Water samples were collected from Lake Tahoe at midlake and nearshore stations at three depths (25, 50, and 75 m, corresponding to light intensities of approximately 10, 1, and 0.1% of surface light) in May and September. The water samples were evaluated to decide the following: (1) whether carbon fixation was N-limited and whether there were differences between picoplankton and larger phytoplankters and (2) the relative importance of picoplankton carbon fixation and related photosynthetic parameters. Evidence of N-limitation was observed only in September at the midlake station for the populations at 50 and 75 m, and to a lesser extent at the nearshore station at 75 m, but only for the nanoplankton fraction. The contribution of picoplankton to total carbon fixation ranged from 34 to 69% and did not increase with depth. Low values for Ik, the photoadaptation parameter, for deep water populations (0.1% light level) in September, but not May, suggested that these populations were adapted to low light in the fall but not the spring.
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G.","contributorId":44232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199596,"text":"70199596 - 1995 - Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:26:29","indexId":"70199596","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:24:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical environmental fate: State of the art","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1995, Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States, chap. of Agrochemical environmental fate: State of the art, p. 159-173.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199591,"text":"70199591 - 1995 - Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:03:13","indexId":"70199591","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:00:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solute modelling in catchment systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., Sklash, C., and Bullen, T.D., 1995, Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments, chap. of Solute modelling in catchment systems, p. 261-303.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sklash, C.","contributorId":208098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklash","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198687,"text":"70198687 - 1995 - Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T07:12:51","indexId":"70198687","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:10:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"In this chapter we discuss the major processes affecting solutes in rivers and streams. Here a solute is generally defined as any substance or entity that is transported downstream by the flowing waters. Under this definition, solutes may be pollutants, such as pesticides and hydrocarbons, or naturally occurring substances such as dissolved gases, nutrients, and trace elements. Study of the processes affecting solutes is an important undertaking, as pollutants may pose a threat to public health when the affected waterbody is used as a water supply or for recreational purposes. Another important issue is the effect of pollutants on the aquatic organisms that inhabit the stream ecosystem.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer, Dordrecht ","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-1439-6_5","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., and Bencala, K.E., 1995, Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams, chap. of Environmental hydrology, v. 15, p. 137-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1439-6_5.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85718,"text":"85718 - 1995 - Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85718,"text":"85718 - 1995 - Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean","indexId":"85718","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:40:49","indexId":"85718","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"About 250 years ago sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were distributed continuously from central Baja California, north and west along the Pacific Rim to Machatka Peninsula in Russia, and south along the Kuril Island to northern Japan (Kenyon 1969; Fig. 1a). Several hundred thousand sea otters may have occurred in the north Pacific region when commercial hunting began in the 18th century (Riedman and Estes 1990).
At least two attributes of the sea otter have influenced humans, likely for as long as they have resided together along the coast of the north Pacific Ocean. First, sea otters rely on a dense fur, among the finest in the world, for insulation in the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean. The demand for sea otter fur led to their near extinction in the 19th century. The fur harvest, begun about 1740 and halted by international treaty in 1911, left surviving colonies, each likely numbering less than a few hundred animals, in California, south-central Alaska, and the Aleutian, Medney, and Kuril Islands (Fig. 1a). These individuals provided the nucleus for the recovery of the species. Today more than 100,000 sea otters occur throughout about 75% of their original range (fig. 1b). Immigration has resulted in near-complete occupation of the Aleutian and Kuril archipelagos and the Alaska peninsula. Successful translocations have resulted in viable populations in southeast Alaska, Washington, and British Columbia. Large amounts of unoccupied habitat remain along the coasts of Russia, Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
The second potential source of conflict between sea otters and humans is that sea otters prey on and often limit some benthic invertebrate populations. Because some of these invertebrates are aso used by humans (Estes and VanBlaricom 1985), human perceptions about the effects of sea otter foraging on invertebrates sometimes differ. By limiting populations of herbivorous invertebrates (e.g., sea urchins [Echinoidea]) otters help maintain the integrity of kelp forest communities. At the same time, sea otter predation on other marine invertebrates can lead to direct competition with humans for resources. These interactions add complex dimensions to the conservation and management of sea otters, in large part because of wide-ranging social, ecological, and economic consequences of sea otter foraging.
Long-term data on abundance and distribution are available for relatively few sea otter populations. Here we summarize such data from three populations: Being Island, Russia; Prince William Sound, Alaska; and Olympic Peninsula, Washington. The Bering Island population resulted from natural emigration and represents complete recovery. Prince William Sounds represents near recovery of a remnant population, whereas the Washington population was established via translocations from Alaska and is just beginning to recover. We will compare growth rates and current status among these populations. Because of its unique status and growth characteristics, the California sea otter is not treated in this article.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Jameson, R.J., and Estes, J.A., 1995, Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 353-356.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"356","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0b9d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504693,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504696,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504694,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504695,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504692,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000826,"text":"1000826 - 1995 - Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T02:22:09.115658","indexId":"1000826","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Long-term ice records (1823-1994) from six sites in different parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes region were used to show the type and general timing of climatic changes throughout the region. The general timing of both freeze-up and ice loss varies and is driven by local air temperatures, adjacent water bodies and mixing, and site morphometry. Grand Traverse Bay and Buffalo Harbor represent deeper-water environments affected by mixing of off-shore waters; Chequamegon Bay, Memnominee, Lake Mendota, and Toronto Harbor represent relatively shallow-water, protected environments. Freeze-up dates gradually become later and ice-loss dates gradually earlier from the start of records to the 1890s in both environments, marking the end of the 'Little Ice Age.' After this, freeze-up dates remained relatively constant suggesting little change in early-winter air temperatures during the 20th century. Ice-loss dates at Grand Traverse Bay and Buffalo Harbor (but not at the other sites) became earlier during the 1940s and 1970s and became later during the 1960s. The global warming of the 1980s was marked by a trend toward earlier ice-loss dates in both environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500016104","usgsCitation":"Assel, R., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M., and Selgeby, J., 1995, Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes: Annals of Glaciology, v. 21, p. 383-386, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500016104.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"386","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500016104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4937e4b07f02db5860c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assel, R. A.","contributorId":81462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assel","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[{"id":16685,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmopheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoff, M.H.","contributorId":95439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selgeby, J.H.","contributorId":44859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7000093,"text":"7000093 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70209293,"text":"70209293 - 1995 - Impact of the 1993 floods in the upper Mississippi River basin","indexId":"70209293","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of the 1993 floods in the upper Mississippi River basin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":7000093,"text":"7000093 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994","indexId":"7000093","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:46:36","indexId":"7000093","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":392,"text":"Yearbook","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geologlical Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000093","isbn":"01629484","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994: Yearbook, vi, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000093.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1994fy/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":101695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1994fy/report.pdf","size":"38618","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000483,"text":"1000483 - 1995 - Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Erie: a case history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T11:50:41","indexId":"1000483","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Erie: a case history","docAbstract":"Native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) once thrived in the deep waters of eastern Lake Erie. The impact of nearly 70 years of unregulated exploitation and over 100 years of progressively severe cultural eutrophication resulted in the elimination of lake trout stocks by 1950. Early attempts to restore lake trout by stocking were unsuccessful in establishing a self-sustaining population. In the early 1980s, New York's Department of Environmental Conservation, Pennsylvania's Fish and Boat Commission, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service entered into a cooperative program to rehabilitate lake trout in the eastern basin of Lake Erie. After 11 years of stocking selected strains of lake trout in U.S. waters, followed by effective sea lamprey control, lake trout appear to be successfully recolonizing their native habitat. Adult stocks have built up significantly and are expanding their range in the lake. Preliminary investigations suggest that lake trout reproductive habitat is still adequate for natural reproduction, but natural recruitment has not been documented. Future assessments will be directed toward evaluation of spawning success and tracking age-class cohorts as they move through the fishery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71084-X","usgsCitation":"Cornelius, F.C., Muth, K.M., and Kenyon, R., 1995, Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Erie: a case history: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. Supplement 1, p. 65-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71084-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornelius, Floyd C.","contributorId":46053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornelius","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muth, Kenneth M.","contributorId":44863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenyon, Roger","contributorId":18718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000736,"text":"1000736 - 1995 - Survival of lake trout eggs on reputed spawning grounds in Lakes Huron and Superior: In situ incubation, 1987-1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T11:48:18","indexId":"1000736","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of lake trout eggs on reputed spawning grounds in Lakes Huron and Superior: In situ incubation, 1987-1988","docAbstract":"Lake trout reproduce widely in Lake Superior but little in Lake Huron. We examined whether survival of lake trout eggs and fry in either lake was reduced by physical disturbances and swim-up mortality. Eggs were collected from feral lake trout in Lake Superior and placed in 108 plastic incubators. A total of 48 incubators was set at Partridge Island Reef in southern Lake Superior, 48 were set at Port Austin Reef in southern Lake Huron, and 12 were held as controls inflowing well water at a laboratory. Survival-to-hatching of these eggs at Partridge Island Reef (18%) was significantly different from that at Port Austin Reef (43%) and significantly different in the laboratory (88%) from that at either reef (P < 0.05). During egg-fry incubation from 28 October 1987 to 5 May 1988, 11–18 cm of sediment accumulated in sediment traps placed on the reefs but < 1 cm of sediment was present on each reef in May 1988. Analysis showed that 44% of the eggs at Port Austin Reef and 28% of those at Partridge Island Reef were buried and killed by sediments. During the first week after deployment, mean wave energy was 90% higher at Partridge Island Reef and significantly different from that at Port Austin Reef. Wave energy may be a habitat condition that makes Partridge Island Reef less suitable than Port Austin Reef for incubation of lake trout eggs. Fry from eggs incubated at all three sites experienced no swim-up mortality. We conclude that in 1987–88 habitat conditions required for survival of lake trout eggs were more suitable at Port Austin Reef than at Partridge Island Reef.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71104-2","usgsCitation":"Manny, B.A., Edsall, T.A., Peck, J.W., Kennedy, G.W., and Frank, A.M., 1995, Survival of lake trout eggs on reputed spawning grounds in Lakes Huron and Superior: In situ incubation, 1987-1988: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, p. 302-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71104-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"312","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":309285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frank, Anthony M.","contributorId":28922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000691,"text":"1000691 - 1995 - Comparison of lake trout-egg survival at inshore and offshore and shallow-water and deepwater sites in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T09:45:22","indexId":"1000691","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of lake trout-egg survival at inshore and offshore and shallow-water and deepwater sites in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"We incubated lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) eggs over winter at shallow (10 m) and deep locations (20 m) on Gull Island Shoal, Lake Superior; at a shallow-water (10 m) site off the mainland (Bark Point); and in flowing Great Lakes water at two laboratories. Survival to hatch was significantly higher in the laboratories and averaged 80.9%. In Lake Superior, egg survival among incubators at all sites was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) for incubators that remained buried in spawning substrates (15.1–21.0%) than for incubators that were partially or completely exposed to water currents (1.0–12.6%). Egg survival for incubators that remained buried at the shallow-water sites was significantly higher at Bark Point (44.6%) than at Gull Island Shoal (21.0%). Egg survival among incubators that remained buried at the deep (14.4%) and shallow-water sites (21.0%) on Gull Island Shoal was not significantly different. Because incubators that were completely buried or partially exposed only appeared to differ in their degree of exposure, we concluded that survival of eggs in the lake was reduced by mechanical stress associated with water turbulence. Lower egg survival at Gull Island Shoal, a known lake trout-spawning site, was not expected and appeared to have been caused by a strong gale that occurred when these eggs were in late epiboly, a sensitive embryological stage. We present a hypothesis suggesting that lake trout recruitment in the Great Lakes is limited by availability of spawning habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71105-4","usgsCitation":"Eshenroder, R., Bronte, C.R., and Peck, J.W., 1995, Comparison of lake trout-egg survival at inshore and offshore and shallow-water and deepwater sites in Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. Supplement 1, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71105-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eshenroder, Randy L.","contributorId":86716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshenroder","given":"Randy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000692,"text":"1000692 - 1995 - Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:19:46.103484","indexId":"1000692","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Huron after their collapse in the 1940s were underway in the early 1970s with completion of the first round oflampricide applications in tributary streams and the stocking of several genotypes. We assess results of rehabilitation and establish a historical basis for comparison by quantifying the catch of spawning lake trout from Michigan waters in 1929-1932. Sixty-eight percent of this catch occurred in northern waters (MH-1) and most of the rest (15%) was from remote reefs in the middle of the main basin. Sea lampreys (Petromyzon mari-nus) increased in the early 1980s in the main basin and depressed spawning populations of lake trout. This increase was especially severe in northern waters and appeared to be associated with untreated populations in the St. Marys River. Excessive commercial fishing stemming from unresolved treaty rights also contributed to loss of spawning fish in northern Michigan waters. Seneca-strain lake trout did not appear to be attacked by sea lampreys until they reached a size > 532 mm. At sizes > 632 mm, Seneca trout were 40-fold more abundant than the Marquette strain in matched-planting experiments. Natural reproduction past the fry stage has occurred in Thunder Bay and South Bay, but prospects for self-sustaining populations of lake trout in the main basin are poor because sea lampreys are too abundant, only one side of the basin is stocked, and stocking is deferred to allow commercial gillnetting in areas where most of the spawning occurred historically. Backcross lake trout, a lake trout x splake (S. fontinalis x S. namaycush) hybrid, did not reproduce in Georgian Bay, but this genotype is being replaced with pure-strain lake trout, whose early performance appears promising.
Five species of marine turtles frequent the beaches and offshore waters of the southeastern United States: loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata). All five are reported to nest, but only the loggerhead and green turtle do so in substantial numbers. Most nesting occurs from southern North Carolina to the middle west coast of Florida, but scattered nesting occurs from Virginia through southern Texas. The beaches of Florida, particularly in Brevard and Indian River counties, host what may be the world's largest population of loggerheads.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C.K., 1995, Marine turtles in the Southeast, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 121-123.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339893,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"},{"id":127772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec96","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504736,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504739,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504737,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504738,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504735,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr.","contributorId":89215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018919,"text":"70018919 - 1995 - Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs: A computational model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:37:18","indexId":"70018919","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs: A computational model","docAbstract":"Previous models of degassing, cooling and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow deposits are combined in a single computational model that runs on a personal computer. The model applies to a broader range of initial and boundary conditions than Riehle's earlier model, which did not integrate heat and mass flux with compaction and which for compound units was limited to two deposits. Model temperatures and gas pressures compare well with simple measured examples. The results indicate that degassing of volatiles present at deposition occurs within days to a few weeks. Compaction occurs for weeks to two to three years unless halted by devitrification; near-emplacement temperatures can persist for tens of years in the interiors of thick deposits. Even modest rainfall significantly chills the upper parts of ash deposits, but compaction in simple cooling units ends before chilling by rainwater influences cooling of the interior of the sheet. Rainfall does, however, affect compaction at the boundaries of deposits in compound cooling units, because the influx of heat from the overlying unit is inadequate to overcome heat previously lost to vaporization of water. Three density profiles from the Matahina Ignimbrite, a compound cooling unit, are fairly well reproduced by the model despite complexities arising from numerous cooling breaks. Uncertainties in attempts to correlate in detail among the profiles may be the result of the non-uniform distribution of individual deposits. Regardless, it is inferred that model compaction is approximately valid. Thus the model should be of use in reconstructing the emplacement history of compound ash deposits, for inferring the depositional environments of ancient deposits and for assessing how long deposits of modern ash flows are capable of generating phreatic eruptions or secondary ash flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00301291","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Miller, T., and Bailey, R., 1995, Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs: A computational model: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 319-336, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301291.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"319","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbe2e4b0c8380cd4e009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T.F.","contributorId":8235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":87531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018772,"text":"70018772 - 1995 - Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018772","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated the feasibility of utilizing an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to collect velocity and discharge data in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, in May 1994. An ADCP is an instrument that can be used to measure water velocity and discharge from a moving boat. Measurements of velocity and discharge were made with an ADCP at 54 cross sections along the Colorado River between the Little Colorado River and Diamond Creek. Concurrent measurements of discharge with an ADCP and a Price-AA current meter were made at three U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations: Colorado River above the Little Colorado River near Desert View, Colorado River near Grand Canyon, and Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs. Discharges measured with an ADCP were within 3 percent of the rated discharge at each streamflow-gaging station. Discharges measured with the ADCP were within 4 percent of discharges measured with a Price-AA meter, except at the Colorado River above Diamond Creek. Vertical velocity profiles were measured with the ADCP from a stationary position at four cross sections along the Colorado River. Graphs of selected vertical velocity profiles collected in a cross section near National Canyon show considerable temporal variation among profile.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Fisk, G.G., 1995, Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994, in International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1774-1778.","startPage":"1774","endPage":"1778","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a533ce4b0c8380cd6c959","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisk, Gregory G.","contributorId":51728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018763,"text":"70018763 - 1995 - Use of hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for Rapid Creek, Western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018763","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for Rapid Creek, Western South Dakota","docAbstract":"The study of ground-water and surface-water interactions often employs streamflow-gaging records and hydrologic budgets to determine ground-water seepage. Because ground-water seepage usually is computed as a residual in the hydrologic budget approach, all uncertainty of measurement and estimation of budget components is associated with the ground-water seepage. This uncertainty can exceed the estimate, especially when streamflow and its associated error of measurement, is large relative to other budget components. In a study of Rapid Creek in western South Dakota, the hydrologic budget approach with hydrochemistry was combined to determine ground-water seepage. The City of Rapid City obtains most of its municipal water from three infiltration galleries (Jackson Springs, Meadowbrook, and Girl Scout) constructed in the near-stream alluvium along Rapid Creek. The reach of Rapid Creek between Pactola Reservoir and Rapid City and, in particular the two subreaches containing the galleries, were studied intensively to identify the sources of water to each gallery. Jackson Springs Gallery was found to pump predominantly ground water with a minor component of surface water. Meadowbrook and Girl Scout Galleries induce infiltration of surface water from Rapid Creek but also have a significant component of ground water.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Anderson, M.T., 1995, Use of hydrologic budgets and hydrochemistry to determine ground-water and surface-water interactions for Rapid Creek, Western South Dakota, in International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 145-150.","startPage":"145","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf27e4b08c986b3299b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Mark T. 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":1764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85751,"text":"85751 - 1995 - Reef fishes of the Florida Keys","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85751,"text":"85751 - 1995 - Reef fishes of the Florida Keys","indexId":"85751","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Reef fishes of the Florida Keys"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:55:07","indexId":"85751","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reef fishes of the Florida Keys","docAbstract":"The Florida Keys are a chain of islands extending 320 km (199 mi) along the southern edge of the Florida Plateau from Biscayne Bay to the Dry Tortugas (101 km [63 mi] west of Key West). The Florida Reef Tract, a band of living coral reefs paralleling the Keys, extends from Fowey Rocks to the Marquesas and includes about 130 km (81 mi) of bank reefs and 6,000 patch reefs. For convenience, the Keys can be divided into the upper, middle, and lower Keys (Fig. 1).
The environmental and economic importance of the Florida Keys is indicated by the many protected or regulated areas, which include several national wildlife refuges, national parks, marine sanctuaries, and state-protected areas (Fig. 1). Because many recreational and commercial activities occur in nearshore habitats, these areas have high potential for environmental damage.
Relatively high rates of human population increase (28%-44%) are predicted over the next 20 years in some parts of the Keys; Monroe County, which includes all of the Keys, had a population growth of 160% during the past 40 years. Human activities associated with increased population growth may well ultimately disrupt the Florida Keys marine ecosystem and damage the area's overall economy. In recognition of this possibility, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary was designated in 1990 under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, U.S. Public Law 101-605. The sanctuary includes 9,515 km2 (3,673 mi2) of coastal waters around the Florida Keys. The Sanctuaries and Reserves Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was charged with developing a comprehensive management plan and regulations to protect sanctuary resources (NOAA 1995). We focus on the current status of Florida Keys reef fishes and areas where research is needed immediately.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W.F., Bohnsack, J.A., and Williams, J.D., 1995, Reef fishes of the Florida Keys, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 279-284.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635244","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504749,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504747,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504748,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, William F.","contributorId":152526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohnsack, James A.","contributorId":9602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohnsack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, James D.","contributorId":17690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018762,"text":"70018762 - 1995 - Tilted middle Tertiary ash-flow calderas and subjacent granitic plutons, southern Stillwater Range, Nevada: Cross sections of an Oligocene igneous center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:44:44.739972","indexId":"70018762","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tilted middle Tertiary ash-flow calderas and subjacent granitic plutons, southern Stillwater Range, Nevada: Cross sections of an Oligocene igneous center","docAbstract":"Steeply tilted late Oligocene caldera systems in the Stillwater caldera complex record a number of unusual features including extreme thickness of caldera-related deposits (>4–5.5 km), lack of conclusive evidence for structural doming of the calderas despite intrusion of cogenetic plutonic rocks, and preservation of vertical compositional zoning in the plutonic rocks. The Stillwater caldera complex comprises three partly overlapping ash-flow calderas and subjacent plutonic rocks that were steeply tilted during early Miocene extension. The calderas and cogenetic plutonic rocks are exposed in cross section over an unusually large depth range of ∼10 km.
The Job Canyon caldera, the oldest (ca. 29–28 Ma) caldera, consists of two structural blocks. The north block consists of 0–1500 m of precollapse intermediate composition lava flows and breccias overlain by 2000 m of intracaldera rhyolite ash-flow tuff locally interbedded with thick sequences of caldera-collapse breccia, overlain in turn by 2500 m of intermediate lava flows and minor lacustrine and fluvial sedimentary rocks. The south block consists of thinner sequences (total thickness ≤2500 m) of intermediate lava flows and ash-flow tuff with local interbedded collapse breccia. The north part of the caldera is intruded by the cogenetic IXL pluton, which is vertically zoned downward from granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite.
The 25 to 23 Ma Poco Canyon and Elevenmile Canyon calderas and underlying Freeman Creek pluton overlap in time and space with each other. Caldera-related deposits in the Poco Canyon caldera comprise two cooling units of crystal-rich rhyolite and high-silica rhyolite tuff (tuff of Poco Canyon) separated by a unit of crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite tuff and caldera-collapse breccia (megabreccia of Government Trail Canyon) and by a thick unit of crystal-rich rhyolite and trachydacite ash-flow tuff related to the Elevenmile Canyon caldera (tuff of Elevenmile Canyon). Total thickness of caldera-related deposits is locally >4500 m in the Poco Canyon caldera. The Elevenmile Canyon caldera is filled by >3000 m of ash-flow tuff (tuff of Elevenmile Canyon), locally overlain by a unit of water-laid rhyolite tuff and sedimentary rocks and by a locally thick unit of rhyolite ash-flow tuff (tuff of Lee Canyon). Total thickness of caldera-related deposits in the Elevenmile Canyon caldera is >4000 m. The composite Freeman Creek pluton intrudes the central and north parts of these calderas and consists of an older granodiorite porphyry phase probably related to the Elevenmile Canyon caldera and a younger granite phase probably related to the Poco Canyon caldera. A 7-km-long, texturally zoned rhyolite-porphyry to granite-porphyry dike intruded the north edges of these calderas and is probably a ring-fracture dike related to the Poco Canyon caldera.
Caldera collapse occurred mostly along subvertical ring-fracture faults that penetrated to depths of >5 km and were repeatedly active during eruption of ash-flow tuffs. Subsidiary growth faults with relatively minor displacement are present in caldera-related deposits in the interior of the Job Canyon caldera. A fault separating the two structural blocks of the Job Canyon caldera later served as the north walls of both the Poco Canyon and the Elevenmile Canyon calderas. A second, long-active fault formed the south margin of the Job Canyon caldera, separated the Poco Canyon and Elevenmile Canyon calderas into blocks with greatly different amounts of caldera-related deposits, and later was reactivated during early Miocene extension. The calderas collapsed as large piston-like blocks, and there is no evidence for chaotic collapse. Preserved parts of caldera floors are relatively flat surfaces several kilometers across.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0180:TMTAFC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"John, D., 1995, Tilted middle Tertiary ash-flow calderas and subjacent granitic plutons, southern Stillwater Range, Nevada: Cross sections of an Oligocene igneous center: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 180-200, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0180:TMTAFC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb38ce4b08c986b325e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, D. A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019064,"text":"70019064 - 1995 - Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019064","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers","docAbstract":"Many stream channels in southeastern Nebraska were dredged and straightened during 1904-15. The resulting channels were both shorter and steeper than the original channels. Tests for time trends were conducted using the nonparametric Kendall tau test to see if the channels have responded to these changes. Tests were conducted on the stages associated with specific discharges and on measurement characteristics at gaging stations. Tests also were conducted on hydrologic forcing variables (annual mean precipitation, annual peak discharges, annual mean discharge, and annual mean base flows). The null hypothesis (that the data were free from trend) was rejected for stages associated with the mean of the annual discharges for 6 of 7 gaging stations in the study area, but was accepted for all 3 gages on the main stem of the Missouri River. The trends at the 6 streamflow gaging stations were for decreasing stages (degrading channels) for specific discharges. The rates of change ranged from about 0.2 to 0.5 m per decade. Mean stream bed elevations computed for individual discharge measurements at these streamflow gaging stations confirmed that the channels are degrading. However, neither the precipitation nor flow variables show evidence of trends. The tendency for the channels to degrade thus cannot be attributed to changes in runoff characteristics and are assumed to be a response to the channel modifications in the early 1900's. Indications are that the channels presently are continuing to degrade.","largerWorkTitle":"Watershed Management Symposium - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 Watershed Management Symposium","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., and Weiss, L.S., 1995, Channel degradation in southeastern Nebraska Rivers, in Watershed Management Symposium - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 250-259.","startPage":"250","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f451e4b0c8380cd4bc74","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ward Rim J.","contributorId":128413,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Ward Rim J.","id":536445,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":381567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018761,"text":"70018761 - 1995 - Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018761","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river","docAbstract":"The Fairbanks, Alaska, area has many contaminated sites in a shallow alluvial aquifer. A ground-water flow model is being developed using the MODFLOW finite-difference ground-water flow model program with the River Package. The modeled area is discretized in the horizontal dimensions into 118 rows and 158 columns of approximately 150-meter square cells. The fine grid spacing has the advantage of providing needed detail at the contaminated sites and surface-water features that bound the aquifer. However, the fine spacing of cells adds difficulty to simulating interaction between the aquifer and the large, braided Tanana River. In particular, the assignment of a river head is difficult if cells are much smaller than the river width. This was solved by developing a procedure for interpolating and extrapolating river head using a river distance function. Another problem is that future transient simulations would require excessive numbers of input records using the current version of the River Package. The proposed solution to this problem is to modify the River Package to linearly interpolate river head for time steps within each stress period, thereby reducing the number of stress periods required.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Lilly, M.R., 1995, Simulation of interaction between ground water in an alluvial aquifer and surface water in a large braided river, in International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 325-330.","startPage":"325","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b906ae4b08c986b3194b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, M. R.","contributorId":38594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019136,"text":"70019136 - 1995 - Effect of ground-water/surface-water interactions on nitrate concentrations in discharge from the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019136","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effect of ground-water/surface-water interactions on nitrate concentrations in discharge from the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved nitrate in recharge-area water from a 200-km2 segment of the South Platte River alluvial aquifer near Greeley, Colorado, range from less than 0.1 to 58 mg/l as nitrogen, and the median concentration is 26 mg/l as nitrogen. Hydraulic-head data indicate that this nitrate-enriched ground water move toward the South Platte River. However, the median concentration of nitrate in ground water from the discharge area is only about 9 mg/l as nitrogen. Moreover, measurements of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen gas, nitrate, and nitrate-nitrogen isotope ratios are then taken, and comparison between chloride and silica concentrations in river and ground waters are also made.","largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., and Böhlke, J., 1995, Effect of ground-water/surface-water interactions on nitrate concentrations in discharge from the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, in International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 16 August 1995, p. 156-158.","startPage":"156","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e5e4b0c8380cd50ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":94716,"text":"94716 - 1995 - Increased avian diseases with habitat change","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":94716,"text":"94716 - 1995 - Increased avian diseases with habitat change","indexId":"94716","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Increased avian diseases with habitat change"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:05:13","indexId":"94716","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Increased avian diseases with habitat change","docAbstract":"Changes in disease patterns and trends reflect changing relationships between the affected species (host) and the causes of disease (agent). Host-agent interactions are closely linked to environmental factors that either enhance or reduce the potential for disease to occur. As a result, wildlife disease patterns and trends are, to a substantial extent, indicators of environmental quality and changing host-agent interactions within the environment being evaluated. The types, distribution, and frequency of diseases causing major avian die-offs have changed greatly during the 20th century. Too little is known to assess the changes of most avian diseases that result in chronic attrition rather than major die-offs, or about those that affect reproductive success, reduce body condition, or affect survival in other indirect ways. Nevertheless, the changing patterns and trends in highly visible avian diseases provide notice of problems needing attention.
Information on the status of disease in wild birds was obtained from National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) evaluations of the cause of death for more than 30,000 carcasses from across the United States during the past two decades, reports of avian mortality received from collaborators, the scientific literature, and NWHC field investigations of bird mortality. Comprehensive assessments of causes of wild bird mortality, magnitude of losses, and geographic distribution of specific diseases are not possible from these data, although we can identify general relationships for waterfowl and some other species.
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