{"pageNumber":"1625","pageRowStart":"40600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40769,"records":[{"id":57706,"text":"ofr53288 - 1953 - Summary of annual records of chemical quality of water of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma and Arkansas, 1945-1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:29","indexId":"ofr53288","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-288","title":"Summary of annual records of chemical quality of water of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma and Arkansas, 1945-1952","docAbstract":"This report summarizes information collected to date in the Arkansas River Basin in Oklahoma and Arkansas, and shows, within the limitations of present information, the chemical quality of water in the Arkansas River downstream from the Oklahoma-Kansas State line to its junction with the Mississippi River, and the influence of tributary in-flows. Additional data are being collected and further studies are planned. Hence, conclusions reached herein may be modified by more complete information at a later date.\r\nThe Arkansas River is subject to many types of pollution downstream from the Oklahoma-Kansas State line, and its inferior quality along with an erratic flow pattern has caused it to be largely abandoned as a source of municipal and industrial water supply. Currently, the Arkansas River is not directly used as a source of public supply in any part of the basin in either Oklahoma or Arkansas. In general, the river water increases in chemical concentration downstream from the Oklahoma-Kansas State line to Tulsa due mainly to tributary inflow from the Salt Fork Arkansas River and the Cimarron River, both streams being sources of large amounts of both natural salts and industrial wastes. A decrease in chemical concentration is noted downstream from Tulsa due to tributary inflow from the Verdigris, Neosho, and Illinois rivers, with an increase in chemical concentration then noted due to tributary inflow from the Canadian River which is largely oil field wastes. A steady decrease in concentrations is then noted as the river progresses through Arkansas to the Mississippi River, as all major tributaries below the Canadian River have a dilution effect upon the chemical concentration of the Arkansas River water.\r\n\r\nProposals for storage and regulating reservoirs on the Arkansas River in both Oklahoma and Arkansas have been made by the Corps of Engineers and others. Additional proposals are bing considered in the present Arkansas-White-Red River Basin Inter-Agency Sub-Committee studies. If constructed, these reservoirs will provide an opportunity for control of flow and beneficial use of Arkansas River water both at and downstream from these sites. Impoundment alone will greatly reduce the extremes in water-quality, and by reasonable control of municipal and industrial wastes, the water at some points on the river would be comparable in quality to many existing municipal and industrial supplies in the basin.\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr53288","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Summary of annual records of chemical quality of water of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma and Arkansas, 1945-1952: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-288, 38 leaves ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53288.","productDescription":"38 leaves ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39226,"text":"pp228 - 1953 - Geology and geography of the Henry Mountains region, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T13:48:14","indexId":"pp228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"228","title":"Geology and geography of the Henry Mountains region, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Henry Mountains region in southeastern Utah is one of the classic areas in geology because of the study made there by Grove Karl Gilbert in 1875 and 1876. His report on the geology of the mountains was the first to recognize that intrusive bodies may deform their host rocks and the first to show clearly the significance of the evenly eroded plains, now known as pediments, at the foot of desert mountains.</p><p>The Henry Mountains with the surrounding structural basin is a rugged, dry, and sparsely settled region, a part of the Colorado Plateaus province. The natural obstacles of the region-the aridity and ruggedness-have kept it primitive. It has not been penetrated by modern methods of transportation and thus it persists as a roadless frontier. Even the Indians seem to have made little use of the region; explorers did not enter it until 1869 and settlements were not started until the eighties. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp228","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.B., Averitt, P., and Miller, R.L., 1953, Geology and geography of the Henry Mountains region, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 228, Report: vii, 234 p.; 22 Plates: 26.50 x 48.71 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp228.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 234 p.; 22 Plates: 26.50 x 48.71 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"244","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":66920,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-17.pdf","text":"Plate 17","size":"6.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Topographic map of the Henry Mountains region, Utah"},{"id":66913,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-10.pdf","text":"Plate 10","size":"518 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Isometric fence diagram of the Nazer Canyon, Horseshoe Ridge, and Bull Creek laccoliths and Bull Mountain bysmalith"},{"id":120539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66911,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-08.pdf","text":"Plate 8","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram of intrusions on Mount Ellen"},{"id":66912,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-09.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"839 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Ground plan of intrusions on Mount Ellen and Mount Pennell showing positions of cross sections"},{"id":66914,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-11.pdf","text":"Plate 11","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagrams of intrusions on Mount Pennell"},{"id":66915,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-12.pdf","text":"Plate 12","size":"3.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of Mount Hillers"},{"id":66916,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-13.pdf","text":"Plate 13","size":"1.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram of intrusions on Mount Hillers"},{"id":66917,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-14.pdf","text":"Plate 14","size":"393 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Ground plan of intrusions on Mount Hillers showing position of cross sections"},{"id":66918,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-15.pdf","text":"Plate 15","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of Mount Holmes and Mount Ellsworth"},{"id":66919,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-16.pdf","text":"Plate 16","size":"953 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram of intrusions on Mount Holmes and Mount Ellsworth"},{"id":66921,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-18.pdf","text":"Plate 18","size":"6.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Physiographic map of the Henry Mountains region, Utah"},{"id":66922,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-19.pdf","text":"Plate 19","size":"622 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Diagrammatic views and sketch maps illustrating drainage changes west of Mount Ellen"},{"id":66923,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-20.pdf","text":"Plate 20","size":"950 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Diagrammatic views and sketch maps illustrating drainage changes north of Mount Ellen"},{"id":66924,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-21.pdf","text":"Plate 21","size":"595 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Diagrammatic views and sketch maps illustrating drainage changes south of Mount Hillers"},{"id":66925,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-22.pdf","text":"Plate 22","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map and sections of the principal coal beds"},{"id":66926,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/report.pdf","size":"87.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104391,"rank":693,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4219"},{"id":336211,"rank":25,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Diagrammatic view of the Henry Mountains region"},{"id":336212,"rank":26,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-03.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Sketch map showing vegetation types and variation in precipitation in the Henry Mountains region"},{"id":336210,"rank":24,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"9.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Henry Mountains region, Utah"},{"id":336213,"rank":27,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-04.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Stratigraphic sections of the Morrison formation"},{"id":336214,"rank":28,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-05.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"4.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Structure map of the Henry Mountains region, Utah"},{"id":336215,"rank":29,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-06.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"1.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Structure map of southeastern Utah"},{"id":336216,"rank":30,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0228/plate-07.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"8.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Geologic map of Mount Ellen and Mount Pennell"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Henry Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.92071533203125,\n              38.494443887725055\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9124755859375,\n              38.39764411353178\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9344482421875,\n              38.35458032659834\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03057861328124,\n              38.32011084501538\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09100341796875,\n              38.253279568348304\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.12945556640625,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1102294921875,\n              38.026458711461245\n            ],\n  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     [\n              -110.67352294921875,\n              38.49229419236133\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.92071533203125,\n              38.494443887725055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Charles B. cdhunt@usgs.gov","contributorId":16079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Charles","email":"cdhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averitt, Paul","contributorId":12464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averitt","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Ralph L.","contributorId":74737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3502,"text":"cir254 - 1953 - Water supply of the Birmingham area, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"cir254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"254","title":"Water supply of the Birmingham area, Alabama","docAbstract":"Sufficient water is available in the streams of the area surrounding Birmingham to supply any foreseeable demand; however, to utilize these streams impounding reservoirs and rather long supply lines will be required. Moderate supplies of ground water are available from wells, springs, and mines. The average water use in the area, not including reclaimed and recirculated water, was about 157 mgd during 1951. About 55 mgd was used for domestic or commercial purposes, and 102 mgd was used for industrial purposes. The .quantity of water withdrawn would have to be much greater if a considerable amount of reclaimed and recirculated water had not been used. The Birmingham water-supply systems are used at almost full capacity, and plans are being considered by the city to expand its supply greatly. \r\n\r\nAn estimated 4 mgd of ground water from wells and springs is used for municipal supplies, and 8 mgd is used for industrial purposes. Smaller amounts of ground water are used for irrigation and rural supply. Individual springs in the area are capable of yielding as much as 750 gpm and wells as much as 500 gpm. Some water from worked and abandoned coal and iron mines is used for .public and industrial supplies. One of the conclusions reached by the ground-water study is that ground water has not been fully developed in wells and springs of the area and that mine water which would have to be treated for most municipal and industrial purposes is a potential source of water. \r\n\r\nGenerally, the surface water in the Birmingham. area is of better quality than ground water. Surface water is low in dissolved mineral matter and is extremely soft. Some of the streams carry excessive quantities of iron. Village and Valley Creeks carry some surface pollution making the water unsuitable for many uses. Ground water in this area is usually low in color and ranges in temperature from 62 ? to 72 ?F. Water from limestone, dolomite, and chert usually is moderately to extremely hard. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate are the predominant constituents. The quantity of iron in ground water from most of the aquifers is low, except from the Pottsville formation. The Floyd shale and the Parkwood formation yield sodium bicarbonate waters high in sulfate and low in calcium, magnesium, chloride, and nitrate. Ground water from the Pottsville formation is more variable in quality than water from other formations in the area. Water samples from the mine shafts yielding from this formation were .highly mineralized and extremely, hard.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir254","usgsCitation":"Robinson, W., Ivey, J., and Billingsley, G., 1953, Water supply of the Birmingham area, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 254, 53 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir254.","productDescription":"53 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0254/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30514,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0254/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30515,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0254/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0254/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, W.H.","contributorId":91478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivey, J.B.","contributorId":81896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Billingsley, G. A.","contributorId":33694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":3555,"text":"cir294 - 1953 - Results of reconnaissance for radioactive minerals in parts of the Alma district, Park County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"294","title":"Results of reconnaissance for radioactive minerals in parts of the Alma district, Park County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Pitchblende was discovered in July 1951 in the Alma mining district, Park County, Colo., by the U. S. Geological Survey acting on behalf of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. \r\n\r\nThe pitchblende is associated with Tertiary veins of three different geologic environments: (1) veins in pre-Cambrian rocks, (2) the London vein system in the footwall block of the London fault, and (3) veins in a mineralized area east of the Cooper Gulch fault. Pitchblende is probably not associated with silver-lead replacement deposits in dolomite. \r\n\r\nSecondary uranium minerals, as yet undetermined, are associated with pitchblende on two London vein system mine dumps and occur in oxidized vein material from dumps of mines in the other environments. \r\n\r\nAlthough none of the known occurrences is of commercial importance, the Alma district is considered a moderately favorable area in which to prospect for uranium ore because 24 of the 43 localities examined show anomalous radioactivity; samples from anomalously radioactive localities, which include mine dumps and some underground workings, have uranium contents ranging from 0.001 to 1.66 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir294","usgsCitation":"Pierson, C.T., and Singewald, Q.D., 1953, Results of reconnaissance for radioactive minerals in parts of the Alma district, Park County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 294, 9 p. :map (1 folded) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir294.","productDescription":"9 p. :map (1 folded) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0294/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30575,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0294/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ebd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Charles Thomas","contributorId":13216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singewald, Quentin Dreyer","contributorId":87115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singewald","given":"Quentin","email":"","middleInitial":"Dreyer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3541,"text":"cir274 - 1953 - Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T21:24:06.323848","indexId":"cir274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"274","title":"Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The water supply of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area is adequate to satisfy present requirements and requirements for many years to come if the area continues to develop at about the present rate.</p>\n<p>The flow of -the Mississippi River at the Twin Cities is more than sufficient to meet the demands of the water-supply systems of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The lowest momentary flow during the period 1931-51 was more than twice the present combined maximum demand of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The lake storage of the St. Paul system combined with possible regulations by the Mississippi River headwater reservoir system, in case of an emergency, provides a reserve supply ample to meet a greatly expanded demand. The lowest average daily flow of the Mississippi River at the intakes of the Minneapolis and St. Paul water supply was 389 mgd (602 cfs), The flow at the water supply intakes has been less than 452 mgd (700 cfs) for not more than 6 consecutive days.</p>\n<p>Except for the Mississippi River, the streams in the Twin Cities area have not been extensively developed for water supply. The only known use of them for water supply is for the steam-electric. generating plant on the Minnesota River at Savage. Thus, the St. Croix River, within 12 miles on the east, the Minnesota River entering the Twin Cities from the southwest, the Vermilion within 12 miles on the south, and the Crow River within 25 miles on the west offer untapped supplies for industrial and municipal uses.</p>\n<p>Many water-bearing formations occur in the area. A blanket of glacial deposits, as much as 400 feet thick, covers the area. Small domestic ground-water supplies can be developed practically everywhere in the glacial deposits, and larger industrial supplies can be obtained by exploring and testing. Below the glacial materials is a thick series of rock formations including several prolific sandstone aquifers. The formations dip toward the center of the area forming an artesian basin.</p>\n<p>The estimated average daily withdrawal of ground water from all aquifers in the area is about 90 mgd. Practically all the communities that are not supplied by the Minneapolis or St. Paul water-supply systems obtain their water from wells.</p>\n<p>Where many large-capacity wells have been concentrated in relatively small areas, there has been a great lowering of artesian pressures. However, there are large areas, distant from the centers of concentrated pumping, which are favorable for the development of additional ground water. With an adequate program of exploration and testing to determine precisely the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the waterbearing formations, it is likely that large additional supplies of ground water can be developed for municipal and industrial uses.</p>\n<p>Both Minneapolis and St. Paul obtain their municipal water supplies from the Mississippi River above the TwinCities and are thus assured of a large supply that is not subject to contamination by industrial wastes and sewage effluents, Treatment at municipal plants for both cities provides water for diversified industrial use and for domestic use that meets U. S. Public Health Service drinking water standards., The treated water is remarkably uniform in chemical composition throughout the year and is virtually free of all color, iron, manganese, and turbidity. Currently, (1952). the two supplies are softened to about 75 ppm (as CaC03), which is an average reduction of about 55 percent in hardness of river water. The dissolvedsolids content of the treated water for St. Paul currently (1952) averages about 100 ppm; the dissolved-solids content of the Minneapolis water is slightly higher. As a matter of further interest to industrial consumers, temperatures of the untreated river water, which is only slightly altered at the Minneapolis treatment plant, averages less than 60 F for about 8 months of the year and is less than 40 F for 4 winter months.</p>\n<p>The Mississippi River as it enters the Twin Cities is moderately mineralized, averaging 241 ppm dissolved solids and 179 ppm hardness during the period 1940-49, Average turbidity is very low and silica is moderately low, but the quantities of iron and color in solution are relatively high. Color increases markedly during the period March to July in response to an increase in streamflow. The average chemical composition of the water has remained virtually unchanged except for seasonal variations since 1907.</p>\n<p>Data collected by the Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary District have shown improved sanitary conditions of the river at the Twin Cities lock and dam since the sewage plant went into operation in 1939.</p>\n<p>The Minnesota River is more than twice as mineralized and hard as the Mississippi River, and it exerts a noticeable effect on the chemical and sanitary quality of the Mississippi River at St. Paul.</p>\n<p>Other principal tributary streams to the Mississippi River, including Crow River, Vermilion River, and Bassett Creek, were sampled during the 1952 flood season, at which time they were of the calcium-bicarbonate type, more dilute, and of lower hardness than the Minnesota River. Lake waters in the Twin Cities area generally are less mineralized than those of the streams.</p>\n<p>Waters from the drift deposits and bedrock formations overlying the Hinckley sandstone are hard and calcareous and generally contain troublesome quantities of iron. Regular treatment is required of some public-supply wells for removal of iron encrustations. Water fr.om these sources generally exceeds 300 ppm hardness, but in some places the St. Peter sandstone and St. Lawrence formation yield water of better quality. The Hinckley sandstone yields the best quality ground-water because of its comparatively lower hardness and uniform temperature (about 52 F). However, the average hardness of the treated municipal supplies of St. Paul and Minneapolis is considerably less than water from the Hinckley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir274","collaboration":"Based on data collected in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters and St. Paul District, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army","usgsCitation":"Prior, C.H., Schneider, R., and Durum, W.H., 1953, Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 274, Report: 49 p.; 3 Plates: 22.00 x 16.94 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir274.","productDescription":"Report: 49 p.; 3 Plates: 22.00 x 16.94 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23664.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30558,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30557,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247311,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Minneapolis, St. Paul","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.76968383789062,\n              44.630550504861795\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.76968383789062,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73971557617188,\n              45.298075138707965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73971557617188,\n              44.630550504861795\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.76968383789062,\n              44.630550504861795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prior, Charles Henry","contributorId":6839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prior","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":12528,"text":"ofr538 - 1953 - Stratigraphic relationships of Cretaceous and early Tertiary rocks of a part of northwestern San Juan basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr538","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-8","title":"Stratigraphic relationships of Cretaceous and early Tertiary rocks of a part of northwestern San Juan basin","docAbstract":"The Bridge Timber Mountain area in south-central La Plata County, southwestern Colorado lies mostly in the northwestern part of the Central San Juan Basin but contains a segment of the bounding Hogback 'monocline' and Four-Corners platform. \r\n\r\nThe area contains rocks of late Cretaceous through early Eocene age, as well as Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Recent terrace and pediment gravels. The Pictured Cliffs sandstone of late Montana age is the latest marine formation present. Retreat of the Cretaceous seas from the area marked the beginning of Laramide orogenic activity and the earliest stages of deformation which produced the modern San Juan Basin. The Fruitland formation and Kirtland shale were deposited in brackish water and on coastal plains left by the retreating Cretaceous sea. Beds of the Farmington sandstone member and upper shale member of the Kirtland shale show evidence of a new source of sediments to the north or northeast distinct from the southwestern source area of older Cretaceous rocks. The McDermott 'formation', composed mainly of volcanic debris, is considered to be a local lower member of the Animas formation. Beds of the upper member of the Animas formation of Cretaceous and Paleocene age are considered to extend entirely across the area and into New Mexico. Overstep of higher sandstone and shale beds of the upper member across lower conglomeratic beds shows that folding on the Hogback 'monocline' began during deposition of the upper member. Beds of the upper member of the Animas formation grade laterally southward into Paleocene beds of the Nacimiento formation, but upper Nacimiento beds overstep folded beds of the Animas formation on the Hogback 'monocline' at the north end of Bridge Timber Mountain. The San Jose formation of Paleocene and Eocene age is conformable with the Nacimiento formation except at the north end of Bridge Timber Mountain where upper San Jose beds overstep all older tilted beds down to the Fruitland formation. The heavy sandstone facies of the Nacimiento and San Jose formations are correlated with similar facies of these formations on the east side of the San Juan Basin. Folding along the borders of the Central basin was completed prior to deposition of the youngest San Joss beds, and they were probably widely distributed outside of the Central Basin in Eocene time. In Pliocene time, the San Juan region was beveled by the San Juan peneplain. Rejuvenation of the San Juan Mountains in late Pliocene time caused erosion in the mountains and deposition of the Bridgetimber gravel in the San Juan Basin. Uplift in Pleistocene time caused large-scale erosion in the Bridge Timber Mountain area and gravel-covered terraces represent the various stages of uplift and erosion. \r\n\r\nThe stratigraphic relationships of uppermost Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks in the Bridge Timber Mountain area are similar to recently described relationships of equivalent rocks in other parts of the San Juan Basin. The southwestern lobe of the Pictured Cliffs sandstone was derived from older Cretaceous source areas to the southwest and deposited in the seaway which was retreating northeastward. The northeastern lobe consists of reworked Cretaceous sediments eroded from the flanks of the rising San Juan zone and Sangre de Cristo upwarp and deposited in an arm of the sea which was isolated by uplift of the mountain masses. This arm of the sea was forced to retreat to the southeast as sediments of the Fruitland, Kirtland, Animas, and Ojo Alamo formations were deposited in' the basin. The Animas formation which was derived from hi6hlands to the northeast spread progressively to the southwest and interfingered with lesser amounts of Fruitland and Kirtland sediments derived from the southwest. In latest Cretaceous or earliest Paleocene time folding began along the Hogback 'monocline' in northern and western San Juan Basin and sediments were eroded from the uplifted platforms around the margin of the Central Basin and rede","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"University of New Mexico,","doi":"10.3133/ofr538","usgsCitation":"Baltz, E.H., 1953, Stratigraphic relationships of Cretaceous and early Tertiary rocks of a part of northwestern San Juan basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-8, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr538.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40780,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0008/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40781,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0008/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40782,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baltz, Elmer Harold Jr.","contributorId":27062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltz","given":"Elmer","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15374,"text":"ofr5432 - 1953 - Observation of a \"front\" of regional metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:42:16","indexId":"ofr5432","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54-32","title":"Observation of a \"front\" of regional metamorphism","docAbstract":"<p>Drawing his inspiration from the theories on metamorphism by reaction in the solid state, and from some observations, Rene Perrin in his article 'Perrin, Rene, Le metamorphisms generateur de plissement, Annales des Hines, Paris, October 1935.' \"Metamorphism, the generator of folding\" stated in 1935:</p>\n<p>1) that some \"sudden arrest\" of regional metamorphism way occur and that some formations may present a barrier to its progress. It seemed to him that the Trias effectively played that role in some parts of the Alps (Perrin, Rene, p. 14 and 15).</p>\n<p>2) p. 33 \"A sedimentary formation overlying a folded crystalline rock in disconformity with the schistosity of the latter, does not prove that this rock (the crystalline) was formed and folded prior to the deposition of the sediment.\" Finally, he advised one (p. 32), before drawing any definite conclusion from the absence of contact metamorphism, to observe very closely the modifications either of the crystalline rock, or of the sedimentary formation, or of both in the vicinity of the contact, any modification being an indication of metamorphic action.</p>\n<p>Because these concepts seemed at first extremely bold, the authors made a thorough study of some specific cases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5432","usgsCitation":"Perrin, R., Roubault, M., and Britt, S.H., 1953, Observation of a \"front\" of regional metamorphism: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 54-32, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5432.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5432.PNG"},{"id":310220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1954/0032/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"M15374ont-Blanc","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              6.762084960937499,\n              45.83071305019327\n            ],\n            [\n              6.762084960937499,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ],\n            [\n              7.072448730468749,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ],\n            [\n              7.072448730468749,\n              45.83071305019327\n            ],\n            [\n              6.762084960937499,\n              45.83071305019327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perrin, Rene","contributorId":44934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrin","given":"Rene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roubault, Marcel","contributorId":147905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roubault","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britt, S. H. (translator)","contributorId":30636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"S.","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":171026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":12659,"text":"ofr5321 - 1953 - Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43649,"text":"ofr5122 - 1951 - Geologic maps of Medicine Butte, Broncho, Golden Valley, Beulah, Stanton, and Hazen quadrangles, North Dakota","indexId":"ofr5122","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic maps of Medicine Butte, Broncho, Golden Valley, Beulah, Stanton, and Hazen quadrangles, North Dakota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":12659,"text":"ofr5321 - 1953 - Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota","indexId":"ofr5321","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T20:06:27.236189","indexId":"ofr5321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-21","title":"Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The Knife River area, consisting of six 15-minute quadrangles, includes the lower half of the Knife River valley in west-central North Dakota. The area, in the center of the Williston Basin, is underlain by the Tongue River member of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene) and the Golden Valley formation (Eocene). The Tongue River includes beds equivalent to the Sentinel Butte shale; the Golden Valley formation, which receives its first detailed description in this report, consists of two members, a lower member of gray to white sandy kaolin clay and an upper member of cross-bedded micaceous sandstone.\r\n\r\nPro-Tongue River rocks that crop out in southwestern North Dakota include the Ludlow member of the Fort Union formation, the Cannonball marine formation (Paleocene) and the Hell Creek, Fox Hills, and Pierre formations, all upper Cretaceous. Post-Golden Valley rocks include the White River formation (Oligocene) and gravels on an old planation surface that may be Miocene or Pliocent.\r\n\r\nSurficial deposits include glacial and fluvial deposits of Pleistocene age and alluvium, dune sand, residual silica, and landslide blocks of Recent age. Three ages of glacial deposits can be differentiated, largely on the basis of three fills, separated by unconformities, in the Knife River valley. All three are of Wisconsin age and probably represent the Iowan, Tazewell, and Mankato substages. Deposits of the Cary substage have not been identified either in the Knife River area or elsewhere in southern North Dakota. Iowan glacial deposits form the outermost drift border in North Dakota. Southwest of this border are a few scattered granite boulders that are residual from the erosion of either the White River formation or a pre-Wisconsin till. The Tazewell drift border cannot be followed in southern North Dakota. The Mankato drift border can be traced in a general way from the South Dakota State line northwest across the Missouri River and through the middle of the Knife River area.\r\n\r\nThe major land forms of southwestern North Dakota are: (1) high buttes that stand above (2) a gravel-capped planation surface and (3) a gently-rolling upland; below the upland surface are (4) remnants of a broad valley stage of erosion into which (5) modern valleys have been cut. The broad valley profiles of many streams continue east across the Missouri River trench and are part of a former drainage system that flowed into Hudson Bay. Crossing the divides are (6) large trenches, formed when the former northeast-flowing streams were dammed by the glacier and diverted to the southeast. The largest diversion valley is occupied by the Missouri River; another diversion system, now largely abandoned, extends from the Killdeer Mountains southwest to the mouth of Porcupine Creek in Sioux County. By analogy with South Dakota, most of the large diversion valleys are thought to have been cut in Illinoian time.\r\n\r\nNumerous diversion valleys of Illinoian to late Wisconsin age cut across the divides. Other Pleistocene land forms include ground and moraines, kames, and terraces. Land forms of Recent age include dunes, alluvial terraces, floodplains, and several types of landslide blocks. One type of landslide, called rockslide slump, has not previously been described.\r\n\r\nDrainage is well adjusted to the structure, most of the streams flowing down the axes of small synclines.\r\n\r\nThe bedrock formations have been gently folded into small domes and synclines that interrupt a gentle northward regional dip into the Williston Basin. Three episodes of deformation affected southwestern North Dakota in Tertiary time: (1) intra-Paleocene, involving warping and minor faulting; (2) post-Eocene, involving uplift and tilting; (2) Oligocene, involving uplift and gentle folding.\r\n\r\nMineral resources include ceramic clay, sand and gravel and lignite coal. The Knife River area is the largest lignite-producing district in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5321","usgsCitation":"Benson, W.E., 1953, Geology of the Knife River area, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-21, 318 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5321.","productDescription":"318 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39546.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":41066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1953/0021/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Knife River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.25,\n              47.525\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.25,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.25,\n              47.525\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.25,\n              47.525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, William Edward","contributorId":13637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048083,"text":"tei255 - 1953 - Radiometric reconnaissance in the Garfield and Taylor park quadrangles, Chaffee and Gunnison counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T14:15:56","indexId":"tei255","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-24T14:31:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"255","title":"Radiometric reconnaissance in the Garfield and Taylor park quadrangles, Chaffee and Gunnison counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>During the summer of 1952 most of the mines and prospects in the Garfield and Taylor Park quadrangles of west-central Colorado were examined radiometrically by the U. S. Geological Survey to determine the extent, grade, and mode of occurrence of radioactive substances.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The region contains a relatively large number of rock types, chiefly pre-Cambrian schists, gneisses, and granites; large and small isolated areas of sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages; and a great succession of intrusive rocks of Tertiary age that range from andesite to granite and occur as stocks, chonoliths, sills, dikes, and one batholith. The prevailing structures are northwest-trending folds and faults. Ores valued at about $30,000,000 have been produced from this region. Silver, lead, zinc, and gold have accounted for most of this value, but small tonnages of copper, tungsten, and molybdenum have also been produced. The principal ore minerals are sphalerite, silver-bearing galena, cerussite, smithsonite, and gold-bearing pyrite and limonite; they occur chiefly as replacement bodies in limestone and as shoots in pyritic quartz veins.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Anomalous radioactivity is uncommon and the four localities at which it is known are widely separated in space. The uranium content of samples from these localities is low. Brannerite, the only uranium-bearing mineral positively identified in the region, occurs sparingly in a few pegmatites and in one quartz-beryl-pyrite vein. Elsewhere radioactivity is associated with (l) black shale seams in the Manitou dolomite, (2) a quartz-pyrite-molybdenite vein, (3) a narrow border zone of oxidized material surrounding a small lead zinc ore body in the Manitou dolomite along a strong fault zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei255","collaboration":"Report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Dings, M., and Schafer, M., 1953, Radiometric reconnaissance in the Garfield and Taylor park quadrangles, Chaffee and Gunnison counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 255, Report: 22 p.; Plate 1: 17.03 inches x 18.58 inches; Plate 2: 17.14 inches x 19.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei255.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; Plate 1: 17.03 inches x 18.58 inches; Plate 2: 17.14 inches x 19.56 inches","numberOfPages":"24","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289965,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0255/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":289966,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0255/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":289967,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0255/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0123,36.9938 ], [ -107.0123,39.0000 ], [ -104.848,39.0000 ], [ -104.848,36.9938 ], [ -107.0123,36.9938 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522f2576e4b091aa92f494ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dings, M.G.","contributorId":69047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dings","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schafer, Max","contributorId":101174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"Max","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048201,"text":"tei349 - 1953 - Progress report of southeastern monazite exploration, 1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T08:02:47","indexId":"tei349","displayToPublicDate":"1970-09-14T14:42:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"349","title":"Progress report of southeastern monazite exploration, 1952","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance of placer monazite during the field season of 1952 covered 6,600 square miles drained by streams in the western Piedmont of Virginia 5 North Carolina, South Carolina,, and Georgia. Emphasis during this investigation was placed on the area between the Savannah River at the border of South Carolina and Georgia and the Catawba River in North Carolina because it contains most of the placers formerly mined for monaziteo Four other areas along the strike of the monazite-bearing crystalline rocks were also studied, They center around Mt. Airy, N.C., Athens, Ga. Griffin, Ga. and LaGrange, Ga. In the Savannah River Catawba River district, studies indicate that even the highest grade stream deposits of more than 10 million cubic yards of alluvium contain less than 1 pound of monazite per cubic yard. The average grade of the better deposits is about 0 0 5 pound of monazite per cubic yard. Only trace amounts of niobium, tantalum, and tin have been detected in the placers. Tungsten is absent. Locally gold adds a few cents per cubic yard to the value of placer ground. The best deposits range in size from 1 to 5 million cubic yards and contain 1 to 2 pounds of monazite to the cubic yard. Hundreds of placers smaller than 1 million cubic yards exceed 2 pounds of monazite to the cubic yard and locally attain an average of 10 pounds Monazite deposits around Athens, Ga., are similar to the smaller deposits in the central part of the Savannah River - Catawba River district. A few small very low-grade monazite placers were found near Mt. Airy, N.C., Griffin, Ga., and LaGrange Ga., but they are of no economic value. The larger the flood plain and the farther it lies from the source of the stream, the lower is the monazite content of the sediment. Monazite cannot be profitably mined .from the crystalline rocks in the five areas. The alluvial placers are in stream sediments of post-Wisconsin age. Some pre-Wisconsin terrace gravel of small areal extent is exposed  but it contains only a small amount of monazite Pre-Wisconsin to early post-Wisconsin colluvial sediments locally contain 2 pounds of monazite to the cubic yard. Mode of presentation of reports covering field work during the seasons of 1951 - 52 is given. No further reconnaissance will be undertaken, in the western monazite belt.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei349","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the US Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Overstreet, W., Theobald, P.K., White, A.M., Cuppels, N., Caldwell, D.W., and Whitlow, J.W., 1953, Progress report of southeastern monazite exploration, 1952: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 349, Report: 105 p.; Plate 1: 29.50 inches x 17.12 inches; Plate 2: 77.36 inches x 41.81 inches; 28.59 inches x 21.02 inches; Plate 3: 25.15 inches x 15.28 inches; Plate 4: 25.15 inches x 15.28 inches; Plate 5: 13.20 inches x 19.40 inches; Plate 6: 18.58 inches x 23.61 inches; Plate 7: 25.66 inches x 35.85 inches; Plate 8: 24.44 inches x 36.13 inches; Plate 9: 16.57 inches x 22.52 inches; Plate 10: 14.14 inches x 13.90 inches; Plate 11: 18.31 inches x 14.30 inches; Plate 12: 12.49 inches x 18.14 inches; Plate 13: 14.82 inches x 22.59 inches; Plate 14: 37.89 inches x 27.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei349.","productDescription":"Report: 105 p.; Plate 1: 29.50 inches x 17.12 inches; Plate 2: 77.36 inches x 41.81 inches; 28.59 inches x 21.02 inches; Plate 3: 25.15 inches x 15.28 inches; Plate 4: 25.15 inches x 15.28 inches; Plate 5: 13.20 inches x 19.40 inches; Plate 6: 18.58 inches x 23.61 inches; Plate 7: 25.66 inches x 35.85 inches; Plate 8: 24.44 inches x 36.13 inches; Plate 9: 16.57 inches x 22.52 inches; Plate 10: 14.14 inches x 13.90 inches; Plate 11: 18.31 inches x 14.30 inches; Plate 12: 12.49 inches x 18.14 inches; Plate 13: 14.82 inches x 22.59 inches; Plate 14: 37.89 inches x 27.94 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279874,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-01.pdf"},{"id":279875,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-02.pdf"},{"id":279876,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-03.pdf"},{"id":279873,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/report.pdf"},{"id":279877,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-04.pdf"},{"id":279878,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-05.pdf"},{"id":279879,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-06.pdf"},{"id":279880,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-07.pdf"},{"id":279881,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-08.pdf"},{"id":279882,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-09.pdf"},{"id":279883,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-10.pdf"},{"id":279884,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-11.pdf"},{"id":279885,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-12.pdf"},{"id":279886,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-13.pdf"},{"id":279887,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/349/plate-14.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia;North Carolina;South Carolina;Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.29,32.40 ], [ -85.29,36.79 ], [ -80.69,36.79 ], [ -80.69,32.40 ], [ -85.29,32.40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523979f6e4b04b9308ae4f71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theobald, P. K. Jr.","contributorId":70398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, A. M.","contributorId":86778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuppels, N. P.","contributorId":43039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuppels","given":"N. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caldwell, D. W.","contributorId":27461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70207421,"text":"70207421 - 1953 - Iron deposits of the congonhas district, minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T09:49:30","indexId":"70207421","displayToPublicDate":"1953-12-01T09:47:16","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron deposits of the congonhas district, minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various origins have been proposed for the itabirite and associated hematite ores of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Brazilian Departamento Nacional da Produqao Mineral, has undertaken a comprehensive program of mapping of these Precambrian deposits, which bear many similarities to other Precambrian iron formations. Itabirite is a finely laminated quartz-iron oxide rock with more or less dolomite, corresponding to James's oxide facies. It occurs principally in the middle group of the Minas series-a eugeosynclinal assemblage of quartzite, schist, chemical precipitates, graywacke, and volcanic rocks. Iron and silica were precipitated rhythmically in a shallow restricted basin under somewhat acid conditions that inhibited the precipitation of carbonates. Erosion of moderately deformed rocks of the Minas series furnished sediments for the overlying conglomeratic Itacolumi series. Severe post-Itacolumi deformation folded and thrust-faulted rocks of both series; the accompanying regional metamorphism recrystallized the chert and iron oxide to quartz, specular hematite, and minor amounts of magnetite. Ultramafic intrusions antedate this diastrophism; granodiorites and various basic dike rocks are younger. Hydrothermal replacement of breccia zones in itabirite and of dolomitic beds associated with the iron formation produced high-grade specular hematite ore nearly free of impurities. The areal distribution of the deposits indicates that the solutions followed fault zones. Heated meteoric water may have been responsible for the replacement, as minerals of obvious magmatic origin are absent. Since early Tertiary time the area has been uplifted several thousand feet. Leaching and cementation related to the present surface have modified both the iron formation and the hematite deposits, giving rise to various types of commercial ore. © 1953 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.48.8.639","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Guild, P.W., 1953, Iron deposits of the congonhas district, minas Gerais, Brazil: Economic Geology, v. 48, no. 8, p. 639-676, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.48.8.639.","productDescription":"38 p. ","startPage":"639","endPage":"676","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-57.62513,-30.21629],[-56.2909,-28.85276],[-55.16229,-27.88192],[-54.49073,-27.47476],[-53.64874,-26.92347],[-53.62835,-26.12487],[-54.13005,-25.54764],[-54.62529,-25.73926],[-54.42895,-25.16218],[-54.29348,-24.5708],[-54.29296,-24.02101],[-54.65283,-23.83958],[-55.0279,-24.00127],[-55.40075,-23.95694],[-55.51764,-23.572],[-55.61068,-22.65562],[-55.79796,-22.35693],[-56.47332,-22.0863],[-56.88151,-22.28215],[-57.93716,-22.09018],[-57.87067,-20.73269],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-57.8538,-19.97],[-57.95,-19.4],[-57.67601,-18.96184],[-57.49837,-18.17419],[-57.73456,-17.55247],[-58.2808,-17.27171],[-58.38806,-16.87711],[-58.24122,-16.29957],[-60.15839,-16.25828],[-60.54297,-15.09391],[-60.25115,-15.07722],[-60.26433,-14.64598],[-60.4592,-14.35401],[-60.5033,-13.77595],[-61.08412,-13.47938],[-61.7132,-13.4892],[-62.12708,-13.19878],[-62.80306,-13.00065],[-63.1965,-12.62703],[-64.31635,-12.46198],[-65.40228,-11.56627],[-65.3219,-10.89587],[-65.44484,-10.51145],[-65.33844,-9.76199],[-66.64691,-9.93133],[-67.1738,-10.30681],[-68.04819,-10.71206],[-68.27125,-11.01452],[-68.78616,-11.03638],[-69.52968,-10.95173],[-70.09375,-11.12397],[-70.54869,-11.00915],[-70.48189,-9.49012],[-71.30241,-10.07944],[-72.18489,-10.0536],[-72.56303,-9.52019],[-73.22671,-9.46221],[-73.01538,-9.03283],[-73.57106,-8.42445],[-73.98724,-7.52383],[-73.7234,-7.341],[-73.72449,-6.9186],[-73.12003,-6.62993],[-73.21971,-6.08919],[-72.96451,-5.74125],[-72.89193,-5.27456],[-71.74841,-4.59398],[-70.92884,-4.40159],[-70.79477,-4.25126],[-69.89364,-4.29819],[-69.4441,-1.55629],[-69.42049,-1.12262],[-69.57707,-0.54999],[-70.02066,-0.18516],[-70.01557,0.54141],[-69.4524,0.70616],[-69.25243,0.60265],[-69.21864,0.98568],[-69.8046,1.08908],[-69.81697,1.71481],[-67.86857,1.69246],[-67.53781,2.03716],[-67.26,1.72],[-67.06505,1.13011],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-66.32577,0.72445],[-65.54827,0.78925],[-65.35471,1.09528],[-64.61101,1.32873],[-64.19931,1.49285],[-64.08309,1.91637],[-63.36879,2.2009],[-63.42287,2.41107],[-64.27,2.49701],[-64.40883,3.12679],[-64.36849,3.79721],[-64.81606,4.05645],[-64.62866,4.14848],[-63.88834,4.02053],[-63.0932,3.77057],[-62.80453,4.00697],[-62.08543,4.16212],[-60.96689,4.53647],[-60.60118,4.9181],[-60.73357,5.20028],[-60.21368,5.24449],[-59.98096,5.01406],[-60.111,4.57497],[-59.76741,4.4235],[-59.53804,3.9588],[-59.81541,3.6065],[-59.97452,2.75523],[-59.71855,2.24963],[-59.64604,1.78689],[-59.03086,1.3177],[-58.54001,1.26809],[-58.42948,1.46394],[-58.11345,1.5072],[-57.66097,1.68258],[-57.33582,1.94854],[-56.7827,1.86371],[-56.53939,1.89952],[-55.9957,1.81767],[-55.9056,2.022],[-56.07334,2.22079],[-55.97332,2.51036],[-55.56976,2.42151],[-55.09759,2.52375],[-54.52475,2.31185],[-54.08806,2.10556],[-53.77852,2.3767],[-53.55484,2.3349],[-53.41847,2.05339],[-52.93966,2.12486],[-52.55642,2.50471],[-52.24934,3.24109],[-51.6578,4.15623],[-51.31715,4.20349],[-51.06977,3.6504],[-50.50888,1.90156],[-49.97408,1.73648],[-49.9471,1.04619],[-50.69925,0.22298],[-50.38821,-0.07844],[-48.62057,-0.23549],[-48.5845,-1.23781],[-47.82496,-0.58162],[-46.56658,-0.94103],[-44.9057,-1.55174],[-44.41762,-2.13775],[-44.58159,-2.69131],[-43.41879,-2.38311],[-41.47266,-2.91202],[-39.97867,-2.87305],[-38.50038,-3.70065],[-37.22325,-4.82095],[-36.45294,-5.1094],[-35.5978,-5.1495],[-35.23539,-5.46494],[-34.89603,-6.73819],[-34.72999,-7.34322],[-35.12821,-8.9964],[-35.63697,-9.64928],[-37.04652,-11.04072],[-37.68361,-12.17119],[-38.42388,-13.03812],[-38.67389,-13.05765],[-38.95328,-13.79337],[-38.8823,-15.66705],[-39.16109,-17.20841],[-39.26734,-17.86775],[-39.58352,-18.2623],[-39.76082,-19.59911],[-40.77474,-20.90451],[-40.94476,-21.93732],[-41.75416,-22.37068],[-41.98828,-22.97007],[-43.0747,-22.96769],[-44.64781,-23.35196],[-45.35214,-23.79684],[-46.47209,-24.08897],[-47.64897,-24.8852],[-48.49546,-25.87702],[-48.641,-26.6237],[-48.47474,-27.17591],[-48.66152,-28.18613],[-48.88846,-28.67412],[-49.58733,-29.22447],[-50.69687,-30.98447],[-51.57623,-31.7777],[-52.25608,-32.24537],[-52.7121,-33.19658],[-53.37366,-33.76838],[-53.65054,-33.202],[-53.20959,-32.72767],[-53.78795,-32.04724],[-54.57245,-31.49451],[-55.60151,-30.85388],[-55.97324,-30.88308],[-56.97603,-30.10969],[-57.62513,-30.21629]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Brazil\"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1953-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guild, P. 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,{"id":70048587,"text":"tem611 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the West Lonetree area, Uinta county, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:54:34","indexId":"tem611","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T15:19:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"611","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the West Lonetree area, Uinta county, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey in an area of 154 square miles in Uinta county, Wyoming. The survey was made by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 23, 1952, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation-detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. Parallel traverse lines, spaced at quarter-mile intervals, were flown approximately 500 feet above the ground. Aerial photographs were used for pilot guidance, and the flight path of the aircraft was recorded by a gyro-stabilized, continuous-strip-film camera. The distance of the aircraft from the ground was measured with a continuously recording radio altimeter. At 500 feet above the ground, the width of the zone from which anomalous radioactivity is measured varies with the intensity of radiation of the source and, for strong sources, the width would be as much as 1,400 feet. Quarter-mile spacing of the flight paths of the aircraft should be adequate to detect anomalies from strong sources of radioactivity. However, small areas of considerable radioactivity midway between flight paths may not be noted. The approximate location of each radioactivity anomaly is shown on the accompanying map. The plotted position of an anomaly may be in error by as much as a quarter of a mile owing to errors in the available base maps up to several square miles in which it is impossible to find and plot recognizable landmarks. The radioactivity anomaly that is recorded by airborne measurements at 500 feet above the ground can be caused by: 1. A moderately large area in which the rocks and soils are slightly more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. 2. A smaller area in which the rocks and soils are considerably more radioactive than rocks and soils in the surrounding area. 3. A very small area in which to rocks and soils are much more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. Any particular anomaly, therefore, may represent either slightly greater-than-average radioactivity over an area of a few thousand square feet, or high radioactivity over an area of a few hundred square feet. The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map indicate localities of more-than-average radioactivity, and therefore, suggest areas in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem611","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., and Moxham, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the West Lonetree area, Uinta county, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 611, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 17.32 x 22.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem611.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 17.32 x 22.22 inches","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0611/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283284,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0611/report.pdf"},{"id":283283,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0611/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Uinta County","otherGeospatial":"West Lonetree Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.25,41.033333 ], [ -110.25,41.15 ], [ -110.15,41.15 ], [ -110.15,41.033333 ], [ -110.25,41.033333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a416ee4b0c0d229f9f666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048585,"text":"tem610 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Tabernacle Buttes area, Sublette and Fremont counties, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:53:49","indexId":"tem610","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T14:47:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"610","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Tabernacle Buttes area, Sublette and Fremont counties, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey in an area of 670 square miles in Sublette and Fremont counties, Wyoming. The survey was made by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 20, 1952, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation-detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. Parallel traverse lines, spaced at quarter-mile intervals, were flown approximately 500 feet above the ground. Aerial photographs were used for pilot guidance, and the flight path of the aircraft was recorded by a gyro-stabilized, continuous-strip-film camera. The distance of the aircraft from the ground was measured with a continuously recording radio altimeter. At 500 feet above the ground, the width of the zone from which anomalous radioactivity is measured varies with the intensity of radiation of the source and, for strong sources, the width would be as much as 1,400 feet. Quarter-mile spacing of the flight paths of the aircraft should be adequate to detect anomalies from strong sources of radioactivity. However, small areas of considerable radioactivity midway between flight paths may not be noted. The approximate location of each radioactivity anomaly is shown on the accompanying map. The plotted position of an anomaly may be in error by as much as a quarter of a mile owing to errors in the available base maps up to several square miles in which it is impossible to find and plot recognizable landmarks. The radioactivity anomaly that is recorded by airborne measurements at 500 feet above the ground can be caused by: 1. A moderately large area in which the rocks and soils are slightly more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. 2. A smaller area in which the rocks and soils are considerably more radioactive than rocks and soils in the surrounding area. 3. A very small area in which to rocks and soils are much more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. Any particular anomaly, therefore, may represent either slightly greater-than-average radioactivity over an area of a few thousand square feet, or high radioactivity over an area of a few hundred square feet. The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map indicate localities of more-than-average radioactivity, and therefore, suggest areas in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem610","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the Tabernacle Buttes area, Sublette and Fremont counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 610, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 21.92 x 17.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem610.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 21.92 x 17.27 inches","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0610/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283282,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0610/report.pdf"},{"id":283281,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0610/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Fremont County;Sublette County","otherGeospatial":"Tabernacle Buttes Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.333333,42.4 ], [ -109.333333,42.5 ], [ -109.0,42.5 ], [ -109.0,42.4 ], [ -109.333333,42.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a416ee4b0c0d229f9f660"}
,{"id":70048584,"text":"tem609 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Aspen Mountain area, Sweetwater county, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:53:09","indexId":"tem609","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T14:31:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"609","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Aspen Mountain area, Sweetwater county, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey covering 700 square miles in the Aspen Mountain area, Sweetwater county, Wyoming. The survey was made by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 22, 1952, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation-detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. Parallel traverse lines, spaced at quarter-mile intervals, were flown approximately 500 feet above the ground. Aerial photographs were used for pilot guidance, and the flight path of the aircraft was recorded by a gyro-stabilized, continuous-strip-film camera. The distance of the aircraft from the ground was measured with a continuously recording radio altimeter. At 500 feet above the ground, the width of the zone from which anomalous radioactivity is measured varies with the intensity of radiation of the source and, for strong sources, the width would be as much as 1,400 feet. Quarter-mile spacing of the flight paths of the aircraft should be adequate to detect anomalies from strong sources of radioactivity. However, small areas of considerable radioactivity midway between flight paths may not be noted. The approximate location of each radioactivity anomaly is shown on the accompanying map. The plotted position of an anomaly may be in error by as much as a quarter of a mile owing to errors in the available base maps up to several square miles in which it is impossible to find and plot recognizable landmarks. The radioactivity anomaly that is recorded by airborne measurements at 500 feet above the ground can be caused by: 1. A moderately large area in which the rocks and soils are slightly more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. 2. A smaller area in which the rocks and soils are considerably more radioactive than rocks and soils in the surrounding area. 3. A very small area in which to rocks and soils are much more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. Any particular anomaly, therefore, may represent either slightly greater-than-average radioactivity over an area of a few thousand square feet, or high radioactivity over an area of a few hundred square feet. The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map indicate localities of more-than-average radioactivity, and therefore, suggest areas in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem609","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., and Moxham, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the Aspen Mountain area, Sweetwater county, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 609, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 22.11 x 16.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem609.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 22.11 x 16.99 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0609/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283279,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0609/report.pdf"},{"id":283280,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0609/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Sweetwater County","otherGeospatial":"Aspen Mountain Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.283333,41.116667 ], [ -109.283333,41.25 ], [ -109.0,41.25 ], [ -109.0,41.116667 ], [ -109.283333,41.116667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a416de4b0c0d229f9f64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048583,"text":"tem607 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity of portions of the Defiance Uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache county, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048583,"text":"tem607 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity of portions of the Defiance Uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache county, Arizona","indexId":"tem607","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity of portions of the Defiance Uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache county, Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51306,"text":"ofr53139 - 1953 - Photogeologic map showing airborne radioactivity anomalies in the Defiance uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache County, Arizona","indexId":"ofr53139","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Photogeologic map showing airborne radioactivity anomalies in the Defiance uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache County, Arizona"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51306,"text":"ofr53139 - 1953 - Photogeologic map showing airborne radioactivity anomalies in the Defiance uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache County, Arizona","indexId":"ofr53139","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Photogeologic map showing airborne radioactivity anomalies in the Defiance uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache County, Arizona"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:52:14","indexId":"tem607","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T14:01:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"607","title":"Airborne radioactivity of portions of the Defiance Uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache county, Arizona","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey covering 940 square miles in Apache county, Arizona. The survey was made by the U.S. Geological Survey from September 8 to October 3, 1952, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The survey was made with scintillation-detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. Parallel traverse lines, spaced at quarter-mile intervals, were flown approximately 500 feet above the ground. Aerial photographs were used for pilot guidance, and the flight path of the aircraft was recorded by a gyro-stabilized, continuous-strip-film camera. The distance of the aircraft from the ground was measured with a continuously recording radio altimeter. At 500 feet above the ground, the width of the zone from which anomalous radioactivity is measured varies with the intensity of radiation of the source and, for strong sources, the width would be as much as 1,400 feet. Quarter-mile spacing of the flight paths of the aircraft should be adequate to detect anomalies from strong sources of radioactivity. However, small areas of considerable radioactivity midway between flight paths may not be noted. The approximate location of each radioactivity anomaly is shown on the accompanying map. The plotted position of an anomaly may be in error by as much as a quarter of a mile owing to errors in the available base maps up to several square miles in which it is impossible to find and plot recognizable landmarks. The radioactivity anomaly that is recorded by airborne measurements at 500 feet above the ground can be caused by: 1. A moderately large area in which the rocks and soils are slightly more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. 2. A smaller area in which the rocks and soils are considerably more radioactive than rocks and soils in the surrounding area. 3. A very small area in which to rocks and soils are much more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. Any particular anomaly, therefore, may represent either slightly greater-than-average radioactivity over an area of a few thousand square feet, or high radioactivity over an area of a few hundred square feet. The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map indicate localities of more-than-average radioactivity, and therefore, suggest areas in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem607","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., and Moxham, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity of portions of the Defiance Uplift and Carrizo Mountains, Apache county, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 607, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 31.03 x 39.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem607.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 31.03 x 39.32 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0607/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283278,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0607/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0607/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Apache County","otherGeospatial":"Carrizo Mountains;Defiance Uplift","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,35.75 ], [ -109.5,37.0 ], [ -109.25,37.0 ], [ -109.25,35.75 ], [ -109.5,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a416ce4b0c0d229f9f643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.W.","contributorId":83194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048582,"text":"tem606 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Miller Hill area, Carbon county, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048582,"text":"tem606 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Miller Hill area, Carbon county, Wyoming","indexId":"tem606","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Miller Hill area, Carbon county, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51593,"text":"ofr53281 - 1953 - Photomosaic map of radioactivity anomalies in the Miller Hill region of Carbon County, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr53281","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Photomosaic map of radioactivity anomalies in the Miller Hill region of Carbon County, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51593,"text":"ofr53281 - 1953 - Photomosaic map of radioactivity anomalies in the Miller Hill region of Carbon County, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr53281","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Photomosaic map of radioactivity anomalies in the Miller Hill region of Carbon County, Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:51:14","indexId":"tem606","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T13:43:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"606","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Miller Hill area, Carbon county, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey covering 65 square miles northwest of Miller Hill, Carbon county, Wyoming. The survey was made by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. At 500 feet above the ground, the width of the zone from which anomalous radioactivity is measured varies with the intensity of radiation of the source and, for strong sources, the width would be as much as 1,400 feet. Quarter-mile spacing of the flight paths of the aircraft should be adequate to detect anomalies from strong sources of radioactivity. However, small areas of considerable radioactivity midway between flight paths may not be noted. The approximate location of each radioactivity anomaly is shown on the accompanying map. The plotted position of an anomaly may be in error by as much as a quarter of a mile owing to errors in the available base maps up to several square miles in which it is impossible to find and plot recognizable landmarks. The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map cannot be interpreted in terms of either the radioactive content or the extent of the source materials. The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity due to thorium and that due to uranium.  An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to uranium, or to thorium, or to a combination of uranium and thorium. The radioactivity that is recorded by airborne measurements at 500 feet above the ground can be caused by: 1. A moderately large area in which the rocks and soils are slightly more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. 2. A smaller area in which the rocks and soils are considerably more radioactive than rocks and soils in the surrounding area. 3. A very small area in which to rocks and soils are much more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. Any particular anomaly, therefore, may represent either slightly greater-than-average radioactivity over an area of a few thousand square feet, or high radioactivity over an area of a few hundred square feet. The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map indicate localities of more-than-average radioactivity, and therefore, suggest areas in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem606","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United Stated Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., and Moxham, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the Miller Hill area, Carbon county, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 606, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.34 x 21.68 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem606.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.34 x 21.68 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0606/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283276,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0606/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283275,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0606/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Carbon County","otherGeospatial":"Miller Hill Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.35,41.333333 ], [ -107.35,41.5 ], [ -107.25,41.5 ], [ -107.25,41.333333 ], [ -107.35,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a416ee4b0c0d229f9f65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048580,"text":"tem605 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Devils Tower area, Crook county, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048580,"text":"tem605 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Devils Tower area, Crook county, Wyoming","indexId":"tem605","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Devils Tower area, Crook county, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51591,"text":"ofr53279 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey in the Devils Tower region, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr53279","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey in the Devils Tower region, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51591,"text":"ofr53279 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey in the Devils Tower region, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr53279","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey in the Devils Tower region, Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:50:32","indexId":"tem605","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T13:16:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"605","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Devils Tower area, Crook county, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey covering 45 square miles northwest of Devils Tower, Crook County, Wyoming. The survey was made by the U.S. Geological Survey on September 4, 1952, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.  The survey was made with scintillation-detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft.  Parallel traverse lines, spaced at quarter-mile intervals, were flown approximately 500 feet above the ground. Aerial photographs were used for pilot guidance, and the flight path of the aircraft was recorded by a gyro-stabilized, continuous-strip-film camera.  The distance of the aircraft from the ground was measured with a continuously recording radio altimeter.  At 500 feet above the ground, the width of the zone from which anomalous radioactivity is measured varies with the intensity of radiation of the source and, for strong sources, the width would be as much as 1,400 feet.  Quarter-mile spacing of the flight paths of the aircraft should be adequate to detect anomalies from strong sources of radioactivity. However, small areas of considerable radioactivity midway between flight paths may not be noted.  The approximate location of each radioactivity anomaly is shown on the accompanying map.  The plotted position of an anomaly may be in error by as much as a quarter of a mile owing to errors in the available base maps up to several square miles in which it is impossible to find and plot recognizable landmarks.  The radioactivity that is recorded by airborne measurements at 500 feet above the ground can be caused by: 1. A moderately large area in which the rocks and soils are slightly more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area. 2. A smaller area in which the rocks and soils are considerably more radioactive than rocks and soils in the surrounding area. 3. A very small area in which to rocks and soils are much more radioactive than the rocks and soils of the surrounding area.  Any particular anomaly, therefore, may represent either slightly greater-than-average radioactivity over an area of a few thousand square feet, or high radioactivity over an area of a few hundred square feet.  The radioactivity anomalies shown on the accompanying map indicate localities of more-than-average radioactivity, and therefore, suggest areas in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem605","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Henderson, J.R., and Moxham, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the Devils Tower area, Crook county, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 605, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 21.89 x 16.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem605.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 21.89 x 16.65 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0605/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283273,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0605/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":283274,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0605/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Crook County","otherGeospatial":"Devils Tower Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.833333,44.65 ], [ -104.833333,44.75 ], [ -104.65,44.75 ], [ -104.65,44.65 ], [ -104.833333,44.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a416de4b0c0d229f9f654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, J. R.","contributorId":78705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":71159,"text":"tei51 - 1953 - Uranium deposits at Shinarump Mesa and some adjacent areas in the Temple Mountain district, Emery County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T09:14:55","indexId":"tei51","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51","title":"Uranium deposits at Shinarump Mesa and some adjacent areas in the Temple Mountain district, Emery County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Deposits of uraniferous hydrocarbons are associated with carnotite in the Shinarump conglomerate of Triassic age at Shinarump Mesa and adjacent areas of the Temple Mountain district in the San Rafael Swell of Emery County, Utah. The irregular ore bodies of carnotite-bearing sandstone are genetically related to lenticular uraniferous ore bodies containing disseminated asphaltitic and humic hydrocarbon in permeable sandstones and were localized indirectly by sedimentary controls. Nearly non-uraniferous bitumen commonly permeates the sandstones in the Shinarump conglomerate and the underlying Moekopi formation in the area. The ore deposits at Temple Mountain have been altered locally by hydrothermal solutions, and in other deposits throughout the area carnotite has been transported by ground and surface water.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Uraniferous asphaltite is thought to be the non-volatile residue of an original weakly uraniferous crude oil that migrated into the San Rafael anticline; the ore metals concentrated in the asphaltite as the oil was devolatilized and polymerized. Carnotite is thought to have formed from the asphaltite by ground water leaching.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>It is concluded that additional study of the genesis of the asphaltitic uranium ores in the San Rafael Swell, of the processes by which the hydrocarbons interact and are modified (such as heat, polymerization, and hydrogenation under the influence of alpha-ray bombardment), of petroleum source beds, and of volcanic intrusive rocks of Tertiary age are of fundamental importance in the continuing study of the uranium deposits on the Colorado Plateau.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei51","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Wyant, D., 1953, Uranium deposits at Shinarump Mesa and some adjacent areas in the Temple Mountain district, Emery County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 51, Report: 91 p.; 3 Plates: 30.44 x 20.69 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei51.","productDescription":"Report: 91 p.; 3 Plates: 30.44 x 20.69 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284500,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0051/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":284498,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0051/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":284499,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0051/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":284501,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0051/report.pdf"},{"id":283474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei51.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Emery County","otherGeospatial":"Temple Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.307,38.4992 ], [ -111.307,39.7076 ], [ -109.9878,39.7076 ], [ -109.9878,38.4992 ], [ -111.307,38.4992 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595d6e4b0120853e8c2cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyant, Donald G.","contributorId":75950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyant","given":"Donald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048619,"text":"tem673 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach, North and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:01:13","indexId":"tem673","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T10:53:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"673","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach, North and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey along the Atlantic Ocean beach between Edisto Island, South Carolina and Cape Fear, North Carolina.  The survey was made May 20, 1953, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.  The survey was made with scintillation detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft and consisted of one flight line, at a 500-foot altitude, parallel to the beach.  The vertical projection of the flight line coincided approximately with the landward limit of the modern beach.  The width of the zone on the ground from which anomalous radiation is measured at the nominal 500 foot flight altitude varies with areal extent and intensity of radioactivity of the source.  For strong sources of radioactivity the width of the zone may be as much as 1400 feet.  The accompanying maps show the approximate locations of the areas of greater-than-average radioactivity (at left) and the location of the traverse flown (at right).  The abnormal radioactivity is apparently caused by radioactive minerals associated with \"black sand\" deposits which occur locally along the beach in this region.  The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity due to thorium and that due to uranium.  An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to one or a combination of these elements. It is not possible to determine the extent or radioactive content of the materials responsible for the abnormal radioactivity.  The information given in the accompanying map showing the localities of greater-than-average radioactivity therefore, suggests areas in which uranium and thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem673","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., Moxham, R., and Bortner, T., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach, North and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 673, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.96 x 18.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem673.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.96 x 18.69 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0673/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283304,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0673/report.pdf"},{"id":283303,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0673/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.2,32.0 ], [ -80.2,34.0 ], [ -78.0,34.0 ], [ -78.0,32.0 ], [ -80.2,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b92ffe4b058918d0acb98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bortner, T.E.","contributorId":35224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70110593,"text":"tei222 - 1953 - Radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T08:32:31","indexId":"tei222","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:58:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"222","title":"Radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes the data available on radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela accumulated by geologists of the Direccions Tecnica de Geolgia and antecedent agencies prior to June 1951, and the writers from June to November 1951.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The investigation comprised preliminary study, field examination, office studies, and the preparation of this report, in which the areas and localities examined are described in detail, the uranium potentialities of Venezuela are summarized, and recommendations are made. Preliminary study was made to select areas and rock types that were known or reported to be radioactive or that geologic experience suggests would be favorable host for uranium deposits, In the office, a study of gamma-ray well logs was started as one means of amassing general radiometric data and of rapidly scanning many of ye rocks in northern Venezuela; gamma-ray logs from about 140 representative wells were examined and their peaks of gamma intensity evaluated; in addition samples were analyzed radiometrically, and petrographically.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Radiometic reconnaissance was made in the field during about 3 months of 1951, or about 12 areas, including over 100 localities in the State of Miranda, Carabobo, Yaracuy, Falcon, Lara, Trujillo, Zulia, Merida, Tachira, Bolivar, and Territory Delta Amacuro. During the course of the investigation, both in the filed and office, information was given about geology of uranium deposits, and in techniques used in prospecting and analysis. All studies and this report are designed to supplement and to strengthen the Direccion Tecnica de Geologias's program of investigation of radioactive source in Venezuela now in progress.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The uranium potentialities of Los Estados de Venezuela are excellent for large, low-grade deposits of uraniferous phospahtic shales containing from 0.002 to 0.027 percent uranium; fair, for small or moderate-sized, low-grade placer deposits of thorium, rare-earth, and uranium minerals; poor, for high-grade hydrothermal pitchblende deposits; and highly possible for small, medium- to high-grade despots of carnotite-or copper-uranium bearing sandstone.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Recommendations for the Venezuelan uranium program include 1) the systematic collection of a mass general radiometric data by examining sample collections, expanding the gamma-ray program, encouraging the use of Geiger counter by field geologists, and by enlisting the aid of the general public; 2) , the examination of specific areas or localities, chosen on the basis of geologic favorability from the results of the amassing of data, or obtained by hints and rumors; 3), the organization of a unit within the Direccion Tecnica de Geologica to direct, collection, and collate metric data.</p>\n<br>\n<p>It is emphasized that to be most fruitful the program requires the application of sounds and imaginative geologic theory.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei222","usgsCitation":"Wyant, D., Sharp, W.N., and Rodriguez, C.P., 1953, Radioactive source materials in Los Estados Unidos de Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 222, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei222.","productDescription":"116 p.","numberOfPages":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288255,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0222/report.pdf"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.35,0.65 ], [ -73.35,12.49 ], [ -59.81,12.49 ], [ -59.81,0.65 ], [ -73.35,0.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3fde4b09e18fc023a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyant, Donald G.","contributorId":75950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyant","given":"Donald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, William N.","contributorId":18751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, Carlos Ponte","contributorId":26223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"Ponte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048717,"text":"tem678 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:08:05","indexId":"tem678","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:48:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"678","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island, Florida","docAbstract":"The accompanying map shows the results of an airborne radioactivity survey along the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island in Florida. This survey was made May 4, 1953, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.  The survey was made with scintillation detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft and consisted of one flight line, at a 500-foot altitude , parallel to the beach.  The vertical projection of the flight line coincided approximately with the landward limit of the modern beach. The width of the zone on the ground from which anomalous radiation is measured at the nominal 500 foot flight altitude varies with the areal extent and intensity of the radioactivity the width of the zone may be as much as 1400 feet.  The accompanying map and index map show the approximate locations of the areas of greater-than-average radioactivity and the location of the traverse flown.  The abnormal radioactivity is apparently caused by radioactive minerals associated with \"black sand\" deposits which occur locally along the beach in the region.  The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity due to thorium and that due to uranium.  An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to one or to a combination of these elements.  It is not possible to determine the extent or radioactive content of the materials responsible for the abnormal radioactivity.  The information given in the accompanying map showing the localities of greater-than-average radioactivity therefore, suggests area in which uranium or thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem678","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Meuschke, J.L., Moxham, R., and Bortner, T., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of the Gulf of Mexico beach between Sanibel Island and Caladesi Island, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 678, Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.13 x 21.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem678.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Plate: 16.13 x 21.22 inches","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283306,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0678/report.pdf"},{"id":283307,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0678/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Sanibel Island;Caladesi Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,26.0 ], [ -83.0,28.1 ], [ -82.0,28.1 ], [ -82.0,26.0 ], [ -83.0,26.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52737be2e4b097f32ac3daee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meuschke, J. L.","contributorId":53349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuschke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bortner, T.E.","contributorId":35224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048603,"text":"tem644 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048603,"text":"tem644 - 1953 - Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida","indexId":"tem644","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51597,"text":"ofr53286 - 1953 - Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida","indexId":"ofr53286","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51597,"text":"ofr53286 - 1953 - Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida","indexId":"ofr53286","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Radioactivity anomalies detected along parts of the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia, to Cape Fear, North Carolina, and from Savannah Beach, Georgia, to Miami Beach, Florida"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:58:55","indexId":"tem644","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T09:18:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"644","title":"Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida","docAbstract":"The accompanying maps show the results of an airborne radioactivity survey along the Atlantic Ocean beach from Cape Henry, Virginia to Cape Fear, North Carolina and from Savannah Bach Georgia to Miami Beach, Florida. The survey was made March 23-24, 1953, as part of a cooperative program with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.  The survey was made with scintillation detection equipment mounted in a Douglas DC-3 aircraft and consisted of one flight line, at a 500-foot altitude, parallel to the beach.  The vertical projection of the flight line coincided approximately with the landward limit of the modern beach.  The width of the zone on the ground from which anomalous radiation is measured at the normal 500 foot flight altitude varies with the areal extent radioactivity of the source.  For strong sources of radioactivity the width of the zone would be as much as 1,400 feet.  The location of the flight lines is shown on the index map below.  No abnormal radioactivity was detected along the northern flight line between Cape Henry, Virginia and Cape Fear, North Carolina.  Along the southern flight line fourteen areas of abnormal radioactivity were detected between Savannah Beach, Georgia and Anastasia Island, Florida as shown on the map on the left. The abnormal radioactivity is apparently due to radioactive minerals associated with \"black sand\" deposits with occur locally along the beach in this region.  The present technique of airborne radioactivity measurement does not permit distinguishing between activity sue to thorium and that due to uranium.  An anomaly, therefore, may represent radioactivity due entirely to one or to a combination of these elements.  It is not possible to determine the extent or radioactive content of the materials responsible for the abnormal radioactivity.  The information given on the accompanying map indicates only those localities of greater-than-average radioactivity and, therefore suggest areas in which uranium and thorium deposits are more likely to occur.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem644","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R., and Johnson, R., 1953, Airborne radioactivity survey of parts of Atlantic Ocean beach, Virginia to Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 644, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 14.53 x 21.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem644.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 14.53 x 21.38 inches","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0644/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283297,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0644/report.pdf"},{"id":283296,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0644/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida;Georgia;North Carolina;South Carolina;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.8,29.6 ], [ -81.8,32.2 ], [ -80.8,32.2 ], [ -80.8,29.6 ], [ -81.8,29.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b92e4e4b058918d0acaf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R.W.","contributorId":83194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000448,"text":"1000448 - 1953 - A modification in the technique of computing average lengths from the scales of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T13:36:23","indexId":"1000448","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modification in the technique of computing average lengths from the scales of fishes","docAbstract":"In virtually all the studies that employ scales, otollths, or bony structures to obtain the growth history of fishes, it has been the custom to compute lengths for each individual fish and from these data obtain the average growth rates for any particular group. This method involves a considerable amount of mathematical manipulation, time, and effort. Theoretically it should be possible to obtain the same information simply by averaging the scale measurements for each year of life and the length of the fish employed and computing the average lengths from these data. This method would eliminate all calculations for individual fish. Although Van Oosten (1929: 338) pointed out many years ago the validity of this method of computation, his statements apparently have been overlooked by subsequent investigators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[85:AMITTO]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1953, A modification in the technique of computing average lengths from the scales of fishes: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 15, no. 2, p. 85-86, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[85:AMITTO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 85-86","startPage":"85","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1953)15[85:AMITTO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adeed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000163,"text":"1000163 - 1953 - The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"1000163","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52","docAbstract":"A total of 733 native lake trout was tagged at two widely separated localities in Lake Superior; subsequent recaptures numbered 155 fish (21.1 percent) during the year following marking.  In October 1950, 116 large lake trout (average total length, 27.3 inches) were tagged near Keweenaw Point, Michigan.  Fifteen (12.9 percent) were recovered during the first year at points as far west as the Gooseberry River, Minnesota (190 miles), north to the Slate Islands, Ontario (95 miles), and east to Grand Marais, Michigan (100 miles).  Nine fish (7.8 percent) were recovered during the second year after marking.  Returns from 617 tagged lake trout of smaller size (average length 18.2 inches) released in the Apostle Island region of Wisconsin during the period June 12 to August 6, 1951, numbered 140 (22.7 percent) during the first year.  Of these fish, 90 percent were recaptured within a radius of 50 miles of the points of release.  Seventy-six percent were caught in Wisconsin, 14 percent in Minnesota, and 9 percent in Michigan waters.  The fish retaken in Michigan had moved 120 to 255 miles between the time of release and recapture, traveling as far wast as Grand Marais.  Lake trout recaptured at distances of more than 50 miles from the tagging locality were of larger average size than marked fish caught within this radius.\r\nThe four types of tages used in the marking of lake trout in the Apostle Island region, together with the number tagged and percentage recovered during the first year were as follows: 103 aluminum lower-jaw tags (used only on fish less than 17 inches in length when marked)-10.7 percent; 200 monel upper-jaw tags-14 percent; 162 streamer tags-19.8 percent; and 152 Peterson tags-45.4 percent.  Obviously lake trout marked with the Peterson tag, with the discs and ends of the pin projecting from each side near the point of maximum girth, were more vulnerable to the fishery than were fish marked with other tags.  The recoveries of marked fish show that Lake Superior lake trout-particularly fish of large size-may move many miles and freely cross political boundaries; and that the rate of harvest is moderately high for a fish with a life history as long as that of the lake trout.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., Daly, R., and Erkkila, L.F., 1953, The movement of tagged lake trout in Lake Superior, 1950-52: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 82, p. 68-77.","productDescription":"p. 68-77","startPage":"68","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daly, Russell","contributorId":97857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erkkila, Leo F.","contributorId":92197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erkkila","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011108,"text":"70011108 - 1953 - Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:58:35.295691","indexId":"70011108","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol","docAbstract":"<p>In a search for a more rapid method for the determination of tantalum in rocks and minerals, an intensive study was made of the tantalum-pyrogallol reaction recommended by Platanov and Krivoshlikov, and a better modified spectrophotometric procedure is given. The improved method consists in measuring the absorbancy of the tantalum-pyrogallol complex at 325 m<i>μ</i> in 4<i>N</i> hydrochloric acid and a fixed concentration (0.0175<i>M</i>) of ammonium oxalate. Beer's law is followed for the concentration range up to 40 γ per ml. Sensitivity in terms of molar absorbancy index is 4775. Most interferences are additive in character and readily correctable. Separations or major corrections are required in the presence of significant amounts of molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, and uranium. The method has been successfully applied to three ores previously analyzed by gravimetric techniques. The method affords greater speed, sensitivity, and reproducibility in the determination of tantalum in rocks and minerals. A more reliable technique for preparing standard solutions of tantalum has been developed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60084a004","usgsCitation":"Dinnin, J., 1953, Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tantalum with pyrogallol: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 12, p. 1803-1807, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60084a004.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1803","endPage":"1807","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0ee4b08c986b3289dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinnin, J. I.","contributorId":50886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinnin","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}