{"pageNumber":"1620","pageRowStart":"40475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184597,"records":[{"id":70043123,"text":"70043123 - 2012 - Inland fields of dispersed cobbles and boulders as evidence for a tsunami on Anegada, British Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:06:03","indexId":"70043123","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inland fields of dispersed cobbles and boulders as evidence for a tsunami on Anegada, British Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Marine overwash from the north a few centuries ago transported hundreds of angular cobbles and boulders tens to hundreds of meters southward from limestone outcrops in the interior of Anegada, 140 km east–northeast of Puerto Rico. We examined two of several cobble and boulder fields as part of an effort to interpret whether the overwash resulted from a tsunami or a storm in a location where both events are known to occur. One of the cobble and boulder field extends 200 m southward from limestone outcrops that are 300 m inland from the island’s north shore. The other field extends 100 m southward from a limestone knoll located 800 m from the nearest shore. In the two fields, we measured the size, orientation, and spatial distribution of a total of 161 clasts and determined their stratigraphic positions with respect to an overwash sand and shell sheet deposit. In both fields, we found the spacing between clasts increased southward and that clast long-axis orientations are consistent with a transport trending north–south. Almost half the clasts are partially buried in a landward thinning and fining overwash sand and none were found embedded in the shelly mud of a pre-overwash marine pond. The two cobble and boulder fields resemble modern tsunami deposits in which dispersed clasts extend inland as a single layer. The fields contrast with coarse clast storm deposits that often form wedge-shaped shore-parallel ridges. These comparisons suggest that the overwash resulted from a tsunami and not from a storm.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-011-9848-y","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., Watt, S., and Buckley, M., 2012, Inland fields of dispersed cobbles and boulders as evidence for a tsunami on Anegada, British Virgin Islands: Natural Hazards, v. 63, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9848-y.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","ipdsId":"IP-023899","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267976,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9848-y"}],"country":"British Virgin Islands","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f32ee4b04edf7e93f8f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, Steve swatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Steve","email":"swatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, Mark","contributorId":6695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178104,"text":"70178104 - 2012 - The effects of drought and disturbance on the growth and developmental instability of loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T14:40:03","indexId":"70178104","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of drought and disturbance on the growth and developmental instability of loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecological indicators provide early warning of adverse environmental change, helping land managers adaptively manage their resources while minimizing costly remediation. In 1999 and 2000, we studied two such indicators, growth and developmental instability, of loblolly pine (</span><i>Pinus taeda</i><span> L.) influenced by mechanized infantry training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Disturbed areas were used for military training; tracked and wheeled vehicles damaged vegetation and soils. Highly disturbed sites had fewer trees, diminished ground cover, warmer soils in the summer, and more compacted soils with a shallower A-horizon. We hypothesized that disturbance would decrease the growth of needles, branches, and tree rings, increase the complexity of tree rings, and increase the developmental instability of needles. Contrary to our expectations, however, disturbance enhanced growth in the first year of the study, possibly by reducing competition. In the second year, a drought reduced growth of branches and needles, eliminating the stimulatory effect of disturbance. Growth-ring widths increased with growing-season precipitation, and decreased with growing-season temperature over the last 40 years. Disturbance had no effect on tree-ring complexity, as measured by the Hurst exponent. Within-fascicle variation of current-year needle length, a measure of developmental instability, differed among the study populations, but appeared unrelated to mechanical disturbance or drought.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.007","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.H., Duda, J.J., Brown, M.L., Kitchen, S.G., Emlen, J.M., Malol, J., Bankstahl, E., Krzysik, A.J., Balbach, H.E., and Freeman, D.C., 2012, The effects of drought and disturbance on the growth and developmental instability of loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.): Ecological Indicators, v. 20, p. 143-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb65e4b0bb36a4ca664d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, John H.","contributorId":19861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Michelle L.","contributorId":168990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kitchen, Stanley G.","contributorId":60530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchen","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malol, Jagadish","contributorId":176562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malol","given":"Jagadish","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bankstahl, Elizabeth","contributorId":176563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bankstahl","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krzysik, Anthony J.","contributorId":168925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krzysik","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Balbach, Harold E.","contributorId":169120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balbach","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Freeman, D. Carl","contributorId":31599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70039801,"text":"fs20123105 - 2012 - A climate trend analysis of Mali","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-05T01:01:46","indexId":"fs20123105","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3105","subseriesTitle":"Informing Climate Change Adaptation Series","title":"A climate trend analysis of Mali","docAbstract":"This brief report, drawing from a multi-year effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), identifies modest declines in rainfall, accompanied by increases in air temperatures. These analyses are based on quality-controlled station observations. Conclusions: * Summer rains have remained relatively steady for the past 20 years, but are 12 percent below the 1920-1969 average. * Temperatures have increased by 0.8&deg; Celsius since 1975, amplifying the effect of droughts. * Cereal yields are low but have been improving. * Current population and agricultural trends indicate that increased yields have offset population expansion, keeping per capita cereal production steady.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123105","collaboration":"Famine Early Warning Systems Network&ndash;Informing Climate Change Adaptation Series","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Rowland, J., Adoum, A., Eilerts, G., and White, L., 2012, A climate trend analysis of Mali: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3105, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123105.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3105.gif"},{"id":260118,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3105/fs2012-3105.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mali","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4988e4b0b290850ef410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Jim 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":22891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adoum, Alkhalil","contributorId":59670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adoum","given":"Alkhalil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Libby","contributorId":61680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Libby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043930,"text":"70043930 - 2012 - Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:13:32","indexId":"70043930","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs","docAbstract":"Well-functioning food webs are fundamental for sustaining rivers as ecosystems and maintaining associated aquatic and terrestrial communities. The current emphasis on restoring habitat structure—without explicitly considering food webs—has been less successful than hoped in terms of enhancing the status of targeted species and often overlooks important constraints on ecologically effective restoration. We identify three priority food web-related issues that potentially impede successful river restoration: uncertainty about habitat carrying capacity, proliferation of chemicals and contaminants, and emergence of hybrid food webs containing a mixture of native and invasive species. Additionally, there is the need to place these food web considerations in a broad temporal and spatial framework by understanding the consequences of altered nutrient, organic matter (energy), water, and thermal sources and flows, reconnecting critical habitats and their food webs, and restoring for changing environments. As an illustration, we discuss how the Columbia River Basin, site of one of the largest aquatic/riparian restoration programs in the United States, would benefit from implementing a food web perspective. A food web perspective for the Columbia River would complement ongoing approaches and enhance the ability to meet the vision and legal obligations of the US Endangered Species Act, the Northwest Power Act (Fish and Wildlife Program), and federal treaties with Northwest Indian Tribes while meeting fundamental needs for improved river management.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1213408109","usgsCitation":"Naiman, R.J., Alldredge, R., Beauchamp, D.A., Bisson, P.A., Congleton, J., Henny, C.J., Huntly, N., Lamberson, R., Levings, C., Merrill, E.N., Pearcy, W.G., Rieman, B.E., Ruggerone, G.T., Scarnecchia, D., Smouse, P.E., and Wood, C., 2012, Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 109, no. 52, p. 21201-21207, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213408109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21201","endPage":"21207","ipdsId":"IP-037975","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213408109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268013,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213408109"}],"volume":"109","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f31be4b04edf7e93f888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naiman, Robert J.","contributorId":51147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alldredge, Richard","contributorId":97792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bisson, Peter A.","contributorId":96143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Congleton, James","contributorId":100239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congleton","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huntly, Nancy","contributorId":108359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntly","given":"Nancy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lamberson, Roland","contributorId":32027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberson","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Levings, Colin","contributorId":69409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"Colin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Merrill, Erik N.","contributorId":35615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pearcy, William G.","contributorId":45602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearcy","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rieman, Bruce E.","contributorId":107420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ruggerone, Gregory T.","contributorId":48068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Scarnecchia, Dennis","contributorId":55260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarnecchia","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smouse, Peter E.","contributorId":61312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smouse","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wood, Chris C.","contributorId":19023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Chris C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70155367,"text":"70155367 - 2012 - Assessing the impacts of river regulation on native bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>) and westslope cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>) habitats in the upper Flathead River, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T11:26:32","indexId":"70155367","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impacts of river regulation on native bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>) and westslope cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>) habitats in the upper Flathead River, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Hungry Horse Dam on the South Fork Flathead River, Montana, USA, has modified the natural flow regimen for power generation, flood risk management and flow augmentation for anadromous fish recovery in the Columbia River. Concern over the detrimental effects of dam operations on native resident fishes prompted research to quantify the impacts of alternative flow management strategies on threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) habitats. Seasonal and life‐stage specific habitat suitability criteria were combined with a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic habitat model to assess discharge effects on usable habitats. Telemetry data used to construct seasonal habitat suitability curves revealed that subadult (fish that emigrated from natal streams to the river system) bull trout move to shallow, low‐velocity shoreline areas at night, which are most sensitive to flow fluctuations. Habitat time series analyses comparing the natural flow regimen (predam, 1929&ndash;1952) with five postdam flow management strategies (1953&ndash;2008) show that the natural flow conditions optimize the critical bull trout habitats and that the current strategy best resembles the natural flow conditions of all postdam periods. Late summer flow augmentation for anadromous fish recovery, however, produces higher discharges than predam conditions, which reduces the availability of usable habitat during this critical growing season. Our results suggest that past flow management policies that created sporadic streamflow fluctuations were likely detrimental to resident salmonids and that natural flow management strategies will likely improve the chances of protecting key ecosystem processes and help to maintain and restore threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout populations in the upper Columbia River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1494","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Jones, L.A., Kotter, D., Miller, W.J., Geise, D., Tohtz, J., and Marotz, B., 2012, Assessing the impacts of river regulation on native bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>) and westslope cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>) habitats in the upper Flathead River, Montana, USA: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 7, p. 940-959, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1494.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"940","endPage":"959","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020089","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.2962646484375,\n              48.06890293081563\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2962646484375,\n              48.47565256743914\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.005126953125,\n              48.47565256743914\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.005126953125,\n              48.06890293081563\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2962646484375,\n              48.06890293081563\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572ce4b0518e354694a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotter, D.","contributorId":146607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kotter","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, William J.","contributorId":145886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16282,"text":"Miller Ecological Consultants","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geise, Doran","contributorId":145883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geise","given":"Doran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16280,"text":"Spatial Sciences & Imaging","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tohtz, Joel","contributorId":145884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tohtz","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16269,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marotz, Brian","contributorId":145860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marotz","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16269,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70039766,"text":"ds702 - 2012 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter-outer mainland shelf, eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-31T01:01:45","indexId":"ds702","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-31T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"702","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter-outer mainland shelf, eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California","docAbstract":"In 2010 and 2011, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from the outer shelf region of the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California. These surveys were conducted in cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). BOEM is interested in maps of hard-bottom substrates, particularly natural outcrops that support reef communities in areas near oil and gas extraction activity. The surveys were conducted using the USGS R/V Parke Snavely, outfitted with an interferometric sidescan sonar for swath mapping and real-time kinematic navigation equipment. This report provides the bathymetry and backscatter data acquired during these surveys in several formats, a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds702","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Finlayson, D.P., Ritchie, A.C., Cochrane, G.R., and Erdey, M.D., 2012, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter-outer mainland shelf, eastern Santa Barbara Channel, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 702, ii, 6 p.; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds702.","productDescription":"ii, 6 p.; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_702.gif"},{"id":260032,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/702/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/702/ds702_report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Carpinteria;Santa Barbara;Ventura","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,34 ], [ -120.5,34.5 ], [ -119.16666666666667,34.5 ], [ -119.16666666666667,34 ], [ -120.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f015e4b0c8380cd4a5b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005018,"text":"70005018 - 2012 - Comparison of three methods for long-term monitoring of boreal lake area using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T13:19:56.447766","indexId":"70005018","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of three methods for long-term monitoring of boreal lake area using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery","docAbstract":"Programs to monitor lake area change are becoming increasingly important in high latitude regions, and their development often requires evaluating tradeoffs among different approaches in terms of accuracy of measurement, consistency across multiple users over long time periods, and efficiency. We compared three supervised methods for lake classification from Landsat imagery (density slicing, classification trees, and feature extraction). The accuracy of lake area and number estimates was evaluated relative to high-resolution aerial photography acquired within two days of satellite overpasses. The shortwave infrared band 5 was better at separating surface water from nonwater when used alone than when combined with other spectral bands. The simplest of the three methods, density slicing, performed best overall. The classification tree method resulted in the most omission errors (approx. 2x), feature extraction resulted in the most commission errors (approx. 4x), and density slicing had the least directional bias (approx. half of the lakes with overestimated area and half of the lakes with underestimated area). Feature extraction was the least consistent across training sets (i.e., large standard error among different training sets). Density slicing was the best of the three at classifying small lakes as evidenced by its lower optimal minimum lake size criterion of 5850 m<sup>2</sup> compared with the other methods (8550 m<sup>2</sup>). Contrary to conventional wisdom, the use of additional spectral bands and a more sophisticated method not only required additional processing effort but also had a cost in terms of the accuracy and consistency of lake classifications.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","publisherLocation":"Kanata, Ontario","doi":"10.5589/m12-035","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., Griffith, B., and Verbyla, D., 2012, Comparison of three methods for long-term monitoring of boreal lake area using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 38, no. 4, p. 427-440, https://doi.org/10.5589/m12-035.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"440","ipdsId":"IP-031187","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.5589/m12-035","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b2e4b0c8380cd4d232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, Jennifer K.","contributorId":30861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Jennifer K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David","contributorId":87795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039765,"text":"sir20125128 - 2012 - Surface-water salinity in the Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, water years 1989 through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-01T01:01:51","indexId":"sir20125128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5128","title":"Surface-water salinity in the Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, water years 1989 through 2007","docAbstract":"Elevated levels of dissolved solids in water (salinity) can result in numerous and costly issues for agricultural, industrial, and municipal water users. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-320) authorized planning and construction of salinity-control projects in the Colorado River Basin. One of the first projects was the Lower Gunnison Unit, a project to mitigate salinity in the Lower Gunnison and Uncompahgre River Basins. In cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study to quantify changes in salinity in the Gunnison River Basin. Trends in salinity concentration and load during the period water years (WY) 1989 through 2004 (1989-2004) were determined for 15 selected streamflow-gaging stations in the Gunnison River Basin. Additionally, trends in salinity concentration and load during the period WY1989 through 2007 (1989-2007) were determined for 5 of the 15 sites for which sufficient data were available. Trend results also were used to identify regions in the Lower Gunnison River Basin (downstream from the Gunnison Tunnel) where the largest changes in salinity loads occur. Additional sources of salinity, including residential development (urbanization), changes in land cover, and natural sources, were estimated within the context of the trend results. The trend results and salinity loads estimated from trends testing also were compared to USBR and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) estimates of off-farm and on-farm salinity reduction from salinity-control projects in the basin. Finally, salinity from six additional sites in basins that are not affected by irrigated agriculture or urbanization was monitored from WY 2008 to 2010 to quantify what portion of salinity may be from nonagricultural or natural sources. In the Upper Gunnison area, which refers to Gunnison River Basin above the site located on the Gunnison River below the Gunnison Tunnel, estimated mean annual salinity load was 110,000 tons during WY 1989-2004. Analysis of both study periods (WY 1989-2004 and WY 1989-2007) showed an initial decrease in salinity load with a minimum in 1997. The net change over either study period was only significant during WY 1989-2007. Salinity load significantly decreased at the Gunnison River near Delta by 179,000 tons during WY 1989-2004. Just downstream, the Uncompahgre River enters the Gunnison River where there also was a highly significant decrease in salinity load of 55,500 tons. The site that is located at the mouth of the study area is the Gunnison River near Grand Junction where the decrease was the largest. Salinity loads decreased by 247,000 tons during WY 1989-2004 at this site though the decrease attenuated by 2007 and the net change was a decrease of 207,000 tons. The trend results presented in this study indicate that the effect of urbanization on salinity loads is difficult to discern from the effects of irrigated agriculture and that natural sources contribute a fraction of the total salinity load for the entire basin. Based on the calculated yields and geology, 23-63 percent of the estimated annual salinity load was from natural sources at the Gunnison River near Grand Junction during WY 1989-2007. The largest changes in salinity load occurred at the Gunnison River near Grand Junction as well as the two sites located in Delta: the Gunnison River at Delta and the Uncompahgre River at Delta. Those three sites, especially the two sites at Delta, were the most affected by irrigated agriculture, which was observed in the estimated mean annual loads. Irrigated acreage, especially acreage underlain by Mancos Shale, is the target of salinity-control projects intended to decrease salinity loads. The NRCS and the USBR have done the majority of salinity control work in the Lower Gunnison area of the Gunnison River Basin, and the focus has been in the Uncompahgre River Basin and in portions of the Lower Gunnison River Basin (downstream from the Gunnison Tunnel). According to the estimates from the USBR and NRCS, salinity-control projects may be responsible for a reduction of 117,300 tons of salinity as of 2004 and 142,000 tons as of 2007 at the Gunnison River near Grand Junction, Colo. (streamflow-gaging station 09152500). USBR and NRCS estimates account for all but 130,000 tons in 2004 and 65,000 tons in 2007 of salinity load reduction. The additional reduction could be a reduction in natural salt loading to the streams because of land-cover changes during the study period. It is possible also that the USBR and NRCS have underestimated changes in salinity loads as a result of the implementation of salinity-control projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125128","usgsCitation":"Schaffrath, K.R., 2012, Surface-water salinity in the Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, water years 1989 through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5128, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125128.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012-5128.gif"},{"id":260030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5128/SIR12-5128.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2000000","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,37.5 ], [ -109.5,39.5 ], [ -106.5,39.5 ], [ -106.5,37.5 ], [ -109.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba19fe4b08c986b31f1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039773,"text":"70039773 - 2012 - Combining satellite-based fire observations and ground-based lightning detections to identify lightning fires across the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T14:50:17","indexId":"70039773","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining satellite-based fire observations and ground-based lightning detections to identify lightning fires across the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"Lightning fires are a common natural disturbance in North America, and account for the largest proportion of the area burned by wildfires each year. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns of lightning fires in the conterminous US are not well understood due to limitations of existing fire databases. Our goal here was to develop and test an algorithm that combined MODIS fire detections with lightning detections from the National Lightning Detection Network to identify lightning fires across the conterminous US from 2000 to 2008. The algorithm searches for spatiotemporal conjunctions of MODIS fire clusters and NLDN detected lightning strikes, given a spatiotemporal lag between lightning strike and fire ignition. The algorithm revealed distinctive spatial patterns of lightning fires in the conterminous US While a sensitivity analysis revealed that the algorithm is highly sensitive to the two thresholds that are used to determine conjunction, the density of fires it detected was moderately correlated with ground based fire records. When only fires larger than 0.4 km<sup>2</sup> were considered, correlations were higher and the root-mean-square error between datasets was less than five fires per 625 km<sup>2</sup> for the entire study period. Our algorithm is thus suitable for detecting broad scale spatial patterns of lightning fire occurrence, and especially lightning fire hotspots, but has limited detection capability of smaller fires because these cannot be consistently detected by MODIS. These results may enhance our understanding of large scale patterns of lightning fire activity, and can be used to identify the broad scale factors controlling fire occurrence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2193665","usgsCitation":"Bar-Massada, A., Hawbaker, T., Stewart, S.I., and Radeloff, V.C., 2012, Combining satellite-based fire observations and ground-based lightning detections to identify lightning fires across the conterminous USA: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 5, p. 1438-1447, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2193665.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1438","endPage":"1447","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2193665","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e1e4b0c8380cd4cd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bar-Massada, A.","contributorId":7524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bar-Massada","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawbaker, T. J.","contributorId":98118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039764,"text":"sir20125185 - 2012 - Flux of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment from the Susquehanna River Basin to the Chesapeake Bay during Tropical Storm Lee, September 2011, as an indicator of the effects of reservoir sedimentation on water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-04T17:16:10","indexId":"sir20125185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5185","title":"Flux of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment from the Susquehanna River Basin to the Chesapeake Bay during Tropical Storm Lee, September 2011, as an indicator of the effects of reservoir sedimentation on water quality","docAbstract":"Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment are measured at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgage at Conowingo Dam at the downstream end of the Susquehanna River Basin in Maryland, where the river flows into the Chesapeake Bay. During the period September 7-15, 2011, in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Lee, concentrations of these three constituents were among the highest ever measured at this site. These measurements indicate that sediment-storage processes behind the three dams on the lower Susquehanna River are evolving. In particular, they indicate that scouring of sediment (and the nitrogen and phosphorus attached to that sediment) may be increasing with time. Trends in flow-normalized fluxes at the Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Maryland, streamgage during 1996-2011 indicate a 3.2-percent decrease in total nitrogen, but a 55-percent increase in total phosphorus and a 97-percent increase in suspended sediment. These large increases in the flux of phosphorus and sediment from the Susquehanna River to the Chesapeake Bay have occurred despite reductions in the fluxes of these constituents from the Susquehanna River watershed upstream from the reservoirs. Although the Tropical Storm Lee flood event contributed about 1.8 percent of the total streamflow from the Susquehanna River to the Chesapeake Bay over the past decade (water years 2002-11), it contributed about 5 percent of the nitrogen, 22 percent of the phosphorus, and 39 percent of the suspended sediment during the same period. These results highlight the importance of brief high-flow events in releasing nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment derived from the Susquehanna River watershed and stored in the Conowingo Reservoir to the Chesapeake Bay.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125185","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 2012, Flux of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment from the Susquehanna River Basin to the Chesapeake Bay during Tropical Storm Lee, September 2011, as an indicator of the effects of reservoir sedimentation on water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5185, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125185.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5185.gif"},{"id":260029,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5185/pdf/sir2012-5185-508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260028,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Maryl;New York;Pennsylvania;Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay Basin;Conowingo Dam;Holtwood Dam;Safe Harbor Dam;Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.25,36.75 ], [ -80.25,43 ], [ -74.75,43 ], [ -74.75,36.75 ], [ -80.25,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a7e4b0c8380cd543b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040354,"text":"70040354 - 2012 - Status and limiting factors of two rare plant species in dry montane communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:43:14","indexId":"70040354","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-030","title":"Status and limiting factors of two rare plant species in dry montane communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.","docAbstract":"<p>Two rare plants native to montane dry forests and woodland communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) were studied for more than two years to determine their stand structure, short-term mortality rates, patterns of reproductive phenology, success of fruit production, floral visitor composition, seed germination rates in the greenhouse, and survival of both natural and planted seedlings. <i>Phyllostegia stachyoides</i>, a shrubby Hawaiian mint (Lamiaceae) that is a species of concern, was studied within two small kīpuka at a natural population on the park&rsquo;s Mauna Loa Strip, and three plantings at sites along the Mauna Loa Road were also monitored.<i> Silene hawaiiensis</i>, a threatened shrub species in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), was monitored at two natural populations, one on Mauna Loa at the Three Trees Kīpuka and the second on Kīlauea Crater Rim south of Halema`uma`u. Silene hawaiiensis plantings were also made inside and outside ungulate exclosures at the park&rsquo;s Kahuku Unit</p>\n<p><i>Phyllostegia stachyoides</i> appeared to have a relatively stable natural population in HAVO with approximately 19% adult plant mortality over three years and recruitment of natural seedlings. Despite high mortality (~98%), some seedlings persisted for more than a year, and recruitment of new plants into the population exceeded the losses of adult plants. Flowering and fruiting phenology was annual and seasonal with peak appearance of buds and flowers in spring and greatest abundance of mature fruit in the summer and fall. Successful production of green fruit from buds and flowers was very high (45%), and green fruit transitioned to mature fruit at a rate of 17.8%. Five insect species were observed visiting flowers, and those with the greatest visitation rates were the alien hover fly <i>Allograpta obliqua</i> (Syrphidae) and the endemic yellowfaced bee <i>Hylaeus difficilis</i> (Colletidae). Both insect species were shown to be carrying pollen of <i>P. stachyoides</i>. Seed germination rates in the greenhouse were variable but ranged as high as 80.4%. Mortality of seedlings planted at three sites along the Mauna Loa Road was very high (~90%) within 2&ndash;3 years of planting. There was no significant difference in the mortality or growth of seedlings planted in areas with little grass compared to those in adjacent areas with high grass cover.</p>\n<p><i>Silene hawaiiensis</i> had a stable population structure at the Mauna Loa study area, but its population structure at the Kīlauea study site was flat to declining. Mortality of adult plants was low on Mauna Loa (6.5%), but was greater than 30% at the Kīlauea Crater Rim site. Among regularly monitored plants at the Kīlauea site, losses were observed in all size classes between 2006 and 2008. Natural seedling recruitment was observed in stand structure plots at both sites between 2006 and 2007, but numbers of seedlings were low and did not compensate for losses of adult plants. Reproductive phenology was annual with buds and flowers observed in summer and fall, and fruit formed in the fall and winter. The production of immature fruit capsules from buds and flowers was high (51.2%) and tagged immature fruit became mature fruit at a high rate of 66.7%. Floral visitation rates were very low in timed observations and only three insect species were identified visiting<i> S. hawaiiensis</i> flowers: native yellow-faced bees <i>Hylaeus difficilis</i> and<i> H. volcanicus</i>, and the alien hover fly <i>Allograpta exotica</i>. A seed dispersal experiment at the Kīlauea Crater Rim site demonstrated that wind dispersed seeds could travel at least 40 m from<i> S. hawaiiensis</i> plants with mature open capsules. Seed germination rates varied from 7.0 to 73.0% in greenhouse trials. Mortality of planted seedlings at Kahuku was not significantly greater outside ungulate exclosures than inside, but growth in height and production of reproductive structures was significantly greater in protected areas inside exclosures. In the current study, the seedling stage was the most vulnerable part of the life cycle for both<i> P</i>.<i>&nbsp;stachyoides</i> and<i> S. hawaiiensis</i>, and low seedling recruitment appeared to be the most important limiting factor for these species</p>","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Pratt, L.W., VanDeMark, J.R., and Euaparadorn, M., 2012, Status and limiting factors of two rare plant species in dry montane communities of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.: Technical Report HCSU-030, vi, 61 p.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035543","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad71e4b05e859bdfbafc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Linda W. lpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Linda","email":"lpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeMark, Joshua R.","contributorId":120307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeMark","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euaparadorn, Melody","contributorId":119927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euaparadorn","given":"Melody","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039734,"text":"70039734 - 2012 - Survival, growth and reproduction of non-native Nile tilapia II: Fundamental niche projections and invasion potential in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T15:09:37.905035","indexId":"70039734","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival, growth and reproduction of non-native Nile tilapia II: Fundamental niche projections and invasion potential in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Understanding the fundamental niche of invasive species facilitates our ability to predict both dispersal patterns and invasion success and therefore provides the basis for better-informed conservation and management policies. Here we focus on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758), one of the most widely cultured fish worldwide and a species that has escaped local aquaculture facilities to become established in a coastal-draining river in Mississippi (northern Gulf of Mexico). Using empirical physiological data, logistic regression models were developed to predict the probabilities of Nile tilapia survival, growth, and reproduction at different combinations of temperature (14 and 30&deg;C) and salinity (0&ndash;60, by increments of 10). These predictive models were combined with kriged seasonal salinity data derived from multiple long-term data sets to project the species' fundamental niche in Mississippi coastal waters during normal salinity years (averaged across all years) and salinity patterns in extremely wet and dry years (which might emerge more frequently under scenarios of climate change). The derived fundamental niche projections showed that during the summer, Nile tilapia is capable of surviving throughout Mississippi's coastal waters but growth and reproduction were limited to river mouths (or upriver). Overwinter survival was also limited to river mouths. The areas where Nile tilapia could survive, grow, and reproduce increased during extremely wet years (2&ndash;368%) and decreased during extremely dry years (86&ndash;92%) in the summer with a similar pattern holding for overwinter survival. These results indicate that Nile tilapia is capable of 1) using saline waters to gain access to other watersheds throughout the region and 2) establishing populations in nearshore, low-salinity waters, particularly in the western portion of coastal Mississippi.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0041580","usgsCitation":"Lowe, M.R., Wu, W., Peterson, M.S., Brown-Peterson, N.J., Slack, W.T., and Schofield, P., 2012, Survival, growth and reproduction of non-native Nile tilapia II: Fundamental niche projections and invasion potential in the northern Gulf of Mexico: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 7, e41580, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041580.","productDescription":"e41580, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041580","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":260000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.8516845703125,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.484130859375,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.484130859375,\n              30.755998458321667\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8516845703125,\n              30.755998458321667\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8516845703125,\n              30.021543509740027\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7619e4b0b2908510aaf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, Michael R. 0000-0002-4645-9429","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-9429","contributorId":10539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Wei","contributorId":15061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Mark S.","contributorId":8979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.","contributorId":53937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown-Peterson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slack, William T.","contributorId":47512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":30306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039735,"text":"70039735 - 2012 - Organic carbon burial rates in mangrove sediments: strengthening the global budget","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"70039735","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic carbon burial rates in mangrove sediments: strengthening the global budget","docAbstract":"Mangrove wetlands exist in the transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments and as such were historically overlooked in discussions of terrestrial and marine carbon cycling. In recent decades, mangroves have increasingly been credited with producing and burying large quantities of organic carbon (OC). The amount of available data regarding OC burial in mangrove soils has more than doubled since the last primary literature review (2003). This includes data from some of the largest, most developed mangrove forests in the world, providing an opportunity to strengthen the global estimate. First-time representation is now included for mangroves in Brazil, Colombia, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Vietnam, and Thailand, along with additional data from Mexico and the United States. Our objective is to recalculate the centennial-scale burial rate of OC at both the local and global scales. Quantification of this rate enables better understanding of the current carbon sink capacity of mangroves as well as helps to quantify and/or validate the other aspects of the mangrove carbon budget such as import, export, and remineralization. Statistical analysis of the data supports use of the geometric mean as the most reliable central tendency measurement. Our estimate is that mangrove systems bury 163 (+40; -31) g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> (95% C.I.). Globally, the 95% confidence interval for the annual burial rate is 26.1 (+6.3; -5.1) Tg OC. This equates to a burial fraction that is 42% larger than that of the most recent mangrove carbon budget (2008), and represents 10&ndash;15% of estimated annual mangrove production. This global rate supports previous conclusions that, on a centennial time scale, 8&ndash;15% of all OC burial in marine settings occurs in mangrove systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012GB004375","usgsCitation":"Breithaupt, J., Smoak, J.M., Smith, T.J., Sanders, C.J., and Hoare, A., 2012, Organic carbon burial rates in mangrove sediments: strengthening the global budget: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 26, 11 p.; GB3011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004375.","productDescription":"11 p.; GB3011","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474375,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gb004375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":260001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004375","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f92e4b0c8380cd75b75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breithaupt, J.","contributorId":56905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breithaupt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoak, Joseph M.","contributorId":32392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanders, Christian J.","contributorId":90584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoare, Armando","contributorId":44029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"Armando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039732,"text":"70039732 - 2012 - Use of alligator hole abundance and occupancy rate as indicators for restoration of a human-altered wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"70039732","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of alligator hole abundance and occupancy rate as indicators for restoration of a human-altered wetland","docAbstract":"Use of indicator species as a measure of ecosystem conditions is an established science application in environmental management. Because of its role in shaping wetland systems, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is one of the ecological indicators for wetland restoration in south Florida, USA. We conducted landscape-level aerial surveys of alligator holes in two different habitats in a wetland where anthropogenic modification of surface hydrology has altered the natural system. Alligator holes were scarcer in an area where modified hydrology caused draining and frequent dry-downs compared to another area that maintains a functional wetland system. Lower abundance of alligator holes indicates lack of alligator activities, lower overall species diversity, and lack of dry-season aquatic refugia for other organisms. The occupancy rate of alligator holes was lower than the current restoration target for the Everglades, and was variable by size class with large size-class alligators predominantly occupying alligator holes. This may indicate unequal size-class distribution, different habitat selection by size classes, or possibly a lack of recruitment. Our study provides pre-restoration baseline information about one indicator species for the Everglades. Success of the restoration can be assessed via effective synthesis of information derived by collective research efforts on the entire suite of selected ecological indicators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.011","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Hart, K.M., Rice, K.G., Ogurcak, D., Rochford, M., Jeffery, B.M., Brandt, L., and Cherkiss, M.S., 2012, Use of alligator hole abundance and occupancy rate as indicators for restoration of a human-altered wetland: Ecological Indicators, v. 23, p. 627-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.011.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"633","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.011","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeafe4b08c986b329717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":466842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":466844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ogurcak, Danielle","contributorId":21815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogurcak","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rochford, Michael","contributorId":58136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochford","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian M.","contributorId":16511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":466839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":18608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":466840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70039730,"text":"70039730 - 2012 - Augmentation of French grunt diet description using combined visual and DNA-based analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"70039730","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Augmentation of French grunt diet description using combined visual and DNA-based analyses","docAbstract":"Trophic linkages within a coral-reef ecosystem may be difficult to discern in fish species that reside on, but do not forage on, coral reefs. Furthermore, dietary analysis of fish can be difficult in situations where prey is thoroughly macerated, resulting in many visually unrecognisable food items. The present study examined whether the inclusion of a DNA-based method could improve the identification of prey consumed by French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, a reef fish that possesses pharyngeal teeth and forages on soft-bodied prey items. Visual analysis indicated that crustaceans were most abundant numerically (38.9%), followed by sipunculans (31.0%) and polychaete worms (5.2%), with a substantial number of unidentified prey (12.7%). For the subset of prey with both visual and molecular data, there was a marked reduction in the number of unidentified sipunculans (visual &ndash; 31.1%, combined &ndash 4.4%), unidentified crustaceans (visual &ndash 15.6%, combined &ndash 6.7%), and unidentified taxa (visual &ndash 11.1%, combined &ndash 0.0%). Utilising results from both methodologies resulted in an increased number of prey placed at the family level (visual &ndash 6, combined &ndash 33) and species level (visual &ndash 0, combined &ndash 4). Although more costly than visual analysis alone, our study demonstrated the feasibility of DNA-based identification of visually unidentifiable prey in the stomach contents of fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Freshwater Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","publisherLocation":"Collingwood, U.K.","doi":"10.1071/MF12099","usgsCitation":"Hargrove, J.S., Parkyn, D.C., Murie, D.J., Demopoulos, A., and Austin, J.D., 2012, Augmentation of French grunt diet description using combined visual and DNA-based analyses: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 63, no. 8, p. 740-750, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF12099.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"750","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259969,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF12099","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"63","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eee9e4b0c8380cd4a01a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hargrove, John S.","contributorId":32768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargrove","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkyn, Daryl C.","contributorId":71819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkyn","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murie, Debra J.","contributorId":7548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murie","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":28938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Austin, James D.","contributorId":57584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039723,"text":"70039723 - 2012 - Mapping outdoor recreationists' perceived social values for ecosystem services at Hinchinbrook Island National Park, Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"70039723","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":836,"text":"Applied Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping outdoor recreationists' perceived social values for ecosystem services at Hinchinbrook Island National Park, Australia","docAbstract":"Coastal ecosystems are increasingly faced with human impacts. To better understand these changing conditions, biophysical and economic values of nature have been used to prioritize spatial planning efforts and ecosystem-based management of human activities. Less is known, however, about how to characterize and represent non-material values in decision-making. We collected on-site and mailback survey data (<i>n</i> = 209), and analyzed these data using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) GIS application to incorporate measures of social value and natural resource conditions on Hinchinbrook Island National Park, Australia. Our objectives in this paper are to: 1) determine the spatial distribution and point density of social values for ecosystem services; 2) examine the relationship between social values and natural resource conditions; and 3) compare social value allocations between two subgroups of outdoor recreationists. Results suggest that high priority areas exist on Hinchinbrook's land and seascapes according to the multiple values assigned to places by outdoor recreationists engaged in consumptive (e.g., fishing) and non-consumptive (e.g., hiking) activities. We examine statistically significant spatial clustering across two subgroups of the survey population for three value types that reflect Recreation, Biological Diversity, and Aesthetic qualities. The relationship between the relative importance of social values for ecosystem services and spatially-defined ecological data is explored to guide management decision-making in the context of an island national park setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.008","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C.J., Kyle, G.T., Sutton, S., Barnes, M., and Sherrouse, B.C., 2012, Mapping outdoor recreationists' perceived social values for ecosystem services at Hinchinbrook Island National Park, Australia: Applied Geography, v. 35, no. 1-2, p. 164-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.008","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Hinchinbrook Island National Park","volume":"35","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a506ce4b0c8380cd6b6b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Carena J.","contributorId":42827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Riper","given":"Carena","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":466816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyle, Gerard T.","contributorId":69405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutton, Stephen G.","contributorId":14685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, Melinda","contributorId":82968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Melinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039758,"text":"sim3221 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River from Rochelle Park to Lodi, New Jersey, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-31T01:01:45","indexId":"sim3221","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3221","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River from Rochelle Park to Lodi, New Jersey, 2012","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 2.75-mile reach of the Saddle River from 0.2 mile upstream from the Interstate 80 bridge in Rochelle Park to 1.5 miles downstream from the U.S. Route 46 bridge in Lodi, New Jersey, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Saddle River at Lodi, New Jersey (station 01391500). Current conditions for estimating near real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=01391500\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=01391500</a>. The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated with USGS streamgages. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Saddle River at Lodi, New Jersey streamgage and documented high-water marks from recent floods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 11 water-surface profiles for flood stages at the Saddle River streamgage at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum, North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), and ranging from bankfull, 0.5 ft below NWS Action Stage, to the extent of the stage-discharge rating, which is approximately 1 ft higher than the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. Action Stage is the stage which when reached by a rising stream the NWS or a partner needs to take some type of mitigation action in preparation for possible significant hydrologic activity. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system 3-meter (9.84-ft) digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Hoppe, H.L., and Watson, K.M., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River from Rochelle Park to Lodi, New Jersey, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3221, Pamphlet: vi, 7 p.; Sheets 1-11: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3221.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 7 p.; Sheets 1-11: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3221.png"},{"id":260012,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle08ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260013,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle09ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260016,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle14ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260017,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle15ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260007,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle10ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260008,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260009,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle05ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260010,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle06ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260011,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle07ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260014,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle11ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260015,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle12ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260005,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/downloads/pdf/sim3221-saddle13ft.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"12000","datum":"North American Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.1,40.86666666666667 ], [ -74.1,40.9 ], [ -74.06666666666666,40.9 ], [ -74.06666666666666,40.86666666666667 ], [ -74.1,40.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1167e4b0c8380cd53faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoppe, Heidi L. hhoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppe","given":"Heidi","email":"hhoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":466887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Kara M. 0000-0002-2685-0260 kmwatson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0260","contributorId":2134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kara","email":"kmwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039756,"text":"sir20125169 - 2012 - Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected sites at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1949-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-31T01:01:45","indexId":"sir20125169","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5169","title":"Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected sites at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1949-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, analyzed water-quality data collected from 67 aquifer wells and 7 surface-water sites at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) from 1949 through 2009. The data analyzed included major cations, anions, nutrients, trace elements, and total organic carbon. The analyses were performed to examine water-quality trends that might inform future management decisions about the number of wells to sample at the INL and the type of constituents to monitor. Water-quality trends were determined using (1) the nonparametric Kendall's <i>tau</i> correlation coefficient, <i>p</i>-value, Theil-Sen slope estimator, and summary statistics for uncensored data; and (2) the Kaplan-Meier method for calculating summary statistics, Kendall's <i>tau</i> correlation coefficient, <i>p</i>-value, and Akritas-Theil-Sen slope estimator for robust linear regression for censored data. Statistical analyses for chloride concentrations indicate that groundwater influenced by Big Lost River seepage has decreasing chloride trends or, in some cases, has variable chloride concentration changes that correlate with above-average and below-average periods of recharge. Analyses of trends for chloride in water samples from four sites located along the Big Lost River indicate a decreasing trend or no trend for chloride, and chloride concentrations generally are much lower at these four sites than those in the aquifer. Above-average and below-average periods of recharge also affect concentration trends for sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and a few trace elements in several wells. Analyses of trends for constituents in water from several of the wells that is mostly regionally derived groundwater generally indicate increasing trends for chloride, sodium, sulfate, and nitrate concentrations. These increases are attributed to agricultural or other anthropogenic influences on the aquifer upgradient of the INL. Statistical trends of chemical constituents from several wells near the Naval Reactors Facility may be influenced by wastewater disposal at the facility or by anthropogenic influence from the Little Lost River basin. Groundwater samples from three wells downgradient of the Power Burst Facility area show increasing trends for chloride, nitrate, sodium, and sulfate concentrations. The increases could be caused by wastewater disposal in the Power Burst Facility area. Some groundwater samples in the southwestern part of the INL and southwest of the INL show concentration trends for chloride and sodium that may be influenced by wastewater disposal. Some of the groundwater samples have decreasing trends that could be attributed to the decreasing concentrations in the wastewater from the late 1970s to 2009. The young fraction of groundwater in many of the wells is more than 20 years old, so samples collected in the early 1990s are more representative of groundwater discharged in the 1960s and 1970s, when concentrations in wastewater were much higher. Groundwater sampled in 2009 would be representative of the lower concentrations of chloride and sodium in wastewater discharged in the late 1980s. Analyses of trends for sodium in several groundwater samples from the central and southern part of the eastern Snake River aquifer show increasing trends. In most cases, however, the sodium concentrations are less than background concentrations measured in the aquifer. Many of the wells are open to larger mixed sections of the aquifer, and the increasing trends may indicate that the long history of wastewater disposal in the central part of the INL is increasing sodium concentrations in the groundwater.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/ID-22219","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Davis, L.C., Fisher, J.C., Tucker, B.J., and Raben, F.A., 2012, Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected sites at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1949-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5169, Report: vi, 68 p.; Appendices A-E PDF, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125169.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 68 p.; Appendices A-E PDF","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5169.jpg"},{"id":259993,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/pdf/sir20125169.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/pdf/sir20125169_AppA.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/pdf/sir20125169_AppB.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/pdf/sir20125169_AppE.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259992,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/pdf/sir20125169_AppC.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5169/pdf/sir20125169_AppD.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.25 ], [ -113.75,44.233333333333334 ], [ -112.25,44.233333333333334 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -113.75,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdd8e4b08c986b32e102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Betty J.","contributorId":27885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Betty","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raben, Flint A.","contributorId":79345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raben","given":"Flint","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70039717,"text":"70039717 - 2012 - Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and response to climate change in the Roaring River valley, Front Range, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"70039717","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and response to climate change in the Roaring River valley, Front Range, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic analyses and radiocarbon geochronology of alluvial deposits exposed along the Roaring River, Colorado, lead to three principal conclusions: (1) the opinion that stream channels in the higher parts of the Front Range are relics of the Pleistocene and nonalluvial under the present climate, as argued in a water-rights trial USA v. Colorado, is untenable, (2) beds of clast-supported gravel alternate in vertical succession with beds of fine-grained sediment (sand, mud, and peat) in response to centennial-scale changes in snowmelt-driven peak discharges, and (3) alluvial strata provide information about Holocene climate history that complements the history provided by cirque moraines, periglacial deposits, and paleontological data. Most alluvial strata are of late Holocene age and record, among other things, that: (1) the largest peak flows since the end of the Pleistocene occurred during the late Holocene; (2) the occurrence of a mid- to late Holocene interval (~2450&ndash;1630(?) cal yr BP) of warmer climate, which is not clearly identified in palynological records; and (3) the Little Ice Age climate seems to have had little impact on stream channels, except perhaps for minor (~1 m) incision. Published","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.005","usgsCitation":"Madole, R.F., 2012, Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and response to climate change in the Roaring River valley, Front Range, Colorado, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 78, no. 2, p. 197-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Range;Roaring River Valley","volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31d2e4b0c8380cd5e25b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madole, Richard F. 0000-0002-9081-570X madole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":1340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"Richard","email":"madole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039752,"text":"ofr20121188 - 2012 - Estimated probability of postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Fire burn area, southwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-30T01:02:05","indexId":"ofr20121188","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1188","title":"Estimated probability of postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Fire burn area, southwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"In May and June 2012, the Whitewater-Baldy Fire burned approximately 1,200 square kilometers (300,000 acres) of the Gila National Forest, in southwestern New Mexico. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from 128 basins burned by the Whitewater-Baldy Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed by using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain Western United States was used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows along the burned area drainage network and for selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of areal burned extent and severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall intensity to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows following the fire. In response to the 2-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, modeling indicated that four basins have high probabilities of debris-flow occurrence (greater than or equal to 80 percent). For the 10-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, an additional 14 basins are included, and for the 25-year-recurrence, 30-minute-duration rainfall, an additional eight basins, 20 percent of the total, have high probabilities of debris-flow occurrence. In addition, probability analysis along the stream segments can identify specific reaches of greatest concern for debris flows within a basin. Basins with a high probability of debris-flow occurrence were concentrated in the west and central parts of the burned area, including tributaries to Whitewater Creek, Mineral Creek, and Willow Creek. Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from about 3,000-4,000 cubic meters (m<sup>3</sup>) to greater than 500,000 m<sup>3</sup> for all design storms modeled. Drainage basins with estimated volumes greater than 500,000 m<sup>3</sup> included tributaries to Whitewater Creek, Willow Creek, Iron Creek, and West Fork Mogollon Creek. Drainage basins with estimated debris-flow volumes greater than 100,000 m<sup>3</sup> for the 25-year-recurrence event, 24 percent of the basins modeled, also include tributaries to Deep Creek, Mineral Creek, Gilita Creek, West Fork Gila River, Mogollon Creek, and Turkey Creek, among others. Basins with the highest combined probability and volume relative hazard rankings for the 25-year-recurrence rainfall include tributaries to Whitewater Creek, Mineral Creek, Willow Creek, West Fork Gila River, West Fork Mogollon Creek, and Turkey Creek. Debris flows from Whitewater, Mineral, and Willow Creeks could affect the southwestern New Mexico communities of Glenwood, Alma, and Willow Creek. The maps presented herein may be used to prioritize areas where emergency erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year period of vulnerability following the Whitewater-Baldy Fire. This work is preliminary and is subject to revision. It is being provided because of the need for timely \"best science\" information. The assessment herein is provided on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Gila National Forest","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Matherne, A.M., and Verdin, K.L., 2012, Estimated probability of postwildfire debris flows in the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Fire burn area, southwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1188, Report: iv, 11 p.; Plate 1: 32.92 inches x 21.34 inches, Plate 2: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches, Plate 3: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121188.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Plate 1: 32.92 inches x 21.34 inches, Plate 2: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches, Plate 3: 32.89 inches x 21.31 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1188.gif"},{"id":259975,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188_pl2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259972,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259973,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188_pl1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259974,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188_pl3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259971,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1188/ofr2012-1188.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system Zone 12 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Catron;Grant","otherGeospatial":"Gila National Forest;Mogollon Mountains;Whitewater Baldy","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.08333333333333,33.083333333333336 ], [ -109.08333333333333,33.583333333333336 ], [ -108.16666666666667,33.583333333333336 ], [ -108.16666666666667,33.083333333333336 ], [ -109.08333333333333,33.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a9fe4b0c8380cd523f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matherne, Anne Marie 0000-0002-5873-2226 matherne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2226","contributorId":303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matherne","given":"Anne","email":"matherne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039759,"text":"sir20125126 - 2012 - Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs based on hydrologic and geochemical data (2008-10), Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:43:00","indexId":"sir20125126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5126","title":"Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs based on hydrologic and geochemical data (2008-10), Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer in south-central Texas is a productive and important water resource. Several large springs issuing from the aquifer are major discharge points, popular locations for recreational activities, and habitat for threatened and endangered species. Discharges from Comal and San Marcos Springs, the first and second largest spring complexes in Texas, are used as thresholds in groundwater management strategies for the Edwards aquifer. Comal Springs is generally understood to be supplied by predominantly regional groundwater flow paths; the hydrologic connection of San Marcos Springs with the regional flow system, however, is less understood. During November 2008&ndash;December 2010, a hydrologic and geochemical investigation of San Marcos Springs was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System. The primary objective of this study was to define and characterize sources of discharge from San Marcos Springs. During this study, hydrologic conditions transitioned from exceptional drought (the dry period, November 1, 2008 to September 8, 2009) to wetter than normal (the wet period, September 9, 2009 to December 31, 2010), which provided the opportunity to investigate the hydrogeology of San Marcos Springs under a wide range of hydrologic conditions. Water samples were collected from streams, groundwater wells, and springs at and in the vicinity of San Marcos Springs, including periodic (routine) sampling (every 3&ndash;7 weeks) and sampling in response to storms. Samples were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and selected stable and radiogenic isotopes (deuterium, oxygen, carbon, strontium). Additionally, selected physicochemical properties were measured continuously at several sites, and hydrologic data were compiled from other USGS efforts (stream and spring discharge). Potential aquifer recharge was evaluated from local streams, and daily recharge or gain/loss estimates were computed for several local streams. Local rainfall and recharge events were compared with physicochemical properties and geochemical variability at San Marcos Springs, with little evidence for dilution by local recharge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., and Crow, C.L., 2012, Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs based on hydrologic and geochemical data (2008-10), Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5126, vii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125126.","productDescription":"vii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125126.JPG"},{"id":260018,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5126/SIR2012-5126.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County, Comal County, Hays County","otherGeospatial":"San Marcos Springs","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a709be4b0c8380cd7611b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173641,"text":"70173641 - 2012 - Timing and synchrony of births in bighorn sheep: implications for reintroduction and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:54:40","indexId":"70173641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and synchrony of births in bighorn sheep: implications for reintroduction and conservation","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Context:</strong>&nbsp;Timing (mean birthdate) and synchrony (variance around that date) of births can influence survival of young and growth in ungulate populations. Some restored populations of ungulates may not adjust these life-history characteristics to environments of release sites until several years after release, which may influence success of reintroductions.</p>\n<p><strong>Aims:</strong>&nbsp;We quantified timing and synchrony of births from 2005 to 2007 in four populations of reintroduced bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) occupying two ecoregions (Central Basin and Range and Wasatch and Uinta Mountains) in Utah, USA, to investigate whether bighorns would adjust these life-history characteristics to environmental conditions of the two ecoregions. We also compared timing and synchrony of births for bighorns in their source herd (Antelope Island) with bighorns in an ecologically similar release site (Stansbury Mountains) during 2006 and 2007.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;We relocated female bighorns to record birthdates of young, and observed groups of collared bighorns to quantify use of elevation by those ungulates. We also calculated the initiation, rate and timing of peak green-up by ecoregion, using the normalised difference vegetation index.</p>\n<p><strong>Key results:</strong>&nbsp;We quantified 274 birthdates, and although only separated by 57&nbsp;km, bighorn populations occupying the Central Basin and Range Mountains gave birth an average of 29 days earlier than did those on the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, which corresponded with the initiation of vegetation green-up. Additionally, bighorn sheep on the Stansbury Mountains (ecologically similar release site) gave birth at similar times as did bighorns on Antelope Island (source area).</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>&nbsp;Populations of bighorn sheep that were reintroduced into adjacent ecoregions adjusted timing of births to environments and green-up of vegetation in restoration areas. Timing and synchrony of births for reintroduced bighorn sheep in an ecologically similar release site were the same as those of their source area.</p>\n<p><strong>Implications:</strong>&nbsp;Consideration should be given to the adjustment of timing and synchrony of births when reintroducing bighorns, especially when animals are released into different ecoregions. Also, biologists should select release sites that are ecologically similar to source areas, thereby reducing potential negative effects of animals adjusting timing and synchrony of births to environmental conditions of restoration areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR12059","usgsCitation":"Whiting, J.C., Olson, D., Shannon, J.M., Bowyer, R., Klaver, R.W., and Flinders, J.T., 2012, Timing and synchrony of births in bighorn sheep: implications for reintroduction and conservation: Wildlife Research, v. 39, no. 7, p. 565-572, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR12059.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"572","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040437","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f065e4b04f417c24dd34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiting, Jericho C.","contributorId":171439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiting","given":"Jericho","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":26915,"text":"Gonzales-Stoller Surveillance, Idaho Falls, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Daniel","contributorId":171438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":12682,"text":"Utah State University, Logan, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shannon, Justin M.","contributorId":171441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shannon","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":26916,"text":"Brigham Young University, Provo, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. 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,{"id":70039726,"text":"fs20123085 - 2012 - Streamflow of 2011 - Water Year Summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-29T01:01:53","indexId":"fs20123085","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3085","title":"Streamflow of 2011 - Water Year Summary","docAbstract":"The maps and graph in this summary describe streamflow conditions for water year 2011 (October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2011) in the context of the 82-year period from 1930 through 2011, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program (http://water.usgs.gov/nsip/). The period 1930-2010 was used because, prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country. In the summary, reference is made to the term \"runoff,\" which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a single year was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation's rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another. Each of the maps and graphs can be expanded to a larger view by clicking on the image. In all of the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123085","usgsCitation":"Jian, X., Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S., 2012, Streamflow of 2011 - Water Year Summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3085, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123085.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3085.gif"},{"id":259936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259937,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3085/fs2012-3085.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.58333333333334,13.216666666666667 ], [ 144.58333333333334,71.83333333333333 ], [ -64.25,71.83333333333333 ], [ -64.25,13.216666666666667 ], [ 144.58333333333334,13.216666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b13e4b08c986b31cc7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jian, Xiaodong 0000-0002-9173-3482 xjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-3482","contributorId":1282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jian","given":"Xiaodong","email":"xjian@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, Steve","contributorId":108351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039722,"text":"sir20125083 - 2012 - Occurrence and potential transport of selected pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds from wastewater-treatment plant influent and effluent to groundwater and canal systems in Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-29T01:01:53","indexId":"sir20125083","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5083","title":"Occurrence and potential transport of selected pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds from wastewater-treatment plant influent and effluent to groundwater and canal systems in Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"An increased demand for fresh groundwater resources in South Florida has prompted Miami-Dade County to expand its water reclamation program and actively pursue reuse plans for aquifer recharge, irrigation, and wetland rehydration. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD) and the Miami-Dade Department of Environmental Resources Management (DERM), initiated a study in 2008 to assess the presence of selected pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds in the influent and effluent at three regional wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) operated by the WASD and at one WWTP operated by the City of Homestead, Florida (HSWWTP).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125083","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department and the Department of Environmental Resources Management","usgsCitation":"Foster, A.L., Katz, B.G., and Meyer, M.T., 2012, Occurrence and potential transport of selected pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds from wastewater-treatment plant influent and effluent to groundwater and canal systems in Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5083, viii, 64 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendices; PDF Downloads of Appendices 3 and 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125083.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Appendices; PDF Downloads of Appendices 3 and 4","startPage":"i","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"76","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5083.jpg"},{"id":259934,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5083/pdf/2012-5083.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-dade County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b75e4b0c8380cd746ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Adam L.","contributorId":28944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":466812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039746,"text":"sir20122152 - 2012 - A comparison of U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional model estimates of groundwater source areas and velocities to independently derived estimates, Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T20:18:49.02745","indexId":"sir20122152","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5152","title":"A comparison of U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional model estimates of groundwater source areas and velocities to independently derived estimates, Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, evaluated a three-dimensional model of groundwater flow in the fractured basalts and interbedded sediments of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory to determine if model-derived estimates of groundwater movement are consistent with (1) results from previous studies on water chemistry type, (2) the geochemical mixing at an example well, and (3) independently derived estimates of the average linear groundwater velocity. Simulated steady-state flow fields were analyzed using backward particle-tracking simulations that were based on a modified version of the particle tracking program MODPATH. Model results were compared to the 5-microgram-per-liter lithium contour interpreted to represent the transition from a water type that is primarily composed of tributary valley underflow and streamflow-infiltration recharge to a water type primarily composed of regional aquifer water. This comparison indicates several shortcomings in the way the model represents flow in the aquifer. The eastward movement of tributary valley underflow and streamflow-infiltration recharge is overestimated in the north-central part of the model area and underestimated in the central part of the model area. Model inconsistencies can be attributed to large contrasts in hydraulic conductivity between hydrogeologic zones. Sources of water at well NPR-W01 were identified using backward particle tracking, and they were compared to the relative percentages of source water chemistry determined using geochemical mass balance and mixing models. The particle tracking results compare reasonably well with the chemistry results for groundwater derived from surface-water sources (-28 percent error), but overpredict the proportion of groundwater derived from regional aquifer water (108 percent error) and underpredict the proportion of groundwater derived from tributary valley underflow from the Little Lost River valley (-74 percent error). These large discrepancies may be attributed to large contrasts in hydraulic conductivity between hydrogeologic zones and (or) a short-circuiting of underflow from the Little Lost River valley to an area of high hydraulic conductivity. Independently derived estimates of the average groundwater velocity at 12 well locations within the upper 100 feet of the aquifer were compared to model-derived estimates. Agreement between velocity estimates was good at wells with travel paths located in areas of sediment-rich rock (root-mean-square error [RMSE] = 5.2 feet per day [ft/d]) and poor in areas of sediment-poor rock (RMSE = 26.2 ft/d); simulated velocities in sediment-poor rock were 2.5 to 4.5 times larger than independently derived estimates at wells USGS 1 (less than 14 ft/d) and USGS 100 (less than 21 ft/d). The models overprediction of groundwater velocities in sediment-poor rock may be attributed to large contrasts in hydraulic conductivity and a very large, model-wide estimate of vertical anisotropy (14,800).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20122152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/ID-22218","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J.C., Rousseau, J.P., Bartholomay, R.C., and Rattray, G.W., 2012, A comparison of U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional model estimates of groundwater source areas and velocities to independently derived estimates, Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5152, viii; 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20122152.","productDescription":"viii; 129 p.","numberOfPages":"142","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5152.jpg"},{"id":259958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5152/pdf/sir20125152.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":399524,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97274.htm"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.7,\n              43.1028\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2333,\n              43.1028\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2333,\n              44.0736\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7,\n              44.0736\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7,\n              43.1028\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e354e4b0c8380cd45f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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