitative impacts on summer bat communities remained unknown. We compared “historical” (pre-WNS) capture records and reproductive rates from 11,734 bats captured during summer (15 May to 15 August) of 1997–2008 and 1,304 captures during 2010. We predicted that capture rates (number of individuals captured/net-night) would decrease in 2010. We also expected the energetic strain of WNS would cause delayed or reduced reproduction, as denoted by a greater proportion of pregnant or lactating females later in the summer and a lower relative proportion of juvenile captures in the mid–late summer. We found a dramatic decline in capture rates of little brown Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared M. septentrionalis, small-footed M. leibii, Indiana M. sodalis, tri-colored Perimyotis subflavus, and hoary Lasiurus cinereus bats after detection of WNS in 2009. For these six species, 2010 capture rates were 10–37% of pre-WNS rates. Conversely, capture rates of big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus increased by 17% in 2010, whereas capture rates of eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis did not change. Together, big brown and eastern red bats were 58% of all 2010 captures but only 11% of pre-WNS captures. Reproductive data from 12,314 bats showed shifts in pregnancy and lactation dates, and an overall narrowing in the windows of time of each reproductive event, for northern-long-eared and little brown bats. Additionally, the proportion of juvenile captures declined in 2010 for these species. In contrast, lactation and pregnancy rates of big brown and eastern red bats, and the proportion of juveniles, were similar to historical patterns. Our results further elucidate the significance of short-term effects and provide a basis to examine long-term consequences of WNS.
","language":"English","publisher":"FWS Publications","doi":"10.3996/062011-JFWM-039","usgsCitation":"Francl, K.E., Ford, W.M., Sparks, D.W., and Brack, V., 2012, Capture and reproductive trends in summer bat communities in West Virginia: Assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 33-42, https://doi.org/10.3996/062011-JFWM-039.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030616","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/062011-jfwm-039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575941c3e4b04f417c2567b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francl, Karen E.","contributorId":171600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francl","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparks, Dale W.","contributorId":171601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brack, Virgil Jr","contributorId":171602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brack","given":"Virgil","suffix":"Jr","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044143,"text":"70044143 - 2012 - Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T15:10:24.465116","indexId":"70044143","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T09:55:13","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for fieldtrips in Connecticut and Massachusetts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geological Society of America Meeting 2012: Northeast Section. 47th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Mar 17-20, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Hartford, CT","language":"English","publisher":"State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Wintsch, R.P., 2012, Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome, in Guidebook for fieldtrips in Connecticut and Massachusetts, Hartford, CT, Mar 17-20, 2012, p. D1-D16.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"D1","endPage":"D16","ipdsId":"IP-034720","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Geology/Guidebooks","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Lyme dome, Old Lyme quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.375,\n 41.375\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -72.15,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -72.15,\n 41.375\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 41.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wintsch, Robert P.","contributorId":39807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintsch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193381,"text":"70193381 - 2012 - Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T13:26:33","indexId":"70193381","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distributional changes of American martens and fishers in eastern North America, 1699-2001: Chapter 4","docAbstract":"Contractions in the geographic distributions of the American marten ( Martes americana) and fi sher ( M. pennanti) in eastern North America south of the St. Lawrence River between Colonial times (ca. 1650–1800) and the fi sher’s recent range expansion (ca. 1930–present) are well documented, but causal factors in these range contractions have only partially been studied. Traditional explanations for range contractions by both species are forest clearing and unregulated trapping; little consideration has been given to alternative explanations. It has been hypothesized that deep snow limits the distribution of fi shers, and that high fi sher populations limit the distribution of martens. I assessed the potential contributions of these factors to observed range contractions for these species by evaluating expected patterns of change in their historical distributions since Colonial times. Using published data on the distribution of martens and fi shers in eastern North America, including early and contemporary fur-harvest records ( n = 60,702), I found that broad-scale changes in their geographic distributions in eastern North America were consistent with 3 of those expectations, and partially so with a 4th. I recognize that retrospective analyses cannot establish the relative importance of land clearing, unregulated trapping, and changing climatic conditions on observed range contractions; nevertheless, when historical data from eastern North America are viewed in the context of long-term climate warming and the results of recent ecological studies, they suggest that traditional arguments may only partially explain historical range contractions for both species. This study further suggests that under a warming climate, northern range boundaries for the fi sher will expand, and southern range boundaries for the American marten will continue to contract.
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